EP1834005A1 - Spheroidal cast alloy and method for producing cast parts from said spheroidal cast alloy - Google Patents

Spheroidal cast alloy and method for producing cast parts from said spheroidal cast alloy

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Publication number
EP1834005A1
EP1834005A1 EP05803315A EP05803315A EP1834005A1 EP 1834005 A1 EP1834005 A1 EP 1834005A1 EP 05803315 A EP05803315 A EP 05803315A EP 05803315 A EP05803315 A EP 05803315A EP 1834005 A1 EP1834005 A1 EP 1834005A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
iron alloy
cast iron
alloy according
casting
nodular cast
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EP05803315A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1834005B1 (en
Inventor
Werner Menk
Rolf Rietzscher
Andreas Hecker
Torsten Rieck
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Georg Fischer Automotive AG
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Georg Fischer Automotive AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a nodular cast iron alloy for cast iron products having a high mechanical strength, a high wear resistance and at the same time a high toughness, comprising as non-iron constituents 2.5 to 3.8 wt.% C, 2.4 to 3.4 wt. % Si, 0.02 to 0.08 wt% P, 0.02 to 0.06 wt% Mg, 0.01 to 0.05 wt% Cr, 0.002 to 0.02 wt% Al, 0 , 0005 to 0.015 wt% S, 0.0002 to 0.002 wt% B and the usual impurities.
  • GB 832 666 is a cast iron alloy with as non-iron constituents 1, 0 to 2.5 wt.% C, 1, 5 to 3.2 wt.% Si, less than 1, 15 wt.% Mn, less than 0 , 5% by weight of S and 0.001 to 0.05% by weight of B are known.
  • the graphite part is formed in a compact form. Because the alloy does not contain any Mg, nodular graphite or vermicular graphite, it has predominantly a graphite formation that looks similar to the tempered carbon knot of malleable cast iron.
  • the alloy contains 5 to 10% carbides in a predominantly pearlitic matrix, with the result that the elongation at break is relatively low.
  • tellurium and bismuth are added as alloying elements. Higher fracture strain values are achieved by a subsequent heat treatment.
  • a further cast iron alloy is known from US 2004/0112479-A1, which preferably contains 3.7% by weight of C, 2.5% by weight of Si, 1.85% by weight of Ni, 0.85% by weight of Cu and 0, Contains 05 wt.% Mo.
  • This material is characterized by an elongation of 20 to 16% at a tensile strength of 500 to 900 MPa and by a
  • Brinell hardness from 180 to 290 HB. These properties are achieved after a time-consuming heat treatment, which comprises in succession: 10 to 360 minutes austenitizing at temperatures between 750 and 790 0 C, rapid cooling in a salt bath at a temperature between 300 and 400 0 C, 1 to 3 hours annealing at Temperatures between 300 and 400 0 C and cooling to room temperature. After this treatment, the material has a structure with an austenitic and ferritic microstructure. The material is characterized by a lighter machinability than a cast iron, which was subjected in the usual way to an austempering.
  • a nodular cast iron alloy for cast iron products with a high mechanical strength, a high wear resistance and at the same time a high toughness, comprising as non-iron constituents 2.5 to 3.8 wt.% C, 2.4 to 3.4 wt.
  • the alloy contains 3.0 to 3.7% by weight of C, 2.6 to 3, 4 wt% Si, 0.02 to 0.05 wt% P, 0.025 to 0.045 wt% Mg, 0.01 to 0.03 wt% Cr, 0.003 to 0.017 wt% Al, 0.0005 to 0.012 wt.% S and 0.0004 to 0.002 wt.% B.
  • the alloy has the best possible wear behavior. This is achieved in that the alloy 0.1 to 1, 5 wt.% Cu, preferably 0.5 to 0.8 wt.% Cu and 0.1 to 1, 0 wt.% Mn, preferably 0.15 to 0.2 wt.% Mn. This is also achieved in that the alloy 0.1 to 1, 5 wt.% Mn, preferably 0.5 to 1, 0 wt.% Mn and 0.05 to 1, 0 wt.% Cu, preferably 0.05 contains up to 0.2 wt.% Cu.
  • the core idea of the invention is to specify a cast iron alloy which has a Brinell hardness of more than 220 and which is worn as uniformly as possible when used as a brake disk.
  • Lamellar graphite discs are inexpensive, but have less resistance to temperature changes. This can lead to so-called fire cracks after a short period of use, which continue to grow rapidly and lead to uneven surfaces. An uneven surface in turn leads to uneven temperature load, irregular wear and so-called Bremsrubbeln.
  • axle and chassis parts for trucks and passenger cars such as wishbones, wheel and pivot bearings, which are exposed to high mechanical and dynamic loads and which must deform plastically in the event of a collision of the motor vehicle and must not break.
  • a brake disk was manufactured from the ductile iron alloy according to the invention.
  • the chemical composition was 3.34 wt.% C, 2.92 wt.% Si, 0.62 wt.% Cu, 0.17 wt.% Mn, 0.038 wt.% Mg, 0.025 wt.% P, 0.021 wt % Cr, 0.01% by weight Al, 0.001% by weight S and 0.0008% by weight B 1 balance Fe and the usual impurities.
  • the brake disk was tested for spherulite number, graphite content, graphite shape and graphite size, perlite content and Brinell hardness. Samples from the brake disc were subjected to a tensile test to determine the strength-elongation behavior. The
  • Spärolitheniere is 384 +/- 76 spherulites per mm 2 .
  • the graphite content 9.7 +/- 0.7%.
  • the graphite mold according to DIN EN ISO 945 is 97.9% of the form VI.
