EP1858868A1 - Composes - Google Patents

Composes

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Publication number
EP1858868A1
EP1858868A1 EP06723516A EP06723516A EP1858868A1 EP 1858868 A1 EP1858868 A1 EP 1858868A1 EP 06723516 A EP06723516 A EP 06723516A EP 06723516 A EP06723516 A EP 06723516A EP 1858868 A1 EP1858868 A1 EP 1858868A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alkyl
alkoxy
compound
independently selected
alkanoyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06723516A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Daniel Marcus GlaxoSmithKline BRADLEY
Clive Leslie GlaxoSmithKline BRANCH
Bethany Joy GlaxoSmithKline BROWN
Wai Ngor GlaxoSmithKline CHAN
Steven GlaxoSmithKline COULTON
Anthony William GlaxoSmithKline DEAN
Paul Martin BioFocus DPI Ltd DOYLE
Brian GlaxoSmithKline EVANS
Martin Leonard GlaxoSmithKline GILPIN
Sharon Lisa GlaxoSmithKline GOUGH
Jacqueline Anne BioFocus DPI Ltd MACRITCHIE
Howard Robert GlaxoSmithKline MARSHALL
David John GlaxoSmithKline NASH
Roderick Alan GlaxoSmithKline PORTER
Luigi Piero GlaxoSmithKline SpA STASI
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Glaxo Group Ltd
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Glaxo Group Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Glaxo Group Ltd filed Critical Glaxo Group Ltd
Publication of EP1858868A1 publication Critical patent/EP1858868A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
    • C07D295/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms
    • C07D295/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms by radicals derived from carboxylic acids, or sulfur or nitrogen analogues thereof
    • C07D295/182—Radicals derived from carboxylic acids
    • C07D295/192—Radicals derived from carboxylic acids from aromatic carboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
    • A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to glycine transporter inhibiting compounds, their use in the manufacture of medicaments for treating neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, in particular psychoses, dementia or attention deficit disorder.
  • the invention further comprises processes to make these compounds and pharmaceutical formulations thereof.
  • GIyTI is found predominantly in the forebrain and its distribution corresponds to that of glycinergic pathways and NMDA receptors (Smith, et a/., Neuron, 8, 1992: 927-935).
  • GIyT-Ia 1 GIyT-Ib and GIyT-Ic displays a unique distribution in the brain and peripheral tissues.
  • GlyT2 in contrast, is found predominantly in the brain stem and spinal cord, and its distribution corresponds closely to that of strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors (Liu et a/., J. Biological Chemistry, 268, 1993: 22802-22808; Jursky and Nelson, J. Neurochemistry, 64, 1995 : 1026-1033).
  • Another distinguishing feature of glycine transport mediated by GlyT2 is that it is not inhibited by sarcosine as is the case for glycine transport mediated by GIyTI .
  • NMDA receptors are critically involved in memory and learning (Rison and Staunton, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 19 533-552 (1995); Danysz et a/, Behavioral Pharmacol., 6 455-474 (1995)); and, furthermore, decreased function of NMDA-mediated neurotransmission appears to underlie, or contribute to, the symptoms of schizophrenia (Olney and Farber, Archives General Psychiatry, 52, 998-1007 (1996).
  • agents that inhibit GIyTI and thereby increase glycine activation of NMDA receptors can be used as novel antipsychotics and anti-dementia agents, and to treat other diseases in which cognitive processes are impaired, such as attention deficit disorders and organic brain syndromes.
  • NMDA receptors have been implicated in a number of disease states, in particular the neuronal death associated with stroke and possibly neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, AIDS dementia, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or other conditions in which neuronal cell death occurs, such as stroke or head trauma.
  • neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, AIDS dementia, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or other conditions in which neuronal cell death occurs, such as stroke or head trauma.
  • Coyle & Puttfarcken Science, 262, 689-695 (1993); Lipton and Rosenberg, New Engl. J. of Medicine, 330, 613-622 (1993); Choi, Neuron, 1 , 623-634 (1988).
  • pharmacological agents that increase the activity of GIyTI will result in decreased glycine- activation of NMDA receptors, which activity can be used to treat these and related disease states.
  • drugs that directly block the glycine site of the NMDA receptors can be used to treat these and related disease states.
  • Glycine transport inhibitors are already known in the art, for example as disclosed in published international patent application WO03/055478 (SmithKline Beecham).
  • X is -SR 2 , wherein - R 2 is selected from C 1-6 alkyl and C 3-7 cycloalkyl, which C 1-6 alkyl or C 3-7 cycloalkyl group is optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from C 3-7 cycloalkyl, C 1-4 alkyl, Ci -4 haloalkyl, C- ⁇ -4 alkoxy, Ci. 4 haloalkoxy, C 1-4 alkylthio, halo and hydroxy;
  • Y is S(O) m R 5 or -SO 2 NHR 6 wherein - m is 1 or 2;
  • R 5 is selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-7 cycioalkyl, C 5-11 aryl and C 4-10 heteroaryl, which C 1-6 alkyl, C ⁇ cycloalkyl, C 5-11 aryl or C 4-10 heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halo, C 1-4 alkoxy and C 1-4 haloalkoxy;
  • Ci_ 6 alkyl is Ci_ 6 alkyl; which C 1-6 alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halo, C- ⁇ alkoxy and C 1-4 haloalkoxy;
  • n 0, 1 or 2
  • each R 1 is independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, halo, C 1-6 haloalkyl C 1-4 alkoxy and C 1-4 haloalkoxy;
  • each Ri 3 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, amino, nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, haloCi -4 alkyl, haloC 1-4 alkoxy, C 6 -iiarylC 1 . 4 alkoxy, C 1-4 alkylthio, hydroxyC 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxyC 1-4 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkylC 1-4 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl,
  • R 9 .R 10 .NSO 2 (CH 2 ) p or R 9 .SO 2 NR 10 .(CH 2 ) p , -CR 9 . CH(CN), R 9 .R 10 'N(CH 2 ) q - and R 9 .R 10' N(CH 2 ) q O-,wherein
  • each R 9 and R 10 is independently C 1-4 alkyl, or where appropriate R 9 R 10 forms part of a C 3-6 azacyloalkane or C 3-6 (2-, 3- or 4-oxo)azacycloalkane ring
  • each R 9' and Ri 0 - is independently selected from R 9 and R 10 and hydrogen;
  • each R 9 » and Ri 0" is independently selected from Rg' and R 10 ' and - p is selected from 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
  • - q is selected from 2, 3 or 4;
  • each Ri 4 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, amino, nitro, C 1- ⁇ alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, haloC 1-4 alkyl, haloC 1-4 alkoxy, Ce-narylC ⁇ alkoxy,
  • 0 is independently C ⁇ alkyl, or where appropriate R 9 Ri 0 forms part of a C 3-6 azacyloalkane or C 3 . 6 (2-, 3- or 4-oxo)azacycloalkane ring
  • each R 9' and R 10' is independently selected from R 9 and R 10 and hydrogen;
  • each Rg " and R 10 » is independently selected from R 9' and R 10' and C 1-4 alkanoyl;
  • - p is selected from 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
  • - q is selected from 2, 3 or 4;
  • each R 15 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, amino, nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, haloC 1-4 alkyl, haloC 1 . 4 alkoxy, Ce-narylC- ⁇ alkoxy, C 1-4 alkylthio, hydroxyC 1-4 alkyl, C- t ⁇ alkoxyC ⁇ alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkoxyC 1-4 alkyl, C 3 - 6 cycloalkylC 1-4 alkyl, C 3 .
