EP1836440B1 - Dispositif d'alimentation de combustibles derives de dechets dans des appareils de combustion - Google Patents

Dispositif d'alimentation de combustibles derives de dechets dans des appareils de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1836440B1
EP1836440B1 EP06700768.2A EP06700768A EP1836440B1 EP 1836440 B1 EP1836440 B1 EP 1836440B1 EP 06700768 A EP06700768 A EP 06700768A EP 1836440 B1 EP1836440 B1 EP 1836440B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
mixing chamber
rdf
air
compressed air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP06700768.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1836440A1 (fr
Inventor
Giuseppe Natta
Italo Romanoni
Roberto Di Salvo
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A2A Ambiente SpA
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A2A Ambiente SpA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/12—Waste feed arrangements using conveyors
    • F23G2205/121—Screw conveyor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/20—Waste feed arrangements using airblast or pneumatic feeding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/50212—Extruding waste before combustion

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for feeding refuse-derived fuels (RDF) to combustion apparatuses, such as for example incinerators and cement kilns, where they integrate traditional fossil fuel.
  • RDF refuse-derived fuels
  • the RFD to which the device can be applied are typically fuels obtained from municipal solid waste (MSW) by milling, mechanical screening, biodrying and refining but also other fuels derived from biomasses or from treatments of animal waste.
  • MSW Municipal solid waste
  • the device can be applied to feed low-density waste with controlled particle size in energy-using systems.
  • Feeding solid fuels in combustion apparatuses is one of the most important factors in ensuring regular operation of combustion systems.
  • feeding and dosage of the fuel by means of screw feeders and subsequent transfer by pneumatic conveyance with air to the burner or combustion chamber is one of the most widely used techniques if solids suitable for pneumatic conveyance are available and the requirements of the combustion plant demand this.
  • a typical case is feeding coal to power stations, to cement kilns but also the combustion of unconventional fuels, such as sawdust, finely milled biomasses, animal flours or fuels derived from municipal solid waste (MSW).
  • unconventional fuels such as sawdust, finely milled biomasses, animal flours or fuels derived from municipal solid waste (MSW).
  • the normally used method even in the absence of subsequent pneumatic conveyance, consists in forming a plug of compacted material that isolates the screw feeder from the rest of the apparatus.
  • US-4996930 discloses a system for feeding contaminated soil to an incinerator that is at a different pressure, particularly at a slight vacuum, with respect to the environment.
  • the goal is therefore to maintain the combustion plant in partial vacuum, reducing the seepage of air from the outside inward.
  • the plug is formed by the agglomeration of the material, which being contaminated soil has a high density and a strong tendency to pack against the final blade of the double-helix screw feeder.
  • FR-A-2552 206 discloses a device for burning waste in a grill oven, with the aim of a good distribution of the material on the combustion grill.
  • This device is constituted by a barrel with a shaft provided with a screw feeder for conveyance and compression, which discharges onto a rotor that breaks up and propels the waste onto the grill.
  • the barrel is constituted by a cylindrical chamber, which assumes a converging frustum-like shape in the end part, with the purpose of providing a plug of material.
  • US-4803836 discloses a system for feeding material that can be extruded to a pressurized combustion chamber, typically powdered coal to the high-pressure combustion plant of a gas turbine.
  • the material is forced in the output slot between the barrel and the conical part of the shaft.
  • the patented machine is typically an extruder for high pressures, with a frustoconical shaft in the end part, which provides the obstacle for compacting the powder.
  • EP0953525 discloses a device which consists of an hopper unit which contains the construction material.
  • a screw conveyor powered by a motor feeds the material to an assembly section.
  • the assembly section is enclosed by a tube which is compressed by a gas or fluid.
  • the device is not adapted to feed RDF and the compacting system is constituted by a flexible membrane rather than a diverging tube. There is no mixing chamber.
  • US4473327 discloses an apparatus for injecting pulverulent material, such as concrete, into a conveying pipe under a higher pressure by means of a worm mounted in overhead manner in a casing, which conveys against a check valve. Between the worm and check valve is provided a chamber which widens in the conveying direction, which on the one hand prevents any clogging of the conveyed material due to a wedging action in the conveying direction and on the other hand ensures that in the case of a stoppage when an inadequate amount of material is supplied a seal is formed in said area because in the widening chamber the material to be conveyed is compressed and forced back counter to the conveying direction. There is no mixing chamber and no fan for the pneumatic conveyance of the cement.