  • the size distribution according to DIN EN ISO 945 is 45% of the size 8, 42% of the size 7 and 13% of the size 6.
  • the perlite content is 84 +/- 1%.
  • the Brinell hardness is 248 +/- 3 HB. In the tensile test, the following values were determined:
  • the weight gain in grams per square meter and day by oxidation at 700 0 C in air is shown.
  • the inventive material shows a weight gain of about 9 g / m 2 .d compared to a cast iron material for conventional brake discs with a weight gain of about 21 g / m 2 .D.
  • test for fire crack formation were carried out as follows: A sample measuring 40 ⁇ 20 ⁇ 7 mm is subjected to at least 100 cycles consisting of heating for 7 seconds to 700 ° C. and quenching in water for 6 seconds. Then cross-sections are made and examined under the microscope and photographed.
  • FIG. 2 shows a microfoto of a commercially available brake disk with a fire crack of 0.4 mm depth.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further microfoto of the brake disk according to the invention with the same magnification with a fire crack of 0.14 mm depth.
  • a wishbone for passenger cars was made from the nodular cast iron alloy according to the invention.
  • the chemical composition was 3.5 wt% C, 2.85 wt% Si, 0.63 wt% Cu, 0.18 wt% Mn, 0.038 wt% Mg, 0.026 wt% P, 0.029 wt % Cr, 0.004% by weight Al, 0.001% by weight S and 0.0007% by weight B, remainder Fe and the usual impurities.
  • Tensile strength R p 0.2 465 MPa
  • tensile strength Rm 757 Mpa
  • elongation at break A5 11, 1%
  • elastic modulus E 165 to 170 kN / mm 2 .
  • the Brinell hardness is 258 +/- 3 HB.
  • a wheel carrier for passenger cars was manufactured from the ductile iron alloy according to the invention.
  • the chemical composition was 3.43 wt% C, 3.38 wt% Si, 0.71 wt% Cu, 0.2 wt% Mn, 0.037 wt% Mg, 0.047 wt% P 1 0.043 wt % Cr, 0.012% by weight Al, 0.004% by weight S and 0.0008% by weight B, remainder Fe and the usual impurities.
  • Tensile strength R p 0.2 558 MPa
  • tensile strength Rm 862 MPa
  • elongation at break A5 6.1%.
  • the Brinell hardness is 288 HB.
  • the number of spherulites in the microstructure was found to be 455 spherulites per mm 2 .
  • FIG. 4 shows the breaking elongation A5 as a function of the tensile strength Rm.
  • the solid line indicates the minimum values according to standard EN 1563 for ductile iron castings of as-cast grades.
  • the measurements of the inventive material are listed according to the above examples 1 to 3.
  • FIG. 5 shows the elongation at break A5 as a function of the yield strength R p 0.2.
  • the solid line indicates the minimum values according to standard EN 1563 for spheroidal graphite cast iron of as-cast grades.
  • the measurements of the inventive material are listed according to the above examples 1 to 3.
  • FIG. 6 shows the strength ranges with respect to the elongation at rupture of the materials cast aluminum alloys, spheroidal graphite cast iron, ADI and the material according to the invention with the registered examples 1 to 3.
  • the uniformity of the structure is also achieved by a new casting process.
  • the mold is divided horizontally instead of vertically, with the brake discs are arranged horizontally and the filling of the mold is carried out from the center to the edge of the brake disc. This has the consequence that the mold is filled rotationally symmetrical and that the brake disc cools evenly after casting from inside to outside. This creates over the entire circumference of the brake disc a uniform, homogeneous structure. Subsequent heat treatment, which is time consuming and incurs costs, is no longer required.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a spheroidal cast alloy for producing cast iron products with great mechanical strength, high wear-resistance and a high degree of ductility. Said alloy comprises the following as non-iron components: between 2.5 and 3.8 wt. % C, between 2.4 and 3.4 wt. % Si, between 0.02 and 0.08 wt. % P, between 0.02 and 0.06 wt. % Mg, between 0.01 and 0.05 wt. % Cr, between 0.002 and 0.02 wt. % Al, between 0.0005 and 0.015 wt. % S, between 0.0002 and 0.002 wt. % B and conventional impurities. According to the invention, the alloy contains between 3.0 and 3.7 wt. % C, between 2.6 and 3.4 wt. % Si, between 0.02 and 0.05 wt. % P, between 0.025 and 0.045 wt. % Mg, between 0.01 and 0.03 wt. % Cr, between 0.003 and 0.017 wt. % Al, between 0.0005 and 0.012 wt. % S and between 0.0004 and 0.002 wt. % B. The alloy is used for example to produce chassis parts or brake discs in the automobile industry.

Description

Sphärogusslegierung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gussteilen aus der Ductile cast iron alloy and method for producing castings from the
Sphärogusslegierungnodular cast iron
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Sphärogussiegierung für Gusseisenprodukte mit einer hohen mechanischen Festigkeit, einer hohen Verschleissfestigkeit und gleichzeitig einer hohen Zähigkeit, umfassend als Nicht-Eisenbestandteile 2,5 bis 3,8 Gew.% C, 2,4 bis 3,4 Gew.% Si, 0,02 bis 0,08 Gew.% P, 0,02 bis 0,06 Gew.% Mg, 0,01 bis 0,05 Gew.% Cr, 0,002 bis 0,02 Gew.% AI, 0,0005 bis 0,015 Gew.% S, 0,0002 bis 0,002 Gew.% B und den üblichen Verunreinigungen.The invention relates to a nodular cast iron alloy for cast iron products having a high mechanical strength, a high wear resistance and at the same time a high toughness, comprising as non-iron constituents 2.5 to 3.8 wt.% C, 2.4 to 3.4 wt. % Si, 0.02 to 0.08 wt% P, 0.02 to 0.06 wt% Mg, 0.01 to 0.05 wt% Cr, 0.002 to 0.02 wt% Al, 0 , 0005 to 0.015 wt% S, 0.0002 to 0.002 wt% B and the usual impurities.