  • each R 9 . and R 10 - is independently selected from R 9 and R 10 and hydrogen;
  • each R 9" and Ri O » is independently selected from R 9 . and R 10 . and C 1-4 alkanoyl;
  • - p is selected from 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
  • - q is selected from 2, 3 or 4;
  • Z is selected from a monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl group, which monocyclic heteroaryi group is or which bicyclic heteroaryl group optionally is substituted by one or more groups selected from amino, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C 2-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, haloC 1-4 alkyl, haloC 1-4 alkoxy, C 6-11 arylC 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 alkylthio, hydroxyC 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxyC 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkoxyC 1-4 alkyl, Cs. 6 cycloalkylC 1-4 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 3 .
  • each R 9 > and Rw is independently selected from R 9 and Ri 0 and hydrogen;
  • each R 9" and Ri 0" is independently selected from R 9' and R 10' and C 1-4 alkanoyl;
  • - p is selected from 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
  • - q is selected from 2, 3 or 4;
  • C 1-6 alkyl refers to a straight or branched alkyl which contains from one to six carbon atoms in all isomeric forms. Examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, neopentyl, sec-pentyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, tert-pentyl and hexyl.
  • C 3-7 cycloaikyr refers to a non-aromatic cyclic saturated hydrocarbon ring having from three to seven carbon atoms. Examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl .
  • N-linked 3- to 7-membered monocyclic heterocyclic ring refers to a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered non-aromatic cyclic group containing one to three heteroatom(s) independently selected from N, O and S, which is linked to the rest of the molecule via a nitrogen atom.
  • Examples of N-linked 3- to 7-membered monocyclic heterocyclic rings include aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl and azepanyl.
  • 8- to 11 -membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring refers to a 8, 9, 10 or 11 -membered bicyclic group containing one to three heteroatom(s) independently selected from N, O and S, wherein at least one of the rings is non-aromatic.
  • 8- to 11 -membered bicyclic heterocyclic rings in which one of the rings is non-aromatic include dihydrobenzofuranyl, indanyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolyl and benzoazepanyl.
  • the term refers to a straight or branched chain divalent hydrocarbon radical, which contains 1 , 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms. Examples include methylene, ethylene, n-propylene and n-butylene.
  • aryl refers to phenyl or a 8- to 11- membered bicyclic aromatic group in which at least one of the rings is aromatic.
  • 8- to 11- membered bicyclic aromatic groups include indenyl, azulenyl, naphthyl and tetrahydronaphthyl.
  • heteroaryl and “heteroaromatic group” refer to a 5- or 6- membered monocyclic aromatic group wherein one, two or three carbon atoms are replaced by a heteroatom independently selected from N, O and S, or to a 8- to 11- membered bicyclic aromatic group in which at least one of the rings is aromatic and wherein one to four carbon atoms in total are replaced by a heteroatom independently selected from N, O and S.
  • Examples of 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaromatic groups include furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, pyridazyl, pyrimidinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl and pyrimidinyl;
  • examples of 8- to 11-membered bicyclic heteroaromatic groups include quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, pyridopyrazinyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, naphthyridinyl, quinolinyl, benzofuranyl, indolyl, benzothiazolyl, oxazolyl[4,5-b]pyridiy
  • halogen and its abbreviation “hal” refer to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
  • salt refers to any salt of a compound according to the present invention prepared from an inorganic or organic acid or base, quaternary ammonium salts and internally formed salts.
  • Physiologically acceptable salts are particularly suitable for medical applications because of their greater aqueous solubility relative to the parent compounds. Such salts must clearly have a physiologically acceptable anion or cation.
  • physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds of the present invention include acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, phosphoric, metaphosphoric, nitric and sulfuric acids, and with organic acids, such as tartaric, acetic, trifluoroacetic, citric, malic, lactic, fumaric, benzoic, formic, propionic, glycolic, gluconic, maleic, succinic, camphorsulfuric, isothionic, mucic, gentisic, isonicotinic, saccharic, glucuronic, furoic, glutamic, ascorbic, anthranilic, salicylic, phenylacetic, mandelic, embonic (pamoic), methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, pantothenic, stearic, sulfinilic, alginic, galacturonic and arylsulfonic, for example benzenesul, in
  • solvate refers to a complex of variable stoichiometry formed by a solute (in this invention, a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof) and a solvent.
  • solvents for the purpose of the invention may not interfere with the biological activity of the solute.
  • suitable solvents include, but are not limited to, water, methanol, ethanol and acetic acid.
  • the solvent used is a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent.
  • suitable pharmaceutically acceptable solvents include water, ethanol and acetic acid. Most preferably the solvent used is water.
  • X is -SR 2 ; and R 2 is selected from C 1-6 alkyl and C 3-7 cycloalkyl, which C 1-6 alkyl or C 3-7 cycloalkyl group is optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from C 3-7 cycloalkyl, C 1-4 alkyl, C- ⁇ -4 haloalkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 haloalkoxy, C 1 . 4 alkylthio, halo and hydroxyl.
  • X may be C 1-6 alkylthio, optionally substituted by one or two groups selected from C 3-7 cycloalkyl, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, Ci -4 alkoxy, C 1-4 haloalkoxy, C 1-4 alkylthio, halo and hydroxyl.
  • R 2 may, for example, be unsubstituted.
  • Y is S(O) m R 5 where m is 1 or 2 and R 5 is as defined above.
  • R 5 is preferably Ci -8 alkyl, for example methyl.
  • n 0.
  • n is 1 or 2 and R 1 is independently hydrogen or C 1-4 alkyl.
  • Z is a phenyl group Z' as set out above.
  • each R 13 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano and Ci -4 alkoxyCi. 4 alkyl.
  • each R 14 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy and haloC 1-4 alkyl.
  • each R 15 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, amino, nitro, C ⁇ alkyl, C- ⁇ -4 alkoxy, haloC 1-4 alkyl, for example trifluoromethyl, C 1-4 alkylthio, hydroxyC 1-4 alkyl, Ci -4 alkoxyC 1-4 alkyl, C 1 .
  • each R 9 and R 10 is independently C ⁇ alkyl, or where appropriate R 9 R 10 forms part of a C 3-6 azacyloalkane or C 3 . 6 (2-, 3- or 4-oxo)azacycloalkane ring
  • each R 9' and R 10' is independently selected from R 9 and Ri 0 and hydrogen;
  • - p is selected from 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
  • Z is a phenyl group Z 1 as described herein, and is substituted, and one or more of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 is SO 2 C 1-4 alkyl, with the other groups R 13 , R 14 and R 15 being selected from hydrogen or halogen for example from hydrogen, chloro or fluoro.
  • one or more of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 is C 1-4 alkoxyC 1-4 alkyl with the other groups Ri 3 , R 14 and R 15 being selected from hydrogen or halo, for example, F or Cl.
  • one or more of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 is C 1-4 alkanoyl with the other groups R 13 , Ri 4 and R 15 being selected from hydrogen and halo, for example, F or Cl.
  • one or more of Ri 3 , R 14 and Ri 5 is Ci -4 alkoxy, for example methoxy, with the other groups R 13 , R 14 and R 15 being selected from hydrogen and halo, for example, F or Cl.
