EP1826484A1 - Device and method for burning a fuel - Google Patents

Device and method for burning a fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1826484A1
EP1826484A1 EP06118562A EP06118562A EP1826484A1 EP 1826484 A1 EP1826484 A1 EP 1826484A1 EP 06118562 A EP06118562 A EP 06118562A EP 06118562 A EP06118562 A EP 06118562A EP 1826484 A1 EP1826484 A1 EP 1826484A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
nozzle
compressed air
air
sleeve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06118562A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1826484B1 (en
Inventor
Marcel Caminada
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TEMPRATEC Ltd
Original Assignee
TEMPRATEC Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TEMPRATEC Ltd filed Critical TEMPRATEC Ltd
Priority to US12/280,394 priority Critical patent/US20090011378A1/en
Priority to PCT/IB2007/050276 priority patent/WO2007096788A1/en
Publication of EP1826484A1 publication Critical patent/EP1826484A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1826484B1 publication Critical patent/EP1826484B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/101—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet
    • F23D11/102—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet in an internal mixing chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
    • F23D11/441—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners
    • F23D11/448—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners heated by electrical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/14—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermo-sensitive resistors
    • F23N5/143—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermo-sensitive resistors using electronic means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of combustion technology and relates to an apparatus for burning a liquid or powdered fuel with a spray nozzle, a valve assembly for controlling the supply of fuel, a compressed air connection, a mixing chamber for mixing the fuel with compressed air and a Having nozzle opening for atomizing a mist of fuel in compressed air.
  • a means for preheating the fuel to a predetermined temperature which is mounted in a nozzle stem enclosing the nozzle.
  • the invention further relates to a method for burning a fuel by means of the aforementioned device.
  • Such devices are well known in the field of combustion technology and are for example with a EP-A-0 566 855 or EP-A-0 731 315 operated known compressed air Oelzerstäuberdüse.
  • the fuel oil to be burned is injected at a pressure of several (about 5 bar) through a compressed air atomizing nozzle in the burner chamber and thereby atomized.
  • a membrane with a biased by a compression spring firing piston EP-A-0 566 855
  • a membrane clamped between two springs EP-A-0 731 315
  • the essential finding of the present invention is that, in contrast to the conventional compressed air atomizing nozzles, the compressed air is used as an energy source and control medium for the valve assembly.
  • the supply of liquid or powdered fuel can be carried out with a lower pressure and thus a very accurate control of the valve assembly can be achieved.
  • the compressed air used for the control sucks in the liquid or powdery fuel due to the negative pressure, so that even in the mixing chamber is an excellent mixing or atomization of the fuel with the compressed air.
  • FIG. 1 shows a combustion device 1 with a spray nozzle 2, a jacket 3 with a compressed air connection 4 and an oil preheater 5.
  • the casing 3 substantially surrounds the oil preheater 5, so that the compressed air, which flows through the casing 3, from the same time Preheater 5 is preheated to about the same temperature as the oil.
  • the Oelvor Anlagenr 5 consists of a shaft 6 with a wound on this resistance heater 7 and a plastic housing 8 for the connections 9 for the heating coil.
  • a fuel supply pipe 10 is mechanically connected to the shaft 6.
  • a connecting sleeve 12 is screwed, which carries on the other side of the atomizing nozzle 2 by means of a screwed fastening sleeve 13.
  • connection sleeve 12 is provided with a so-called Volustatdrossel 14 with a small flow hole 15, wherein the fuel pressure and the flow rate are reduced. Further, a coarse mesh filter 16 made of sintered metal is mounted in front of the Volustatdrossel 14. With the help of the throttle 14, the pumping pressure of the oil is reduced and at the same time, depending on the power requirement, the desired amount of oil is metered as a function of the pump pressure.
  • the throttle 14 can also be installed in the nozzle directly after the oil pump.
  • an axially symmetrical receiving space 21 is formed between the mounting sleeve 13 and the screwed nozzle body 20 of the atomizer nozzle 2.
  • an axial blind hole 22 is formed in the nozzle body 20, which tapers frustoconically up to a nozzle opening 23 of the nozzle body 20 at its base.
  • an axially symmetrical insert 24 is screwed in this blind hole 22 of the nozzle body 20, in this blind hole 22 of the nozzle body 20, an axially symmetrical insert 24 is screwed.
  • the rear, the nozzle opening 23 facing away from the end of the insert 24 has a front sleeve portion 25 which is inserted into the nozzle sleeve formed as a connecting sleeve 12 and sealed there.
  • the sealing takes place by means of an O-ring 26.
  • this O-ring 26 rests against the inner wall of an axial sliding space 27 of the connecting sleeve 12, into which a feed line 28 for the liquid or pulverulent fuel flows.
  • the receiving space 21 of the mounting sleeve 13 compressed air - shown with arrows 30 - fed.
  • the receiving space 21 then goes through air supply lines or holes 50 - see below - in a substantially cylindrical annular gap 31 formed between the insert 24 and the nozzle body 20, and which in turn because of the frusto-conical taper of the blind bore 22 in the nozzle opening 23 in a substantially frusto-conical gap 32 passes.
  • the cylindrical annular gap 31 is formed by the fact that the diameter of the blind hole 22 is slightly larger than the diameter of the front, the nozzle opening 22 facing sleeve portion 25 of the insert 24.
  • the frusto-conical gap 32 is formed by a corresponding axial offset between the frusto-conical bottom of the blind hole 22 and a front portion of an axially symmetrical clamping element 33 arranged on the insert 24 described below.
  • the bottom of the blind bore 22 is occupied by guide channels running approximately tangentially to the nozzle opening 23 (not shown), as shown in FIGS EP-A-0 566 855 shown.
  • the cylindrical annular gap 31 and the frusto-conical gap 32 thus together form an axially symmetrical space between the insert 24 and the nozzle body 20.
  • a continuous axial bore 36 is formed in a middle part 34 and subsequently in the rear sleeve portion 35 of the insert 24, which is connected to the rear with the sliding space 27 and with the supply line 28 for oil.
  • this axial bore 36 tapers, wherein the end of a ring wall 37 is surrounded.
  • the upper edge of the annular wall 37 is located in the same plane as a ring shoulder 42 of the front sleeve portion 25 so that on the other side of the annular wall 37 designed as a mixing chamber annular groove 38 is formed, which via radial bores or radial channels 39 with the cylindrical annular gap 31 in conjunction stands.
  • a disk-shaped membrane 41 On the upper edge of the annular wall 37 is a disk-shaped membrane 41, which engages over the annular groove 38 and rests with its edge on the annular shoulder 42 of the front sleeve portion 25. On this annular shoulder 42, the membrane 41 is clamped by means of a clamping element 33 at its edge.
  • This Clamping member 33 is pushed into the front sleeve portion 25 with a press-fit and fixed so.
  • this clamping element 33 In the region of the bottom of the blind hole 22 of the nozzle body 20, this clamping element 33 is frusto-conically shaped toward the nozzle opening 23 to form the frusto-conical gap 32 of the above-mentioned axially symmetric gap.
  • a blind hole 43 is formed, in which a closing piston 44 is slidably held.
  • the pressure piston 45 is supported on the one hand against the funnel-shaped bottom of a blind bore 46 in Schliesskolben 44 and on the other hand against a funnel-shaped bottom of the blind hole 43. From this floor leads, moreover, a relief hole 48 for frustoconical Gap 32, which is arranged axially to the opposite nozzle opening 23 of the nozzle body 20.
  • bores 50 are provided which lead from the receiving space 21 to the annular groove 38. These holes 50 connect the receiving space 21 with the annular groove 38, so that the compressed air 30 is directed directly to the membrane 41.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 the atomizing nozzle 2 with the valve or the membrane 41 is shown in the open state or in the closed state.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 A specific flame tube 55 is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, which is fastened in the threaded bores 56 by means of screws on a conventional fastening tube (not shown here).
  • the combustion device shown in Figure 1 has on the front of a conventional - not shown here - mixing system with ignition electrodes and is mounted with the sputtering nozzle 2 at the beginning of the flame tube 55.
  • the flame tube 55 is largely tapered in the entry region 57 and screwed onto the attachment tube only at the bulges 58 which correspond to the inner diameter of the attachment tube, so that the heat is absorbed Flame tube is limited to the mounting tube is transferred.
  • the flame tube 55 is preferably made of a ceramic material.
  • the fire tube 55 may also be made of metal and internally lined with a felt of refractory ceramic fibers or with an inner tube vacuum-pressed or drawn from ceramic fibers.
  • the sheath 3 (see Fig. 1) is coated on the flame side with such a felt. This lining or felt prevents the spray from condensing in the cold state on the relatively cold surface of the flame tube 55. Further, the felt isolates the flame tube 55 and the jacket 3 from the hot flame, so that there is less material aging.
  • FIG. 8 shows a pneumatic-hydraulic control scheme for the combustion device 1 according to the invention.
  • a control electronics 60 with a heater 61, a sensing element 62 and a thermostat 63 is provided in the holder of the compressed air atomizing nozzle 1, a control electronics 60 with a heater 61, a sensing element 62 and a thermostat 63 is provided.
  • the thermostat 63 is connected to a timing relay 64.
  • a motor M on the one hand a double diaphragm compressor 66 and on the other hand an oil pump 67 is driven.
  • a solenoid valve 69 and an air pressure switch 70 and an air pressure regulation 71 are provided in the oil supply line 72.
  • a solenoid valve 73 is provided in the oil supply line 72.
  • FIG. 9 shows a variant of the atomizer nozzle 2.
  • the same elements are identified by the same reference numerals, and not further explained here.
  • an axially symmetrical clamping element 33 ' is fixed, which with the bottom of the blind hole 22' a frusto-conical gap 32 'with tangential to the nozzle opening 23' forms running guide channels.
  • the firing piston 44 ' is now formed with a circumferential annular groove 82, in which an O-ring 83 is inserted, which completely seals the gap between the firing piston and the clamping element 33'.
  • a sealing disc 84 made of rubber is now inserted in a keisscale-shaped recess 85, which forms the valve.
  • the insert 24' are now formed as air supply lines, parallel to the axial bore 36 'arranged holes 50' are provided, which lead to the annular groove 38 '.
  • This annular groove 38 ' is towards the center in a frusto-conical annular groove 86 which is sealed by the sealing disc 84.
  • This sealing disc 84 simultaneously seals the axial bore 36 ', which serves to supply oil.
  • the burner When the burner receives a pulse to start the combustion process, first fuel in the nozzle with the oil preheater is warmed up to a maximum temperature of 80 ° C, to prevent the oil from coking.
  • the timer relay 64 After release by the thermostat 63, the timer relay 64 is activated with an adjustable residence time. For highly flammable oils such as mineral oil, the residence time can be set to zero so that the burner starts immediately. For flame retardant fuels such as vegetable oils, the residence time can be set to several minutes, so that the generated heat can propagate through the Volustatdrossel 14 to the nozzle 2. After the set time has elapsed, the burner is started.
  • the compressed air is built up with the double-diaphragm compressor 66 and then stops at the solenoid valve 69.
  • the solenoid valve 69 is opened.
  • the pressurized air then flows in the direction of nozzle 2. So that the compressed air does not cool the fuel to be atomized, it is guided on the oil preheater 5 in the casing 3.
  • the preheated air is at the valve or on the membrane 41 of the nozzle 2 at.
  • the valve or membrane 41 is opened and flows the oil into the annular groove 38 formed as a mixing chamber, so that air and oil are mixed and the oil is taken away by the outflowing air.
  • the negative pressure generated at the nozzle opening 23 also acts on the firing piston 44 and thus on the membrane 41.
  • the fuel flowing out of the valve is entrained by the passing air and shortly before the nozzle exit by tangential channels (as shown in Figures 2 and 3 of EP-A-0 566 855 known) brought to rotation.
  • the flame tube 55 can be adjusted with an adjustable recirculation gap on the mounting tube, whereby the combustion can be additionally optimized.

