EP1834699A1 - Düsenvorrichtung für thermisches spritzen und ausrüstung für thermisches spritzen - Google Patents

Düsenvorrichtung für thermisches spritzen und ausrüstung für thermisches spritzen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1834699A1
EP1834699A1 EP06702045A EP06702045A EP1834699A1 EP 1834699 A1 EP1834699 A1 EP 1834699A1 EP 06702045 A EP06702045 A EP 06702045A EP 06702045 A EP06702045 A EP 06702045A EP 1834699 A1 EP1834699 A1 EP 1834699A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
thermal spraying
gas
particles
velocity
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Application number
EP06702045A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1834699A4 (de
Inventor
Tsuyoshi Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho ODA
Toshiya Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho MIYAKE
Hideo Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho HATA
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1834699A1 publication Critical patent/EP1834699A1/de
Publication of EP1834699A4 publication Critical patent/EP1834699A4/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/168—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed with means for heating or cooling after mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1404—Arrangements for supplying particulate material
    • B05B7/1463—Arrangements for supplying particulate material the means for supplying particulate material comprising a gas inlet for pressurising or avoiding depressurisation of a powder container
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/123—Spraying molten metal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a thermal spraying nozzle device, as well as a thermal spraying system, wherein with use of gas a thermal spraying material is atomized and brought into collision with a base material to form a film or a deposition layer.
  • a thermal spraying process has been known as a technique of heating a coating material and the resulting melted or half-melted fine particles are brought into collision at high speed with the surface of a base material to form a film.
  • a film can be formed on any material insofar as the material can be melted.
  • the film formed can satisfy various conditions required in surface treatment, including abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance and heat insulating property, and is therefore utilized widely in various fields.
  • a spraying material is brought into collision with a base material as a supersonic flow together with inert gas and as it is in a solid phase without being melted or gasified, to form a film.
  • the cold spraying method is advantageous in that there occurs no thermal change in characteristics of the material and that it is possible to suppress oxidation in the resulting film.
  • Fig. 32 shows a schematic construction of a cold spraying system.
  • high pressure gas supplied from a gas source 30 is branched into two pipes 31 and 32.
  • the gas as a main flow in the pipe 31 is heated by a gas heater 33, while the remaining gas flowing in the pipe 32 is introduced into a powder supply unit 34.
  • the gas heated by the gas heater 33 is introduced into a chamber 36 through a pipe 35, while the powder supply unit 34 supplies powder particles to the chamber 36 through a pipe 37.
  • the present invention has been accomplished in view of the above-mentioned problems involved in the conventional spraying systems and provides a thermal spraying nozzle device and a thermal spraying system both able to supply a thermal spraying material at a constant rate and control the state of a film or a deposit.
  • the thermal spraying nozzle device is, in the gist thereof, a thermal spraying nozzle device wherein carrier gas is introduced from an inlet side of a nozzle to form a supersonic gas flow and a thermal spraying material is atomized and ejected by the gas flow, the thermal spraying nozzle device comprising, a storage section storing molten metal as the thermal spraying material connected to an end on the inlet side of the nozzle through a connecting pipe, and, the nozzle having a throat portion and a divergent region in a downstream of the throat portion toward an outlet side to form the supersonic gas flow, wherein the thermal spraying nozzle device is configured such that metal particles atomized by the supersonic gas flow are cooled to a solidified or semi-solidified state in the divergent region and then ejecting in a predetermined direction from the outlet side of the nozzle.
  • a molten metal outlet pipe is extended from the storage section toward the center in the throat portion or the center on the downstream side of the throat portion and an outside portion of the molten metal outlet pipe constitutes a channel for the carrier gas to flow therethrough in an accelerated state.
  • a divergent angle of the divergent region formed on the downstream side of the throat portion is not larger than 15° in terms of a half-cone angle.