  • US-4138162 discloses an apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1, for piped conveyance of material such as a concrete mixture.
  • the material is introduced into a conveyor pipe where it is caused to pass through a blocking section located upstream of a location where compressed air is introduced into the conveyor pipe.
  • a blocking section which has an increasing through-flow area in the conveying direction, a material plug is formed by the action of compressed air introduced at the downstream end thereof.
  • the plug seals in a direction upstream and is at its downstream end continuously broken up and blown downstream by means of compressed air. There is no mixing chamber and no fan.
  • the pipe is not inclined.
  • DE-3228468 discloses a conveying device, for conveying coal dust or the like solid fuel, equipped with a metering device and also with a container containing the fuel.
  • the metering device has a metering screw engaging in the available fuel.
  • the apparatus has an intermediate feed container which has a loosening device for the fuel.
  • the worm wheels of the metering screw can also be constructed with a pitch which increases upwards.
  • a retaining space for the fuel is provided between the uppermost screw turn of the worm wheel and a mixing channel of a metering housing of the metering device. Space is thus created, for example to make a larger quantity of fuel available for an air pulse.
  • US-4881862 discloses a screw seal for conveying bulk particulate solids between spaces at differing gas pressures with minimal leakage of gas.
  • a tubular housing encloses a screw conveyor section and a sealing section receiving the solids and forming a sealing plug.
  • the sealing section has a divergent configuration that functions in combination with friction to create sufficient solids pressure with minimal driving torque and wear on the screw conveyor.
  • the cited prior art devices are not suitable to feed a material such as RDF by pneumatic conveyance or are not free from the same drawbacks mentioned earlier.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a device that overcomes the drawbacks of the cited prior art.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a device for feeding RDF or similar fuels to combustion apparatuses by using pneumatic conveyance.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a device that is capable of ensuring high reliability and durability, at the same time ensuring the uniformity of pneumatic conveyance to combustion.
  • a device for feeding refuse-derived fuels, or RDF, to combustion apparatuses comprising a motorized screw feeder inserted in a diverging conical seal tube, a mixing chamber associated with the larger end of said diverging tube, and a pneumatic conveyance outlet associated with said mixing chamber, wherein said RDF is fed into said diverging tube through a supply hopper, said mixing chamber is fed with said RDF by means of said screw, said mixing chamber is also fed with compressed air that mixes with said RDF and said compressed air may exit and convey said RDF through said outlet, characterized in that said diverging tube is inclined at 30° with respect to the horizontal and in that the surface of said frustum-shaped sealing tube is mirror-finished, so as to facilitate the flow of the material compressed by the air toward said mixing chamber.
  • a device according to the invention includes a screw feeder 2, which is driven by an electric motor 3, which transfers the material fed in a hopper 4.
  • the material accumulates in a conical sealing tube 5, where due to the pressure of the air that is present in a mixing chamber 6 it is compacted so as to reach a density of approximately 0.4-0.5 kg/m 3 , so as to ensure a load loss that is sufficient to avoid or reduce air seepage.
  • the surface of the frustum-shaped sealing tube is mirror-finished because, contrary to what is known from the prior art, it is not necessary to have rough surfaces, grooves or flow breakers in order to contrast the rotation of the plug, but rather it is necessary to facilitate the flow of the material compressed by the air toward the mixing chamber.
  • the length of the frustum-shaped tube is typically 3-5 diameters and the smooth internal surface is preferably hardened in order to minimize wear.
  • the mixing chamber 6 is coupled by virtue of a flange on the end part of the frustum-shaped tube 5 and is fed with compressed air at pressures of approximately 0.1-0.3 bar.
  • a fan 7 is installed in the mixing chamber 6 and is driven by an electric motor 8 in order to finely disperse the material in the conveyance air and break up any lumps.
  • the air enters the chamber in a port 9 and exits from a port 10 connected to the conveyance tube.
  • the device according to the invention can be constituted for example as follows.
  • a device 1 for feeding 2500 kg/h of RDF with an average particle diameter of 2.5 cm, a poured density of 75 kg/m 3 , a humidity content of 17% by weight and a heat value of approximately 4000 kcal/kg is constituted by a screw feeder numeral 2, which is 1000 mm long and has a diameter of 300 mm and is driven by a 15-kW electric motor 3, which turns at 50 rpm and is provided with a loading hopper 4.
  • the diverging frustum-shaped tube 5 is 1000 mm long and has the same diameter as the screw feeder 2 in the part that is connected to the screw feeder and a taper of 2°.
  • the mixing chamber 6 is provided with a fan that is driven by a 5-kW motor and with an intake tube 9 and a discharge tube 10 for the air, which has a diameter of 100 mm.
