EP1847659B1 - Dry-laid floor of prefabricated grooved floor slabs - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves arranging interjoists between parallel reinforced concrete beams (1) that are separated from determined interval (I) and supported by a supporting structure (2). Prefabricated load-bearing slabs (40) are arranged in an adjacent manner and perpendicular to the beams for forming a dry floor (10), where each of the slabs covers two adjacent beams and rests on top of the beams. An independent claim is also included for a prefabricated dry floor comprising beams.

Description

Technical area:

The present invention relates to a prefabricated floor, said dry floor, comprising a set of prefabricated beams, parallel, spaced apart by a predetermined interval and supported by a bearing structure, and a set of prefabricated distribution slabs resting on said beams, the length of these slabs of distribution being at least equal to twice the interval between two adjacent beams.

Technical previous:

Conventionally, concrete floors or the like, having both industrial and domestic applications, are made from a set of reinforced and / or prestressed concrete beams, arranged in parallel in support on beams or load-bearing walls, and a set of interjoists arranged between the beams to close the bays, each interjoists resting on two adjacent beams. The concrete or other similar product is directly brought on site and poured on the supporting structure formed by beams and interjoists to achieve a compression slab. The operation of pouring the concrete directly on site is, therefore, time consuming, concrete, means implemented such as a mobile concrete plant, etc. In addition, this operation is subject to the vagaries of bad weather.

Different solutions have been devised to achieve a floor without compression slab, called dry floor, in order to eliminate the concrete pouring operation on site, but none is satisfactory.

A first example is described in the publication FR 2 800 111 belonging to the same applicant, in which the floor consists of concrete joists between which are closely interjoined form complementary, the assembly of these elements forming the floor. In this type of solution, the interjoists carry loads on the two adjacent beams on which they rest without distributing them over the entire floor. This disadvantage leads to unevenness of the floor, especially in the case of concentrated loads, such as at the level of the partitions. Therefore, this solution requires casting a specific screed to make up these differences in levels.

A second example is described in the publication EP 0 139 798 in which the floor consists of joists, polystyrene interstices and wooden panels covering the joists and interjoists. In this example, the interjoists are requested to crush the right beams, which is not satisfactory.

A third example is described in the publication DE 911 068 in which the floor consists of beams and slabs of constant thickness resting on the beams. A system of tenons and mortises provided respectively on the web of the beams and in the slabs makes it possible to stiffen the floor in the horizontal plane. In this example, the floor does not have a uniform surface because of the tenons and exposed mortises and does not meet the thermal requirements because of the small thickness of these slabs.

Presentation of the invention

The present invention aims to solve these problems by proposing a new dry floor, requiring no compression slab or specific screed, both in the interim phase during the construction site, and in the final phase the resulting dry floor having a uniform surface and sufficient rigidity to avoid any parasitic deformation as much under the site loads as under fixed and operating costs in the final phase, while responding to seismic and thermal constraints.

For this purpose, the invention relates to a prefabricated floor as defined in the preamble, characterized in that the distribution slabs comprise grooves of section substantially complementary to that of the beams to fit on said beams.

The distribution slabs advantageously comprise at least on their longitudinal edges complementary forms of interlocking.

These distribution slabs may have a thickness substantially equal to the height of the beams.

These distribution slabs may comprise a solid structure, hollow, honeycomb or a combination of these structures. If they are hollow or honeycombed, they can be filled with at least thermally insulating filler material.

In some embodiments, the floor may include interjoists arranged between the beams, the distribution slabs then covering the beams and interjoists. In this case, the interjoists have transverse slots and the distribution slabs have side walls able to fit into these transverse slots.

The distribution slabs may be made by extrusion or molding, in at least one material selected from the group consisting of metals and its alloys, lightweight concretes, reinforced concretes, synthetic materials, composites, or a combination of these materials.

Brief description of the drawings:

• la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un plancher sec selon l'invention,
• la figure 2 est une vue de dessous du plancher de la figure 1,
• la figure 3 est une vue agrandie en coupe du plancher de la figure 1 selon la ligne de coupe III-III,
• les figures 4A-4C sont des vues en perspective, de face et en coupe selon la ligne IV-IV d'une première forme de réalisation d'une dalle de répartition,
• les figures 5A-5C sont des vues similaires aux figures 4A-4C d'une deuxième forme de réalisation d'une dalle de répartition,
• la figure 6 est une vue en perspective d'un second mode de réalisation d'un plancher sec selon l'invention,
• la figure 7 est une vue du plancher de la figure 6 avant la pose des dalles de répartition,
• la figure 8 est une vue agrandie en coupe du plancher de la figure 6 selon la ligne de coupe VIII-VIII,
• les figures 9A-9C sont des vues en perspective, de face et en coupe selon la ligne de coupe IX-IX d'une troisième forme de réalisation d'une dalle de répartition entrant dans la réalisation du plancher de la figure 6, et
• les figures 10A-10C sont des vues similaires aux figures 9A-9C d'un entrevous isolant entrant dans la réalisation de plancher de la figure 6.

