EP1851373A1 - Machine comprenant au moins une table de feutrage, un moyen de feutrage et un moyen de trempage - Google Patents

Machine comprenant au moins une table de feutrage, un moyen de feutrage et un moyen de trempage

Info

Publication number
EP1851373A1
EP1851373A1 EP06716727A EP06716727A EP1851373A1 EP 1851373 A1 EP1851373 A1 EP 1851373A1 EP 06716727 A EP06716727 A EP 06716727A EP 06716727 A EP06716727 A EP 06716727A EP 1851373 A1 EP1851373 A1 EP 1851373A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
felting
plate
rolls
wool
soaking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06716727A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Arne H. Hveding
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hauge Lise Andrine
Original Assignee
Hauge Lise Andrine
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hauge Lise Andrine filed Critical Hauge Lise Andrine
Publication of EP1851373A1 publication Critical patent/EP1851373A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H17/00—Felting apparatus

Definitions

  • Machine comprising at least a felting table, felting means and soaking means
  • the present invention relates to a machine for felting wool and the like, according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • felted wool product is a one-coloured, plain felt, which may be cut and put together to create specific products, but the felting technique may also be used to create decorations, pictures and artistic expressions. Often coloured wool is used in the outermost layer of wool, which gives the visual impression after the felting.
  • the felting process is manual, and consists of many and work demanding steps.
  • the wool must be washed, centrifuged, dried and carded. Then it must be placed in layers on a work table, and if the finished felt is to have a pattern, this must, of course, be laid when the wool is put in place.
  • the carded wool To achieve a normal thickness of the finished felted product, the carded wool must be placed in a height of 15-20 cm. Between the wool and the work table there is generally placed a curtain of fibrous material and a fine gauze, wherein the fibrous material is closest to the table and the gauze closest to the wool.
  • the wool When the wool is put in place, it is soaked with soapy water having a temperature of 40- 6O 0 C. To ensure that the wool is not moved during the soaking, the soaking must in the beginning be carried out very carefully, and often a cup, mug or the like is used. It is not possible to use a shower directly onto the wool, as this might cause displacement of the wool, and in addition give "wave-effects" in the pattern. The height of the wool will be substantially reduced during the soaking.
  • the wool When the wool is soaking wet, it is rolled together to a cylinder, with the bast curtain as the outermost layer. The cylinder is then rolled backwards and forwards a number of times, so that the wool fibres are moved in relation to each other, and in this way they get entangled. During this process it will be necessary to unroll the material, in order to ensure that the material has not been displaced, and roll it up again in the opposite direction. More hot soapy water should also be added during the process. The longer time the rolling proceeds, the more compact the finished material will be, so that the felting must be ended when the product has the desired compactness. When the felting process itself is finished, the product is washed in tepid water and placed aside for runoff and centrifugation.
  • the felting process of today is physically demanding and time consuming, and it is characterized by repeated rolling up and rolling out from different ends of the material, and manually soaking with hot water.
  • soap By using soap the time is shortened, and some types of wool would in practice, be very hard to felt without using soap.
  • the temperature of the water also effects how fast the wool felts, as hotter water, shortens the time.
  • how hot the water can be is limited to ensure the user does not scald his/her hands.
  • the material gets chilled very fast during the felting- process.
  • the temperature may be 80-95 0 C, which gives a much faster felting.
  • Some machines developed for felting among others as described in DE 618640 and DE 2464575.
  • all known machines are large industral machines demanding a lot of place and are designed to produce goods by the yard. Besides, they are designed in such a way that the wool should be moved, and the machine should not. This is not very desirable if the felted material is to have a pattern or picture, as it can not be controlled how the pattern is moved during the felting process.
  • Wild sheep wool is little utilized today, both in felting and in other processing-processes for wool, and it is not likely that the known machines can felt this kind of wool with a satisfactory result, because it demands more processing that these are designed to give.
  • the main object of the present invention is to develop a machine which is able to perform the felting process easier and faster than the manual method of today, and that eventual patterns or pictures in the wool should not be displaced during the felting. It is another object that the machine should be able to felt "difficult raw materials" such as wild sheep wool. Finally it is an object that the machine should be time and cost efficient both when purchased and in use.