  • one or more of Ri 3 , R 14 and Ri 5 is haloC 1-4 alkyl, for example trifluoromethyl, with the other groups R 13 , R 14 and R 15 being selected from hydrogen and halo, for example F or Cl.
  • Z is selected from the group consisting of, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, 1 Hpyrrole[2,3-ib]pyridine, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thienyl, furanyl, thiadiazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, oxadiazolyl and oxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, 1 ,4-benzodioxinyl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxinyl, benzoxazolyl, indolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolinyl, 1-benzopyranyl, 2-benzopyranyl, dihyrdo-1-benzopyranyl, dihydro-2-benzopyranyl, quinoxalinyl and quinazolinyl
  • Such groups Z may optionally be substituted with one or more groups selected from amino, cyano, nitro, haloC 1-4 alkyl, Ci -4 alkoxy, Ci -4 alkoxycarbonyl, C 4- gheteroarylsulfonyl, and R g »R 10" N-, wherein each R 9 - and R 10 - is independently selected from hydrogen, C ⁇ alkyl and C 1-4 alkanoyl.
  • Z is an optionally substituted pyrrolopyridine or an optionally substituted 1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]piperidine.
  • Preferred optional substituents are arylsulfonyl and heteroarylsulfonyl, most preferably heteroarylsulfonyl.
  • the compounds of formula (I) may have the ability to crystallise in more than one form. This is a characteristic known as polymorphism, and it is understood that such polymorphic forms (“polymorphs”) are within the scope of formula (I). Polymorphism generally can occur as a response to changes in temperature or pressure or both and can also result from variations in the crystallisation process. Polymorphs can be distinguished by various physical characteristics known in the art such as x-ray diffraction patterns, solubility, and melting point. Certain of the compounds described herein may exist in stereoisomer ⁇ forms (i.e. they may contain one or more asymmetric carbon atoms or may exhibit cis-trans isomerism).
  • optically pure enantiomer means that the compound contains greater than about 90 % of the desired isomer by weight, preferably greater than about 95 % of the desired isomer by weight, and most preferably greater than about 99 % of the desired isomer by weight, said weight percent based upon the total weight of the isomer(s) of the compound.
  • the compounds of this invention may be made by a variety of methods, including standard chemistry. Any previously defined variable will continue to have the previously defined meaning unless otherwise indicated. Illustrative general synthetic methods are set out below and then specific compounds of the invention are prepared in the working Examples.
  • the present invention includes both possible stereoisomers and includes not only racemic compounds but the individual enantiomers as well.
  • stereochemistry is indicated as being variable at certain positions, a mixture of stereoisomers may be obtained, this mixture having been separated where indicated.
  • Stereoisomers may be separated by high-performance liquid chromatography or other appropriate means.
  • a compound is desired as a single enantiomer, it may be obtained by stereospecific synthesis or by resolution of the final product or any convenient intermediate. Resolution of the final product, an intermediate, or a starting material may be effected by any suitable method known in the art. See, for example, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds by E. L. Eliel, S. H. Wilen, and L. N. Mander (Wiley-lnterscience, 1994).
  • Typical reaction routes for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore defined are shown in the following schemes. It should be noted that, while the schemes illustrate cases wherein Y is -SO 2 Me and n is zero, the schemes are applicable for other cases wherein n and Y are as defined for formula (I) above. Similarly, the schemes illustrate cases where the leaving group is chlorine, but the leaving group may be any other suitable group.
  • Scheme 5 illustrates methodology for preparing compounds in which Z is phenyl substituted with an alkoxyalkyl group. The methodology is also suitable for the preparation of other molecules of the invention that comprise alkoxyalkyl groups. Starting materials and reagents are known to the skilled person in the art and/or can be prepared using methods known in the art.
  • R 1 H 1 Me, Alkyl
  • Route A Route B. NaH, DMF, R 11 OH, toluene, R"l or R"Br ptsa.H 2 0, reflux
  • the present invention provides a method of preparing a compound of formula (I), comprising the step of: (a) reacting a compound of formula (II):
  • X is as defined for formula (I) and H is hydrogen, in the presence of a suitable base, for example sodium hydride; or
  • X, Y, n and R 1 are as defined for formula (I), with a group Z-L wherein Z is as defined for formula (I) and L is a leaving group such as halogen or triflate, under basic conditions with a suitable catalyst such as palladium acetate, and a suitable ligand such as 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1 ,1-binaphthyl; or by heating a compound of formula (Vl) with a group Z-L to 180 0 C, with or without diisopropylamine as solvent, in a microwave reactor;
  • Step (c) may be carried out under suitable reaction conditions known in the literature, for example in J P Wolfe, H Tomori, J P Sadighi, J Yin and S L Buchwald, J. Org. Chem. (2000), 65, 1158; Org. Lett. (2003), 5(14), 2413; or J P Wolfe and S L Buchwald, J. Org. Chem. (2000), 65, 1144.
  • Compounds of formula (I) can be converted into further compounds of formula (I) using standard techniques.
  • possible conversion reactions include acylation with an appropriate acylating agent such as acetyl chloride, alkylation using an appropriate alkylating reagent such as methyl iodide, and sulfonylation using a sulfonylating agent such as methanesulfonic anhydride.
  • compositions may be prepared conventionally by reaction with the appropriate acid or acid derivative.
  • the compounds of the present invention inhibit the GIyTI transporter.
  • the compounds may selectively inhibit the GIyTI transporter over the GlyT2 transporter.
  • treatment and “treating” refer to the alleviation and/or cure of established symptoms as well as prophylaxis.
  • affinities of the compounds of this invention for the GIyTI transporter can be determined by the following assay:
  • HEK293 cells expressing the Glycine (Type 1) transporter were grown in cell medium (DMEM/NUT mix F12) containing 2 mM L-Glutamine, 0.8 mg/mL G418 and 10% heat inactivated fetal calf serum (Gibco BRL) at 37 0 C in 5% CO 2 .
  • Cells grown to 70-80% confluency in T175 flasks were harvested and resuspended at 1.6x10 6 cells/ml in assay buffer [NaC!
  • HEK293 cells expressing the Glycine (Type 1) transporter were grown in cell medium (DMEM/NUT mix F12) containing 2 mM L-Glutamine, 0.8 mg/mL G418 and 10% heat inactivated fetal calf serum (Gibco BRL) at 37 0 C in 5% CO 2 .
  • Cells grown to 70-80% confluency in T175 flasks were harvested and resuspended at 4x10 5 cells/ml in assay buffer [NaCI (140 mM), KCI (5.4 mM), CaCI 2 (1.8 mM), MgSO 4 (0.8 mM), HEPES (2OmM), glucose (5 mM) and alanine (5 mM), pH 7.4].
  • Electrode SPA beads (12.5mg/ml suspended in assay buffer) was added to the cell suspension.
  • Compounds were prepared as 1OmM stocks in DMSO. 2.5 fold serial dilutions of the compounds were made in DMSO from a top cone of 2.5 mM. 100 nL of compound at each concentration was added to the assay plate (384-well white solid bottom plate) using the hummingbird dispenser. 5uL of the cell/bead mix was then added on top of the compound using a multidrop dispenser.
  • Compounds are considered to have activity at the the GIyTI transporter if they have a plC 50 of 5.0 or above.
