EP1825740B1 - Method and device for determining the compacting properties of crops - Google Patents

Method and device for determining the compacting properties of crops Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1825740B1
EP1825740B1 EP07100410A EP07100410A EP1825740B1 EP 1825740 B1 EP1825740 B1 EP 1825740B1 EP 07100410 A EP07100410 A EP 07100410A EP 07100410 A EP07100410 A EP 07100410A EP 1825740 B1 EP1825740 B1 EP 1825740B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compression
determining
sample
crop
crop material
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EP07100410A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1825740A1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Dr. Haffert
Peter Dr. Degen
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Claas Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen GmbH
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Claas Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen GmbH
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D43/00—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing
    • A01D43/08—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing with means for cutting up the mown crop, e.g. forage harvesters
    • A01D43/085—Control or measuring arrangements specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for determining the compaction of crop according to the preamble of claims 1 and 9.
  • a measuring device for determining erntegut- and / or fördenspezifischer parameters on an agricultural machine is known.
  • the measuring device is located directly on the discharge fan of a forage harvester, wherein the measuring device engages directly in the Erntegutstrom and determined from the direct contact with the subsidized crop a parameter of the crop, such as the Good moisture.
  • a disadvantage of this embodiment is that the determination of a parameter in strong dependence on Erntegut besatz takes place, which also conclusions on the compaction property and thus on the applied compaction force for optimal compaction of the crop can not be drawn.
  • a sampling device wherein crop material is bypassed from the crop stream.
  • the non-throughput samples obtained in this way can be used to develop calibrations of NIR measurement systems. But also information about quality parameters of the crop, such as moisture, can be obtained in this way.
  • the problem of determining the compression of the crop is determined by the in the DE 102 30 475 A1 revealed version not solved.
  • the compaction characteristics of crops significantly influence the ontine sensing of crop throughputs, but on the other hand they are of great importance for the optimization of crop compaction processes, such as the storage of crops in silos Case is. So the stability of a silage largely depends on the compaction of the crop to be stored. If the newly cut crops are not permanently and conscientiously compacted in the silo structure, residual oxygen is trapped in the individual crop layers applied, which can eventually lead to the formation of undesirable organisms such as yeasts and fungi and false fermentation, which in turn significantly reduces the nutritional value of the silage.
  • the compressive force to be applied is in turn dependent on the compressibility of the cut crop, which are particularly dependent on parameters such as the moisture content or the crotch length of the crop.
  • a crop sample taken from the current harvesting operation is for this purpose pre-compressed in a sample chamber by means of a compacting piston movable therein.
  • At least one compaction element associated with the compaction device simultaneously loads the specimen by translational movement onto the specimen and moves relative to the specimen with a rotating or oscillating movement the own longitudinal axis moves, one to the state of the Technique improved determination of the compaction property of crop can be achieved.
  • the fact that the sample is compressed by loading and rotational movement of the compression element, cavities occurring in bulky crop, whereby unwanted measurement fluctuations occur, are almost completely closed and a more accurate measure of the compression can be determined.
  • the at least one compression element loads the sample by translational movement to the sample and moves at the same time relative to a rotary and oscillating motion, thus act in addition to the vertical force simultaneously shear forces on the sample, causing a closing of cavities and thus an optimal Compaction of the bulk sample is possible.
  • the compression force introduced by the compression element in the sample can be adapted to different Erntegutart and structures.
  • a measure of the compaction property of the crop is derived from the determined compaction of the crop sample.
  • the determined recovery behavior of the crop is further applications available.
  • a particularly advantageous development results when the further application is the operation of an agricultural machine with a compacting device in a silo and before the delivery of sillerenden crop, the operator of the agricultural machine at least the determined return behavior gets notified, the operator on the basis of this Communication can adjust the effect of the compression device.
  • the agricultural working machine is a forage harvester with at least one intake and a deflectable mounted pre-press roller for compressing the at least one feed and Vorpresswalze promoted crop, wherein based on the deflection of the at least one pre-press the Erntegut eversatz by the agricultural work machine determines, during the compaction process of the sample in the compaction device, the compaction force, the associated volume and measure of the reminddehnunga the sample determines at least a ratio between the compaction force, the expansion behavior and the volume and takes into account at least one ratio in determining the Emtegut besatzes becomes.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention results in particular from the fact that at least one sensor for determining a defined pre-compression of the material sample in the compression device is present and wherein the compression device is associated with at least one compression element and the compression element loaded the sample and moves relative to this.
