EP1830508B1 - Apparatus and method for transmitting/receiving a signal in a mobile communication system using a multiple input multiple output scheme - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for transmitting/receiving a signal in a mobile communication system using a multiple input multiple output scheme Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1830508B1
EP1830508B1 EP07004376.5A EP07004376A EP1830508B1 EP 1830508 B1 EP1830508 B1 EP 1830508B1 EP 07004376 A EP07004376 A EP 07004376A EP 1830508 B1 EP1830508 B1 EP 1830508B1
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symbols
matrix
space
encoding
represented
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1830508A2 (en
EP1830508A3 (en
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Ji-Won c/o Samsung Elect Co. Ltd. Bang
Young-Kwan c/o Samsung Elec. Co. Ltd. Choi
Dong-Ku c/o Samsung Elec. Co. Ltd. Kim
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Seoul National University Industry Foundation
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Seoul National University Industry Foundation
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0618—Space-time coding
    • H04L1/0625—Transmitter arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/00009—Production of simple or compound lenses
    • B29D11/0048—Moulds for lenses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/30—Mounting, exchanging or centering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/34—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor movable, e.g. to or from the moulding station
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0618—Space-time coding
    • H04L1/0637—Properties of the code
    • H04L1/0668—Orthogonal systems, e.g. using Alamouti codes

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to an apparatus and method for transmitting/receiving a signal in a mobile communication system, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for transmitting/receiving a signal that can reduce a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) and decoding complexity in a mobile communication system using a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scheme.
  • PAPR peak to average power ratio
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • An actual transmitted signal may be significantly distorted due to the information loss. This distortion may be a factor degrading the overall performance of a wireless communication system.
  • Various error control techniques according to channel characteristics are used to reduce the information loss. Among the error control techniques, one technique uses error-correcting codes.
  • the diversity schemes are used to eliminate communication instability due to the fading effect.
  • the diversity schemes can be classified into a time diversity scheme, a frequency diversity scheme and an antenna diversity scheme, that is, a space diversity scheme.
  • the antenna diversity scheme uses multiple antennas and is divided into a receive (Rx) antenna diversity scheme using multiple Rx antennas, a transmit (Tx) antenna diversity scheme using multiple Tx antennas, and a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scheme using multiple Rx antennas and multiple Tx antennas.
  • Rx receive
  • Tx transmit
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • a kind of the MIMO scheme is a space-time coding (STC) scheme.
  • the STC scheme extends time-domain coding to a space domain and achieves a lower error rate by transmitting signals encoded in a predefined coding scheme using multiple Tx antennas.
  • Vahid Tarokh, et al. proposed space-time block coding (STBC) as one method of efficiently applying the antenna diversity scheme (see Vahid Tarokh, et al., "Space-Time Block Coding from Orthogonal Designs", IEEE Trans. on Info., Theory, Vol. 45, pp. 1456-1467, Jul. 1999 ).
  • the STBC scheme is an extension of the Tx antenna diversity scheme of S. M. Alamouti for two or more Tx antennas (see S. M. Alamouti, "A Simple Transmitter Diversity Technique for Wireless Communications", IEEE Journal on Selected Area in Communications, Vol. 16, pp.1451-1458, Oct. 1988 ).
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a structure of a signal transmitter of a MIMO mobile communication system using STBC and four Tx antennas proposed by Vahid Tarokh.
  • the signal transmitter includes a modulator 100, a serial-to-parallel (S/P) converter 102, a space-time block encoder 104, and four Tx antennas, that is, a first Tx antenna (Tx. ANT 1) 106 to a fourth Tx antenna (Tx. ANT 4) 112.
  • the modulator 100 When information/data bits are input, the modulator 100 generates modulated symbols by modulating the input information/data bits according to a modulation scheme and then outputs the modulated symbols to the S/P converter 102.
  • the modulation scheme can use, for example, any one of binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), phase shift keying (PSK), and the like.
  • the S/P converter 102 receives and parallel converts the modulated symbols serially output from the modulator 100 and then outputs the parallel converted modulated symbols to the space-time block encoder 104. It is assumed that the modulated symbols serially output from the modulator 100 are s 1 , s 2 , s 3 and s 4 . Using an STBC process, the space-time block encoder 104 encodes the four modulated symbols, that is, s 1 , s 2 , s 3 and s 4 , input from the S/P converter 102 and then outputs the following encoded modulated symbols.