  • the device is inclined at 30° with respect to the horizontal.
  • Pneumatic conveyance is started by operating the fan 7 and opening the tube 10, which is connected to a combustion system.
  • the invention achieves the intended aim and objects, providing a device for feeding RDF or similar fuels to combustion apparatuses by using pneumatic conveyance, with high reliability and durability and at the same time ensuring uniformity of the pneumatic conveyance to combustion.
  • the duct is constituted by an inverted frustum-shaped tube that has a taper of 1-3°, compaction of the material is facilitated and a consistency that is proportional to the air pressure is reached therefore with an operation that is the opposite of the background art.
  • the frustum-shaped tube must be filled completely, and for this purpose the entire device must be inclined at 30°, so that the screw feeder transfers therein the material that will constitute the barrier against the seepage of air in the opposite direction with respect to the stream of material.
  • the materials used, as well as the dimensions, may be any according to requirements and to the state and the art.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Dispositif (1) pour alimenter en combustibles dérivés des déchets, ou CDD, les appareils de combustion, comprenant un alimentateur à vis motorisé (2) inséré dans un tube d'étanchéité divergent conique (5), une trémie d'alimentation (4), une chambre de mélange (6) associée à la plus grande extrémité dudit tube divergent (5), un orifice (9) pour l'air comprimé et une sortie de transport pneumatique (10) associée à ladite chambre de mélange (6), dans lequel ledit CDD peut être alimenté dans ledit tube divergent (5) à travers une trémie d'alimentation (4), ladite chambre de mélange peut être alimentée avec ledit CDD au moyen de ladite vis (2), ladite chambre de mélange (6) pouvant également être alimentée en air comprimé se mélangeant avec ledit CDD et ledit air comprimé peut sortir et transporter ledit CDD à travers ladite sortie (10), caractérisé en ce que ledit tube divergent (5) est incliné à 30° par rapport à l'horizontale et en ce que la surface dudit tube d'étanchéité en forme de tronc de cône (5) est polie de manière à faciliter l'écoulement du matériel comprimé par l'air vers ladite chambre de mélange (6).
  2. Dispositif (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite chambre de mélange (6) comprend un ventilateur (7).
  3. Dispositif (1) selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit alimentateur à vis (2) est actionné par un moteur électrique (3) qui transfère le matériel alimenté par ladite trémie (4).
  4. Dispositif (1) selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit matériel s'accumule dans ledit tube conique d'étanchéité (5), où suite à la pression dudit air comprimé présent dans ladite chambre de mélange (6), il est compacté de manière à atteindre une densité de 0,4 à 0,5 kg/m3, de manière à assurer une perte de charge suffisante pour éviter ou réduire les infiltrations d'air.
  5. Dispositif (1) selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la longueur dudit tube (5) est de 3 à 5 fois le diamètre dudit tube (5).
  6. Dispositif (1) selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite chambre de mélange (6) est couplée sur la partie d'extrémité dudit tube (5) au moyen d'une bride.
  7. Dispositif (1) selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite chambre de mélange (6) est alimentée en air comprimé à des pressions de 0,1 à 0,3 bars.
  8. Dispositif (1) selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que dans ladite chambre de mélange (6) se trouve un ventilateur (7) entraîné par un moteur électrique (8), le ventilateur (7) est adapté pour disperser finement le matériel dans l'air de transport et pour briser tous les morceaux.
  9. Dispositif (1) selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'air comprimé pénètre dans ladite chambre à partir d'un orifice d'admission (9) et sort d'un orifice de décharge (10) relié à un tube de transport.
  10. Dispositif (1) selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que pour alimenter 2500 kg/h de CDD ayant un diamètre moyen de particule de 2,5 cm, une densité apparente de 75 kg/m3, une teneur en humidité de 17% en poids et d'une valeur calorifique d'environ 4000 kcal/kg, il comprend un alimentateur à vis (2) de 1000 mm de longueur, de diamètre 300 mm, et il est entraîné par un moteur électrique (3) de 15 kW tournant à 50 tours par minute.
  11. Dispositif (1) selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le tube en forme de tronc de cône divergent (5) a une longueur de 1000 mm et a le même diamètre que l'alimentateur à vis (2), dans la partie connectée audit alimentateur à vis (2) et une conicité de 2°.
  12. Dispositif (1) selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite chambre de mélange (6) est pourvue d'un ventilateur (7) entraîné par un moteur de 5 kW (8) et d'un tube pour l'admission et l'évacuation de l'air, qui a un diamètre de 100 mm.
EP06700768.2A 2005-01-14 2006-01-11 Dispositif d'alimentation de combustibles derives de dechets dans des appareils de combustion Active EP1836440B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000036A ITMI20050036A1 (it) 2005-01-14 2005-01-14 Dispositivo per l'alimentazione di combustibili derivati dai rifiuti cdr ad impianti di combustione
PCT/EP2006/000170 WO2006074907A1 (fr) 2005-01-14 2006-01-11 Dispositif d'alimentation de combustibles derives de dechets dans des appareils de combustion