  • the sample is passed directly through an opening from the Erntegutstrom in the agricultural machine in the compression device.
  • Interference-prone intermediate conveyors can thereby be completely eliminated, whereby a constant availability of the device is guaranteed in the working mode.
  • the agricultural working machine is advantageously a forage harvester with a chopper drum and a chaff drum at least partially enclosing gutumlenkenden drum bottom and wherein the opening is arranged on the gutumlenkenden drum bottom.
  • a chopper drum of a forage harvester takes place by the rotating blades in an active promotion of the crop instead.
  • the arrangement of the opening on the gutumlenkenden drum bottom causes a safe removal of crop from the chopper drum. It is hereby exploited during the removal of the sample Gutumlenkung at the open opening, to promote the sample in the compression device exploited.
  • a lasting disturbance of the crop flow as well as an accumulation of good through the sample collection is excluded by the advantageous position of the opening.
  • the sample is returned from the compression device by means of at least one rotatable compression element in the Erntegutstrom the agricultural machine.
  • the good sample is thereby not lost and a clean edit field is left.
  • the further agricultural machine a control and evaluation unit is assigned and the control and evaluation unit of the rear expansion of the compressed Harvest proportional return strain signal receives and means are provided which allow a change of the compression device to be compacted in the crop to be compacted loads, it is ensured that the compaction effect of the compacting device to the expansion behavior of the crop to be compacted is customizable.
  • the loads to be introduced into the crop to be compacted include the compaction forces and the rotational or oscillating movement of the compacting element or elements, so that a flexible and rapid adaptation of the loads to the particular crop properties can be ensured by simple speed change of the compacting elements and by contact pressure control.
  • FIG. 1 In the driver's cab 2 is a display device 4 and at least one adjustment means 5 and other controls for the operation of the forage harvester 1, such as switches 6 and the driving lever 7, shown.
  • the forage harvester 1 shown is equipped with an attachment 8, by means of which the forage harvester 1 picks up unrecorded crop material from the field soil 9 and delivers it to the downstream intake assembly 10, which is brought together on its width.
  • two driven lower feed rollers 11 and two driven upper movably mounted pre-compression rollers 12, 13 are arranged within the intake unit 10. This the intake unit 10th supplied crop is pre-compressed between the feed rollers 11 and the pre-press rollers 12, 13 by the action of at least one spring 20 on the pre-press rollers 12, 13 and transferred to the following chopper drum 14.
  • the rotating chopper drum 14 chops the crop and promotes it actively along the drum base 15 in the conveying direction 16 to a Nachbevanter 17.
  • the crop we nachbelectt there and overloaded by the discharge chute 18 and the downstream chute 19 in a transport container, not shown.
  • the forage harvester 1 shown is equipped with a known to the expert yield measuring device, wherein in the FIG. 1 only the known per se and therefore unspecified gap sensor 21 for determining the distance between the rear feed roller 11 and the rear pre-press roller 13 is shown.
  • the deflection 22 of the rear pre-press drum 13 generated by the pre-pressed crop layer is billed to a harvest throughput volume by an evaluation device (not shown in detail) in conjunction with the width of the intake unit 10 and the crop speed. From the conveyed crop volume, a crop throughput in t / h can be calculated in conjunction with the density of the crop.
  • the inventive compression device 24 which operates according to the inventive method, arranged.
  • An attachment of the compression device 24 to a guide floor of a straw chopper in a combine is within the scope of the invention and requires by the obvious obvious to one skilled in the direct transferability, no further detailed explanation, Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention, when the filling of the compression device 24 during of the work process is triggered manually or takes place automatically.
  • the compression device 24 includes a compression element 25a to be described in more detail below, designed as a compression piston 25, which is movably arranged in a sample chamber 34.
  • the sample chamber 34 is aligned in the direction of travel 33 of the forage harvester 1, which corresponds approximately to the orientation of the Erntegutstroms along the drum base 15, wherein the conveying direction 16 of the crop is opposite to the direction of travel 33.