Abstract

u The fluid or powder is supplied through a central duct [28] and passes through a heater stage to be drawn into the mixing chamber [42] into which high pressure air flows [21]. A spring loaded piston valve [44] is displaced using a diaphragm [41] to force the fuel through an atomising nozzle [23].

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf das Gebiet der Verbrennungstechnik und betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen eines flüssigen oder pulverförmigen Brennstoffes mit einer Zerstäuberdüse, die eine Ventilanordnung für die Steuerung der Zufuhr des Brennstoffes, einen Druckluftanschluss, eine Mischkammer für die Mischung des Brennstoffes mit Druckluft und eine Düsenöffnung zur Zerstäubung eines Nebels von Brennstoff in Druckluft aufweist. Es ist ferner eine Einrichtung zum Vorwärmen des Brennstoffes auf eine vorbestimmte Temperatur vorgesehen, welche in einem die Düse einfassenden Düsenstock angebracht ist. Die Erfindung betrifft des weiteren ein Verfahren zum Verbrennen eines Brennstoffes mittels der vorgenannten Vorrichtung.The present invention relates to the field of combustion technology and relates to an apparatus for burning a liquid or powdered fuel with a spray nozzle, a valve assembly for controlling the supply of fuel, a compressed air connection, a mixing chamber for mixing the fuel with compressed air and a Having nozzle opening for atomizing a mist of fuel in compressed air. There is further provided a means for preheating the fuel to a predetermined temperature, which is mounted in a nozzle stem enclosing the nozzle. The invention further relates to a method for burning a fuel by means of the aforementioned device.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