  • the length of the divergent region is a flight distance until solidification or semi-solidification of the atomized metal particles and is determined on the basis of a flight distance which is determined by modeling both flight distance of the atomized metal particles and the temperature of the metal particles. More specifically, the flight distance until solidification or semi-solidification of the atomized metal particles is determined by first determining a flight time until change of the atomized metal particles into a solidified or semi-solidified state and then substituting the said flight time into the following expression, and the length of the divergent region, in the gist thereof, is set to a length of not shorter than the said flight distance:
  • I f u g ⁇ t f - u g 2 ⁇ ⁇ g ⁇ t f + ⁇ s ⁇ d s ⁇ a g u g 2 ⁇ ⁇ g ⁇ u g 2 ⁇ ⁇ s ⁇ d s ⁇ a g u g 2 ⁇ ⁇ g ⁇ t f + ⁇ s ⁇ d s ⁇ a g + ⁇ s ⁇ d s ⁇ a g u g ⁇ g
  • l f is the flight distance of the particles
  • t f is the flight time until solidification or semi-solidification of the particles
  • u g is flow velocity of gas
  • ⁇ g is gas density
  • ⁇ s particle density
  • d s particle diameter
  • a g is sound velocity of gas.
  • an inlet pressure of the carrier gas is po and a nozzle outlet pressure thereof is P B
  • the carrier gas is introduced into the nozzle in a state in which the inlet pressure Po satisfies the following expression:
  • the thermal spraying system in the gist thereof, comprises the thermal spraying nozzle device constructed as above, a carrier gas supply unit connected to the nozzle through a conduit to introduce the carrier gas under pressure into the nozzle, a sealed chamber accommodating the nozzle and a base material for collision therewith of the ejected particles, and pressure reducing means for reducing the internal pressure of the sealed chamber.
  • the thermal spraying system in the gist thereof, comprises the thermal spraying nozzle device constructed as above, a molten metal supply unit connected to the storage section through a connecting pipe to supply molten metal under pressure continuously to the molten metal in the storage section, and a base material supply unit for continuous supply of the base material.
  • the present invention is advantageous in that the thermal spraying material can be supplied constantly and that it is possible to control the state of a film or a deposit.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a basic construction of a thermal spraying nozzle device according to the present invention.
  • the thermal spraying nozzle device shown in the same figure and indicated at 1 supplies molten metal M directly into a supersonic nozzle (hereinafter referred to simply as "nozzle") 2.
  • gas flows at a supersonic velocity, while the molten metal supplied into the nozzle 2 flows at low speed.
  • a shearing force acts between the two and so does a surface tension of the molten metal, whereby the molten metal is atomized downstream of a throat portion 2a of the nozzle 2.
  • Atomized metal particles (hereinafter referred to simply as "particles”) are accelerated within the nozzle 2 and are cooled rapidly into a solidified state.
  • the throat portion 2a wherein the atomizing process is performed and a divergent region 2b wherein a flying/cooling process follows the atomizing process are formed integrally with each other.
  • the particles ejected from the nozzle 2 just after solidification come into collision with a base material 3 at a velocity of about 450 m/s.
  • the particles generate heat due to deformation caused by the collision and a portion thereof rise in temperature up to a level of the melting point thereof or higher, whereby the particles adhere to the base material 3 (see the impact depositing process in the figure).
  • the numeral 4 in the figure denotes a storage section for storing the molten metal M, the storage section 4 having a connecting pipe 4a communicating with the nozzle 2.
  • a front end portion of the connecting pipe 4a is extended as a molten metal outlet pipe 4b toward the center of a cylindrical hole of the throat portion 2a and accelerated carrier gas flows over the outer periphery of the molten metal outlet pipe 4b.
  • the principle of collision of solidified particles against the base material 3 is the same as in the conventional cold spraying. That is, collided particles undergo a marked plastic deformation and are depressed like a crater, affording a compact void-free structure within a film (or a deposit layer). Therefore, a molding material thus formed with the film need not be subjected to HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) as a post-treatment, i.e., application of pressure to remove remaining voids.
  • HIP Hot Isostatic Pressing
  • nitrogen gas as carrier gas (hereinafter referred to simply as "gas") for generating a supersonic gas flow
  • gas nitrogen gas as carrier gas
  • the particles are solidified within only 1 ms as a flight time thereof through the nozzle 2, it is possible to prevent the progress of nitriding.
  • molten metal is used as the thermal spraying material and the particles thereof are brought into collision with the base material 3 at a temperature slightly lower than the solidifying point thereof. Therefore, in comparison with cold spraying, even when the collision is performed at a low Mach number (e.g., a Mach number of 2 or so), the surface temperature of the base material 3 reaches a level of not lower than the melting point and thus the particles can be adhered positively to the base material 3.
  • the Mach number means gas velocity/sound velocity.