  • the example compounds below were found to have a PIC50 at the GIyTI transporter of greater than 5.0.
  • Preferred compounds of the invention were found to have a plC 50 at the GIyTI transporter of greater than 6.0.
  • compositions comprising a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore described or a salt or solvate thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore described or a salt or solvate thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
  • a GIyTI inhibitor is indicated such as, for example, schizophrenia.
  • the carrier must be pharmaceutically acceptable to the recipient and must be compatible with, i.e. not have a deleterious effect upon, the other ingredients in the composition.
  • the carrier may be a solid or a liquid and is preferably formulated with at least one compound of formula (I) or a salt or solvate thereof as a unit dose formulation. If desired, other physiologically active ingredients may also be incorporated in the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention.
  • compositions may be used in the treatment of clinical conditions for which a GIyTI inhibitor is indicated such as, for example, schizophrenia.
  • the carrier must be pharmaceutically acceptable to the recipient and must be compatible with, i.e. not have a deleterious effect upon, the other ingredients in the composition.
  • the carrier may be a solid or a liquid and is preferably formulated with at least one compound of formula (I) or a salt or solvate thereof as a unit dose formulation. If desired, other physiologically active ingredients may also be incorporated in the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention.
  • DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  • ICD-10 International Classification of Diseases
  • the compounds of formula (I) are of use in the treatment of schizophrenia including the subtypes Paranoid Type (295.30), Disorganised Type (295.10), Catatonic Type (295.20), Undifferentiated Type (295.90) and Residual Type (295.60); Schizophreniform Disorder (295.40); Schizoaffective Disorder (295.70) including the subtypes Bipolar Type and Depressive Type; Delusional Disorder (297.1) including the subtypes Erotomanic Type, Grandiose Type, Jealous Type, Persecutory Type, Somatic Type, Mixed Type and Unspecified Type; Brief Psychotic Disorder (298.8); Shared Psychotic Disorder (297.3); Psychotic Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition including the subtypes With Delusions and With Hallucinations; Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder including the subtypes With Delusions (293.81) and With Hallucinations (293.82); and Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (298.9).
  • the compounds of formula (I) are also of use in the treatment of mood disorders including Major Depressive Episode, Manic Episode, Mixed Episode and Hypomanic Episode;
  • Depressive Disorders including Major Depressive Disorder, Dysthymic Disorder (300.4),
  • Bipolar Disorders including Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar Il Disorder (Recurrent Major Depressive Episodes with Hypomanic Episodes) (296.89), Cyclothymic Disorder (301.13) and Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (296.80); Other Mood Disorders including Mood Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition (293.83) which includes the subtypes With Depressive Features, With Major Depressive-like Episode, With Manic Features and With Mixed Features), Substance-Induced Mood Disorder (including the subtypes With Depressive Features, With Manic Features and With Mixed Features) and Mood Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (296.90).
  • the compounds of formula (I) are also of use in the treatment of anxiety disorders including Panic Attack, Agoraphobia, Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder (300.22), Specific Phobia (300.29) including the subtypes Animal Type, Natural Environment Type, Blood-lnjection-lnjury Type, Situational Type and Other Type), Social Phobia (300.23), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (300.3), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (309.81), Acute Stress Disorder (308.3), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (300.02), Anxiety Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition (293.84), Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder and Anxiety Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (300.00).
  • the compounds of formula (I) are also of use in the treatment of substance-related disorders including Substance Use Disorders such as Substance Dependence and Substance Abuse; Substance-Induced Disorders such as Substance Intoxication, Substance Withdrawal, Substance-Induced Delirium, Substance-Induced Persisting Dementia, Substance-Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder, Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder, Substance-Induced Mood Disorder, Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder, Substance-Induced sexual Dysfunction, Substance-Induced Sleep Disorder and Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (Flashbacks); Alcohol-Related Disorders such as Alcohol Dependence (303.90), Alcohol Abuse (305.00), Alcohol Intoxication (303.00), Alcohol Withdrawal (291.81), Alcohol Intoxication Delirium, Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium, Alcohol-Induced Persisting Dementia, Alcohol-Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder, Alcohol-
  • the compounds of formula (I) are also of use in the treatment of sleep disorders including primary sleep disorders such as Dyssomnias such as Primary Insomnia (307.42), Primary Hypersomnia (307.44), Narcolepsy (347), Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders (780.59), Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder (307.45) and Dyssomnia Not Otherwise Specified (307.47); primary sleep disorders such as Parasomnias such as Nightmare Disorder (307.47), Sleep Terror Disorder (307.46), Sleepwalking Disorder (307.46) and Parasomnia Not Otherwise Specified (307.47); Sleep Disorders Related to Another Mental Disorder such as Insomnia Related to Another Mental Disorder (307.42) and Hypersomnia Related to Another Mental Disorder (307.44); Sleep Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition; and Substance-Induced Sleep Disorder including the subtypes Insomnia Type, Hypersomnia Type, Parasomnia Type and Mixed Type.
  • the compounds of formula (I) are also of use in the treatment of eating disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa (307.1) including the subtypes Restricting Type and Binge- Eating/Purging Type; Bulimia Nervosa (307.51 ) including the subtypes Purging Type and Nonpurging Type; Obesity; Compulsive Eating Disorder; and Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (307.50).
  • eating disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa (307.1) including the subtypes Restricting Type and Binge- Eating/Purging Type; Bulimia Nervosa (307.51 ) including the subtypes Purging Type and Nonpurging Type; Obesity; Compulsive Eating Disorder; and Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (307.50).
  • the compounds of formula (I) are also of use in the treatment of Autistic Disorder (299.00); Attention-Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder including the subtypes Attention-Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder Combined Type (314.01), Attention-Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder Predominantly Inattentive Type (314.00), Attention-Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder Hyperactive-Impulse Type (314.01) and Attention-Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (314.9); Hyperkinetic Disorder; Disruptive Behaviour Disorders such as Conduct Disorder including the subtypes childhood-onset type (321.81), Adolescent- Onset Type (312.82) and Unspecified Onset (312.89), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (313.81) and Disruptive Behaviour Disorder Not Otherwise Specified; and Tic Disorders such as Tourette's Disorder (307.23).
  • Attention-Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder including the subtypes Attention-Deficit
  • the compounds of formula (I) are also of use in the treatment of Personality Disorders including the subtypes Paranoid Personality Disorder (301.0), Schizoid Personality Disorder (301.20), Schizotypal Personality Disorder (301 ,22), Antisocial Personality Disorder (301.7), Borderline Personality Disorder (301 ,83), Histrionic Personality Disorder (301.50), Narcissistic Personality Disorder (301,81), Avoidant Personality Disorder (301.82), Dependent Personality Disorder (301.6), Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (301.4) and Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (301.9).
  • Paranoid Personality Disorder (301.0
  • Schizoid Personality Disorder 301.20
  • Schizotypal Personality Disorder 301 ,22
  • Antisocial Personality Disorder (301.7
  • Borderline Personality Disorder 301 ,83
  • Histrionic Personality Disorder 301.50
  • Narcissistic Personality Disorder 301,81
  • Avoidant Personality Disorder (301.82)
  • Dependent Personality Disorder (301.6
  • the compounds of Formula (I) are also of use in the enhancement of cognition including the treatment of cognition impairment in other diseases such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, other psychiatric disorders and psychotic conditions associated with cognitive impairment.
  • cognitive impairment includes for example the treatment of impairment of cognitive functions including attention, orientation, learning disorders, memory (i.e.