The present invention and its advantages will appear better in the following description of several embodiments given as non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

• the figure 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a dry floor according to the invention,
• the figure 2 is a bottom view of the floor of the figure 1 ,
• the figure 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the floor of the figure 1 according to section line III-III,
• the Figures 4A-4C are views in perspective, from the front and in section along line IV-IV of a first embodiment of a distribution slab,
• the Figures 5A-5C are similar views to Figures 4A-4C a second embodiment of a distribution slab,
• the figure 6 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a dry floor according to the invention,
• the figure 7 is a view of the floor of the figure 6 before laying the distribution slabs,
• the figure 8 is an enlarged sectional view of the floor of the figure 6 according to the line of section VIII-VIII,
• the Figures 9A-9C are views in perspective, in front and in section along the section line IX-IX of a third embodiment of a distribution slab used in the realization of the floor of the figure 6 , and
• the Figures 10A-10C are similar views to Figures 9A-9C an insulating interjoists entering the flooring realization of the figure 6 .

Illustrations of the invention:

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a prefabricated floor, said dry floor 10, 10 ', that is to say not requiring the casting of a concrete slab or the like on the site, the dry floor obtained being intended to all types of buildings for both domestic and industrial use. With reference to Figures 1 to 3 and 6 to 8 , the dry floor 10, 10 'comprises a set of prefabricated beams 1, preferably of reinforced and / or prestressed concrete, resting at their ends on a supporting structure 2, such as for example beams or load-bearing walls. These beams 1 are arranged parallel, spaced apart by an interval I or a predetermined pitch, delimiting spans 3. They have in the examples shown an inverted T-shaped section defining a substantially frustoconical central core 11, carried by a sole 12 forming two heels 13 on either side of the central core 11. Of course any other section of beams 1 may be suitable, as well as any other material.

The manufacturing method consists in covering these beams 1 with prefabricated distribution slabs 30-50, disposed adjacently and resting on the top of said beams 1, the longitudinal direction of these slabs 30-50 being perpendicular to the beams 1, in the measure where these slabs are longer than they are wide. This mounting principle makes it possible to distribute the loads of the dry floor 10, 10 'uniformly over all the beams 1, to avoid the problems of flatness defects and to improve the mechanical characteristics of the floor. These distribution slabs 30-50 have a length L greater than the gap I between two adjacent beams 1 and for example equal to substantially three times this gap I in order to bear on four adjacent beams 1, as illustrated in FIG. figure 1 . This example of length L is not limiting. The distribution slabs 30-50 may be aligned with each other or staggered as in the figures. They may also include complementary interlocking shapes on their longitudinal edges to be able to fit into each other as explained below, so as to ensure lateral retention of the slabs therebetween.

In the dry floor 10 Figures 1 to 3 the distribution slabs 30-40 are placed directly on the beams 1 without interjoists, unlike the dry floor 10 'of the Figures 6 to 8 in which the spans 3 are filled by placing prior to the distribution slabs 50 interjoists 60 including insulating. The distribution slabs 30-40 used in the manufacture of this first embodiment of dry floor 10 can be in various forms.

In the example shown in Figures 4A-4C , the distribution slab 30 is profiled and has a thickness substantially equal to the height of the beams 1. It comprises in the lower part, parallel grooves 31 of section substantially complementary to the section of the beams 1, these grooves 31 being transverse to the the longitudinal direction of the slabs 30. In the illustrated example, it comprises two grooves 31 solid in the middle part and two half-grooves 31 at the ends of the distribution slab 30, these grooves 31 being spaced apart from the interval I. in its construction, the distribution slab 30 rests on the top of the beams 1, at least partially fills the spans 3 defined between the beams 1 and extends to the heel 13 of these beams 1. The distribution slabs 30 being nested on the beams 1 give the floor 10 rigidity in the horizontal plane, improving the anti-seismic characteristics of the construction. The distribution slab 30 comprises an open structure formed of a flat upper face 36 and two lateral faces 37, and is partitioned by four parallel inner walls 38 inverted T reinforcing the strength of the slab. Any other form may be suitable. It is obtained by machining, molding and / or extruding concrete and / or synthetic materials, composites, metals or a combination of these materials, and is filled by a filling material 35 closing the structure, such as for example an expanded polystyrene or the like, having in particular good thermal insulation performance. It comprises on one of its longitudinal edges a longitudinal rib 32 and on the opposite edge a longitudinal groove 33, of complementary dimensions to be able to fit into a longitudinal groove 33 and a longitudinal rib 32 of adjacent identical distribution slabs 30.