  • the nozzle 2 has a nozzle length of the expanded portion set at 100 mm or more and is configured so as to operate in a state in which a total carrier gas pressure po satisfies the following expression (1):
  • p 0 total carrier gas pressure (throat upstream-side inlet pressure)
  • p B throat outlet back pressure
  • M Mach number in the thermal spraying material melting section
  • ⁇ specific heat ratio of the carrier gas
  • the Mach number M is associated with a sectional area A* of the throat portion 6 and an intra-nozzle enlarged sectional area A.
  • the enlarged sectional area includes a conical enlarged portion of a gradually increasing diameter from the narrowest portion A* as the throat portion toward the downstream side, as shown in Fig. 2(a), and an enlarged portion whose diameter suddenly increases from the narrowest portion A* toward the downstream side and then becomes nearly constant, as shown in Fig. 2(b).
  • a A * 1 M [ ( ⁇ - 1 ) M 2 + 2 ⁇ + 1 ⁇ ] ⁇ + 1 2 ⁇ ⁇ - 1
  • a particle diameter of the aluminum alloy after atomization is about 20 ⁇ m.
  • the particles after atomization undergo both accelerating and cooling actions by a supersonic gas flow and are eventually ejected from the nozzle 2 while having a supersonic velocity.
  • the said acceleration and cooling can be estimated by numerical analysis. More particularly, a mass, momentum and energy conservation expression as a quasi-one-dimensional compressive fluid conservation type representation is solved by making an expression (4) simultaneous with a particles motion equation (6).
  • e 6 ⁇ m ⁇ s ⁇ s ⁇ u s ⁇ d s Nu ⁇ ⁇ d s ⁇ T s - T g + ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ T s 4 - T W 4
  • q 0
  • the distance from the nozzle outlet to the deposit is set extremely short because the device is configured so that the atomized particles collide with the deposit before deceleration of the particles' velocity. Therefore, it is approximately presumed that the particle velocity and enthalpy in the nozzle output are substantially maintained, allowing the particles to be deposited.
  • the state of the deposit depends much on the state of the particles being deposited, but in case of the particles being brought into collision and deposited at a subsonic velocity as in the conventional thermal spraying nozzle device, the particles cannot be adhered to the base material or the deposit if the particles are in a solidified state.
  • the thermal spraying nozzle device defines as an operating condition that semi-solidified or solidified particles with a greater solid phase ratio so far not utilized should be brought into collision and deposited at a supersonic velocity.
  • molten metal changes into a semi-solidified state while being atomized and flying, and a minimum flight distance required until that time-point is determined.
  • This flight distance is presumed to be a minimum nozzle length required for the device.
  • the expression (6) is convenient for numerical calculation using a fixed calculation lattice because it is described from the Euler's coordinate system which stands still together with the nozzle.
  • the drag coefficient C D can be expressed by a function of Reynolds number in the case where the relative velocity U is a subsonic velocity, as shown in the expression (12), but in the state just after atomization the relative velocity U is very likely to be a supersonic velocity. Therefore, in the graph of Fig. 3 (an explanatory diagram of a sphere obtained from bullet route measurement, as well as drag coefficient of cone-cylinder and Mach number dependence), the drag coefficient in question is approximated by the following expression (16) from an experimental result on drag coefficient of Mach number and the sphere (see an approximate line E in the figure).
  • Fig. 3 was quoted from "2nd edition McGraw-Hill Series in Aeronautical and Aerospace Engineering, Modern Compressible Flow with historical Perspective."
  • I f u g ⁇ t f - u g 2 ⁇ ⁇ g ⁇ t f + ⁇ s ⁇ d s ⁇ a g u g 2 ⁇ ⁇ g ⁇ u g 2 ⁇ ⁇ s ⁇ d s ⁇ a g u g 2 ⁇ ⁇ g ⁇ t f + ⁇ s ⁇ d s ⁇ a g + ⁇ s ⁇ d s ⁇ a g u g ⁇ g
  • u g is the flow velocity of gas
  • ⁇ g is the density of gas
  • ⁇ s is the density of particles
  • d s is particle diameter.
  • determining a minimum nozzle length means determining the shortest flight time t f until the particles becomes semi-solidified.
  • the shortest flight time t f from the expression (22) and substituting it into the expression (18) there is determined the shortest flight time, i.e., minimum nozzle length l f .