  • Alzheimer's disease Huntington's disease, Pick disease, Aids-related dementia or other dementia states
  • Multiinfarct dementia alcoholic dementia, hypotiroidism-related dementia, and dementia associated to other degenerative disorders such as cerebellar atrophy and amyotropic lateral sclerosis
  • other acute or sub-acute conditions that may cause cognitive decline such as delirium or depression (pseudodementia states) trauma, head trauma, age related cognitive decline, stroke, neurodegeneration, drug-induced states, neurotoxic agents, mild cognitive impairment, age related cognitive impairment, autism related cognitive impairment, Down's syndrome, cognitive deficit related to psychosis, and post-electroconvulsive treatment related cognitive disorders
  • dyskinetic disorders such as Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesias.
  • the compounds of formula (I) are also of use in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions including Sexual Desire Disorders such as Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (302.71), and Sexual Aversion Disorder (302.79); sexual arousal disorders such as Female sexual Arousal Disorder (302.72) and Male Erectile Disorder (302.72); orgasmic disorders such as Female Orgasmic Disorder (302.73), Male Orgasmic Disorder (302.74) and Premature Ejaculation (302.75); sexual pain disorder such as Dyspareunia (302.76) and Vaginismus (306.51); sexual Dysfunction Not Otherwise Specified (302.70); paraphilias such as Exhibitionism (302.4), Fetishism (302.81), Frotteurism (302.89), Pedophilia (302.2), sexual Masochism (302.83), Sexual Sadism (302.84), Transvestic Fetishism (302.3), Voyeurism (302.82) and Paraphilia Not Otherwise Specified (302.9); gender identity disorders such as Gender Identity Disorder in Children (302.6) and Gender Identity Disorder in Ad
  • the invention also provides a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore described or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for use in the treatment of schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance-related disorders, sleep disorders, eating disorders, autistic disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, disruptive behaviour disorder, tic disorders, personality disorders, cognition impairment in other diseases, sexual dysfunction, Parkinson's disease, dyskinetic disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, cognitive impairment, obesity, emesis, movement disorders, obsessive- compulsive disorders, amnesia, aggression, vertigo, dementia and arcadian rhythm disorders.
  • the invention also provides a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore described or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for use in the treatment of psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, substance abuse, dyskinetic disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, cognitive impairment, eating disorders, obesity, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders, emesis, movement disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, amnesia, aggression, autism, vertigo, dementia, circadian rhythm disorders and gastric motility disorders.
  • psychotic disorders schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, substance abuse, dyskinetic disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, cognitive impairment, eating disorders, obesity, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders, emesis, movement disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, amnesia, aggression, autism, vertigo, dementia, circadian rhythm disorders and gastric motility disorders.
  • a method of treating a mammal including a human, suffering from or susceptible to a disorder mediated by GIyTI , which comprises administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore defined or a salt or solvate thereof.
  • the invention also provides a method of treating schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance-related disorders, sleep disorders, eating disorders, autistic disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, disruptive behaviour disorder, tic disorders, personality disorders, cognition impairment in other diseases, sexual dysfunction, Parkinson's disease, dyskinetic disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, cognitive impairment, obesity, emesis, movement disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, amnesia, aggression, vertigo, dementia and circadian rhythm disorders which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore described or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
  • the invention also provides a method of treating psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, substance abuse, dyskinetic disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, cognitive impairment, eating disorders, obesity, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders, emesis, movement disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, amnesia, aggression, autism, vertigo, dementia, circadian rhythm disorders and gastric motility disorders which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore described or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
  • the disorder mediated by GIyTI to be treated by the use or method as hereinbefore described is a psychosis, including schizophrenia, dementia and attention deficit disorders, particularly schizophrenia.
  • the invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore described or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance-related disorders, sleep disorders, eating disorders, autistic disorder, attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder, disruptive behaviour disorder, tic disorders, personality disorders, cognition impairment in other diseases, sexual dysfunction, Parkinson's disease, dyskinetic disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, cognitive impairment, obesity, emesis, movement disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, amnesia, aggression, vertigo, dementia and circadian rhythm disorders.
  • the invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore described or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, substance abuse, dyskinetic disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, cognitive impairment, eating disorders, obesity, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders, emesis, movement disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, amnesia, aggression, autism, vertigo, dementia, circadian rhythm disorders and gastric motility disorders.
  • psychotic disorders schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, substance abuse, dyskinetic disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, cognitive impairment, eating disorders, obesity, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders, emesis, movement disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, amnesia, aggression, autism, vertigo, dementia, circadian rhythm disorders and gastric motility disorders.
  • the term "effective amount” means that amount of a drug or pharmaceutical agent that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought, for instance, by a researcher or clinician.
  • Compounds for use according to the invention may be administered as the raw material but the active ingredients are preferably provided in the form of pharmaceutical compositions.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore described or a salt or solvate thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
  • compositions may be used in the treatment of clinical conditions for which a GIyTI inhibitor is indicated such as, for example, schizophrenia.
  • the carrier must be pharmaceutically acceptable to the recipient and must be compatible with, i.e. not have a deleterious effect upon, the other ingredients in the composition.
  • the carrier may be a solid or a liquid and is preferably formulated with at least one compound of formula (I) or a salt or solvate thereof as a unit dose formulation. If desired, other physiologically active ingredients may also be incorporated in the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention.
  • the compounds according to the invention may advantageously be used in conjunction with one or more other therapeutic agents, for instance, different antidepressant agents such as 5HT3 antagonists, serotonin agonists, NK-1 antagonists, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors (SNRI), tricyclic antidepressants, dopaminergic antidepressants, H3 antagonists, 5HT1A antagonists, 5HT1B antagonists, 5HT1D antagonists, D1 agonists, M1 agonists and/or anticonvulsant agents, as well as atypical antipsychotic drugs and cognitive enhancers.
  • Suitable 5HT3 antagonists which may be used in combination of the compounds of the inventions include for example ondansetron, granisetron, metoclopramide.
  • Suitable serotonin agonists which may be used in combination with the compounds of the invention include sumatriptan, rauwolscine, yohimbine, metoclopramide.
  • Suitable SSRIs which may be used in combination with the compounds of the invention include fluoxetine, citalopram, femoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, indalpine, sertraline, zimeldine.
  • Suitable SNRIs which may be used in combination with the compounds of the invention include venlafaxine and reboxetine.
  • Suitable tricyclic antidepressants which may be used in combination with a compound of the invention include imipramine, amitriptiline, chlomipramine and nortriptiline.
  • Suitable dopaminergic antidepressants which may be used in combination with a compound of the invention include bupropion and amineptine.
  • Suitable anticonvulsant agents which may be used in combination of the compounds of the invention include for example divalproex, carbamazepine and diazepam.
  • Suitable atypical antipsychotic drugs which which may be used in combination of the compounds of the invention include for example risperidone, olanzapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole and clozapine.
  • the compounds of the combination or composition may be administered simultaneously (either in the same or different pharmaceutical formulations), separately or sequentially.
  • the compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof are also suitable for combination with other typical and atypical antipsychotics to provide improved treatment of psychotic disorders.