Solche Vorrichtungen sind auf dem Gebiet der Verbrennungstechnik allgemein bekannt und werden beispielsweise mit einer aus EP-A-0 566 855 oder EP-A-0 731 315 bekannten Druckluft-Oelzerstäuberdüse betrieben. Bei ölbetriebenen Heizungsanlagen wird das zu verbrennende Heizöl unter einem Druck von mehreren (etwa 5 bar) durch eine Druckluft-Zerstäuberdüse in den Brennerraum eingespritzt und dabei zerstäubt. Um zu verhindern, dass das Heizoel beim Abschalten des Brenners durch den hohen Druck nachtröpfelt, ist in den vorgenannten Druckschriften eine Membrane mit einem von einer Druckfeder vorgespannten Schiesskolben ( EP-A-0 566 855 ) oder eine zwischen zwei Federn eingespannte Membrane ( EP-A-0 731 315 ) vorgesehen.Such devices are well known in the field of combustion technology and are for example with a EP-A-0 566 855 or EP-A-0 731 315 operated known compressed air Oelzerstäuberdüse. In oil-fired heating systems, the fuel oil to be burned is injected at a pressure of several (about 5 bar) through a compressed air atomizing nozzle in the burner chamber and thereby atomized. In order to prevent the Heizoel nachzutöpfelt when switching off the burner by the high pressure, in the aforementioned publications, a membrane with a biased by a compression spring firing piston ( EP-A-0 566 855 ) or a membrane clamped between two springs ( EP-A-0 731 315 ) intended.

Diese bekannten Vorrichtungen sind speziell für Heizöl ausgebildet, das aufgrund der umwelttechnischen Vorschriften besondere Qualitäten einhalten muss. Es ist insbesondere nicht möglich, andere pflanzliche Oele wie Rapsoel oder auch Fett mit einer solchen Vorrichtung zu verbrennen.These known devices are specially designed for fuel oil, which must comply with special qualities due to environmental regulations. In particular, it is not possible to burn other vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil or fat with such a device.

DARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNGPRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Es ist nun Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine solche Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von flüssigen Brennstoffen derart zu verbessern, dass eine Verbrennung von andersartigen Oelen und Fetten als Heizoel ermöglicht wird.It is an object of the present invention to improve such a device for the combustion of liquid fuels so that a combustion of different types of oils and fats is made possible as a heating oil.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 und durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 6 gelöst.This object is achieved by a device having the features of patent claim 1 and by a method having the features of patent claim 6.

Die wesentliche Erkenntnis der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, dass im Gegensatz zu den herkömmlichen Druckluft-Zerstäuberdüsen die Druckluft als Energieträger und Steuermedium für die Ventilanordnung eingesetzt wird. Dadurch kann die Zufuhr von flüssigem oder pulverförmigem Brennstoff mit einem geringeren Druck erfolgen und somit eine sehr genaue Steuerung der Ventilanordnung erreicht werden. Die für die Steuerung verwendete Druckluft saugt aufgrund des Unterdrucks den flüssigen oder pulverförmigen Brennstoff an, so dass schon in der Mischkammer eine ausgezeichnete Vermischung bzw. Zerstäubung des Brennstoffes mit der Druckluft erfolgt.The essential finding of the present invention is that, in contrast to the conventional compressed air atomizing nozzles, the compressed air is used as an energy source and control medium for the valve assembly. Thereby, the supply of liquid or powdered fuel can be carried out with a lower pressure and thus a very accurate control of the valve assembly can be achieved. The compressed air used for the control sucks in the liquid or powdery fuel due to the negative pressure, so that even in the mixing chamber is an excellent mixing or atomization of the fuel with the compressed air.

Mit der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung können verschiedene Brennstoffarten und Brennstoffqualitäten verbrannt werden, ohne dass irgendwelche Teile ausgetauscht werden müssen. Es können auch Brennstoffe mit einer Beimischung von bis zu 20 % Wasser problemlos verbrannt werden. Wenn die Druckluft durch reinen Sauerstoff ersetzt wird, wird ein Teil des als Nebel mitgeführten Wasser zersetzt und verbrannt, was einer höheren Flammentemperatur zur Folge hat.With the device according to the invention different types of fuel and fuel qualities can be burned without having to replace any parts. It is also fuel with an admixture of up to 20% water can be easily burned. When the compressed air is replaced by pure oxygen, part of the mist-entrained water is decomposed and burned, resulting in a higher flame temperature.

Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung folgen aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen und aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in welcher die Erfindung anhand eines in den schematischen Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert wird. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine Verbrennungsvorrichtung mit einer Zerstäuberdüse, einem Vorwärmer und einer Druckluftzufuhr,
Fig. 2
die Zerstäuberdüse der Fig. 1 in weiteren Einzelheiten, eingespannt in einem Düsenstock mit einer Ummantelung, kurz vor dem Öffnen des Ventils,
Fig. 3
dieselbe Zerstäuberdüse der Fig. 2 mit geschlossenem Ventil,
Fig. 4
dieselbe Zerstäuberdüse der Fig. 2 bei geöffnetem Ventil,
Fig. 5
dieselbe Zerstäuberdüse der Fig. 2 nach dem Schliessen des Ventils,
Fig. 6
einen Querschnitt in Längsrichtung durch ein Flammrohr,
Fig. 7
einen Querschnitt in Querrichtung durch das Flammrohr der Fig. 6,
Fig. 8
ein pneumatisches-hydraulisches Steuerschema für die Steuerung der Verbrennungsvorrichtung, und
Fig. 9
eine Variante der Zerstäuberdüse.
Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and from the following description in which the invention with reference to an embodiment shown in the schematic drawings is explained in more detail. It shows:
Fig. 1
a combustion device with a spray nozzle, a preheater and a compressed air supply,
Fig. 2
1 in more detail, clamped in a nozzle with a sheath, just before opening the valve, the atomizer nozzle of FIG.
Fig. 3
the same atomizer nozzle of Fig. 2 with the valve closed,
Fig. 4
same atomizing nozzle of Figure 2 with the valve open,
Fig. 5
same atomizing nozzle of Fig. 2 after closing the valve,
Fig. 6
a cross section in the longitudinal direction through a flame tube,
Fig. 7
a transverse cross-section through the flame tube of Fig. 6,
Fig. 8
a pneumatic-hydraulic control scheme for the control of the combustion device, and
Fig. 9
a variant of the atomizer nozzle.

BESCHREIBUNG DER ERFINDUNGDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In den Figuren sind für dieselben Elemente jeweils dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet worden und erstmalige Erklärungen betreffen alle Figuren, wenn nicht ausdrücklich anders erwähnt.In the figures, the same reference numerals have been used for the same elements and first explanations apply to all figures, unless expressly stated otherwise.