  • the compression / movement direction of the compression piston 25 within the sample chamber 34 corresponds to the design of the alignment of the sample chamber 34.
  • the drum base 15 is formed gutumlenkenden and includes an opening 23. Through this, the sample chamber 34 is filled with chopped crop in the working mode of the forage harvester 1.
  • This opening 23 itself is opened by the compression piston 25, in the position shown, for taking a sample of good from the cutterhead 14.
  • the opening 23 now comes from the chopper drum 14 chopped crop by the remaining in the region of the opening 23 Erntegutumlenkung, the acting centrifugal force and the active delivery through the chopper drum 14 directly into the sample chamber 34th
  • the compression piston 25 can be moved in accordance with the direction of arrow 26 in the sample chamber 34 and out of this, so that the compression piston 25 by impressing a compression force 27 on the sample 28 causes their compression in the longitudinal direction.
  • the compression piston 25 according to arrow 29, a relative movement in the simplest case perform a rotational or oscillating movement about its longitudinal axis 30 so that transverse forces 31 are also introduced into the good sample 28, which also move the fibers of the sample 28 in the transverse direction, so that an intense compaction effect in the good sample 28 is effected.
  • a particularly intensive compaction effect is achieved when the compaction piston 25 is formed on the sample side a dome-shaped contact head 32 in the illustrated embodiment and the contact head 32 receives a plurality of corrugated carrier 35 which act on the sample 28.
  • the movement of the compression piston 25 within the sample chamber 34 is carried out by a controlled lifting cylinder 37 used here, wherein the lifting cylinder 37 can impart to the compression piston at the same time a translational and rotational movement.
  • the expert but well-known electro-hydraulic control device causes on command of a parent sample control, also not shown, via the line 38 shown schematically, the supply of an amount of oil to the lifting cylinder 37 and thereby causes a movement of the compression piston 25 from the rear end position shown here.
  • the position of the compression piston 25 in the sample chamber 34 is detected by a position sensor 39 and queried by the sample control.
  • the position sensor 39 extends according to FIG. 1 over approximately the entire length of the compression device 24, so that it can determine the expansion of the specimen 28 in the loaded and unloaded state in addition to the position of the Verdichtungskoibens 25 at the same time.
  • the expansion of the specimen 28 in the loaded and unloaded state generates a back strain of the specimen 28 proportional decompression signal X, which at the same time is a measure of the compaction property forming the deconvolution behavior.
  • the determination of the precompression of the bulk sample can be carried out by at least one suitable sensor known to the person skilled in the art, for example by a pressure force or density sensor.
  • the sensor can be arranged in the sample chamber 34 or, for example, be formed by the sensor device 36 itself.
  • the pressure present in the line 38 is detected by a pressure sensor 41 and reported to the sample control. Based on the sensed pressure, the compression force 27 introduced into the good sample 28 is then determined in a representative manner for the defined precompression of the good sample 28.
  • the pressure sensor 41 can also be arranged on the plunger 25 or on the lifting cylinder 37 or on the supply line 38.
  • the sample control is also connected to the adjusting device 5, the display device 4 and at least one switch 6 in the driver's cab 2 in connection.
  • This can be used to activate the sampling, the specification of a Erntegutart or the position of the compression piston 25 are set for the subsequent stroke of the compression piston 25 or the discharge stroke or the threshold values for the filling and defined precompressions.
  • threshold values for different densities can be set by the adjusting device 5 or selected from a storage device so as to adapt the compacting device 24 to the different crops and their compaction characteristics.
  • bulky crops, such as longer or older grass and straw are pre-compacted up to a larger defined compaction force 27.
  • the display device 4 the current process sequence and the set and determined parameters of the sampling or the good sample 28 can be visualized to the operator of the forage harvester 1.
  • the process according to the invention for determining a crop parameter is automatically controlled by the sample controller. Based on the position of the densification pellet 25 indicated by the position sensor 39, a filling of the sample chamber 34 with crop material is detected.
  • the lifting cylinder 37 is moved by the sample control to a predetermined position, for example, until the opening 23 is closed by the Verdichtungskolbeti 25, and then returned to the end position shown. From the sample control, the filling compaction continues to be monitored during clearing on the basis of the compaction force 27 introduced into the already existing material sample 28. If the evaporation force 35 reaches a predetermined gravity value, the filling process is terminated. In the sample chamber 34, there is now a precompressed pressure that is sufficiently pre-compressed for the determination of the respective crop parameter Gutprobe 28.