Im Kraftfahrzeugbau werden Gusseisenlegierungen verwendet für die Herstellung von Gussteilen, die eine hohe Verschleissfestigkeit haben müssen, beispielsweise Bremsscheiben, die beim Bremsvorgang die kinetische Energie des Fahrzeuges in thermische Energie umwandeln müssen. Die Bremsscheiben können dabeiIn the automotive industry cast iron alloys are used for the production of castings, which must have a high wear resistance, such as brake discs, which must convert the kinetic energy of the vehicle during the braking process into thermal energy. The brake discs can do this
Temperaturen bis ca. 850 0C erreichen. Beim Bremsvorgang werden nicht nur die Bremsbeläge, sondern auch die Bremsscheiben abgenutzt. Bremsscheiben weisen einen unregelmässigen Verschleiss auf und müssen oft noch während der Garantieperiode mit hohen Kosten für den Automobilhersteller ersetzt werden. Damit die Abnutzung an der Oberfläche der Bremsscheibe möglichst gleichmässig stattfindet, werden hohe Ansprüche an das Kristallgefüge und an die Homogenität des Gefüges gestellt. Durch ein geeignetes Giessverfahren kann die Homogenität verbessert werden.Temperatures up to 850 ° C reach. When braking not only the brake pads, but also the brake discs are worn. Brake discs have an irregular wear and often have to be replaced during the warranty period with high costs for the car manufacturer. So that the wear on the surface of the brake disc takes place as evenly as possible, high demands are placed on the crystal structure and on the homogeneity of the structure. By a suitable casting process, the homogeneity can be improved.
Aus der GB 832 666 ist eine Gusseisenlegierung mit als Nicht-Eisenbestandteilen 1 ,0 bis 2,5 Gew.% C, 1 ,5 bis 3,2 Gew.% Si, weniger als 1 ,15 Gew.% Mn, weniger als 0,5 Gew.% S und 0,001 bis 0,05 Gew.% B bekannt. Nach dem Giessen bildet sich der Graphitanteil in der kompakten Form aus. Es liegt, weil die Legierung kein Mg enthält, kein Kugelgraphit oder Vermiculargraphit, sondern überwiegend eine Graphitausbildung vor, die ähnlich aussieht wie die Temperkohleknoten von Temperguss. Die Legierung enthält 5 bis 10 % Karbide in einer überwiegend perlitischen Matrix, was zur Folge hat, dass die Bruchdehnung relativ niedrig wird. Um die Bildung von Lamellengraphit zu begrenzen und somit den Elastizitätsmodulus zu verbessern, werden als Legierungselemente Tellur und Wismuth beigemischt. Höhere Bruchdehnungswerte werden durch eine anschliessende Wärmebehandlung erreicht.From GB 832 666 is a cast iron alloy with as non-iron constituents 1, 0 to 2.5 wt.% C, 1, 5 to 3.2 wt.% Si, less than 1, 15 wt.% Mn, less than 0 , 5% by weight of S and 0.001 to 0.05% by weight of B are known. After casting, the graphite part is formed in a compact form. Because the alloy does not contain any Mg, nodular graphite or vermicular graphite, it has predominantly a graphite formation that looks similar to the tempered carbon knot of malleable cast iron. The alloy contains 5 to 10% carbides in a predominantly pearlitic matrix, with the result that the elongation at break is relatively low. In order to limit the formation of lamellar graphite and thus to improve the elastic modulus, tellurium and bismuth are added as alloying elements. Higher fracture strain values are achieved by a subsequent heat treatment.
Aus der US 2004/0112479-A1 ist eine weitere Gusseisenlegierung bekannt, die vorzugsweise 3,7 Gew.% C, 2,5 Gew.% Si, 1 ,85 Gew.% Ni, 0,85 Gew.% Cu und 0,05 Gew.% Mo enthält. Dieser Werkstoff zeichnet sich aus durch eine Dehnung von 20 bis 16 % bei einer Zugfestigkeit von 500 bis 900 MPa und durch eineA further cast iron alloy is known from US 2004/0112479-A1, which preferably contains 3.7% by weight of C, 2.5% by weight of Si, 1.85% by weight of Ni, 0.85% by weight of Cu and 0, Contains 05 wt.% Mo. This material is characterized by an elongation of 20 to 16% at a tensile strength of 500 to 900 MPa and by a
Brinell-Härte von 180 bis 290 HB. Diese Eigenschaften werden erreicht nach einer zeitaufwendigen Wärmebehandlung, die nacheinander folgende Schritte umfasst: 10 bis 360 Minuten Austenitisieren bei Temperaturen zwischen 750 und 790 0C, rasches Abkühlen in einem Salzbad auf einer Temperatur zwischen 300 und 400 0C, 1 bis 3 Stunden Austempern bei Temperaturen zwischen 300 und 400 0C und Abkühlen auf Raumtemperatur. Nach dieser Behandlung hat der Werkstoff ein Gefüge mit einer austenitischen und ferritischen Mikrostruktur. Der Werkstoff zeichnet sich aus durch eine leichtere maschinelle Bearbeitbarkeit als ein Gusseisen, das auf übliche Art einer Austemperung unterworfen wurde.Brinell hardness from 180 to 290 HB. These properties are achieved after a time-consuming heat treatment, which comprises in succession: 10 to 360 minutes austenitizing at temperatures between 750 and 790 0 C, rapid cooling in a salt bath at a temperature between 300 and 400 0 C, 1 to 3 hours annealing at Temperatures between 300 and 400 0 C and cooling to room temperature. After this treatment, the material has a structure with an austenitic and ferritic microstructure. The material is characterized by a lighter machinability than a cast iron, which was subjected in the usual way to an austempering.