In der Figur 1 ist eine Verbrennungsvorrichtung 1 mit einer Zerstäubungsdüse 2, einer Ummantelung 3 mit einem Druckluftanschluss 4 und einem Oelvorwärmer 5 gezeigt. Die Ummantelung 3 umgibt im wesentlichen den Oelvorwärmer 5, so dass die Druckluft, welche durch die Ummantelung 3 strömt, gleichzeitig vom Vorwärmer 5 in etwa auf dieselbe Temperatur wie das Oel vorgewärmt wird. Der Oelvorwärmer 5 besteht aus einem Schaft 6 mit einer auf diesem aufgewickelten Widerstandsheizung 7 und einem Kunststoffgehäuse 8 für die Anschlüsse 9 für die Heizwicklung. Ein Brennstoff-Zufuhrrohr 10 ist mechanisch mit dem Schaft 6 verbunden. Auf den Oelvorwärmer 5 ist eine Verbindungshülse 12 geschraubt, die auf der anderen Seite die Zerstäubungsdüse 2 mittels einer angeschraubten Befestigungshülse 13 trägt. Die Verbindungshülse 12 ist mit einer sogenannten Volustatdrossel 14 mit einem kleinen Durchflussloch 15 versehen, bei welchem der Brennstoffdruck und der Durchfluss verringert werden. Ferner ist vor der Volustatdrossel 14 ein grobmaschiger Filter 16 aus Sintermetall angebracht. Mit Hilfe der Drossel 14 wird der Pumpdruck des Oels abgebaut und gleichzeitig je nach Leistungsbedarf die gewünschte Oelmenge in Abhängigkeit des Pumpendrucks dosiert. Die Drossel 14 kann auch statt im Düsenstock unmittelbar nach der Oelpumpe eingebaut werden.FIG. 1 shows a combustion device 1 with a spray nozzle 2, a jacket 3 with a compressed air connection 4 and an oil preheater 5. The casing 3 substantially surrounds the oil preheater 5, so that the compressed air, which flows through the casing 3, from the same time Preheater 5 is preheated to about the same temperature as the oil. The Oelvorwärmer 5 consists of a shaft 6 with a wound on this resistance heater 7 and a plastic housing 8 for the connections 9 for the heating coil. A fuel supply pipe 10 is mechanically connected to the shaft 6. On the Oelvorwärmer 5, a connecting sleeve 12 is screwed, which carries on the other side of the atomizing nozzle 2 by means of a screwed fastening sleeve 13. The connection sleeve 12 is provided with a so-called Volustatdrossel 14 with a small flow hole 15, wherein the fuel pressure and the flow rate are reduced. Further, a coarse mesh filter 16 made of sintered metal is mounted in front of the Volustatdrossel 14. With the help of the throttle 14, the pumping pressure of the oil is reduced and at the same time, depending on the power requirement, the desired amount of oil is metered as a function of the pump pressure. The throttle 14 can also be installed in the nozzle directly after the oil pump.

Anhand der Figuren 2 und 3 werden weiteren Einzelheiten der Zerstäubungsdüse 2 dargestellt und erklärt. Zwischen der Befestigungshülse 13 und dem eingeschraubten Düsenkörper 20 der Zerstäuberdüse 2 ist ein axialsymmetrischer Aufnahmeraum 21 gebildet. Von diesem Aufnahmeraum 21 her gesehen ist im Düsenkörper 20 eine axiale Sacklochbohrung 22 eingeformt, welche sich an ihrem Grund kegelstumpfförmig bis zu einer Düsenöffnung 23 des Düsenkörpers 20 verjüngt. In dieser Sacklochbohrung 22 des Düsenkörper 20 ist ein axialsymmetrischer Einsatzes 24 eingeschraubt. Das hintere, der Düsenöffnung 23 abgewandte Ende des Einsatzes 24 weist einen vorderen Hülsenabschnitt 25 auf, der in die als Düsenstock ausgebildete Verbindungshülse 12 eingesetzt und dort abgedichtet geführt ist. Die Abdichtung erfolgt durch einen O-Ring 26. Dieser O-Ring 26 liegt andererseits an der Innenwand eines axialen Gleitraumes 27 der Verbindungshülse 12, in die eine Zuleitung 28 für den flüssigen oder pulverförmigen Brennstoff mündet.With reference to Figures 2 and 3 further details of the atomizing nozzle 2 are shown and explained. Between the mounting sleeve 13 and the screwed nozzle body 20 of the atomizer nozzle 2, an axially symmetrical receiving space 21 is formed. Seen from this receiving space 21, an axial blind hole 22 is formed in the nozzle body 20, which tapers frustoconically up to a nozzle opening 23 of the nozzle body 20 at its base. In this blind hole 22 of the nozzle body 20, an axially symmetrical insert 24 is screwed. The rear, the nozzle opening 23 facing away from the end of the insert 24 has a front sleeve portion 25 which is inserted into the nozzle sleeve formed as a connecting sleeve 12 and sealed there. The sealing takes place by means of an O-ring 26. On the other hand, this O-ring 26 rests against the inner wall of an axial sliding space 27 of the connecting sleeve 12, into which a feed line 28 for the liquid or pulverulent fuel flows.

In den Aufnahmeraum 21 der Befestigungshülse 13 wird Druckluft - mit Pfeilen 30 dargestellt - zugeführt. Der Aufnahmeraum 21 geht dann über Luftzufuhrleitungen oder Bohrungen 50 - siehe unten - in einen im wesentlichen zylindrischen Ringspalt 31 über, der zwischen dem Einsatz 24 und dem Düsenkörper 20 gebildet ist, und welcher seinerseits wegen bei der kegelstumpfförmigen Verjüngung der Sacklochbohrung 22 in zur Düsenöffnung 23 hin in einen im wesentlichen kegelstumpfförmigen Spalt 32 übergeht. Der zylindrische Ringspalt 31 entsteht dadurch, dass der Durchmesser der Sacklochbohrung 22 etwas grösser ist als der Durchmesser des vorderen, der Düsenöffnung 22 zugewandten Hülsenabschnittes 25 des Einsatzes 24. Der kegelstumpfförmige Spalt 32 entsteht durch einen entsprechenden axialen Versatz zwischen dem kegelstumpfförmigen Grund der Sacklochbohrung 22 und einer Frontpartie eines weiter unten beschriebenen, am Einsatz 24 angeordneten axialsymmetrischen Klemmelements 33. Der Grund der Sacklochbohrung 22 ist mit - hier nicht dargestellten - etwa tangential zur Düsenöffnung 23 verlaufenden Leitkanälen belegt, wie in den Figuren 2 und 3 der EP-A-0 566 855 gezeigt. Der zylindrische Ringspalt 31 und der kegelstumpfförmige Spalt 32 bilden somit zusammen einen axialsymmetrischen Zwischenraum zwischen dem Einsatz 24 und dem Düsenkörper 20.In the receiving space 21 of the mounting sleeve 13 compressed air - shown with arrows 30 - fed. The receiving space 21 then goes through air supply lines or holes 50 - see below - in a substantially cylindrical annular gap 31 formed between the insert 24 and the nozzle body 20, and which in turn because of the frusto-conical taper of the blind bore 22 in the nozzle opening 23 in a substantially frusto-conical gap 32 passes. The cylindrical annular gap 31 is formed by the fact that the diameter of the blind hole 22 is slightly larger than the diameter of the front, the nozzle opening 22 facing sleeve portion 25 of the insert 24. The frusto-conical gap 32 is formed by a corresponding axial offset between the frusto-conical bottom of the blind hole 22 and a front portion of an axially symmetrical clamping element 33 arranged on the insert 24 described below. The bottom of the blind bore 22 is occupied by guide channels running approximately tangentially to the nozzle opening 23 (not shown), as shown in FIGS EP-A-0 566 855 shown. The cylindrical annular gap 31 and the frusto-conical gap 32 thus together form an axially symmetrical space between the insert 24 and the nozzle body 20.