  • a lesser threshold Be colllverdichtung
  • the compression force 27 or the rotary or oscillating movement 29 of the compression piston 25 is preselected and only the final compression of the sample 28, the defined pre-compression causes.
  • the defined pre-compression for example, the predetermined by a second threshold values in the sample control compression force 27 in the sample 28 is initiated.
  • the sample control in a conventional manner, the position of the compression piston 25 and the volume of the sample 28, the compression force 27 and the reminddehnutigs the good sample 28 constantly determine and store in a memory located in the sample control as value pairs. From the recorded measured values, the ratio between the volume of the sample 28 and the compression force 27 is determined and then gives a corresponding characteristic. Since the volume of the precompressed stock sample 28 in the sample chamber 34 is not the same after each good sampling, the recorded characteristics are respectively normalized to a ratio value or to a predetermined compression. This makes it possible to compare characteristics and read correction factors.
  • the compression force 27 and the rotational movement 29 of the compression piston 25 depending on the Erntegutart and / or their Ernteguteigenschaft be changed. This is particularly important because it is well known that the compaction ability of a good worsens with decreasing moisture level, so that this effect can be counteracted by more intense compaction of the sample 28.
  • the moisture content of a crop and in the illustrated embodiment of the sample 28 can be determined by means of the aforementioned sensor device 36 in such a way that it is arranged on the rear wall 42 of the sample chamber 34 and includes a known, for example, capacitive humidity sensor.
  • the values determined by the moisture sensor are determined with reference to a known material volume. For a meaningful result, it is therefore necessary that the moisture value, which refers to a different sample volume, is corrected accordingly. A corresponding correction of the moisture value determined by the humidity sensor is thus possible from the volume of the good sample 28 located within the sample chamber 34 according to the invention.
  • the compression device 24, the associated sensor device 36 and the position sensor 29 described are part of a yield measuring device 43, which can determine a crop yield of the forage harvester 1 continuous material flow by integrating a known, the mass of the crop 28 determining weighing device 44, by determining a good density and a good volume from the various measured variables.
  • a yield measuring device 43 can determine a crop yield of the forage harvester 1 continuous material flow by integrating a known, the mass of the crop 28 determining weighing device 44, by determining a good density and a good volume from the various measured variables.
  • the yield measuring device 43 determines the crop throughput and / or the crop yield, taking into account the determined compaction and the determined re-expansion behavior X of the good sample 28. This has the particular advantage that differing crop characteristics can be better taken into account when determining the Erntegut besatzes.
  • the compactability of the crop qualifying Rudehnungssignal X is also available for other applications, it is achieved that subsequent well-processing processes can be better matched to the respective properties. In the simplest case, this availability can be ensured by data exchange by means of known data transmission systems.
  • this vomdehnungssignal X is fed via a control and evaluation unit 45 of a flat silo 46 filling agricultural machine 47, the agricultural machine 47 may cause a more intense or less intense compression of the crop 48 depending on the reminddehnungs X of the crop 48 to be compacted, the to be compacted crop 48 previously with the in FIG. 1 illustrated and explained forage harvester 1 was harvested and sensed.
  • the agricultural machine 47 is formed by a tractor 49 and this rear side associated with the compression device 50.
  • the compression device 50 consists essentially of a support frame made of steel tube 51. On the circumference of the support frame 16 is closed by arranged at right angles to sheets 52. On the bottom side of the support frame 51 is also closed over the entire surface, so here is a support or sliding surface 53 forms, the compression device 50 are assigned to each other bottom offset from each other compression elements 54.
  • Each compression element 54 consists of a dome-shaped base body 55 on the surface of which ribbed drivers 56 are provided.
  • the compression elements 54 are driven around their vertical axes of rotation 57 circumferentially or oscillating.
  • each base 55 is every Compression element 54 rotatably connected to a shaft 58 and can be driven via a drive train 59 not described in detail by the PTO shaft 60 of the tractor 49.
  • the support frame 50 of the compression device 50 may also be assigned a ballast weight 61 for increasing the compression force 62 transmitted to the crop 48 by the compacting device 50.