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Gusseisenlegierung anzugeben, die aus möglichst kostengünstigen Elementen hergestellt wird, wobei die Gussteile ohne eine zusätzliche Wärmebehandlung eine möglichst hohe Temperaturbeständigkeit und Festigkeit, insbesondere Verschleissfestigkeit und gleichzeitig eine sehr hohe Zähigkeit haben.Based on this prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a cast iron alloy, which is made from the most cost-effective elements, the castings without an additional heat treatment the highest possible temperature resistance and strength, in particular wear resistance and at the same time have a very high toughness.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Sphärogusslegierung für Gusseisenprodukte mit einer hohen mechanischen Festigkeit, einer hohen Verschleissfestigkeit und gleichzeitig einer hohen Zähigkeit, umfassend als Nicht- Eisenbestandteile 2,5 bis 3,8 Gew.% C, 2,4 bis 3,4 Gew.% Si, 0,02 bis 0,08 Gew.% P, 0,02 bis 0,06 Gew.% Mg, 0,01 bis 0,05 Gew.% Cr, 0,002 bis 0,02 GΘW.% Al1 0,0005 bis 0,015 Gew.% S, 0,0002 bis 0,002 Gew.% B und den üblichen Verunreinigungen, wobei die Legierung 3,0 bis 3,7 Gew.% C, 2,6 bis 3,4 Gew.% Si, 0,02 bis 0,05 Gew.% P, 0,025 bis 0,045 Gew.% Mg, 0,01 bis 0,03 Gew.% Cr, 0,003 bis 0,017 Gew.% AI, 0,0005 bis 0,012 Gew.% S und 0,0004 bis 0,002 Gew.% B enthält.This object is achieved by a nodular cast iron alloy for cast iron products with a high mechanical strength, a high wear resistance and at the same time a high toughness, comprising as non-iron constituents 2.5 to 3.8 wt.% C, 2.4 to 3.4 wt. % Si, 0.02 to 0.08 wt% P, 0.02 to 0.06 wt% Mg, 0.01 to 0.05 wt% Cr, 0.002 to 0.02 G% by weight Al 1 0.0005 to 0.015% by weight of S, 0.0002 to 0.002% by weight of B and the usual impurities, wherein the alloy contains 3.0 to 3.7% by weight of C, 2.6 to 3, 4 wt% Si, 0.02 to 0.05 wt% P, 0.025 to 0.045 wt% Mg, 0.01 to 0.03 wt% Cr, 0.003 to 0.017 wt% Al, 0.0005 to 0.012 wt.% S and 0.0004 to 0.002 wt.% B.
Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.Preferred developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.
Es ist von Vorteil, dass die Legierung ein möglichst gutes Festigkeits-It is advantageous that the alloy has the best possible strength
Dehnungsverhalten hat. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass die Sphärogusslegierung 0,1 bis 1 ,5 Gew.% Cu1 vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 0,8 Gew.% Cu enthält. Dies wird auch dadurch erreicht, dass die Legierung 0,1 bis 1 ,0 Gew.% Mn, vorzugsweise 0,15 bis 0,2 Gew.% Mn enthält.Has elongation behavior. This is achieved by the nodular cast iron alloy containing 0.1 to 1.5% by weight of Cu 1, preferably 0.5 to 0.8% by weight of Cu. This is also achieved by the alloy containing 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of Mn, preferably 0.15 to 0.2% by weight of Mn.
Es ist weiterhin auch von Vorteil dass die Legierung ein möglichst gutes Verschleissverhalten hat. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass die Legierung 0,1 bis 1 ,5 Gew.% Cu, vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 0,8 Gew.% Cu und 0,1 bis 1 ,0 Gew.% Mn, vorzugsweise 0,15 bis 0,2 Gew.% Mn enthält. Dies wird auch dadurch erreicht, dass die Legierung 0,1 bis 1 ,5 Gew.% Mn, vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 1 ,0 Gew.% Mn und 0,05 bis 1 ,0 Gew.% Cu, vorzugsweise 0,05 bis 0,2 Gew.% Cu enthält.It is also advantageous that the alloy has the best possible wear behavior. This is achieved in that the alloy 0.1 to 1, 5 wt.% Cu, preferably 0.5 to 0.8 wt.% Cu and 0.1 to 1, 0 wt.% Mn, preferably 0.15 to 0.2 wt.% Mn. This is also achieved in that the alloy 0.1 to 1, 5 wt.% Mn, preferably 0.5 to 1, 0 wt.% Mn and 0.05 to 1, 0 wt.% Cu, preferably 0.05 contains up to 0.2 wt.% Cu.