Von dem vorderen Hülsenabschnitt 25 her gesehen ist in ein Mittelteil 34 und daran anschliessend in den hinteren Hülsenabschnitt 35 des Einsatzes 24 eine durchgehende Axialbohrung 36 eingeformt, welche nach hinten mit dem Gleitraum 27 und mit der Zuleitung 28 für Öl in Verbindung steht. Am ihrem anderen Ende verjüngt sich diese Axialbohrung 36, wobei das Ende von einem Ringwall 37 umgeben ist. Die Oberkante des Ringwalles 37 liegt in derselben Ebene wie einen Ringabsatz 42 des vorderen Hülsenabschnittes 25, so dass auf der anderen Seite des Ringwalles 37 eine als Mischkammer ausgebildete Ringnut 38 ausgebildet ist, welche über Radialbohrungen oder radiale Kanäle 39 mit dem zylindrischen Ringspalt 31 in Verbindung steht.Seen from the front sleeve portion 25, a continuous axial bore 36 is formed in a middle part 34 and subsequently in the rear sleeve portion 35 of the insert 24, which is connected to the rear with the sliding space 27 and with the supply line 28 for oil. At its other end, this axial bore 36 tapers, wherein the end of a ring wall 37 is surrounded. The upper edge of the annular wall 37 is located in the same plane as a ring shoulder 42 of the front sleeve portion 25 so that on the other side of the annular wall 37 designed as a mixing chamber annular groove 38 is formed, which via radial bores or radial channels 39 with the cylindrical annular gap 31 in conjunction stands.

Auf der Oberkante des Ringwalls 37 liegt eine scheibenförmige Membran 41 auf, welche die Ringnut 38 übergreift und mit ihrem Rand auf dem Ringabsatz 42 des vorderen Hülsenabschnittes 25 aufliegt. Auf diesen Ringabsatz 42 wird die Membran 41 mittels eines Klemmelementes 33 an ihrem Rand festgeklemmt. Dieses Klemmelement 33 ist in den vorderen Hülsenabschnitt 25 mit einem Press-Sitz hineingeschoben und so befestigt. Im Bereich des Grundes der Sacklochbohrung 22 des Düsenkörpers 20 ist dieses Klemmelement 33 zur Düsenöffnung 23 hin kegelstumpfförmig ausgeformt, um den kegelstumpfförmigen Spalt 32 des oben erwähnten axialsymmetrischen Zwischenraumes zu bilden.On the upper edge of the annular wall 37 is a disk-shaped membrane 41, which engages over the annular groove 38 and rests with its edge on the annular shoulder 42 of the front sleeve portion 25. On this annular shoulder 42, the membrane 41 is clamped by means of a clamping element 33 at its edge. This Clamping member 33 is pushed into the front sleeve portion 25 with a press-fit and fixed so. In the region of the bottom of the blind hole 22 of the nozzle body 20, this clamping element 33 is frusto-conically shaped toward the nozzle opening 23 to form the frusto-conical gap 32 of the above-mentioned axially symmetric gap.

In das Klemmelement 33 ist eine Sacklochbohrung 43 eingeformt, in welcher ein Schliesskolben 44 gleitend gehalten ist. Dieser Schliesskolben 44 drückt mittels einer Druckfeder 45 gegen die Membran 41. Die Druckfeder 45 stützt sich einerseits gegen den trichterförmigen Boden einer Sacklochbohrung 46 im Schliesskolben 44 und andererseits gegen einen trichterförmigen Boden der Sacklochbohrung 43. Aus diesem Boden führt im übrigen eine Entlastungsbohrung 48 zum kegelstumpfförmigen Spalt 32, welche axial zur gegenüberliegenden Düsenöffnung 23 des Düsenkörpers 20 angeordnet ist.In the clamping element 33, a blind hole 43 is formed, in which a closing piston 44 is slidably held. The pressure piston 45 is supported on the one hand against the funnel-shaped bottom of a blind bore 46 in Schliesskolben 44 and on the other hand against a funnel-shaped bottom of the blind hole 43. From this floor leads, moreover, a relief hole 48 for frustoconical Gap 32, which is arranged axially to the opposite nozzle opening 23 of the nozzle body 20.

Ferner sind im Mittelteil 34 des Einsatzes 24 als Luftzufuhrleitungen ausgebildeten Bohrungen 50 vorgesehen, die vom Aufnahmeraum 21 zur Ringnut 38 führen. Diese Bohrungen 50 verbinden den Aufnahmeraum 21 mit der Ringnut 38, so dass die Druckluft 30 direkt auf die Membran 41 gerichtet ist.Further, in the middle part 34 of the insert 24 formed as air supply lines bores 50 are provided which lead from the receiving space 21 to the annular groove 38. These holes 50 connect the receiving space 21 with the annular groove 38, so that the compressed air 30 is directed directly to the membrane 41.

In den Figuren 4 und 5 ist die Zerstäuberdüse 2 mit dem Ventil oder der Membran 41 in geöffnetem Zustand bzw. in geschlossenem Zustand dargestellt.In FIGS. 4 and 5, the atomizing nozzle 2 with the valve or the membrane 41 is shown in the open state or in the closed state.