  • the compression device 50 can be brought into working or transport position. At the same time, the compression device 50 can be pressurized thereby. It is also conceivable to vary the inclination of the compacting device 50 with respect to the stored crop 48 via the three-point hydraulic 63, thereby avoiding accumulation of crop 48 before the compacting device 50 and thus retraction of the compacting device 50 in the stored crop 48.
  • this can also be assigned to a known Erntegutverteilvorraum 64.
  • the transmitted retraction signal X is taken into account in such a way that the effect of the compacting force 62 and the rotary or oscillating movement 65 can be regulated.
  • the compression force 62 and the rotary or oscillating movement 65 will be the greater or the more intense the greater the expansion behavior of the crop 48 to be compacted.
  • the compacting device 50 For compacting the crop 48, the compacting device 50 rests on the stored crop 48 and exerts due to the ballast weight 61 and / or the three-point hydraulic 63, a vertical compression force 62 on the crop 48, while the individual, about its vertical axis of rotation 57 rotating compression elements 54 with the corrugated carriers 56 associated therewith, cause the crop 48 to be compressed into one another by the transverse forces which occur and thus cause the closing of undesired cavities in the silo 46.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Harvesting Machines For Specific Crops (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves determining the compaction of the goods sample (28) depending on a compaction of the goods sample produced by the compaction unit (24). A compaction element (25,25a), assigned to the compaction unit, loads the goods sample and moves relatively to the goods sample. The load of the goods sample is formed as force component (27,31) and the relative motion is formed as rotary motion (29). An independent claim is also included for a device for determining compactions property of truncated harvest in an agricultural machine.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Verdichtung von Erntegut nach dem Oberbegriff der Patentansprüche 1 und 9.The invention relates to a method and a device for determining the compaction of crop according to the preamble of claims 1 and 9.

Aus des EP 0931 446 A1 ist eine Messvorrichtung zur Bestimmung erntegut- und/oder fördenspezifischer Parameter an einer landwirtschaftlichen Arbeitsmaschine bekannt. Dabei befindet sich die Messvorrichtung direkt am Auswurfgebläse eines Feldhäckslers, wobei die Messvorrichtung direkt in den Erntegutstrom eingreift und aus dem direkten Kontakt mit dem geförderten Erntegut einen Parameter des Erntegutes, wie beispielhaft die Gutfeuchte bestimmt. Nachteilig an dieser Ausführungsform ist jedoch, dass die Ermittlung eines Parameters in starker Abhängigkeit vom Erntegutdurchsatz erfolgt, wobei zudem Rückschlüsse auf die Verdichtungseigenschaft und damit auf die aufzubringende Verdichtungskraft zur optimalen Verdichtung des Erntegutes nicht gezogen werden können.From the EP 0931 446 A1 a measuring device for determining erntegut- and / or fördenspezifischer parameters on an agricultural machine is known. In this case, the measuring device is located directly on the discharge fan of a forage harvester, wherein the measuring device engages directly in the Erntegutstrom and determined from the direct contact with the subsidized crop a parameter of the crop, such as the Good moisture. A disadvantage of this embodiment, however, is that the determination of a parameter in strong dependence on Erntegutdurchsatz takes place, which also conclusions on the compaction property and thus on the applied compaction force for optimal compaction of the crop can not be drawn.

In der DE 102 30 475 A1 wird eine Probenentnahmevorrichtung offenbart, wobei Erntegut aus dem Erntegutstrom heraus zwatigsumgeleitet wird. Die so gewonnenen und nicht vom Durchsatz abhängigen Proben können zur Entwicklung von Kalibrierungen von NIR - Messsystemen dienen. Aber auch Informationen über Qualitätsparameter des Erntegutes, wie Feuchtigkeit, können so gewonnen werden. Das Problem der Ermittlung der Verdichtungsetgenschaft des Erntegutes wird durch die in der DE 102 30 475 A1 offenbarte Ausführung nicht gelöst.In the DE 102 30 475 A1 a sampling device is disclosed wherein crop material is bypassed from the crop stream. The non-throughput samples obtained in this way can be used to develop calibrations of NIR measurement systems. But also information about quality parameters of the crop, such as moisture, can be obtained in this way. The problem of determining the compression of the crop is determined by the in the DE 102 30 475 A1 revealed version not solved.