  • G 4 s 1 s s s 3 s 4 ⁇ s 2 s 1 ⁇ s 4 s 3 ⁇ s 3 s 4 s 1 ⁇ s 2 ⁇ s 4 ⁇ s 3 s 2 s 1 s 1 * s 2 * s 3 * s 4 * ⁇ s 2 * s 1 * ⁇ s 4 * s 3 * ⁇ s 3 * ⁇ s 4 * s 1 * ⁇ s 2 * ⁇ s 4 * ⁇ s 3 * s 2 * s 1 *
  • G 4 denotes a coding matrix of symbols to be transmitted via the four Tx antennas 106 to 112.
  • elements of each row are mapped to the Tx antennas and elements of each column are mapped to the Tx antennas in the associated time intervals.
  • s 1 , s 2 , s 3 and s 4 are transmitted via the first, second, third and fourth Tx antennas 106, 108, 110 and 112, respectively.
  • ⁇ s 4 * , ⁇ s 3 * , s 2 * and s 1 * are transmitted via the first, second, third and fourth Tx antennas 106, 108, 110 and 112, respectively.
  • the space-time block encoder 104 controls the input modulated symbols to be transmitted via the four Tx antennas for the eight time intervals by applying negative and conjugate operations to the input modulated symbols. Since the symbols transmitted via the four Tx antennas are mutually orthogonal, a diversity gain equal to the diversity order may be achieved.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the structure of the signal receiver mapped to the structure of the signal transmitter of FIG. 1 .
  • the signal receiver is provided with multiple antennas, for example, P number of Rx antennas, that is, a first Rx antenna (Rx. ANT 1) 200 to a P-th Rx antenna (Rx. ANT P) 202, a channel estimator 204, a signal combiner 206, a detector 208, a parallel-to-serial (P/S) converter 210, and a demodulator 212.
  • P number of Rx antennas that is, a first Rx antenna (Rx. ANT 1) 200 to a P-th Rx antenna (Rx. ANT P) 202, a channel estimator 204, a signal combiner 206, a detector 208, a parallel-to-serial (P/S) converter 210, and a demodulator 212.
  • P/S parallel-to-serial
  • the first Rx antenna 200 to the P-th Rx antenna 202 receive signals transmitted via the four Tx antennas from the signal transmitter as described with reference to FIG. 1 .
  • the signals received by the first Rx antenna 200 to the P-th Rx antenna 202 are output to the channel estimator 204 and the signal combiner 206.
  • the channel estimator 204 estimates channel coefficients representing channel gains and outputs the channel coefficients to the detector 208 and the signal combiner 206.
  • the signal combiner 206 combines the signals received via the first Rx antenna 200 to the P-th Rx antenna 202 with the channel coefficients output from the channel estimator 204, and outputs received symbols to the detector 208.
  • the detector 208 generates hypothesis symbols by multiplying the received symbols output from the signal combiner 206 by the channel coefficients output from the channel estimator 204, computes decision statistics for all possible symbols transmitted from the signal transmitter using the hypothesis symbols, detects modulated symbols transmitted from the signal transmitter through threshold detection, and outputs the modulated symbols to the P/S converter 210.
  • the P/S converter 210 receives and serially converts the modulated symbols parallel output from the detector 208 and outputs the serially converted modulated symbols to the demodulator 212.
  • the demodulator 212 receives the serially converted modulated symbols output from the P/S converter 210 and recovers the original information bits by demodulating the symbols in a demodulation scheme mapped to a modulation scheme applied to the modulator 100 of the signal transmitter.
  • the S. M. Alamouti proposed STBC scheme is advantageous in that a diversity order equal to the product of the number of Tx antennas and that of the Rx antennas, that is, full diversity order, may be achieved without degrading a data rate even when the signal transmitter transmits complex symbols via two Tx antennas.
  • the full diversity order may be achieved using space-time block codes in the form of a matrix with orthogonal columns.
  • a data rate may be reduced to 1/2 since four complex symbols are transmitted for eight time intervals.
  • reception performance may be degraded in a fast fading channel environment since eight time intervals are required to transmit one signal block, that is, four symbols.
  • an aspect of the present invention is to address at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described below. Accordingly, an aspect of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for transmitting/receiving a signal at a full diversity gain and a full data rate in a mobile communication system using a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scheme.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • a further aspect of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for transmitting/receiving a signal that can reduce decoding complexity in a MIMO mobile communication system.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for transmitting/receiving a signal that can reduce a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) in a MIMO mobile communication system.