In the example shown in Figures 5A-5C , the distribution slab 40 is structured and has a thickness greater than the height of the beams 1. It comprises, in its lower part, parallel grooves 41 of section substantially complementary to the section of the beams 1, oriented transversely to the length slabs 40. In the example shown, it comprises two grooves 41 solid in the middle part and two half-grooves 41 at the ends of the distribution slab 40, these grooves 41 being spaced apart from the gap I. Thanks to its construction , the distribution slab 40 rests on the top of the beams 1, at least partially fills the spans 3 defined between the beams 1 and extends to the base of the beams 1. As in the previous example, the slabs of distribution 40 being nested on the beams 1 give the floor 10 a rigidity in the horizontal plane, improving the anti-seismic characteristics of the construction. The distribution slab 40 has an upper face 46 and a lower face 47 planes and an inner honeycomb structure, the lower face 47 stopping at the heels 13 of the beams 1. It also has two side faces 48 which extend to at the base of the sole 12 of the beams 1. It is obtained by machining, molding and / or extrusion of concrete and / or synthetic material, composite, metal or a combination of these materials, and can be filled or not with a material 45, for example an expanded polystyrene or the like, having in particular good insulation performance thermal. It comprises on one of its longitudinal edges a longitudinal rib 42 and on the opposite edge a longitudinal groove 43, of complementary dimensions to be able to fit into a longitudinal groove 43 and a longitudinal rib 42 of adjacent identical distribution slabs 40. It also has on its upper face 46 running grooves 44 for passages of ducts.

To achieve the dry floor 10 shown in Figures 1 to 3 , on a load-bearing structure 2 for example, two load-bearing walls, only one of which is shown, a set of beams 1 with a regular and predetermined interval as a function of the load of the floor. The distribution slabs 40, such as those illustrated in FIGS. Figures 5A-5C , perpendicular to the beams 1, by connecting the beams 1 the grooves 41 provided in the slabs. Of course, the positioning of these grooves 41 is determined precisely according to the mounting scheme of the distribution slabs 40 relative to the beams 1. In this case, the distribution slabs 40 are arranged staggered further improving the distribution of floor loads on the set of beams 1. When laying the distribution slabs 40, they are fitted into each other at their longitudinal edges to make an assembly. The distribution slabs 40 have a length L such that they cover three adjacent intervals 1 and rest on the top of four adjacent beams 1, the support of the slab on the two end beams 1 being limited to half a support to allow the installation of the next distribution slab 40. The figure 2 shows the underside of the dry floor 10 obtained which delimits square-shaped voids 4 between the beams 1 and the lateral faces 48 of the distribution slabs 40. figure 3 illustrates in detail the end of a beam 1 resting on a bearing wall 2, the distribution slab 40 which descends to the base of the beams 1, the side face 48 closing the space between the beam 1 and the wall carrier 2, and the assembly of adjacent distribution slabs 40 by interlocking longitudinal ribs 42 in the grooves longitudinal 43. After assembly and assembly of distribution slabs 40, the ends of the beams 1 are sealed with respect to the supporting structure 2 for example by means of a reinforcement and a pouring of concrete seal or by any other known method. The dry floor 10 is finished and is ready to receive any type of dressing according to the interior decoration.

In the dry floor 10 'of Figures 6 to 8 , the distribution slabs 50 are placed on the beams 1 and on interjoists 60, including insulating, filling the spans 3. The distribution slabs 50 and the interjoists 60 involved in the manufacture of this second embodiment of dry floor 10 'are complementary.

The interjoists 60 consists of a block of thermally insulating material, obtained for example by molding synthetic or composite materials, such as a concrete / wood mixture, expanded polystyrene, etc. It has a width less than the interval I and its height does not exceed the top of the beams 1. It comprises two spoilers 61 able to bear on the heels 13 of two adjacent beams 1, and a cover tongue 62 suitable for styling the underside of one of the beams 1. It has in its upper part transverse slots 63 parallel arranged at a regular space E to receive by interlocking the distribution slabs 50. It has two transverse slots 63 full in its central part and two half transverse slits 63 at its ends. These transverse slots 63 stop before the spoilers 61 to avoid creating break primers in the interjoists 60.