In den Figuren 6 und 7 ist ein spezielles Flammrohr 55 gezeigt, dass auf einem hier nicht-dargestellten, üblichen Befestigungsrohr mittels Schrauben in die Gewindebohrungen 56 befestigt ist. Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Verbrennungsvorrichtung weist auf der Vorderseite ein übliches - hier nicht weiter dargestelltes - Mischsystem mit Zündelektroden auf und wird mit der Zerstäubungsdüse 2 eingangs des Flammrohrs 55 montiert. Wie nun aus den Figuren 6 und 7 ersichtlich, ist das Flammrohr 55 im Eingangsbereich 57 grösstenteils verjüngt und lediglich an den Ausbuchtungen 58, die dem Innendurchmesser des Befestigungsrohres entsprechen, am Befestigungsrohr angeschraubt, so dass die Wärme im Flammrohr nur beschränkt auf das Befestigungsrohr übertragen wird. Das Flammrohr 55 ist vorzugsweise aus einem Keramik-Werkstoff hergestellt. Durch den sogenannten Rezirkulationspalt zwischen dem Flammrohr 55 und dem Befestigungsrohr werden nun heisse Abgase der Flamme nochmals zugeführt. Diese Abgase werden von aussen am Flammrohr 55 durch den Rezirkulationsspalt zurückgesogen. Durch die mitgesaugten Gase werden optimalere Abgaswerte erreicht.A specific flame tube 55 is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, which is fastened in the threaded bores 56 by means of screws on a conventional fastening tube (not shown here). The combustion device shown in Figure 1 has on the front of a conventional - not shown here - mixing system with ignition electrodes and is mounted with the sputtering nozzle 2 at the beginning of the flame tube 55. As can now be seen from FIGS. 6 and 7, the flame tube 55 is largely tapered in the entry region 57 and screwed onto the attachment tube only at the bulges 58 which correspond to the inner diameter of the attachment tube, so that the heat is absorbed Flame tube is limited to the mounting tube is transferred. The flame tube 55 is preferably made of a ceramic material. By the so-called recirculation gap between the flame tube 55 and the mounting tube now hot exhaust gases of the flame are supplied again. These exhaust gases are sucked back from the outside of the flame tube 55 through the recirculation gap. The gases sucked in achieve better exhaust gas values.

Das Flammrohr 55 kann auch aus Metall hergestellt und inwendig mit einem Filz aus feuerfesten Keramikfasern oder mit einem aus Keramikfasern vakuumgepressten bzw. gezogenen Innenrohr ausgekleidet sein. Vorzugsweise ist auch die Ummantelung 3 (siehe Fig. 1) auf der Flammenseite mit einem solchen Filz überzogen. Diese Auskleidung bzw. Filz verhindert, dass der Sprühnebel im kalten Zustand an der relativ kalten Oberfläche des Flammrohrs 55 kondensiert. Ferner isoliert der Filz das Flammrohr 55 und die Ummantelung 3 von der heissen Flamme, so dass es eine geringere Materialalterung gibt.The fire tube 55 may also be made of metal and internally lined with a felt of refractory ceramic fibers or with an inner tube vacuum-pressed or drawn from ceramic fibers. Preferably, the sheath 3 (see Fig. 1) is coated on the flame side with such a felt. This lining or felt prevents the spray from condensing in the cold state on the relatively cold surface of the flame tube 55. Further, the felt isolates the flame tube 55 and the jacket 3 from the hot flame, so that there is less material aging.

In Figur 8 ist ein pneumatisch-hydraulisches Steuerschema für die erfindungsgemässen Verbrennungsvorrichtung 1 dargestellt. In der Halterung der Druckluft-Zerstäuberdüse 1 ist eine Regelelektronik 60 mit einer Heizung 61, einem Fühlelement 62 und einem Thermostat 63 vorgesehen. Der Thermostat 63 ist mit einem Zeitrelais 64 verbunden. Mittels eines Motors M wird einerseits einen Doppelmembranverdichter 66 und andererseits eine Ölpumpe 67 angetrieben. In der Druckluft-Zufuhrleitung 68 ist ein Magnetventil 69 und sind ein Luftdruck-Wächter 70 und eine Luftdruck-Regulierung 71 vorgesehen. In der Oel-Zufuhrleitung 72 ist ein Magnetventil 73 vorgesehen.FIG. 8 shows a pneumatic-hydraulic control scheme for the combustion device 1 according to the invention. In the holder of the compressed air atomizing nozzle 1, a control electronics 60 with a heater 61, a sensing element 62 and a thermostat 63 is provided. The thermostat 63 is connected to a timing relay 64. By means of a motor M on the one hand a double diaphragm compressor 66 and on the other hand an oil pump 67 is driven. In the compressed air supply line 68 is a solenoid valve 69 and an air pressure switch 70 and an air pressure regulation 71 are provided. In the oil supply line 72, a solenoid valve 73 is provided.

In Figur 9 ist eine Variante der Zerstäuberdüse 2 dargestellt. Dieselben Elemente sind mit denselben Bezugszeichen gekennzeichnet, und hier nicht weiter erläutert. In der Sacklochbohrung 22' des Düsenkörpers 20' ist ein axialsymmetrisches Klemmelement 33' befestigt, welches mit der Grund der Sacklochbohrung 22' einen kegelstumpfförmigen Spalt 32' mit tangential zur Düsenöffnung 23' verlaufenden Leitkanälen bildet. Der Schiesskolben 44' ist nunmehr mit einer umlaufenden Ringnut 82 ausgebildet, in welcher ein O-Ring 83 eingelegt, welche den Spalt zwischen Schiesskolben und Klemmelement 33' vollkommen abdichtet. Anstelle der Membrane 41 der Ausführung der Figur 1 ist nunmehr eine Dichtungsscheibe 84 aus Gummi in einer keisscheibenförmigen Ausnehmung 85 eingelegt, welche das Ventil bildet. Im Mittelteil 34' des Einsatzes 24' sind nunmehr als Luftzufuhrleitungen ausgebildete, parallel zur Axialbohrung 36' angeordnete Bohrungen 50' vorgesehen, welche zur Ringnut 38' führen. Diese Ringnut 38' geht zum Zentrum hin in eine kegelstumpfförmige Ringnut 86 über, die von der Dichtungscheibe 84 abgedichtet ist. Diese Dichtungsscheibe 84 dichtet gleichzeitig die Axialbohrung 36' ab, welche zur Oelzufuhr dient.FIG. 9 shows a variant of the atomizer nozzle 2. The same elements are identified by the same reference numerals, and not further explained here. In the blind bore 22 'of the nozzle body 20', an axially symmetrical clamping element 33 'is fixed, which with the bottom of the blind hole 22' a frusto-conical gap 32 'with tangential to the nozzle opening 23' forms running guide channels. The firing piston 44 'is now formed with a circumferential annular groove 82, in which an O-ring 83 is inserted, which completely seals the gap between the firing piston and the clamping element 33'. Instead of the diaphragm 41 of the embodiment of FIG. 1, a sealing disc 84 made of rubber is now inserted in a keisscheibe-shaped recess 85, which forms the valve. In the middle part 34 'of the insert 24' are now formed as air supply lines, parallel to the axial bore 36 'arranged holes 50' are provided, which lead to the annular groove 38 '. This annular groove 38 'is towards the center in a frusto-conical annular groove 86 which is sealed by the sealing disc 84. This sealing disc 84 simultaneously seals the axial bore 36 ', which serves to supply oil.