  • the thermal spraying nozzle device is characterized by being a device using a nozzle with a length of not smaller than the above nozzle length l f , and by accelerating the particles up to a supersonic velocity the particles even in a solidified state adhere to the base material or deposit.
  • the nozzle length has no upper limit theoretically.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph of having determined minimum nozzle lengths concretely with use of aluminum and copper.
  • the nozzle lengths shown therein are considered necessary when particles of various diameters assume a semi-solidified state with a solid phase ratio exceeding 0.5.
  • the particle diameter is plotted along the axis of abscissa and the nozzle length along the axis of ordinate.
  • Carrier gas conditions are the same as in Table 1 which will be described later.
  • a required nozzle length is 0.17 m in case of aluminum and 0.12 m in case of copper.
  • the said half-cone angle means the angle between the central nozzle axis and the nozzle inner wall.
  • the sectional area ratio A/A* increases abruptly and so does Mach number (see the expression (2)), but a shock wave front appears upon arrival at Mach number M 1 which is determined from the isentropic change expression (23) and the vertical shock wave relationship (24), and with this as a boundary the gas flow on the downstream side becomes a subsonic flow and the divergent angle of the nozzle inner wall is large, so that the gas flow near the inner wall surface peels off the inner wall surface.
  • the Mach number M 1 is determined from the expression (25) and the sectional area ratio A/A* at the position where the shock wave front appears is determined from the expression (26).
  • Such a nozzle has heretofore been suitable for atomization, but the intra-nozzle gas flow immediately becomes a subsonic flow and the concept of accelerating particles is not existent.
  • the particles after atomization are accelerated up to a supersonic velocity while setting the divergent angle of the nozzle at 15° or less to prevent separation of the gas flow and so that the particles even in a semi-solidified state can be adhered to the base material or deposit.
  • the distance from the narrowest portion of the nozzle up to the shock wave front generating position is extended long until the particles reach a solidified or semi-solidified state.
  • Fig. 6 shows a case where a shock wave is generated within the nozzle.
  • Molten metal (particles) mass flow rate [kg/s]
  • the mass flow rate of gas at the throat diameter of 25 mm and that at the throat diameter of 35 mm correspond to 0.9 [kg/s] and 1.8 [kg/s], respectively.
  • FIG. 8 A typical example of a nozzle shape designed for spray acceleration is shown in the graph of Fig. 8.
  • the maximum half-cone angle of the nozzle is set at 5° (see Table 1).
  • This nozzle is configured with a view to (a) expanding dispersed droplets after atomization quickly up to the maximum diameter so as not to adhere to the nozzle wall and (b) taking long a straight pipe portion at the maximum diameter at which the velocity becomes maximum so as to accelerate the particles.
  • the nozzle of this embodiment is inconvenient in that the whole of a straight pipe portion which occupies most of the nozzle becomes subsonic in the case where a pressure ratio is lower than a design value or when a lot of cold particles are supplied.
  • the nozzle of this embodiment is unsuitable for operation in a deviated state from the design value, but is suitable for production equipment in which operation is repeated under the same conditions.
  • the graph of Fig. 9 shows nozzle outlet diameters affording an appropriate expansion on the premise that operation is performed under the same conditions as just referred to above.
  • the reason why the nozzle outlet diameter increases with an increase in flow rate of molten metal no matter which of 25 mm and 35 mm of the nozzle throat diameter may be is that the gas receives the heat carried in by the molten metal, creating an expandable state.
  • Table 2 shows a relation between nozzle throat diameters resulting from design calculation in the actual nozzle and mass flow rate of gas in case of heating being not performed.
  • Figs. 10 to 12 there are shown intra-nozzle Mach number distributions, gas temperature/velocity distributions, and particle temperature/velocity distributions, respectively, assuming that the particle diameter after atomization is 20 ⁇ m and the nozzle throat diameter is 25 mm.
  • Distance plotted along the axis of abscissa represents the nozzle length, while in the axis of ordinate, Mach number, Gas temp, Gas Velc, Solid temp, and Solid Velc, represent Mach number, gas temperature, gas velocity, particle temperature, and particle velocity, respectively.
  • Figs. 13 to 15 there are shown intra-nozzle Mach number distributions, gas temperature/velocity distributions, and particle temperature/velocity distributions, respectively, assuming that the particle diameter after atomization is 20 ⁇ m and the nozzle throat diameter is 35 mm.