Der Kerngedanke der Erfindung ist es eine Gusseisenlegierung anzugeben, die eine Brinellhärte von mehr als 220 aufweist und die bei dem Einsatz als Bremsscheibe möglichst gleichmässig abgenutzt wird. Der Graphit in der Gusseisenlegierung kann sphäroidal (=kugelförmig) oder vermicular (=würmchenförmig), jedoch nicht lamellar (=plättchenförmig) ausgebildet sein. Bremsscheiben mit Lamellargraphit sind zwar preisgünstig, weisen aber eine geringere Beständigkeit gegen Temperaturwechsel auf. Dadurch kann es schon nach kurzer Einsatzzeit zu so genannten Brandrissen kommen, die schnell weiter wachsen und zu Unebenheiten der Oberfläche führen. Eine unebene Oberfläche führt wiederum zu ungleichmässiger Temperaturbelastung, unregelmässigem Verschleiss und zum so genannten Bremsrubbeln.The core idea of the invention is to specify a cast iron alloy which has a Brinell hardness of more than 220 and which is worn as uniformly as possible when used as a brake disk. The graphite in the cast iron alloy may be spheroidal (= spherical) or vermicular (= worm-shaped), but not lamellar (= platelet-shaped). Lamellar graphite discs are inexpensive, but have less resistance to temperature changes. This can lead to so-called fire cracks after a short period of use, which continue to grow rapidly and lead to uneven surfaces. An uneven surface in turn leads to uneven temperature load, irregular wear and so-called Bremsrubbeln.
Weitere Anwendungen der erfindungsgemässen Sphärogusslegierung sind Achs- und Fahrwerksteile für Lastkraftwagen und für Personenkraftwagen, wie beispielsweise Querlenker, Radträger und Schwenklager, welche hohen mechanischen und dynamischen Belastungen ausgesetzt sind und welche sich im Falle eines Zusammenstosses des Kraftwagens plastisch verformen müssen und nicht brechen dürfen.Other applications of the inventive nodular cast iron alloy are axle and chassis parts for trucks and passenger cars, such as wishbones, wheel and pivot bearings, which are exposed to high mechanical and dynamic loads and which must deform plastically in the event of a collision of the motor vehicle and must not break.
Beispiel 1example 1
Eine Bremsscheibe wurde aus der erfindungsgemässen Sphärogusslegierung gefertigt. Die chemische Zusammensetzung betrug 3,34 Gew.% C, 2,92 Gew.% Si, 0,62 Gew.% Cu, 0,17 Gew.% Mn, 0,038 Gew.% Mg, 0,025 Gew.% P, 0,021 Gew.% Cr, 0,01 Gew.% AI, 0,001 Gew.% S und 0,0008 Gew.% B1 Rest Fe und den üblichen Verunreinigungen. Die Bremsscheibe wurde untersucht auf Sphärolithenzahl, Graphitgehalt, Graphitform und Graphitgrösse, Perlitgehalt und Brinellhärte. Proben aus der Bremsscheibe wurden einem Zugversuch unterworfen um das Festigkeits-Dehnungsverhalten festzustellen. DieA brake disk was manufactured from the ductile iron alloy according to the invention. The chemical composition was 3.34 wt.% C, 2.92 wt.% Si, 0.62 wt.% Cu, 0.17 wt.% Mn, 0.038 wt.% Mg, 0.025 wt.% P, 0.021 wt % Cr, 0.01% by weight Al, 0.001% by weight S and 0.0008% by weight B 1 balance Fe and the usual impurities. The brake disk was tested for spherulite number, graphite content, graphite shape and graphite size, perlite content and Brinell hardness. Samples from the brake disc were subjected to a tensile test to determine the strength-elongation behavior. The
Spärolithenzahl beträgt 384 +/- 76 Sphärolithen pro mm2. Der Graphitgehalt 9,7 +/- 0,7 %. Die Graphitform nach DIN EN ISO 945 ist zu 97.9 % von der Form VI. Die Grössenverteilung nach DIN EN ISO 945 ist 45 % der Grosse 8, 42 % der Grosse 7 und 13 % der Grosse 6. Der Perlitgehalt beträgt 84 +/- 1 %. Die Brinellhärte beträgt 248 +/- 3 HB. Beim Zugversuch wurden folgende Werte festgestellt:Spärolithenzahl is 384 +/- 76 spherulites per mm 2 . The graphite content 9.7 +/- 0.7%. The graphite mold according to DIN EN ISO 945 is 97.9% of the form VI. The size distribution according to DIN EN ISO 945 is 45% of the size 8, 42% of the size 7 and 13% of the size 6. The perlite content is 84 +/- 1%. The Brinell hardness is 248 +/- 3 HB. In the tensile test, the following values were determined:
Dehngrenze Rp 0.2 = 474 MPa, Zugfestigkeit Rm = 778 MPa, Bruchdehnung A5 =11 ,4 % und Elastizitätsmodulus E = 165 bis 170 kN/mm2.Yield strength R p 0.2 = 474 MPa, tensile strength Rm = 778 MPa, elongation at break A5 = 11, 4% and modulus of elasticity E = 165 to 170 kN / mm 2 .
Im Vergleich mit den bekannten Werkstoffen für Bremsscheiben konnte ein wesentlich besseres Oxidationsverhaiten (siehe Figur 1) und eine stark reduzierte Neigung zu Brandrissbildung (siehe Figuren 2 und 3) festgestellt werden. Das Oxidationsverhalten und somit auch das Verschleissverhalten wird wesentlich verbessert durch die Zugabe einer Mischung von Kupfer und/oder Mangan zur Sphärogusslegierung.In comparison with the known materials for brake discs, a much better oxidation behavior (see FIG. 1) and a greatly reduced tendency to fire crack formation (see FIGS. 2 and 3) could be ascertained. The Oxidation behavior and thus the wear behavior is significantly improved by the addition of a mixture of copper and / or manganese to ductile iron alloy.
