EP1855259A1 - Détecteur d'incendie - Google Patents

Détecteur d'incendie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1855259A1
EP1855259A1 EP06113608A EP06113608A EP1855259A1 EP 1855259 A1 EP1855259 A1 EP 1855259A1 EP 06113608 A EP06113608 A EP 06113608A EP 06113608 A EP06113608 A EP 06113608A EP 1855259 A1 EP1855259 A1 EP 1855259A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
fire
receivers
intensity
received
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06113608A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Markus Loepfe
Bertram Schleicher
Georges A. Tenchio
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
Siemens Schweiz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Schweiz AG filed Critical Siemens Schweiz AG
Priority to EP06113608A priority Critical patent/EP1855259A1/fr
Publication of EP1855259A1 publication Critical patent/EP1855259A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a fire detector for detecting a fire, wherein the fire detector has a measuring chamber in which a light source and at least two light receivers receiving the emitted light are arranged and having an evaluation unit connected to the at least two light receivers.
  • so-called scattered light smoke detectors which may optionally contain another sensor, such as a temperature sensor, in addition to the optical module used.
  • the optical module is designed so that a disturbing extraneous light and smoke can not easily penetrate into a measuring chamber.
  • Light source and light receiver are arranged so that no light rays can pass directly from the source to the receiver. In the presence of smoke particles in the beam path, the light of the light source is scattered at this and a part of this scattered light falls on the light receiver and causes an electrical signal.
  • the fire sensors used measure the fire parameters that arise in a fire. Such fire parameters may be, for example, an increase in temperature, the formation of gases and the detection of fire-typical particles such as smoke or aerosol particles.
  • linear fire detectors are usually used and mounted beneath the ceiling on the walls.
  • transmitter and receiver face each other and no reflector is required. These are used only when the rooms are so short that the minimum length of the light beam of about 10 m would not otherwise be reached to increase the sensitivity of the detector by doubling the measuring distance, or if the side opposite the transmitter is not stable or there no receiver can be installed there.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an efficient, space-saving and cost-effective means of detecting a fire.
  • a core of the invention is to be seen in that a light beam is generated by means of a light source, for example a laser, a laser diode or an LED diode and by an interference unit, for example a single gap, a double gap, a multiple gap, a grid, a pinhole etc is bent.
  • a light source for example a laser, a laser diode or an LED diode
  • an interference unit for example a single gap, a double gap, a multiple gap, a grid, a pinhole etc is bent.
  • This interference pattern results in the line pattern known in physics consisting of intensity maxima and minima.
  • a suitably small hole for example a pinhole, so concentric circles are also generated consisting of intensity maxima and minima.
  • the light receivers are arranged symmetrically.
  • the light source, the at least two light receivers and the interference unit arranged in the beam path between the light source and the at least two light receivers may be arranged in a measuring chamber.
  • unmodulated light is generated and the light source, the interference unit and the at least two light receivers are housed in a housing or a measuring chamber, which is protected by the attachment of a labyrinth of extraneous light. If brand-specific particles now enter this measuring chamber, the light emitted by the light source is scattered and / or absorbed by the particles.
  • the interference pattern experiences a disturbance: light that is undisturbed by the particles in maximum intensity from the light receivers, which can be arranged behind a maximum of the interference pattern, is attenuated by the presence of the particles, light receivers, which are arranged behind a minimas can be an intensity> zero when particles are present. The light receivers thus detect a change in the intensity of the received light.
  • a processing unit connected to the at least two light receivers triggers an alarm upon such a change in intensity.
  • the inventive method is fundamentally different, since not the scattering or attenuation of the light is measured, but the change or destruction of the interference pattern by particles or particles.
  • modulated light used which uses a frequency that is not the frequency of light in the vicinity of the fire detector or light within a frequency range or, for example, in the infrared range, in the ultraviolet range, in the range of the X-ray, in the visible range of light, a certain frequency, etc., matches.
  • the light receivers are set to detect only light of the frequencies of this modulated light.
  • the light source can emit different frequencies, but should ideally be monochromatic.
  • the arrangement of the light receivers and the choice of the interference unit depend on the selected wavelength of light.
  • a major advantage of the invention is that multiple light receivers can be combined in one area. This allows a cost-effective design, since the fire alarm in contrast to the conventional scattered light detectors no large spatial separation for the arrangement of the fire alarm is necessary.
  • Another advantage of attaching multiple light receivers can be seen in that the aging of the light receivers or sensors can be monitored. This is especially important for the sensors that are located behind a maximum of the interference pattern, as they always transmit a signal. A flattening of the signal indicates a decline in the efficiency of the fire alarm.
  • Still another advantage is that the occurrence of smoke is detected not only by the attenuation of the signal of the light received at the light receivers located behind the maxima, but by the change the intensities of all the individual light receivers.
  • the fire detection is therefore carried out by two mutually complementary signal images.
  • the fire detectors can be extremely small and compact in their dimensions. By using modulated light there is no need for a very space and cost intensive labyrinth to protect against extraneous light.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified arrangement for carrying out the inventive method.