  • the nozzle outlet diameter is determined so as to give an appropriate expansion after heating, the static pressure of gas is almost equal to the atmospheric pressure and gas velocities are all 510 m/s or so.
  • the particle diameter is 20 ⁇ m
  • solidification is completed at a nozzle length of about 160 mm, but the particle velocity is only about 400 m/s.
  • the nozzle length is extended to 500 mm, it is possible to accelerate the particle velocity to 480 m/s, but the particles are cooled to a temperature of 400K.
  • Figs. 16 to 18 there are shown intra-nozzle Mach number distributions, gas temperature/velocity distributions, and particle temperature/velocity distributions, respectively, assuming that the particle diameter after atomization is 50 ⁇ m and the nozzle throat diameter is 25 mm.
  • Figs. 19 to 21 there are shown intra-nozzle Mach number distributions, gas temperature/velocity distributions, and particle temperature/velocity distributions, respectively, assuming that the particle diameter after atomization is 50 ⁇ m and the nozzle throat diameter is 35 mm.
  • this condition the particles are ejected from the nozzle at a particle temperature of 750K and a particle velocity of 470 m/s and thus this condition is most preferred as an impact depositing condition for the base material.
  • Figs. 22 to 24 there are shown intra-nozzle Mach number distributions, gas temperature/velocity distributions, and particle temperature/velocity distributions, respectively, in case of the particle diameter after atomization being 100 ⁇ m.
  • This calculation result shows that a nozzle length of 5 m is needed until solidification after a lowering of the cooling velocity in case of the particle diameter being 100 ⁇ m. Since particle acceleration has already ended at the time point corresponding to the nozzle length of 3 m and the particle velocity now reaches about 450 m/s, cooling becomes later. Such a situation occurs when atomization cannot be done to a satisfactory extent.
  • Fig. 25 shows a construction in case of a thermal spraying system according to the present invention being applied to a batch process.
  • carrier gas helium gas of a low molecular weight, which is preferred in point of a sound velocity becoming high when accelerating particles, is used in place of nitrogen gas.
  • Carrier gas supplied from a helium gas cylinder 10 is branched into two pipes 11 and 12.
  • the carrier gas flowing in the pipe 11 imparts a head pressure to molten metal stored in a storage section 4, while the carrier gas flowing in the pipe 12 is introduced into a nozzle 2 and passes through a throat portion 2a of the nozzle 2, whereby it is accelerated to a supersonic velocity.
  • the helium gas cylinder 10 and the pipes 11, 12 function as a carrier gas supply unit for the supply of carrier gas under pressure.
  • the molten metal flowing down from the storage section 4 is atomized by the supersonic gas flow in the nozzle 2, then the atomized particles are cooled in the nozzle 2 and ejected from a front end of the nozzle 2.
  • the ejected particles collide with and adhere to the surface of a base material 3.
  • the nozzle 2 and the base material 3 are accommodated within a chamber 13 which is a sealed chamber.
  • the chamber 13 is connected to a gas storage tank 16 via a cyclone unit 14 as an exhaust unit and an exhaust vacuum pump (pressure reducing means) 15.
  • the cyclone unit 14 recovers particles suspended in exhaust air and supplies only gas to the exhaust vacuum pump 15.
  • the exhaust unit is provided for increasing the Mach number of carrier gas and thereby increasing the particle velocity.
  • the helium gas recovered into the gas storage tank 16 is compressed by a compressor 17 and is re-utilized.
  • Fig. 26 shows a basic construction in case of applying a thermal spraying system according to the present invention to a continuous molding process.
  • a continuous melting furnace 20 is connected to a storage section 4 and the storage section 4 and the continuous melting furnace 20 are in communication with each other through a connecting pipe 21.
  • the height of the continuous melting furnace 20 is set so that the inner pressure of the storage section 4 is held at 0.8 MPa by a head pressure.
  • the continuous melting furnace 20 disposed at the above predetermined height functions as a molten metal supply unit for continuous supply of molten metal under pressure.
  • molten metal can be supplied to a nozzle 2 continuously from the storage section 4.
  • base material 22 While a base material 22 rotates also in the direction of arrow A, it is drawn out in the direction of arrow B by rotation of take-off rollers (base material supply unit) 23a and 23b, whereby particles can be sprayed continuously onto the base material 22 to effect molding.