  • the invention
  • the machine according to the present invention comprises several main parts, a felting table, a felting means and a soaking means.
  • the felting table comprises principally a felting plate, underlying heating chamber(s), and water gutters for collecting superfluous water.
  • the felting plate is a plane plate where the wool to be felted is placed in layers, and where an eventual pattern is placed in the top layer.
  • the felting plate is preferably provided with holes there through, so that superfluous water can flow off through the wool, instead of moving towards the edge of the plate. Horizontal water flows will displace the wool and reduce both quality and look of the finished product. Further, it is an advantage if the surface of the felting plate is not smooth. A rough surface will positively contribute to the felting of the wool, and the wool will not be so easily displaced during the felting process.
  • the chambers are preferably designed to hold a hot medium, preferably a hot liquid, which would be the most appropriate, but of course, there might be other designs wherein the heating chambers are heating elements.
  • a hot medium preferably a hot liquid
  • the heating chambers are designed to hold hot water, and the water used during the felting is also directed into the heating chambers, so that the felting plate above is kept warm.
  • Water gutters are arranged around the felting plate, to collect superfluous water from the felting process. In most cases it will be an advantage to circulate this water instead of adding new water. The water removed from the felting plate will be hotter than new water, and thus less energy needs to be added to heat this to the temperature of the process. It is especially preferably to circulate the water when using soapy water, because the soap consumption will be reduced.
  • the water gutters surrounding the felting plate will be connected to collection pipes leading the water out of the gutters to a tank with heating. From the tank are arranged supply pipes to direct the water back to the process. It would be an advantage to place a filter upstream of the tank, to remove eventual wool detached from the felting plate and flowing with the water.
  • a felting means which comprises one or more felting rolls. These are fastened to a movable unit running along the edge of the felting table so that the rolls may be moved above the whole of the felting plate, preferably in a longitudinal direction.
  • the felting rolls should have a length corresponding to the width of the felting plate, and the unit should be movable along the whole of the felting plate, in such a way that the rolls move over the whole of the plate when the unit is moved backwards and forwards.
  • the rolls may be designed in such a way that the length corresponds with the length of the table, and that the unit is moveable crosswise of the table.
  • the felting rolls should be height adjustable, in such a way that the pressure from the rolls onto the wool can be adjusted.
  • the rolls are touching the wool, and the unit is moved along the table, the friction between the wool and the rolls makes the rolls rotate, and in this way the underlying wool gets felted.
  • the roll or rolls are provided with a rough surface, for instance with longitudinal and/or circumferential grooves. These ensures that both the felting process is faster and that one achieves a better result, at the same time as the wool is less likely to get stuck on rolls having grooves than on smooth rolls.
  • a soaking unit comprising a soaking plate, lift/sink device and preferably a vibrator.
  • the soaking plate is a planar plate with holes there through. These holes must have a given size and be at a given distance from each other. If the holes are too small, the surfacefilm of the water will prevent the water from oozing through the holes, or the water will ooze so slowly that the process becomes unnecessarily time consuming. If the holes are too large, the wool fibres facing the holes will not be exposed to pressure, and initial felting will not be achieved. Further, the distance between the holes must not be so large that the wool between the holes does not get sufficiently soaked during an acceptable period.
  • the material of the soaking plate must be smooth so that the wool does not become fastened to it. It is another advantage that the soaking plate is of a durable material so that different chemical compounds, for instance as used in coloured wool, does not destroy the soaking plate when hot water and soap is added.
  • the wool When the wool is placed on the felting plate, it should be soaked without displacing the pattern. This is done by lowering the soaking plate onto the wool, and adding water to the upper side of the soaking plate. The water will ooze through the holes, and thereby soak the wool. During this process the height of the wool will be reduced, and thus the soaking plate must be lowered continuously during the soaking. When the wool is sufficiently soaked, the soaking plate is lifted again, and the felting rolls may be moved across the wool. Further, it is an advantage that the soaking plate presses the wool, either in that the lifting/lowering device is designed in such a way that the plate can be pressed onto the wool, or that the plate has a specific weight.