  • a light source LQ for example a laser, a laser diode, an LED diode, etc., emits a light beam which strikes an interference unit IE, for example a single slit, a double slit, a multiple slit, a grid, a pinhole etc.
  • the light emitted by the LED diode can thus be changed by means of, for example, a filter, a lens, etc., so that monochromatic and / or coherent light is generated.
  • the incident on the interference unit IE light beam is diffracted at the interference unit IE and there is a so-called interference pattern or pattern.
  • the diffraction or Diffraction is the "deflection" of waves (such as light and other electromagnetic waves, water or sound waves) at an obstacle, according to the invention an interference unit IE.
  • waves such as light and other electromagnetic waves, water or sound waves
  • an interference unit IE In diffraction phenomena, the wave can propagate in the geometric shadow space of the interference unit IE.
  • the diffraction occurs through the formation of new waves along the wavefront according to Huygens' principle. These lead by interference of the waves to interference phenomena.
  • the superimposition of two waves with the same wavelength, the same frequency and the same clock or the same phase amplifies the amplitude - one then speaks of constructive interference (maxima); If the two waves are phase-shifted by 180 °, so that a wave crest coincides with a wave trough, they cancel each other out if their amplitude is the same - resulting in a so-called destructive interference (minima).
  • the constructive interference results in a series of interference maxima with the property that the path length difference of the two partial beams is an integer multiple of the wavelength. At a gap, this results in a series of diffraction maxima or diffraction minima.
  • the interference unit IE is arranged in the beam path between the light source LQ and the at least two light receiver LE receiving the emitted light.
  • the passage of light rays through optical devices, the interference unit IE is called the beam path.
  • the at least two light receivers LE which are arranged behind the interference unit IE, the intensity maxima 1 and minima 2 (see FIG. 2) resulting from the diffraction can now be received.
  • the light receivers LE are arranged such that the maximum intensity of a maximas and the minimum intensity, equal to zero, of a minimas can be received.
  • the light receivers LE are ideally arranged symmetrically, since the interference pattern is generally also symmetrical.
  • the interference pattern produced by the interference unit IE is disturbed or changed.
  • the inventive method is thus fundamentally different, since not the scattering or attenuation of the light is measured, but the change or destruction of the interference pattern by particles or particles that are typical of a fire. This has an effect on the received intensities in the individual light receivers LE.
  • a light receiver LE which otherwise receives the maximum intensity, will detect an attenuation of this intensity, and a light receiver LE, which normally does not receive any intensity, will receive an intensity greater than zero.
  • the light receivers LE according to the invention can be designed as photodiodes or photocells, the received intensity of the light is converted into electrical signals and forwarded to an evaluation unit AE.
  • the evaluation unit AE determines the intensity of the received light.
  • the evaluation unit AE can be integrated in the fire detector BM and / or in a fire control panel or can be a separate unit.
  • the light source LQ, the interference unit IE and the at least two light receivers LE can be arranged in a measuring chamber MK of a fire detector BM. If unmodulated light is used, the measuring chamber MK must be protected from extraneous light. This is usually achieved in that the measuring chamber MK has a so-called labyrinth. Another possibility for efficient smoke detection is that modulated light is used whose frequency does not coincide with the frequency of light in the vicinity of the fire detector BM or light in a frequency range or a frequency.
  • the light receivers LE are set to detect only light of the frequencies of this modulated light.
  • the light source LQ can emit different frequencies, but should ideally be monochromatic.
  • the arrangement of the light receiver LE and the choice of the interference unit IE are dependent on the selected wavelength of light.
  • Figure 2 shows a typical interference pattern caused by a single gap.
  • the received maximum intensity is usually referred to as 0.
  • Maximum 2 and the other weaker intensities are referred to as 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a fire detector BM according to the invention, which was described under FIG.
  • the fire detector BM contains a measuring chamber MK with a light source LQ, an interference unit IE and at least two light receivers LE.
  • the light receivers are connected to an evaluation unit AE.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
EP06113608A 2006-05-08 2006-05-08 Détecteur d'incendie Withdrawn EP1855259A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06113608A EP1855259A1 (fr) 2006-05-08 2006-05-08 Détecteur d'incendie

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06113608A EP1855259A1 (fr) 2006-05-08 2006-05-08 Détecteur d'incendie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1855259A1 true EP1855259A1 (fr) 2007-11-14

Family

ID=37156167

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06113608A Withdrawn EP1855259A1 (fr) 2006-05-08 2006-05-08 Détecteur d'incendie

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1855259A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114184559A (zh) * 2021-10-22 2022-03-15 安徽大学 基于激光开放光路的早期室内火场预判检测装置

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2259761A (en) * 1991-09-18 1993-03-24 Graviner Ltd Kidde Smoke detector
EP0588232A1 (fr) * 1992-09-14 1994-03-23 Cerberus Ag Détecteur optique de fumée

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2259761A (en) * 1991-09-18 1993-03-24 Graviner Ltd Kidde Smoke detector
EP0588232A1 (fr) * 1992-09-14 1994-03-23 Cerberus Ag Détecteur optique de fumée

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114184559A (zh) * 2021-10-22 2022-03-15 安徽大学 基于激光开放光路的早期室内火场预判检测装置
CN114184559B (zh) * 2021-10-22 2023-08-25 安徽大学 基于激光开放光路的早期室内火场预判检测装置

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