  • PAPR peak to average power ratio
  • a signal transmitter for use in a communication system, that includes: a first pre-encoder for generating an upper pre-encoding symbol stream by pre-encoding an input upper transmission vector according to a pre-encoding scheme; a second pre-encoder for generating a lower pre-encoding symbol stream by pre-encoding an input lower transmission vector according to the pre-encoding scheme; and a space-time mapper for generating a space-time mapping matrix by space-time mapping the upper and lower pre-encoding symbol streams according to a space-time mapping scheme based on the number of transmit antennas to be used in the signal transmitter, and controlling a codeword to be generated and transmitted according to whether a null transmission is present in the space-time mapping matrix.
  • a signal receiver for use in a communication system, that includes a channel estimator for estimating a channel response by channel estimating a received symbol stream; a signal combiner for dividing and generating an upper reception symbol vector and a lower reception symbol vector by combining signals of the received symbol stream with the channel response; a first maximum likelihood (ML) detector for detecting an estimated upper transmission vector by ML decoding the upper reception symbol vector; and a second ML detector for detecting an estimated lower transmission vector by ML decoding the lower reception symbol vector.
  • ML maximum likelihood
  • a method for transmitting a signal in a signal transmitter of a communication system that includes: generating an upper pre-encoding symbol stream and a lower pre-encoding symbol stream by pre-encoding an upper transmission vector and a lower transmission vector according to a pre-encoding scheme ; generating a space-time mapping matrix by space-time mapping the upper and lower pre-encoding symbol streams according to a space-time mapping scheme based on the number of transmit antennas to be used in the signal transmitter; and generating and transmitting a codeword according to whether a null transmission is present in the space-time mapping matrix.
  • a method for receiving a signal in a signal receiver of a communication system that includes: estimating a channel response by channel estimating a received symbol stream; dividing and generating an upper reception symbol vector and a lower reception symbol vector by combining signals of the received symbol stream with the channel response; and detecting an estimated upper transmission vector and an estimated lower transmission vector by ML decoding the upper and lower reception symbol vectors.
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention propose an apparatus and method for transmitting/receiving a signal at a full diversity gain and a full data rate, that is, full diversity and full rate (FDFR), in a mobile communication system using a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scheme.
  • exemplary embodiments of the present invention propose an apparatus and method for transmitting/receiving a signal that can reduce decoding complexity and a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) in a MIMO mobile communication system.
  • PAPR peak to average power ratio
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a structure of a signal transmitter of a MIMO mobile communication system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the signal transmitter can include a modulator 311, a serial-to-parallel (S/P) converter 312, two pre-encoders 313-1 and 313-2, a space-time mapper 315, and multiple antennas, for example, N T number of transmit (Tx) antennas, that is, a Tx antenna (Tx. ANT 1) 317-1 to a Tx antenna (Tx.ANT N T ) 317- N T .
  • the modulator 311 modulates the input information/data bits according to a predefined modulation scheme, generates modulated symbols, that is, a modulated symbol stream, and outputs the modulated symbol stream to the S/P converter 312.
  • the S/P converter 312 parallel converts the modulated symbol stream, and generates a first modulated symbol stream and a second modulated symbol stream.
  • the S/P converter 312 outputs the first modulated symbol stream to the pre-encoder 313-1 and also outputs the second modulated symbol stream to the pre-encoder 313-2.
  • the modulation scheme can use, for example, any one of binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), phase shift keying (PSK), and the like.
  • the pre-encoding scheme is based on a pre-encoding matrix as shown in Equation (1).
  • S Q ⁇ HLCP S Q s u 1 s u N T / 4 + 1 s l 1 s t N T / 4 + 1 0 ⁇ 0 0 S Q s u 2 s u N T / 4 + 2 s l 2 s l N T / 4 + 2 ⁇ 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0 0 ⁇ S Q s u N T / 4 s u N T / 2 s l N T / 4 s l N T / 2
  • Equation (2) S Q-HLCP denotes a matrix space-time mapped in the quasi-orthogonal scheme.
  • S Q ( s u 1 , s u 2 , s l 1 , s l 2 ) can be defined as shown in Equation (3).
  • the matrix space-time mapped in the quasi-orthogonal scheme is referred to as a space-time mapping matrix.
  • the quasi-orthogonal scheme has quasi-orthogonal characteristics in which the first and third rows are orthogonal and the second and fourth rows are orthogonal.