  • Particular advantages associated with the combinations, uses and methods of treatment of compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof include equivalent or improved efficacy at doses of administration which are lower than those commonly used for the individual components. Improved treatments of positive symptoms and/or negative symptoms and/or cognitive symptoms of the psychotic disorder may also be observed.
  • the combinations, uses and methods of treatment of the invention may also provide advantages in treatment of patients who fail to respond adequately or who are resistant to treatment with certain neuroleptic agents.
  • the combination therapies of the invention are preferably administered adjunctively.
  • adjunctive administration is meant the coterminous or overlapping administration of each of the components in the form of separate pharmaceutical compositions or devices.
  • This regime of therapeutic administration of two or more therapeutic agents is referred to generally by those skilled in the art and herein as adjunctive therapeutic administration; it is also known as add-on therapeutic administration.
  • Any and all treatment regimes in which a patient receives separate but coterminous or overlapping therapeutic administration of the compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof and at least one neuroleptic agent are within the scope of the current invention.
  • a patient is typically stabilised on a therapeutic administration of one or more of the of the components for a period of time and then receives administration of another component.
  • the compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof is administered as adjunctive therapeutic treatment to patients who are receiving administration of at least one neuroleptic agent, but the scope of the invention also includes the adjunctive therapeutic administration of at least one neuroleptic agent to patients who are receiving administration of compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
  • the combination therapies of the invention may also be administered simultaneously.
  • simultaneous administration is meant a treatment regime wherein the individual components are administered together, either in the form of a single pharmaceutical composition or device comprising or containing both components, or as separate compositions or devices, each comprising one of the components, administered simultaneously.
  • Such combinations of the separate individual components for simultaneous combination may be provided in the form of a kit-of-parts.
  • the invention provides a method of treatment of a psychotic disorder by adjunctive therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof to a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one neuroleptic agent.
  • the invention provides the use of compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a psychotic disorder in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one neuroleptic agent.
  • the invention further provides compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for use for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a psychotic disorder in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one neuroleptic agent.
  • the invention provides a method of treatment of a psychotic disorder by adjunctive therapeutic administration of at least one neuroleptic agent to a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
  • the invention provides the use of at least one neuroleptic agent in the manufacture of a medicament for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a psychotic disorder in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
  • the invention further provides at least one neuroleptic agent for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a psychotic disorder in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
  • the invention provides a method of treatment of a psychotic disorder by simultaneous therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof in combination with at least one neuroleptic agent.
  • the invention further provides the use of a combination of compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof and at least one neuroleptic agent in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration in the treatment of a psychotic disorder.
  • the invention further provides the use of compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration with at least one neuroleptic agent in the treatment of a psychotic disorder.
  • the invention further provides compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use for simultaneous therapeutic administration with at least one neuroleptic agent in the treatment of a psychotic disorder.
  • the invention further provides the use of at least one neuroleptic agent in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration with compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the treatment of a psychotic disorder.
  • the invention provides a method of treatment of a psychotic disorder by simultaneous therapeutic administration of a pharmaceutical composition comprising compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof and at least one mood stabilising or antimanic agent, a pharmaceutical composition comprising compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof and at least one mood stabilising or antimanic agent, the use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof and at least one mood stabilising or antimanic agent in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a psychotic disorder, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof and at least one mood stabilising or antimanic agent for use in the treatment of a psychotic disorder.
  • the invention provides a kit-of-parts for use in the treatment of a psychotic disorder comprising a first dosage form comprising compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof and one or more further dosage forms each comprising a neuroleptic agent for simultaneous therapeutic administration.
  • psychotic disorder includes those disorders mentioned above, such as schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance-related disorders, sleep disorders, eating disorders, autistic disorder, attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder, disruptive behaviour disorder, tic disorders, personality disorders, cognition impairment in other diseases, sexual dysfunction, dyskinetic disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, cognitive impairment and obsessive-compulsive disorders and all the various forms of the disorders as mentioned herein, which are contemplated as part of the present invention.
  • neuroleptic/antipsychotic drugs examples include, but are not limited to: butyrophenones, such as haloperidol, pimozide, and droperidol; phenothiazines, such as chlorpromazine, thioridazine, mesoridazine, trifluoperazine, perphenazine, fluphenazine, thiflupromazine, prochlorperazine, and acetophenazine; thioxanthenes, such as thiothixene and chlorprothixene ; thienobenzodiazepines; dibenzodiazepines; benzisoxazoles; dibenzothiazepines; imidazolidinones ; benzisothiazolyl-piperazines; triazine such as lamotrigine; dibenzoxazepines, such as loxapine; dihydroindolones, such as molindone; arip
  • neuroleptic drugs that are preferred for use in the present invention are shown in Table 1.
  • clozapine available under the tradename CLOZARIL®, from Mylan, Zenith Goldline, UDL 1 Novartis
  • olanzapine available under the tradename ZYPREX®, from Lilly
  • ziprasidone available under the tradename GEODON®, from Pfizer
  • risperidone available under the tradename RISPERDAL®, from Janssen
  • quetiapine fumarate available under the tradename SEROQUEL®, from AstraZeneca
  • haloperidol available under the tradename HALDOL®, from Ortho-McNeil
  • chlorpromazine available under the tradename THORAZINE®, from SmithKline Beecham (GSK); fluphenazine (available under the tradename PROLIXIN®, from Apothecon, Copley, Schering, Teva, and American Pharmaceutical Partners, Pasadena); thiothixene (available under
  • neuroleptic drugs include promazine (available under the tradename SPARINE®), triflurpromazine (available under the tradename VESPRIN®), chlorprothixene (available under the tradename TARACT AN®), droperidol (available under the tradename INAPSINE®), acetophenazine (available under the tradename TINDAL®;), prochlorperazine (available under the tradename COMPAZINE®), methotrimeprazine (available under the tradename NOZINAN®), pipotiazine (available under the tradename PIPOTRIL®), ziprasidone, and hoperidone.
  • promazine available under the tradename SPARINE®
  • triflurpromazine available under the tradename VESPRIN®
  • chlorprothixene available under the tradename TARACT AN®
  • droperidol available under the tradename INAPSINE®
  • acetophenazine available under the tradename TINDAL®
  • prochlorperazine available under the trade
  • Particularly preferred neuroleptic agents for use in the invention are olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, aripiprazole, haloperidol, clozapine, ziprasidone and osanetant.
  • the compounds according to the invention may advantageously be used in conjunction with one or more other therapeutic agents, for instance, different antidepressant agents such as 5HT3 antagonists, serotonin agonists, NK-1 antagonists, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors (SNRI), tricyclic antidepressants, dopaminergic antidepressants, H3 antagonists, 5HT1A antagonists, 5HT1B antagonists, 5HT1 D antagonists, D1 agonists, M1 agonists and/or anticonvulsant agents, as well as atypical antipsychotic drugs and cognitive enhancers.
  • different antidepressant agents such as 5HT3 antagonists, serotonin agonists, NK-1 antagonists, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors (SNRI), tricyclic antidepressants, dopaminergic antidepressants, H3 antagonists, 5HT1A antagonists, 5
  • Suitable 5HT3 antagonists which may be used in combination of the compounds of the inventions include for example ondansetron, granisetron, metoclopramide.
  • Suitable serotonin agonists which may be used in combination with the compounds of the invention include sumatriptan, rauwolscine, yohimbine, metoclopramide.