  • the lifting/lowering device may be of any design satisfying the given requirements.
  • the soaking plate can be vibrated before it is lifted to the start position.
  • the vibration will start the felting, and thus the wool will let go of the plate more easily.
  • the vibration must be vertical, as horizontal vibrations may displace the pattern.
  • Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of the machine
  • Figure 2 shows one of the felting rolls in detail
  • Figure 3 shows the soaking plate from above.
  • the felting table 1 comprises a felting plate 2, a heating chamber 3 for holding hot water, and water gutters 4 surrounding the felting plate 2.
  • the felting plate 2 is placed at a distance from the heating chamber 3, in such a way that an airspace 5 is created between the chamber and the plate.
  • the felting plate is made of aluminium, which material conducts heat well, and has sufficient resistance to deformation at the temperatures used.
  • the felting plate 2 has a rough surface and a number of drain-holes 6 there through being connected to the water gutters 4.
  • the holes 6 have a diameter of ca 1 ,5 cm and are placed in rows with an internal distance in the row of ca 7 cm, and the rows are placed ca 21 cm from each other.
  • the heating chamber 3 is, as said, designed to hold hot water, and the water of the chamber is the same as the water used elsewhere in the process.
  • the heating chamber 3 is further provided with spillways (not shown) leading to the water gutters 4 around the table. These spillways may also be used for emptying and cleaning of the chamber.
  • the chamber might either be filled with hot water being swapped at given times, or it might be pumped hot water continuously. If it is pumped continuously, it will be a constant water flow through the spillways and down into the water gutters. Underneath the heating chamber there is placed a layer of insulating material 18, so that all heat goes up towards the felting plate 2.
  • a frame 7 is fastened around the felting table, to prevent water flowing onto the foundation.
  • the upper edge of the frame is ca 5 cm above the felting plate and creates an upwardly facing horizontal surface 8.
  • drain holes are arranged to take care of superfluous water.
  • the illustrated embodiment is provided with a water circulation system, and as described above, the water in the water gutters will be a part of the circulation system and be filtered, heated and directed back to the system.
  • felting rolls 9 are arranged which extend across the felting plate 2, these are supported in a rotating casing (not shown).
  • the casing is fastened to linear mechanical trolleys (not shown) running along the horizontal surface 8 of the frame 7 outside of the water gutters 4.
  • the trolleys, and thereby the casing and the rolls 9, are driven linearly forward and backward along the felting table when felting is in progress, by means of a drive unit, such as a speed regulated electrical motor (not shown).
  • a drive unit such as a speed regulated electrical motor (not shown).
  • the distance between the rolls 9 and the wool, or the pressure from the rolls onto the wool is adjustable, but the pressure must always be such that the rolls rotate when they are moved along the wool.
  • the working length of the felting means (meaning the rolls, casing and trolleys) may be adjusted according to the size of the workpiece, and the resting position may be adjusted in such a way that the finished felted material may be removed, and new wool can be placed on the felting plate.
  • the rolls are made by treading a sleeve 10 of polyurethane on the outside of aluminium pipes 11. It is an advantage if the sleeves 10 have a standardized length, and that they are substantially shorter than the length of the rolls 9. In this way one roll can be put together of several sleeves 10, and these must not necessarily have the same pattern. It will be much easier to replace the whole or parts of the sleeve, for instance because it is worn, instead of replacing the whole roll.
  • the pattern of the sleeve 10 and the roughness of the pattern influence the felting process, in that hard wool requires a coarser pattern to achieve the same felting effect on the same time. With such sleeves it is simple to change from a shallow to a rough pattern, and in practice, both pattern and roughness should be adjusted according to the type of wool and product.
  • three rolls 9 are shown above the felting plate, where two rolls are closer to the plate.
  • the casing may be rotated, and thus it can be varied which two of the three rolls are touching the wool and contributing to the felting process.
  • the rolls have different pattern on the outside, so that the two rolls contributing to the felting always have different patterns.
  • a water pipe 12 with holes, the holes being in a row on the underside of the pipe.
  • hot water is pumped to this pipe 12 when required, the water flowing out through the holes, down on the rolls 9, and further down on the wool sheet.
  • the water not absorbed by the wool sheet flows into the water gutters 4 through the drain holes 6 of the felting table.
  • the purpose of this is to maintain the temperature of the wool sheet as high as possible during the felting, and simultaneously resolving the fibre structure of the wool, in order to increase the movement between the wool fibres of the wool sheet.