In Figur 1 ist die Gewichtszunahme in Gramm pro Quadratmeter und Tag durch Oxidation bei 7000C an Luft dargestellt. Der erfindungsgemässe Werkstoff zeigt eine Gewichtszunahme von ca. 9 g/m2.d im Vergleich zu einem Gusseisenwerkstoff für konventionelle Bremsscheiben mit einer Gewichtszunahme von ca. 21 g/m2.d.In Figure 1, the weight gain in grams per square meter and day by oxidation at 700 0 C in air is shown. The inventive material shows a weight gain of about 9 g / m 2 .d compared to a cast iron material for conventional brake discs with a weight gain of about 21 g / m 2 .D.
Die Versuche zur Prüfung auf Brandrissbildung wurden wie folgt durchgeführt: Eine Probe mit den Abmessungen 40 x 20 x 7 mm wird mindestens 100 Zyklen bestehend aus 7 Sekunden Aufheizen auf 7000C und 6 Sekunden Abschrecken in Wasser unterworfen. Anschliessend werden Querschliffe hergestellt und unter dem Mikroskop untersucht und fotografiert.The tests for fire crack formation were carried out as follows: A sample measuring 40 × 20 × 7 mm is subjected to at least 100 cycles consisting of heating for 7 seconds to 700 ° C. and quenching in water for 6 seconds. Then cross-sections are made and examined under the microscope and photographed.
In Figur 2 ist ein Mikrofoto einer handelsüblichen Bremsscheibe mit einem Brandriss von 0,4 mm Tiefe dargestellt. In Figur 3 ist ein weiteres Mikrofoto der erfindungsgemässen Bremsscheibe bei gleicher Vergrösserung mit einem Brandriss von 0,14 mm Tiefe dargestellt.FIG. 2 shows a microfoto of a commercially available brake disk with a fire crack of 0.4 mm depth. FIG. 3 shows a further microfoto of the brake disk according to the invention with the same magnification with a fire crack of 0.14 mm depth.
Beispiel 2Example 2
Ein Querlenker für Personenkraftwagen wurde aus der erfindungsgemässen Sphärogusslegierung gefertigt. Die chemische Zusammensetzung betrug 3,5 Gew.% C, 2,85 Gew.% Si, 0,63 Gew.% Cu, 0,18 Gew.% Mn, 0,038 Gew.% Mg, 0,026 Gew.% P, 0,029 Gew.% Cr, 0,004 Gew.% AI, 0,001 Gew.% S und 0,0007 Gew.% B, Rest Fe und den üblichen Verunreinigungen. Beim Zugversuch wurden folgende Werte festgestellt: Dehngrenze Rp 0.2 = 465 MPa, Zugfestigkeit Rm = 757 Mpa, Bruchdehnung A5 =11 ,1 % und Elastizitätsmodulus E = 165 bis 170 kN/mm2. Die Brinellhärte beträgt 258 +/- 3 HB. Beispiel 3A wishbone for passenger cars was made from the nodular cast iron alloy according to the invention. The chemical composition was 3.5 wt% C, 2.85 wt% Si, 0.63 wt% Cu, 0.18 wt% Mn, 0.038 wt% Mg, 0.026 wt% P, 0.029 wt % Cr, 0.004% by weight Al, 0.001% by weight S and 0.0007% by weight B, remainder Fe and the usual impurities. Tensile strength R p 0.2 = 465 MPa, tensile strength Rm = 757 Mpa, elongation at break A5 = 11, 1% and elastic modulus E = 165 to 170 kN / mm 2 . The Brinell hardness is 258 +/- 3 HB. Example 3
Ein Radträger für Personenkraftwagen wurde aus der erfindungsgemässen Sphärogusslegierung gefertigt. Die chemische Zusammensetzung betrug 3,43 Gew.% C, 3,38 Gew.% Si, 0,71 Gew.% Cu, 0,2 Gew.% Mn, 0,037 Gew.% Mg, 0,047 Gew.% P1 0,043 Gew.% Cr, 0,012 Gew.% AI, 0,004 Gew.% S und 0,0008 Gew.% B, Rest Fe und den üblichen Verunreinigungen. Beim Zugversuch wurden folgende Werte festgestellt: Dehngrenze Rp 0.2 = 558 MPa, Zugfestigkeit Rm = 862 MPa und Bruchdehnung A5 =6,1 %. Die Brinellhärte beträgt 288 HB. Die Sphärolithenzahl im Mikrogefüge wurde zu 455 Sphärolithen pro mm2 ermittelt.A wheel carrier for passenger cars was manufactured from the ductile iron alloy according to the invention. The chemical composition was 3.43 wt% C, 3.38 wt% Si, 0.71 wt% Cu, 0.2 wt% Mn, 0.037 wt% Mg, 0.047 wt% P 1 0.043 wt % Cr, 0.012% by weight Al, 0.004% by weight S and 0.0008% by weight B, remainder Fe and the usual impurities. Tensile strength R p 0.2 = 558 MPa, tensile strength Rm = 862 MPa and elongation at break A5 = 6.1%. The Brinell hardness is 288 HB. The number of spherulites in the microstructure was found to be 455 spherulites per mm 2 .
In Figur 4 ist die Bruchdehnung A5 in Funktion der Zugfestigkeit Rm dargestellt. Die durchgezogene Linie gibt die Mindestwerte gemäss der Norm EN 1563 für Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit von im Gusszustand hergestellten Sorten an. Die Messungen des erfindungsgemässen Werkstoffes sind gemäss der oben aufgeführten Beispiele 1 bis 3 mit eingetragen.FIG. 4 shows the breaking elongation A5 as a function of the tensile strength Rm. The solid line indicates the minimum values according to standard EN 1563 for ductile iron castings of as-cast grades. The measurements of the inventive material are listed according to the above examples 1 to 3.