Die Funktionsweise der Verbrennungsvorrichtung 1 lässt sich nun anhand der Figuren wie folgt erklären:The operation of the combustion device 1 can now be explained with reference to the figures as follows:

Wenn der Brenner einen Impuls zum Starten des Verbrennungsvorgangs erhält, wird zuerst Brennstoff im Düsenstock mit dem Oelvorwärmer bis zu einer Temperatur von maximal 80 °C aufgewärmt, um zu verhindern, dass das Öl verkokst. Nach Freigabe durch den Thermostat 63 wird das Zeitrelais 64 mit einer einstellbaren Verweilzeit aktiviert. Bei leicht entzündbaren Oelen wie Mineralöl kann die Verweilzeit auf Null eingestellt werden, so dass der Brenner sofort startet. Bei schwer entflammbaren Brennstoffen wie Pflanzenölen kann die Verweilzeit auf mehrere Minuten eingestellt werden, so dass die erzeugte Wärme über die Volustatdrossel 14 bis zur Düse 2 fortpflanzen kann. Nachdem die eingestellte Zeit abgelaufen ist, wird der Brenner gestartet.When the burner receives a pulse to start the combustion process, first fuel in the nozzle with the oil preheater is warmed up to a maximum temperature of 80 ° C, to prevent the oil from coking. After release by the thermostat 63, the timer relay 64 is activated with an adjustable residence time. For highly flammable oils such as mineral oil, the residence time can be set to zero so that the burner starts immediately. For flame retardant fuels such as vegetable oils, the residence time can be set to several minutes, so that the generated heat can propagate through the Volustatdrossel 14 to the nozzle 2. After the set time has elapsed, the burner is started.

Während der Vorspülzeit des Brenners wird die Druckluft mit dem Doppelmembranverdichter 66 aufgebaut und steht dann am Magnetventil 69 an. Wenn der Steuerautomat des Brenners die Startfreigabe gibt, wird das Magnetventil 69 geöffnet. Die unter Druck stehende Luft strömt dann Richtung Düse 2. Damit die Druckluft den zu zerstäubenden Brennstoff nicht abkühlt, wird sie am Oelvorwärmer 5 in der Ummantelung 3 geführt. Die vorgewärmte Luft steht am Ventil oder an der Membran 41 der Düse 2 an. Sobald der Druck der Druckluft grösser ist als der vom Schiesskolben 44 und der Druckfeder 45 auf die Membran 41 ausgeübte Gegendruck, wird das Ventil oder die Membran 41 geöffnet und fliesst das Öl in die als Mischkammer ausgebildete Ringnut 38, so dass Luft und Öl vermischt werden und das Öl durch die ausströmende Luft mitgenommen wird. Auch der bei der Düsenöffnung 23 erzeugte Unterdruck wirkt zusätzlich auf den Schiesskolben 44 und somit auf die Membran 41. Der aus dem Ventil ausströmende Brennstoff wird von der vorbeiströmende Luft mitgenommen und kurz vor dem Düsenaustritt durch Tangentialkanälen (wie aus den Figuren 2 und 3 der EP-A-0 566 855 bekannt) zur Rotation gebracht. Durch diese Rotation und die Vorwärtsströmung des Brennstoff-Luftgemisches entsteht beim Verlassen der Düsenöffnung 23 ein extrem feiner Brennstoffnebel, der einem Gas ähnlich ist. Durch diese feine Vernebelung oder Vergasung ist das schwer entflammbare Gemisch zündfreudiger geworden. Das entzündete Gemisch brennt um so besser, da die Flamme nicht nur von aussen mit Luft versorgt wird, sondern die Druckluft, welche zur Zerstäubung dient, reagiert jetzt auch von der Flammenmitte gegen aussen, was die Verbrennung deutlich beschleunigt. Die Verbrennung findet vorzugsweise in einem Flammrohr 55 statt, das mit Vorteil aus einer Keramik besteht. Die aus dem Flammrohr 55 austretende Abgase weisen keinerlei unverbrannte Rückstände auf und bedürfen somit keiner Nachverbrennung.During the pre-purging of the burner, the compressed air is built up with the double-diaphragm compressor 66 and then stops at the solenoid valve 69. When the controller of the burner gives the start release, the solenoid valve 69 is opened. The pressurized air then flows in the direction of nozzle 2. So that the compressed air does not cool the fuel to be atomized, it is guided on the oil preheater 5 in the casing 3. The preheated air is at the valve or on the membrane 41 of the nozzle 2 at. As soon as the pressure of the compressed air is greater than the counterpressure exerted by the firing piston 44 and the compression spring 45 on the membrane 41, the valve or membrane 41 is opened and flows the oil into the annular groove 38 formed as a mixing chamber, so that air and oil are mixed and the oil is taken away by the outflowing air. The negative pressure generated at the nozzle opening 23 also acts on the firing piston 44 and thus on the membrane 41. The fuel flowing out of the valve is entrained by the passing air and shortly before the nozzle exit by tangential channels (as shown in Figures 2 and 3 of EP-A-0 566 855 known) brought to rotation. As a result of this rotation and the forward flow of the fuel-air mixture, an extremely fine fuel mist, which is similar to a gas, is produced on leaving the nozzle opening 23. Through this fine nebulization or gasification, the flame-retardant mixture has become more adventurous. The ignited mixture burns all the better because the flame is not only supplied with air from the outside, but the compressed air, which is used for atomization, now also reacts from the flame center to the outside, which significantly accelerates the combustion. The combustion preferably takes place in a flame tube 55, which advantageously consists of a ceramic. The exiting from the flame tube 55 exhaust gases have no unburned residues and thus require no afterburning.

Es versteht sich für den Fachmann, dass die Funktionsweise der Zerstäuberdüse gemäss Figur 9 ähnlich ist. Auch hier wird der Schiesskolben 44' durch den Überdruck zur Düsenöffnung 23' hin bewegt und somit das Ventil geöffnet.It is understood by those skilled in the art that the operation of the atomizer nozzle according to FIG. 9 is similar. Again, the shooting piston 44 'is moved by the overpressure to the nozzle opening 23' out and thus opened the valve.

Das Flammrohr 55 kann mit einem verstellbaren Rezirkulationsspalt am Befestigungsrohr eingestellt werden, wodurch die Verbrennung zusätzlich optimiert werden kann.The flame tube 55 can be adjusted with an adjustable recirculation gap on the mounting tube, whereby the combustion can be additionally optimized.