  • the soaking unit is shown in detail in Figure 3, and comprises a plane soaking plate 13 with holes 14 there through. These holes have a diameter of 1,5 cm, and are placed at a distance of 1,5 cm.
  • a frame 15 ca 3 cm high, preventing added water from flowing off the plate and straight into the water gutters of the felting table.
  • This frame also provides a stiffening function, and is therefore also placed diagonally across the plate. This will also contribute to the weight of the soaking unit to exert pressure on the wool, when the soaking unit is filled with water.
  • the lifting/lowering device comprises only wires 16 at each corner of the plate and a winch (not shown).
  • a vibrator 17 This can be of any kind giving vertical vibration.
  • Wool fibres are placed in layers on the felting plate 2, in desired pattern, size and thickness.
  • the soaking unit is lowered onto the wool until it rests against it.
  • soapy water 40- 95°C, preferably 40-70°C is added to the upper side of the soaking plate 13, so that water oozes down through the holes 14.
  • the wool will gets soaked and subsides. Accordingly, the soaking unit must, if necessary, be lowered in such a way that it is always resting on the wool and not hanging in the wires. Some of the water will be superfluous and some water will flow through the wool and the drain holes 6 of the felting plate 2.
  • the drive unit is started and the rolls are moved across the felting plate 2 and the wool. Accordingly, the wool lays still on the felting plate 2, while the rolls 9 are moved across.
  • the wool fibres will be deformed by the pattern of the rolls, and when two rolls having different patterns are placed after each other, the wool fibres will alternately, repeated times, be folded one way and then the other. This creates movement between the wool fibres of the wool sheet, and thus contributes to the felting of the wool.
  • the machine comprises an electrical water heater being specially suited for heating water, preferably soapy water to the felting work, to a temperature of 80-95°C.
  • the circulation system further comprises pumps to pump water from the heater to the felting table, and for returning water flowing off the felting work during the felting process. Run off water is filtered before it flows back into the heater.
  • the operation of the felting process may be controlled electronically, in such a way that one may choose water temperature, roll-pressure, felting time etc., depending on the product and quality of wool.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une machine comprenant au moins une table de feutrage (1), un moyen de feutrage et un moyen de trempage. La table de feutrage comprend une plaque de feutrage (2), une chambre (3) sous-jacente destinée à contenir un agent chaud et des rigoles d’eau (4) entourant la plaque de feutrage. Le moyen de feutrage est disposé au-dessus de la table de feutrage (1) et comprend un ou plusieurs rouleaux rotatifs (9) ayant une surface rugueuse, les rouleaux étant fixés à une unité mobile de manière à ce qu’en cas de force de frottement, ils tournent en entrant en contact avec un objet sur la plaque de feutrage (2), en même temps que l’unité se déplace sur la table de feutrage (1). Le moyen de feutrage comprend en outre un tuyau d’eau (12) destiné à ajouter de l’eau de façon régulière sur toute la longueur du rouleau. Le moyen de trempage comprend une plaque de trempage (13) ayant des trous (14) la traversant et des dispositifs (16) pour faire monter et descendre la plaque de trempage (13) sur la plaque de feutrage (2).
EP06716727A 2005-02-18 2006-02-08 Machine comprenant au moins une table de feutrage, un moyen de feutrage et un moyen de trempage Withdrawn EP1851373A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20050889A NO20050889A (no) 2005-02-18 2005-02-18 Maskin
PCT/NO2006/000051 WO2006093414A1 (fr) 2005-02-18 2006-02-08 Machine comprenant au moins une table de feutrage, un moyen de feutrage et un moyen de trempage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1851373A1 true EP1851373A1 (fr) 2007-11-07

Family

ID=35229516

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06716727A Withdrawn EP1851373A1 (fr) 2005-02-18 2006-02-08 Machine comprenant au moins une table de feutrage, un moyen de feutrage et un moyen de trempage

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1851373A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO20050889A (fr)
WO (1) WO2006093414A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20190309454A1 (en) * 2016-11-30 2019-10-10 Philip Coates Felt production

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191503687A (en) * 1914-03-09 1915-09-23 Francois Paban Improved Manufacture of Felt Discs and Rods.
US1679100A (en) * 1927-09-15 1928-07-31 Frederick C Sturgis Rotary felting machine
US4113827A (en) * 1976-09-15 1978-09-12 Phillips Petroleum Company Method and apparatus useful in control of edge uniformity in nonwoven fabrics

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2006093414A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO321929B1 (no) 2006-07-24
NO20050889A (no) 2006-07-24
NO20050889D0 (no) 2005-02-18
WO2006093414A1 (fr) 2006-09-08

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