The distribution slab 50 consists of an inverted U-shaped plate or plate obtained by folding, machining, molding and / or extruding concrete and / or synthetic, composite or metallic materials or a combination of these materials. It defines a flat top wall 51 and two side walls 52 at right angles. Its width is equal to the space E between the transverse slots 63 so that the side walls 52 of two adjacent distribution slabs 50 fit side by side in These transverse slots 63. The length of the distribution slab 50 extends over three intervals 1 and covers four beams 1. Other shapes and dimensions may be suitable. It comprises, in its side walls 52, notches 53 in correspondence, of complementary section to that of the core 11 of the beams 1. It comprises two notches 53 full in its central part and two half-notches 53 at its ends.

To achieve the dry floor 10 'shown in Figures 6 to 8 , on a load-bearing structure 2 for example, two load-bearing walls, only one of which is shown, a set of beams 1 with a regular and predetermined interval as a function of the load of the floor. Between each pair of joists 1 are then interjoists 60, such as those illustrated in FIGS. Figures 10A-C , laid end to end on each side on the heel 13 of the beams 1 to fill the spans 3 as shown in FIG. figure 7 . Finally, the distribution slabs 50, such as those illustrated in FIGS. Figures 9A-9C , perpendicularly to the beams 1, by connecting the beams 1, the notches 53 and fitting the side walls 52 of the slabs in the transverse slots 63 interjoists 60. Of course, the positioning of the notches 53 is determined precisely according to the diagram In this case, the distribution slabs 50 are arranged in staggered rows further improving the distribution of the loads of the floor over all the beams 1. The distribution slabs 50 have a length As they cover three adjacent I intervals and rest on the top of four adjacent beams 1, the support of the slab on the two end beams 1 being limited to a half-support to allow the installation of the slab of next 50 distribution. The figure 8 illustrates in detail the end of a beam 1 resting on a load-bearing wall 2, the interjoists 60 placed end-to-end and the distribution slabs 50 nested side by side in the interjoists 60. The covering tabs 62 of the interjoists 60 allow to close the space between the beam 1 and the load-bearing wall 2. After assembly and assembly of intervous 60 and slabs of distribution 50, the ends of the beams 1 are sealed with respect to the supporting structure 2 by means of, for example, a reinforcement and a pouring of sealing concrete or by any other known method. The dry floor 10 'is finished and is ready to receive any type of dressing according to the interior decoration.

In any case, it is possible to supplement these dry floors 10, 10 'with a thermal and / or phonic insulation in the form of, for example, a coating integrated with the distribution slabs or a sheet of material interposed between the beams. and the distribution slabs.

Possibilities of industrial application:

All the components of these dry floors 10, 10 'are prefabricated in the factory according to industrial processes that control their manufacture. As a result, this new manufacturing process allows the mechanical characteristics of the floor to be controlled and independent of site hazards. The implementation of the floor on site consists only of an assembly of the various components, this implementation being greatly simplified and shortened, and no longer subject to the vagaries of bad weather.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described but extends to any modification and variation obvious to a person skilled in the art while remaining within the scope of protection defined in the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. Prefabricated, so-called dry floor (10, 10') including a set of parallel beams (1) carried by a load-bearing structure (2) and a set of prefabricated load-bearing slabs (30-50) resting on said beams so that their longitudinal direction is perpendicular to said beams (1), the length of these load-bearing slabs being at least equal to twice the interval (I) between two adjacent beams (1), characterized in that the load-bearing slabs (30, 40, 50) comprise grooves (31, 41, 53) with a cross-section substantially complementary to that of the beams (1) so as to fit on said beams.
2. Floor according to claim 1, characterized in that the load-bearing slabs (30-40) comprise at least on their longitudinal edges complementary fitting shapes (32, 33, 42, 43).
3. Floor according to claim 1, characterized in that the load-bearing slabs (30, 40) have a thickness substantially equal to the height of the beams (1).
4. Floor according to claim 3, characterized in that the load-bearing slabs (30, 40) have a structure chosen in the group including the full, hollow, honeycomb structures, or a combination of these structures.
5. Floor according to claim 4, characterized in that the hollow or honeycomb load-bearing slabs (30, 40) are filled up with a filling material (35, 45).
6. Floor according to claim 5, characterized in that the filling material (35, 45) is at least a thermal insulant.
7. Floor (10') according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises filling members (60) designed to be arranged between the beams (1), the load-bearing slabs (50) covering said beams (1) and said filling members (60).
8. Floor according to claim 7, characterized in that said filling members (60) comprise transversal grooves (63) and said load-bearing slabs (50) comprise lateral walls (52) that can be fit in said transversal grooves (63).
9. Floor according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that the load-bearing slabs (30-50) are manufactured by extrusion or molding, out of at least one material chosen in the group including the metals and their alloys, the lightweight concretes, the reinforced concretes, the synthetic or composite materials, or a combination of these materials.

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