Publications (2)

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EP1836440A1 EP1836440A1 (fr) 2007-09-26
EP1836440B1 true EP1836440B1 (fr) 2018-08-01

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EP (1) EP1836440B1 (fr)
IT (1) ITMI20050036A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006074907A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL2200915T3 (pl) * 2007-10-18 2013-12-31 Basf Se Sposób zwilżania materiału w postaci cząstek
EP2992269B1 (fr) * 2013-04-29 2018-08-08 Alucha Management B.V. Système d'alimentation pour réacteur, système de pyrolyse comprenant un tel système d'alimentation et procédé de pyrolyse utilisant ledit système
CN111692592B (zh) * 2020-06-09 2022-04-19 浙江红狮环保股份有限公司 一种水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾的方法

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US3865053A (en) * 1974-04-17 1975-02-11 Bruce Alan Kolze Particulate waste product firing system
US4184436A (en) * 1975-08-14 1980-01-22 Roland Palm Chip-firing unit
SE399734B (sv) * 1976-07-05 1978-02-27 Stabilator Ab Sett och anordning for rortransport av material
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JPS608616A (ja) * 1983-06-28 1985-01-17 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 流動床ボイラの給炭装置
DE3711323A1 (de) * 1986-10-22 1988-05-05 Moeller Hamburg Gmbh Co Kg Verfahren und anordnung zum pneumatischen foerdern von feinkoernigen feststoffen in den feuerraum eines kessels
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WO2006074907A1 (fr) 2006-07-20
EP1836440A1 (fr) 2007-09-26
ITMI20050036A1 (it) 2006-07-15

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