Während die Verdichtungseigenschaften von Erntegut einerseits maßgeblich die Ontine-Sensierung von Erntegutdurchsätzen beeinflussen sind sie andererseits aber auch von großer Bedeutung für die Optimierung von Erntegutverdichtungsvofgängen, wie dies etwa bei der Einlagerung von Erntegut in Silos der Fall ist. So hängt die Stabilität einer Silage maßgeblich von der Verdichtung des einzulagernden Erntegutes ab. Wird beim Siloaufbau das neu geschnittene Erntegut nicht permanent und gewissenhaft verdichtet, wird Restsauerstoff in den einzelnen aufgetragenen Erntegutlagen eingeschlossen, welches letztendlich zur Bildung von unerwünschten Organismen wie Hefen und Pilzen und zu Fehlgärungen führen kann, was wiederum den Nährwertgehalt der Silage erheblich mindert. Die aufzubringende Verdichtungskraft ist wiederum abhängig von der Komprimierbarkeit das abgeschnittenem Erntegut, die insbesondere von Parametern wie dem Feuchtegehalt oder der Schrittlänge des Erntegutes abhängig sind.On the one hand, the compaction characteristics of crops significantly influence the ontine sensing of crop throughputs, but on the other hand they are of great importance for the optimization of crop compaction processes, such as the storage of crops in silos Case is. So the stability of a silage largely depends on the compaction of the crop to be stored. If the newly cut crops are not permanently and conscientiously compacted in the silo structure, residual oxygen is trapped in the individual crop layers applied, which can eventually lead to the formation of undesirable organisms such as yeasts and fungi and false fermentation, which in turn significantly reduces the nutritional value of the silage. The compressive force to be applied is in turn dependent on the compressibility of the cut crop, which are particularly dependent on parameters such as the moisture content or the crotch length of the crop.

Aus der EP 1 454 519 A1 ist ein Verfahren bzw. eine Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Verdichtung von Erntegut einer landwirtschaftlichen Arbeitsmaschine bekannt. Eine dem laufenden Erntebetrieb entnommene Erntegutprobe wird dazu in einer Probenkammer mittels eines darin beweglichen Verdichtungskolbens definiert vorverdichtet.From the EP 1 454 519 A1 a method and apparatus for determining the compaction of crop of an agricultural machine is known. A crop sample taken from the current harvesting operation is for this purpose pre-compressed in a sample chamber by means of a compacting piston movable therein.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, die Nachteile des zitierten Standes der Technik zu beheben und insbesondere ein Verfahren und eine nach diesem Verfahren arbeitende Vorrichtung zu schaffen, wodurch eine gegenüber dem Stand der Technik zuverlässigere und genauere Bestimmung der Verdichtungseigenschaft von abgeschnittenem Erntegut im laufenden Erntebetrieb ermöglicht wird.It is an object of the invention to overcome the disadvantages of the cited prior art and in particular to provide a method and a device operating according to this method, whereby over the prior art more reliable and accurate determination of the compaction property of cut crop in the current harvesting operation is made possible ,

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 9 gelöst, wobei in den Unteransprüchen Merkmale aufgeführt sind, die diese Lösung in vorteilhafter Weise weiterentwickeln.This object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing features of claims 1 and 9, wherein in the dependent claims features are listed, which further develop this solution in an advantageous manner.