Claims (11)

Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen eines flüssigen oder pulverförmigen Brennstoffes mit einer Zerstäuberdüse (2), die eine Ventilanordnung (41) für die Steuerung der Zufuhr des Brennstoffes, einen Druckluftanschluss (4), eine Mischkammer (38) für die Mischung des Brennstoffes mit Druckluft und eine Düsenöffnung (23) zur Zerstäubung eines Nebels von Brennstoff in Druckluft aufweist, mit einer Zuleitung (28) für den Brennstoff und mit einer Einrichtung (5) zum Vorwärmen des Brennstoffes auf eine vorbestimmte Temperatur, welche in einem die Düse (2) einfassenden Düsenstock vorgesehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Luftkanäle in einer die Vorwärmeinrichtung (5) umgebenden Ummantelung (3) und eine Befestigungshülse (13) mit an die Luftkanäle anschliessenden Verbindungskanälen vorgesehen sind, wobei die Ummantelung (3) mit dem Düsenstock (12) der Zerstäuberdüse (2) einen Ringspalt (21) für die Zufuhr und Erwärmung der Druckluft bildet, und dass vom Ringspalt (21) ausgehende Luftzufuhrleitungen (50) im Düsenkörper (20) vorgesehen sind, derart, dass die Ventilanordnung (41) von der Druckluft ansteuerbar ist.Apparatus for burning a liquid or powdery fuel with a spray nozzle (2) comprising a valve arrangement (41) for controlling the supply of fuel, a compressed air connection (4), a mixing chamber (38) for mixing the fuel with compressed air and a nozzle opening (23) for atomising a mist of fuel in compressed air, having a supply line (28) for the fuel and with a device (5) for preheating the fuel to a predetermined temperature which is provided in a nozzle rod enclosing the nozzle (2) , characterized in that air ducts in a surrounding the preheating device (5) sheath (3) and a fastening sleeve (13) are provided with connecting channels to the air ducts, wherein the sheath (3) with the nozzle (12) of the atomizer nozzle (2) forms an annular gap (21) for the supply and heating of the compressed air, and that of the annular gap (21) outgoing Air supply lines (50) are provided in the nozzle body (20), such that the valve arrangement (41) can be driven by the compressed air. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ventilanordnung von einer eingespannten Membrane (41) oder von einer Druckscheibe (84) gebildet ist und die Düse (2) einen axialen, von der Membrane abgeschlossenen Brennstoffkanal (36) aufweist, und die Luftzufuhrleitungen (50) den Brennstoffkanal radial umgeben und auf die Membrane oder die Druckscheibe stossen.Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the valve arrangement is formed by a clamped diaphragm (41) or by a thrust washer (84) and the nozzle (2) has an axial fuel channel (36) closed off from the diaphragm, and the air supply lines ( 50) radially surround the fuel channel and push on the membrane or the pressure plate. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens zwei Luftzufuhrleitungen (50) vorgesehen sind, welche auf einen gleichen Abstand gegenüberliegend zum Brennstoffkanal angeordnet sind.Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that at least two air supply lines (50) are provided, which are arranged at an equal distance opposite to the fuel channel. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mischkammer von einer den Brennstoffkanal (36) umgebende Ringnut (38) gebildet ist, in welche die Luftzufuhrleitungen (50) münden.Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the mixing chamber of a fuel channel (36) surrounding the annular groove (38) is formed, in which the air supply lines (50) open. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Düsenstock von einer Verbindungshülse (12) mit einer Drossel (14) zur Verringerung der Durchflussmenge und des Brennstoffdruckes gebildet ist.Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the nozzle is formed by a connecting sleeve (12) with a throttle (14) for reducing the flow rate and the fuel pressure. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungshülse (12) flüssigkeitsdicht mit der Übergangshülse (13) befestigt und die Übergangshülse (13) flüssigkeitsdicht mit dem Düsenkörper (2) befestigt ist.Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the connecting sleeve (12) fixed liquid-tight with the transition sleeve (13) and the transition sleeve (13) is fixed liquid-tight with the nozzle body (2). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungshülse (12) mittels einer Schraubverbindung mit der Übergangshülse (13) und die Übergangshülse (13) mittels einer Schraubverbindung mit dem Düsenkörper (20) befestigt ist.Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the connecting sleeve (12) by means of a screw connection with the transition sleeve (13) and the transition sleeve (13) by means of a screw connection to the nozzle body (20) is attached. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ausgangs der Zerstäubungsdüse (2) ein Flammrohr (55) vorzugsweise aus einer Keramik oder inwendig mit einer Auskleidung aus Keramikfasern vorgesehen ist, welches am hinteren, der Zerstäubungs-düse (2) zugewandten Ende im wesentlichen verjüngt ist, so dass zwischen einem Befestigungrohr und dem Flammrohr (55) einen Rezirkulationsspalt gebildet ist.Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at the outlet of the atomizing nozzle (2) a flame tube (55) is preferably made of a ceramic or internally with a lining of ceramic fibers, which at the rear, the atomizing nozzle (2) facing End is substantially tapered, so that between a mounting tube and the flame tube (55) is formed a recirculation gap. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor dem Druckluftanschluss (4) ein Magnetventil (73) vorgesehen ist, welches mittels eines Zeitverzögerungsrelais (64) über eine Brennersteuerung geschaltet wird, um den Brennstoff während einer vorbestimmten Zeit zu erwärmen und nach Ablauf dieser Zeit die Ventilanordnung (41) zu öffnen und den Brennvorgang zu starten.Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in front of the compressed air connection (4) a solenoid valve (73) is provided, which is switched by means of a time delay relay (64) via a burner control to heat the fuel for a predetermined time and after this time to open the valve assembly (41) and start the firing process. Verfahren zum Verbrennen eines Brennstoffes mit einer Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein flüssiger oder pulverförmiger Brennstoff in einer Zuleitung (28) mittels einer Vorwärmeinrichtung (5) vorgewärmt und zu einer Ventilanordnung (41) zugeführt wird, dass Druckluft in unmittelbarer Nähe der Vorwärmeinrichtung (5) vorgewärmt wird und über Luftzufuhrleitungen (50) im Düsenkörper (20) auf die Ventilanordnung (41) zugeführt wird, derart, dass die Druckluft die Ventilanordnung (41) ansteuert.Method for burning a fuel with a device according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a liquid or pulverulent fuel is preheated in a feed line (28) by means of a preheating device (5) and fed to a valve arrangement (41), that compressed air in the immediate vicinity of the preheating device (5) is preheated and is supplied via air supply lines (50) in the nozzle body (20) on the valve assembly (41), such that the compressed air controls the valve assembly (41). Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Druckluft nach einer Zeitverzögerung die Ventilanordnung (41) öffnet, um den Brennstoff während einer vorbestimmten Zeit mittels der Vorwärmeinrichtung (5) vorzuwärmen und den Brennvorgang nach Ablauf dieser vorbestimmten Zeit zu starten.A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the compressed air after a time delay, the valve assembly (41) opens to preheat the fuel for a predetermined time by means of the preheater (5) and to start the firing after this predetermined time.
EP06118562A 2006-02-22 2006-08-07 Device and method for burning a fuel Not-in-force EP1826484B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/280,394 US20090011378A1 (en) 2006-02-22 2007-01-26 Apparatus and Method for Burning a Fuel
PCT/IB2007/050276 WO2007096788A1 (en) 2006-02-22 2007-01-26 Apparatus and method for burning a fuel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2822006 2006-02-22

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EP1826484A1 true EP1826484A1 (en) 2007-08-29
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EP (1) EP1826484B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE446478T1 (en)
DE (1) DE502006005173D1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE446478T1 (en) 2009-11-15
DE502006005173D1 (en) 2009-12-03
US20090011378A1 (en) 2009-01-08
EP1826484B1 (en) 2009-10-21

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