  • Suitable SSRIs which may be used in combination with the compounds of the invention include fluoxetine, citalopram, femoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, indalpine, sertraline, zimeldine.
  • Suitable SNRIs which may be used in combination with the compounds of the invention include venlafaxine and reboxetine.
  • Suitable tricyclic antidepressants which may be used in combination with a compound of the invention include imipramine, amitriptiline, chlomipramine and nortriptiline.
  • Suitable dopaminergic antidepressants which may be used in combination with a compound of the invention include bupropion and amineptine.
  • Suitable anticonvulsant agents which may be used in combination of the compounds of the invention include for example divalproex, carbamazepine and diazepam.
  • Suitable atypical antipsychotic drugs which which may be used in combination of the compounds of the invention include for example risperidone, olanzapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole and clozapine.
  • the compounds of the combination or composition may be administered simultaneously (either in the same or different pharmaceutical formulations), separately or sequentially.
  • a disorder mediated by GIyTI refers to a disorder that may be treated by the administration of a medicament that alters the activity of the GIyTI transporter.
  • the action of GIyTI transporters affects the local concentration of glycine around NMDA receptors. As a certain amount of glycine is needed for the efficient functioning of NMDA receptors, any change to that local concentration can affect NMDA-mediated neurotransmission.
  • changes in NMDA-mediated neurotransmission have been implicated in certain neuropsychiatric disorders such as dementia, depression and psychoses, for example schizophrenia, and learning and memory disorders, for example attention deficit disorders and autism.
  • alterations in the activity of the GIyTI transporter are expected to influence such disorders.
  • the disorders mediated by GIyTI referred to herein include neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including psychoses such as schizophrenia, dementia and other forms of impaired cognition such as attention deficit disorders and organic brain syndromes.
  • Other neuropsychiatric disorders include drug-induced (phencyclidine, ketamine and other dissociative anesthetics, amphetamine and other psychostimulants and cocaine) psychosis, psychosis associated with affective disorders, brief reactive psychosis, schizoaffective psychosis, and psychosis NOS, "schizophrenia-spectrum” disorders such as schizoid or schizotypal personality disorders, or illness associated with psychosis (such as major depression, manic depressive (bipolar) disorder, Alzheimer's disease and post-traumatic stress syndrome), and NMDA receptor-related disorders such as autism, depression, benign forgetfulness, childhood learning disorders and closed head injury.
  • NMDA receptor-related disorders such as autism, depression, benign forgetfulness, childhood learning disorders and closed head injury.
  • a method of treating a mammal including a human, suffering from or susceptible to a disorder mediated by GIyTI , which comprises administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (Ib) or a salt or solvate thereof:
  • X is -SR 2 , wherein - R 2 is selected from C-
  • Y is S(O) 171 R 5 or -SO 2 NR 6 R 7 wherein
  • R 5 is selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-7 cycloalkyl, G ⁇ aryl and C 4-10 heteroaryl, which C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-7 cycloalkyl, C 5-H aryl or C 4-10 heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halo, C 1-4 alkoxy and Ci -4 haloalkoxy;
  • - R 6 and R 7 are independently selected from hydrogen and C 1-6 alkyl but are not both simultaneously C 1-6 alkyl; which Ci. 6 alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halo, C-i -4 alkoxy and C 1-4 haloalkoxy;
  • n 0, 1 or 2
  • each Ri is independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, halo, C 1-6 haloalkyl C 1-4 alkoxy and C 1-4 haloalkoxy;
  • each Ri 3 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, amino, nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, haloC ⁇ alkyl, haloC 1-4 alkoxy, C 6- narylC 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 alkylthio, hydroxyC 1-4 alkyl, C 3 . 6 cycloalkylC 1-4 alkyl, C 3 .
  • Ce.-narylcarboxamidoC ⁇ lkyl C 6-11 aroyl, C 6- naroylC 1-4 alkyl, C 6-11 arylC 1-4 alkanoyl, C 1-4 acyl, C 6- iiarylCi -4 alkyl, Ci -4 alkylaminoCi.
  • each R 9 and Ri 0 is independently C 1-4 alkyl, or where appropriate RgR 10 forms part of a C 3-6 azacyloalkane or C 3 . 6 (2-, 3- or 4-oxo)azacycloalkane ring
  • each R 9 . and R 10 . is independently selected from R 9 and R 10 and hydrogen; - each R 9" and R 10" is independently selected from R 9 . and R 10 . and C 1-4 alkanoyl;
  • - p is selected from 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
  • - q is selected from 2, 3 or 4;
  • each Ri 4 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, amino, nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, Ci -4 alkoxy, haloCi. 4 alkyl, haloCi -4 alkoxy, C 6-1 iarylCi -4 alkoxy, Ci -4 alkylthio, 6 cycloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkylCi -4 alkoxy, Ci -4 alkoxycarbony Ci -4 alkylsulfonyl, Ci -4 alkylsulfonyloxy, Ci -4 alkylsulfonylC 1-4 alkyl, C 6- narylsulfonyl, C 6 -narylsulfonyloxy, Ci -4 alkylsulfonamido, C 1-4 alkylamido, C 1-4 alkylsulfonamidoC-i -4 alkyl, C- ⁇ _ 4 alkylsuIfinyl, C C
  • each R 9 - and Ri 0' is independently selected from R 9 and R 10 and hydrogen;
  • each Rg» and R 10" is independently selected from R 9 ' and R 10 - and C 1-4 alkanoyl; - p is selected from 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
  • - q is selected from 2, 3 or 4;
  • each R 15 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, amino, nitro, C 1-6 alkyl, Ci -4 alkoxy, haloC 1 . 4 alkyl, haloC 1 . 4 alkoxy, C 6 -i 1 arylC 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 alkylthio, hydroxyC 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxyC 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkoxyC 1-4 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkylC 1-4 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkylCi -4 alkoxy, C 1-4 alkanoyl, Ci -4 haloalkanoyl, C 1-4 alkoxycarbonyl, C 1-4 alkoxycarbonylCi -4 alkyl, C 1 .
  • each R 9 and R 10 is independently C 1-4 alkyl, or where appropriate R 9 Ri 0 forms part of a C 3-6 azacyloalkane or C 3-6 (2-, 3- or 4-oxo)azacycloalkane ring
  • each R 9 ' and Rw is independently selected from R 9 and R 10 and hydrogen; - each R 9 - and R 10 - is independently selected from R 9' and R 10 ' and C 1-4 alkanoyl;
  • - p is selected from 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
  • - q is selected from 2, 3 or 4;
  • Z is selected from a monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl group, which monocyclic heteroaryl group is or which bicyclic heteroaryl group optionally is substituted by one or more groups selected from amino, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C 2-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, haloC 1-4 alkyl, haloC 1-4 alkoxy, C 6- i 1 arylC 1 . 4 alkoxy, C 1-4 alkylthio, hydroxyCi -4 alkyl,
  • Ci -4 haloalkylsulfinyl, C ⁇ alkylsulfonyloxy, C 1-4 alkylsulfonylCi -4 alkyl, C 6- iiarylsulfonyl,
  • each Rg and Ri 0 is independently C 1-4 alkyl, or where appropriate R 9 R 10 forms part of a C 3-6 azacyloalkane or C 3 . 6 (2-, 3- or 4-oxo)azacyc!oalkane ring - each R 9' and R 10 - is independently selected from R 9 and R-
  • each Rg- and R 10" is independently selected from R 3 - and R 10' and C 1-4 alkanoyl;
  • - p is selected from 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
  • - q is selected from 2, 3 or 4;
  • the disorder mediated by GIyTI to be treated by the use or method as hereinbefore described is a psychosis, including schizophrenia, dementia and attention deficit disorders, particularly schizophrenia.