In Figur 5 ist die Bruchdehnung A5 in Funktion der Dehngrenze Rp 0.2 dargestellt. Die durchgezogene Linie gibt die Mindestwerte gemäss der Norm EN 1563 für Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit an von im Gusszustand hergestellte Sorten an. Die Messungen des erfindungsgemässen Werkstoffes sind gemäss der oben aufgeführten Beispiele 1 bis 3 mit eingetragen.FIG. 5 shows the elongation at break A5 as a function of the yield strength R p 0.2. The solid line indicates the minimum values according to standard EN 1563 for spheroidal graphite cast iron of as-cast grades. The measurements of the inventive material are listed according to the above examples 1 to 3.
Die Werkstoffeigenschaften der erfindungsgemässen Sphärogusslegierung liegen damit weit über der Europäischen Norm EN 1563 für Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit und erreichen sogar die Werte von ADI (= Austempered Ductile iron), einem durch eine sehr aufwendige Wärmebehandlung erzeugten, in grosseren Wanddicken nur durch Zulegieren der teuren Elemente Nickel und/oder Molybdän realisierbaren und damit entsprechend teuren Eisengusswerkstoff, der in Europa unter EN 1564 genormt ist. Figur 6 zeigt die Festigkeitsbereiche gegenüber der Bruchdehnung der Werkstoffe Aluminiumgusslegierungen, Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit, ADI und des erfindungsgemässen Werkstoffs mit den eingetragenen Beispielen 1 bis 3.The material properties of the nodular cast iron alloy according to the invention thus far exceed the European Standard EN 1563 for ductile iron and even achieve the values of ADI (= austempered ductile iron), which is produced by a very complex heat treatment, in larger wall thicknesses only by alloying the expensive elements nickel and / or molybdenum feasible and therefore correspondingly expensive cast iron material, which is standardized in Europe under EN 1564. FIG. 6 shows the strength ranges with respect to the elongation at rupture of the materials cast aluminum alloys, spheroidal graphite cast iron, ADI and the material according to the invention with the registered examples 1 to 3.
Die Gleichmässigkeit des Gefüges wird auch durch ein neues Giessverfahren erreicht. Die Giessform wird waagrecht statt senkrecht geteilt, wobei die Bremsscheiben waagrecht angeordnet sind und die Befüllung der Giessform von der Mitte aus zum Rand der Bremsscheibe durchgeführt wird. Dies hat zur Folge, dass die Giessform rotationssymmetrisch gefüllt wird und dass die Bremsscheibe nach dem Giessen von Innen nach Aussen gleichmässig abkühlt. Dadurch entsteht über den gesamten Umfang der Bremsscheibe ein gleichmässiges, homogenes Gefüge. Eine nachträgliche Wärmebehandlung, die zeitaufwendig ist und Kosten verursacht, ist nicht mehr erforderlich. The uniformity of the structure is also achieved by a new casting process. The mold is divided horizontally instead of vertically, with the brake discs are arranged horizontally and the filling of the mold is carried out from the center to the edge of the brake disc. This has the consequence that the mold is filled rotationally symmetrical and that the brake disc cools evenly after casting from inside to outside. This creates over the entire circumference of the brake disc a uniform, homogeneous structure. Subsequent heat treatment, which is time consuming and incurs costs, is no longer required.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Sphärogusslegierung für Gusseisenprodukte mit einer hohen mechanischen Festigkeit, einer hohen Verschleissfestigkeit und gleichzeitig einer hohen Zähigkeit, umfassend als Nicht-Eisenbestandteile1. Ductile cast iron alloy for cast iron products having a high mechanical strength, a high wear resistance and at the same time a high toughness, comprising as non-iron components
2.5 bis 3,8 Gew.% C, 2,4 bis 3,4 Gew.% Si, 0,02 bis 0,08 Gew.% P1 0,02 bis 0,06 Gew.% Mg, 0,01 bis 0,05 Gew.% Cr,2.5 to 3.8 wt.% C, 2.4 to 3.4 wt.% Si, 0.02 to 0.08 wt.% P 1 0.02 to 0.06 wt.% Mg, 0.01 to 0.05% by weight Cr,
0,002 bis 0,02 Gew.% AI,0.002 to 0.02% by weight of Al,
0,0005 bis 0,015 Gew.% S1 0.0005 to 0.015% by weight S 1
0,0002 bis 0,002 Gew.% B und den üblichen Verunreinigungen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sphärogusslegierung 3,0 bis 3,7 Gew.% C1 0.0002 to 0.002 wt.% B and the usual impurities, characterized in that the nodular cast iron alloy 3.0 to 3.7 wt.% C 1
2.6 bis 3,4 Gew.% Si, 0,02 bis 0,05 Gew.% P, 0,025 bis 0,045 Gew.% Mg1 0,01 bis 0,03 Gew.% Cr, 0,003 bis 0,017 Gew.% Al1 2.6 to 3.4 wt% Si, 0.02 to 0.05 wt% P, 0.025 to 0.045 wt% Mg 1 0.01 to 0.03 wt% Cr, 0.003 to 0.017 wt% Al 1
0,0005 bis 0,009 Gew.% S und 0,0004 bis 0,002 Gew.% B enthält.0.0005 to 0.009 wt% S and 0.0004 to 0.002 wt% B.
2. Sphärogusslegierung nach dem Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung 0,1 bis 1 ,5 Gew.% Cu, vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 0,8 Gew.% Cu enthält.2. nodular cast iron alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that the alloy contains 0.1 to 1, 5 wt.% Cu, preferably 0.5 to 0.8 wt.% Cu.