  • take-off rollers base material supply unit
  • Figs. 27 to 31 show other embodiments of nozzles 2 according to the present invention.
  • the nozzle itself is fabricated using a non-metal such as a ceramic material or carbon to deteriorate the surface affinity, whereby metal particles adhered to the inner surface of the nozzle can be blown off easily by a supersonic gas flow.
  • a non-metal such as a ceramic material or carbon to deteriorate the surface affinity, whereby metal particles adhered to the inner surface of the nozzle can be blown off easily by a supersonic gas flow.
  • the same constituent elements as in Fig. 1 are identified by the same reference numerals, and explanations thereof will be omitted.
  • a nozzle 41 is fabricated using zirconium for thermal spraying of aluminum alloy, the outside of the nozzle 41 being covered with a ceramic cylinder 42, and a nozzle heater 43 capable of raising temperature up to a maximum of 900°C is wound plural turns round the cylinder 42.
  • the nozzle itself is constituted by a ceramic fiber heater 45. More specifically, a material consisting principally of alumina and silica is made into a high temperature insulating ceramic fiber, followed by embedding a heating element into the ceramic fiber and subsequent integral molding. Numerals 46a and 46b in the figure denote electrode connecting portions of the heater.
  • a carbon heater 49 is disposed around an outer wall of a body portion of a ceramic nozzle 48 and heating is performed by radiation.
  • the carbon heater 49 is divided into plural portions by slits 51d and 51e which are formed a predetermined length alternately from both upper and lower sides of a cylindrical nozzle 48.
  • Numerals 49a and 49b denote electrode connecting portions of the carbon heater 49.
  • Numeral 50 denotes a cylindrical reflection case having a specular-finished inner wall and it is provided for enhancing the radiation efficiency.
  • the carbon heater 49 when electric power is fed from a power supply (not shown) to the carbon heater 49 via the electrode connecting portions 49a and 49b, the carbon heater 49 generates heat from the interior thereof due to Joule heat induced by the supply of electric power. As a result, the ceramic nozzle 48 is heated by radiation heat transfer from the carbon heater 49 and the metal adhered to the inner wall of the nozzle 37 is melted.
  • the nozzle itself is fabricated by a carbon heater 52.
  • Numerals 52a and 52b denote electrode connecting portions of the carbon heater.
  • Figs. 29 and 30 the presence of oxygen causes an oxidation reaction of carbon itself, so for avoiding such an inconvenience, the whole of the system is covered with a chamber and gas such as argon or nitrogen gas is used as high pressure gas to purge the interior of the chamber with an inert atmosphere.
  • gas such as argon or nitrogen gas is used as high pressure gas to purge the interior of the chamber with an inert atmosphere.
  • a nozzle with a metallic material superior in thermal conductivity e.g., copper
  • thermal spraying of a ceramic material to the inner wall of the nozzle thus fabricated to form a ceramic film it is possible to deteriorate the surface affinity as is the case with each of the foregoing nozzles.
  • a zirconium film (the portion indicated by a thick broken line in the figure) 55 is formed on an inner surface of a copper nozzle 54 and a nozzle heater 43 is wound plural turns round an outer periphery surface of the nozzle.
  • the thermal spraying nozzle device and the thermal spraying system according to the present invention are suitable in a field in which it is required to supply a thermal spraying material constantly onto a base material and control the state of a film or deposit formed on the base material.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
EP06702045A 2005-01-07 2006-01-06 Düsenvorrichtung für thermisches spritzen und ausrüstung für thermisches spritzen Withdrawn EP1834699A4 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2005002535 2005-01-07
PCT/JP2006/300065 WO2006073171A1 (ja) 2005-01-07 2006-01-06 溶射ノズル装置および溶射装置

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EP1834699A1 true EP1834699A1 (de) 2007-09-19
EP1834699A4 EP1834699A4 (de) 2008-06-25

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WO2012068103A2 (en) * 2010-11-17 2012-05-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Apparatus and methods for delivering a heated fluid
US11897782B2 (en) 2017-08-25 2024-02-13 Saab Ab Method of combusting aluminium and system therefor

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DE102006023483A1 (de) * 2006-05-18 2007-11-22 Linde Ag Vorrichtung zum Kaltgasspritzen
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EP1834699A4 (de) 2008-06-25

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