  • the space-time mapper 315 uses a unitary matrix according to whether a null transmission is present in the space-time mapping matrix .
  • the Hadamard unitary matrix can be used when no null transmission is present in the space-time mapping matrix S Q-HLCP .
  • the space-time mapper 315 When N T ⁇ 8, the space-time mapper 315 generates a target codeword C Q-HLCP by multiplying the space-time mapping matrix S Q - HLCP by the Hadamard unitary matrix HU.
  • the reason why the Hadamard unitary matrix HU is multiplied is that the Hadamard unitary matrix HU can effectively reduce a PAPR without affecting codeword performance characteristics, for example, the diversity, coding gain, kissing number, product distance distribution, and the like. That is, the unitary matrix U does not affect performance in a linear amplifier by reducing the PAPR, but improves performance in a nonlinear amplifier by significantly reducing non-linear distortion.
  • Equation (4) ⁇ R i , R j ⁇ denotes an inner product of and .
  • An error matrix of the codeword C Q-HLCP is denoted by E Q-HLCP and a square matrix of the error matrix E Q-HLCP is denoted by A Q-HLCP .
  • E Q-HLCP x u - x ⁇ u
  • e l x l - x ⁇ l
  • the error matrix E Q - HLCP and the square matrix A Q - HLCP of the error matrix E Q - HLCP can be expressed as shown in Equations (5) and (6), respectively.
  • Equation (8) E Q ( s u 1 , s u 2 , s l 1 , s l 2 ) of Equation (5) is expressed as shown in Equation (7) and A Q ( s u 1 , s u 2 , s l 1 , s l 2 ) of Equation (6) is expressed as shown in Equation (8).
  • 2 4 and b s u 1 s u 2 s l 1 s l 2 ⁇ 2 T e u ⁇ 1 T e u * ⁇ ⁇ 1 T e u ⁇ 2 T e u * + ⁇ 1 T e l ⁇ 2 T e l * ⁇ ⁇ 2 T e l ⁇ 1 T e l * 4 .
  • the upper and lower groups can be independently considered.
  • Maximum likelihood (ML) decoding complexity is further reduced in the codeword C Q-HLCP compared with the conventional codeword. That is, the codeword C Q-HLCP can be separated into the upper and lower groups as shown in Equation (9).
  • the codeword C Q-HLCP can have all advantages of the conventional codeword and can also reduce both the ML decoding complexity and the PAPR. Thus, it can be seen that performance is superior when the codeword C Q-HLCP is used in the MIMO mobile communication system with a nonlinear amplifier.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the structure of the signal receiver mapped to the structure of the signal transmitter of FIG. 3 .
  • the signal receiver can include multiple antennas, for example, N R number of receive (Rx) antennas (Rx. ANT 1 to Rx. ANT N R ) (not illustrated), a channel estimator 411, a signal combiner 413 and two ML detectors 415-1 and 415-2.
  • the number N R of Rx antennas can be equal to or different from the number N T of Tx antennas of the signal transmitter of FIG. 3 mapped to the signal receiver.
  • signals transmitted via the N T Tx antennas from the signal transmitter as described with reference to FIG. 3 are received via the N R Rx antennas for an N T time.
  • the signals received via the N R Rx antennas are output to the channel estimator 411 and the signal combiner 413.
  • the signals received via the N R Rx antennas for the N T time are referred to as a received symbol stream.
  • the signal combiner 413 outputs the upper reception symbol vector to the ML detector 415-1 and outputs the lower reception symbol vector to the ML detector 415-2.
  • n [ n 1 , ⁇ , n 4 ] T and n l denotes noise occurred in the signal receiver at the i -th time.
  • an estimated upper transmission vector x ⁇ u [ x ⁇ u 1 , x ⁇ u 2 ] T can be detected.
  • an estimated lower transmission vector x ⁇ l [x ⁇ l 1 ,x ⁇ l 2 ] T can be detected.
  • the present invention can achieve a full diversity gain and a full data rate by providing a space-time mapping scheme using a quasi-orthogonal scheme in a MIMO mobile communication system. Moreover, the present invention can reduce ML decoding complexity and a PAPR by providing the space-time mapping scheme using the quasi-orthogonal scheme in the MIMO mobile communication system.

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EP07004376.5A 2006-03-03 2007-03-02 Apparatus and method for transmitting/receiving a signal in a mobile communication system using a multiple input multiple output scheme Active EP1830508B1 (en)

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EP1830508A3 (en) 2012-09-12
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