3. Sphärogusslegierung nach dem Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung 0,1 bis 1 ,0 Gew.% Mn, vorzugsweise 0,15 bis 0,2 Gew.% Mn enthält. 3. nodular cast iron alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that the alloy contains 0.1 to 1, 0 wt.% Mn, preferably 0.15 to 0.2 wt.% Mn.
4. Sphärogusslegierung nach dem Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung 0,1 bis 1 ,5 Gew.% Cu, vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 0,8 Gew.% Cu und 0,1 bis 1 ,0 Gew.% Mn, vorzugsweise 0,15 bis 0,2 Gew.% Mn enthält.4. nodular cast iron alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that the alloy 0.1 to 1, 5 wt.% Cu, preferably 0.5 to 0.8 wt.% Cu and 0.1 to 1, 0 wt.% Mn , preferably 0.15 to 0.2 wt.% Mn.
5. Sphärogusslegierung nach dem Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung 0,1 bis 1 ,5 Gew.% Mn, vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 1 ,0 Gew.% Mn und 0,05 bis 1 ,0 Gew.% Cu, vorzugsweise 0,05 bis 0,2 Gew.% Cu enthält.5. nodular cast iron alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that the alloy 0.1 to 1, 5 wt.% Mn, preferably 0.5 to 1, 0 wt.% Mn and 0.05 to 1, 0 wt.% Cu , preferably 0.05 to 0.2 wt.% Cu.
6. Sphärogusslegierung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Graphitanteil unmittelbar nach dem Giessen und6. ductile iron alloy according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the graphite part immediately after casting and
Abkühlen zu mehr als 90 % des vorhandenen Graphits kugelförmig und/oder würmchenförmig ausgebildet ist.Cooling is formed to more than 90% of the existing graphite spherical and / or vermicular.
7. Sphärogusslegierung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kristallgefüge des Gussteiles unmittelbar nach dem7. nodular cast iron alloy according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the crystal structure of the casting immediately after the
Giessen und Abkühlen zu 70 bis 90 % perlitisch ausgebildet ist.Casting and cooling is designed to be 70 to 90% pearlitic.
8. Sphärogusslegierung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kristallgefüge des Gussteiles unmittelbar nach dem Giessen und Abkühlen 200 bis 700 Sphärolithen pro mm2 aufweist.8. ductile iron alloy according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the crystal structure of the casting immediately after casting and cooling 200 to 700 spherulites per mm 2 .
9. Sphärogusslegierung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gussteil eine Brinellhärte von mehr als 220 aufweist.9. ductile iron alloy according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the casting has a Brinell hardness of more than 220.
10. Sphärogusslegierung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Graphitteilchen eine Grössenverteilung von mindestens 30% der Grosse 8, 10% bis 70% der Grosse 7 und höchstens 20% der Grosse 6 gemäss DIN EN ISO 945 aufweisen. 10. ductile iron alloy according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the graphite particles have a size distribution of at least 30% of the size 8, 10% to 70% of the size 7 and at most 20% of the size 6 according to DIN EN ISO 945.
11. Sphärogusslegierung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gussteil eine Bruchdehnung A5 von 5 bis 14 % bei einer Zugfestigkeit Rm von 900 bis 600 MPa aufweist.11. ductile iron alloy according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the casting has an elongation at break A5 of 5 to 14% at a tensile strength Rm of 900 to 600 MPa.
12. Sphärogusslegierung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gussteil eine Bruchdehnung A5 von 5 bis 14 % bei einer Dehngrenze Rp 0.2 von 600 bis 400 MPa aufweist.12. nodular cast iron alloy according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the casting has an elongation at break A5 of 5 to 14% at a yield strength R p 0.2 of 600 to 400 MPa.
13. Sphärogusslegierung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie für Fahrwerksteiie in Kraftfahrzeugen verwendet wird.13. nodular cast iron alloy according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it is used for Fahrwerksteiie in motor vehicles.
14. Sphärogusslegierung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie für Querlenker in Kraftfahrzeugen verwendet wird.14. nodular cast iron alloy according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it is used for control arms in motor vehicles.
15. Sphärogusslegierung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie für Radträger in Kraftfahrzeugen verwendet wird.15. Ductile cast iron alloy according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it is used for wheel carriers in motor vehicles.
16. Sphärogusslegierung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie für Schwenklager in Kraftfahrzeugen verwendet wird.16. nodular cast iron alloy according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it is used for pivot bearings in motor vehicles.
17. Sphärogusslegierung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie für Bremsscheiben in Kraftfahrzeugen verwendet wird. 17. ductile iron alloy according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it is used for brake discs in motor vehicles.
18. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussteiles aus einer Sphärogusslegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach dem Giessen und Abkühlen des Gussteiies keine Wärmebehandlung des Gussteiles erfolgt.18. A process for producing a cast part from a nodular cast iron alloy according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that no heat treatment of the cast part takes place after casting and cooling of the cast iron.
19. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussteiles nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Giessform waagrecht geteilt ist, wobei das Gussteil waagrecht in der Giessform angeordnet ist.19. A method for producing a cast part according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the mold is divided horizontally, wherein the casting is arranged horizontally in the mold.
20. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines rotationssymmetrischen Gussteiles nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Giessform von dem Mittelpunkt des Gussteiies aus rotationssymmetrisch befüllt wird. 20. A method for producing a rotationally symmetrical casting according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the casting mold is filled from the center of the Gußiies from rotationally symmetrical.
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