  • the term "effective amount” means that amount of a drug or pharmaceutical agent that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought, for instance, by a researcher or clinician.
  • Possible formulations include those suitable for oral, sub-lingual, buccal, parenteral (for example, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous), rectal, topical and intranasal administration and in forms suitable for administration by inhalation or insufflation (either through the mouth or nose).
  • parenteral for example, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous
  • rectal topical and intranasal administration and in forms suitable for administration by inhalation or insufflation (either through the mouth or nose).
  • inhalation or insufflation either through the mouth or nose.
  • Formulations suitable for oral administration may be provided as discrete units, such as tablets, capsules, cachets, or lozenges, each containing a predetermined amount of the active compound; as powders or granules; as solutions or suspensions in aqueous or non-aqueous liquids; or as oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions.
  • Formulations suitable for sublingual or buccal administration include lozenges comprising the active compound and, typically, a flavoured base, such as sugar and acacia or tragacanth and pastilles comprising the active compound in an inert base, such as gelatin and glycerin or sucrose and acacia.
  • a flavoured base such as sugar and acacia or tragacanth
  • pastilles comprising the active compound in an inert base, such as gelatin and glycerin or sucrose and acacia.
  • Formulations suitable for parenteral administration typically comprise sterile aqueous solutions containing a predetermined concentration of the active compound; the solution is preferably isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient. Although such solutions are preferably administered intraveneously, they may also be administered by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection.
  • Formulations suitable for rectal administration are preferably provided as unit-dose suppositories comprising the active ingredient and one or more solid carriers forming the suppository base, for example, cocoa butter.
  • Formulations suitable for topical or intranasal application include ointments, creams, lotions, pastes, gels, sprays, aerosols and oils.
  • Suitable carriers for such formulations include petroleum jelly, lanolin, polyethylene glycols, alcohols, and combinations thereof.
  • the formulations of the invention may be prepared by any suitable method, typically by uniformly and intimately admixing the active compound(s) with liquids or finely divided solid carriers, or both, in the required proportions and then, if necessary, shaping the resulting mixture into the desired shape.
  • a tablet may be prepared by compressing an intimate mixture comprising a powder or granules of the active ingredient and one or more optional ingredients, such as a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, or surface active dispersing agent, or by moulding an intimate mixture of powdered active ingredient and inert liquid diluent.
  • one or more optional ingredients such as a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, or surface active dispersing agent, or by moulding an intimate mixture of powdered active ingredient and inert liquid diluent.
  • Aqueous solutions for parenteral administration are typically prepared by dissolving the active compound in sufficient water to give the desired concentration and then rendering the resulting solution sterile and isotonic.
  • the compound may be administered in single or divided doses and may be administered one or more times, for example 1 to 4 times per day.
  • a proposed dose of the active ingredient for use according to the invention for oral, sublingual, parenteral, buccal, rectal, intranasal or topical administration to a human (of approximately 70 kg bodyweight) for the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatry disorders mediated by a GIyTI inhibitor, including schizophrenia, may be about 1 to about 1000 mg, preferably about 5 to about 500 mg, more preferably about 10 to about 100 mg of the active ingredient per unit dose which could be administered, for example, 1 to 4 times per day.
  • a reaction mixture of the ester (2.2mrnol), methanol (10ml) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (10ml, 2M) was heated to 70 0 C for 18 hrs.
  • the cooled reaction mixture was then diluted with water and ethyl acetate.
  • the aqueous layer was acidified to pH 1 with aqueous hydrochloric acid (1 M) and extracted with ethyl acetate.
  • the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product. Purification by trituration gave the pure title compound.
  • Trifluoroacetic acid 200 ⁇ l_; 2.69 mmol was added in one portion to a room temperature stirring solution of carbamate 4-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]piperazine-1-carboxylic acid-ferf- butylester (79 mg; 0.26 mmol) in dichloromethane (1 mL). The reaction was stirred for 15 hours and purified using an SCX ion exchange column, giving 1-[4- (methylthio)phenyl]piperazine as a pale yellow solid (42.9 mg; 79%).
  • me.a-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (approx. 77%; 191 mg; 0.85 mmol) was added in one portion to a cool (O 0 C) stirring solution of 4-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]piperazine-1-carboxylic acid-te/t-butylester (179 mg; 0.58 mmol) in dichloromethane (3 mL).
  • the mixture was stirred at O 0 C for 1% hours, quenched with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate (5 ml_) and diluted with water (1 ml_) and dichloromethane (2 ml_).
  • the separated aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane (10 mL), and the combined organic phase dried (MgSO 4 ).
  • Trifluoroacetic acid 250 ⁇ l_; 3.37 mmol was added in one portion to a room temperature stirring solution of 4-[4-(methylsulfinyl)phenyi]piperazine-1-carboxylic acid-terf-butylester (141 mg; 0.436 mmol) in dichloromethane (1.7 mL). The reaction was stirred for 18 hours and purified using an SCX ion exchange column, giving 4-[4- (methylsulfinyl)phenyl]piperazine-1-carboxylic acid-te/if-butylester as a white solid (92.9 mg; 93%).
  • LC/MS Ammonium bicarbonate ES+
  • N-BOC piperazine (0.5g) and 2-chloro-5-nitropyridine (0.424g) in DMF (16ml) were treated with potassium carbonate (0.744g) and DIPEA (1.41ml).
  • the resulting mixture was heated at 120 0 C for 4 hours.
  • the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and water.
  • Organic layer washed again with water then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate. After filtration, the solvent evaporated to dryness in vacuo to afford the title compound as a pale brown solid in 95%.

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Abstract

L’invention concerne un composé de la formule (I) ou un sel ou un solvate de celui-ci : où R1, n, X, Y et Z sont tels que définis dans la description, et les utilisations de tels composés. Les composés inhibent les transporteurs de GlyT1 et sont utiles dans le traitement de certains troubles neurologiques et neuropsychiatriques, y compris la schizophrénie.
EP06723516A 2005-03-11 2006-03-09 Composes Withdrawn EP1858868A1 (fr)

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US9233953B2 (en) * 2013-10-16 2016-01-12 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Derivatives of 4-(piperazinylcarbonyl)thiane-1, 1-dione which inhibit GlyT1
BR112017014770A2 (pt) 2015-01-08 2018-01-16 Advinus Therapeutics Ltd compostos bicíclicos, composições e aplicações médicas dos mesmos

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RS53252B (en) * 2003-08-11 2014-08-29 F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ag. PIPERAZINE WITH OR-SUBSTITUTED PHENYL GROUP AND THEIR USE AS GLYT1 INHIBITOR
NZ545454A (en) * 2003-09-09 2009-11-27 Hoffmann La Roche 1-(2-amino-benzoyl)-piperazine derivatives as glycine uptake inhibitors for the treatment of psychoses
JP4563387B2 (ja) * 2003-09-09 2010-10-13 エフ．ホフマン−ラ ロシュ アーゲー 精神病の処置のためのグリシン取り込み阻害剤としての１−ベンゾイル−ピペラジン誘導体

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