Indem die Verdichtung der Gutprobe in Abhängigkeit von wenigstens einer von der Verdichtungseinrichtung erzeugten Verdichtung der Gutprobe ermittelt wird, wobei zumindest ein der Verdichtungsvorrichtung zugeordnetes Verdichtungselement zugleich die Gutprobe durch translatorische Bewegung auf die Gutprobe zu belastet und sich relativ zur Gutprobe mit einer Dreh- oder Oszillierbewegung um die eigene Längsachse bewegt, kann eine zum Stand der Technik verbesserte Ermittlung der Verdichtungseigenschaft von Erntegut erreicht werden. Insbesondere dadurch, dass die Gutprobe durch Belastung und Drehbewegung des Verdichtungselementes komprimiert wird, können in sperrigem Erntegut auftretende Hohlräume, wodurch unerwünschte Messschwankungen auftreten, nahezu vollständig geschlossen werden und ein genaueres Maß für die Verdichtung ermittelt werden. Dabei belastet das wenigstens eine Verdichtungselement die Gutprobe durch translatorische Bewegung auf die Gutprobe zu und bewegt sich zeitgleich relativ dazu mit einer Dreh- und Oszillierbewegung, Dadurch wirken neben der vertikalen Kraft zeitgleich Scherkräfte auf die Gutprobe, was ein Schließen von Hohlräumen bewirkt und damit eine optimale Verdichtung der Gutprobe ermöglicht wird.By determining the compaction of the specimen as a function of at least one compaction of the specimen produced by the compacting device, at least one compaction element associated with the compaction device simultaneously loads the specimen by translational movement onto the specimen and moves relative to the specimen with a rotating or oscillating movement the own longitudinal axis moves, one to the state of the Technique improved determination of the compaction property of crop can be achieved. In particular, the fact that the sample is compressed by loading and rotational movement of the compression element, cavities occurring in bulky crop, whereby unwanted measurement fluctuations occur, are almost completely closed and a more accurate measure of the compression can be determined. In this case, the at least one compression element loads the sample by translational movement to the sample and moves at the same time relative to a rotary and oscillating motion, thus act in addition to the vertical force simultaneously shear forces on the sample, causing a closing of cavities and thus an optimal Compaction of the bulk sample is possible.

Dadurch, dass die Belastung und die Relativbewegung des zumindest einen Verdichtungselementes in Abhängigkeit von der Erntegutart und/oder deren Ernteguteigenschaft einstellbar ist, kann die von dem Verdichtungselement in die Gutprobe eingeleitete Verdichtungskraft an unterschiedliche Erntegutarten und -strukturen angepasst werden.Characterized in that the load and the relative movement of the at least one compression element in dependence on the Erntegutart and / or their Ernteguteigenschaft is adjustable, the compression force introduced by the compression element in the sample can be adapted to different Erntegutarten and structures.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird aus der ermittelten Verdichtung der Gutprobe ein Maß für die Verdichtungseigenschaft des Erntegutes abgeleitete. Dies hat insbesondere den Vorteil, dass nunmehr ein Parameter vorliegt, der eine qualitative Beurteilung der Verdlchtbarkeit von Erntegut zulässt. Im einfachsten Fall wird die Verdichtungseigenschaft des Erntegutes durch Ermittlung des Rückdehnungsverhaltens einer Gutprobe bestimmt.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a measure of the compaction property of the crop is derived from the determined compaction of the crop sample. This has the particular advantage that now there is a parameter that allows a qualitative assessment of the Verdlchtbarkeit of crops. In the simplest case, the compaction property of the crop is determined by determining the recovery behavior of a crop sample.

Eine sehr präzise Ermittlung von Erntegutdurchsätzen oder Ernteguterträgen ergibt sich in vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung dann, wenn in der landwirtschaftlichen Arbeitsmaschine eine Ertragsmesseinrichtung vorhanden ist und der von der Ertragsmesseinrichtung ermittelte Erntegutdurchsatz und/oder Erntegutertrag unter Berücksichtigung der ermittelten Verdichtung und des ermittelten Rückdehnungsverhaltens der Gutprobe erfolgt. Eine derartige Ausführung hat insbesondere den Vorteil, dass die für eine Massenbestimmung erforderlichen Dichtewerte einer Gutprobe präziser und damit das Gesamtergebnis einer Durchsatzmessung genauer wird.A very precise determination of Erntegutdurchsätzen or Ernteguterträgen results in an advantageous embodiment of the invention, when in the agricultural machine, a yield measuring device is present and the determined by the yield measuring crop throughput and / or Erntegutertrag taking into account the determined compaction and the determined Rücksehnungsverhaltens the Gutprobe. Such an embodiment has the particular advantage that required for a mass determination Density values of a good sample more precisely and thus the overall result of a flow rate measurement becomes more accurate.

In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung steht das ermittelte Rückdehnungsverhalten des Erntegutes weiteren Anwendungen zur Verfügung. Eine besonders vorteilhafte Weiterbildung ergibt sich dann, wenn die weitere Anwendung das Betreiben einer landwirtschaftlichen Arbeitsmaschine mit einer Verdichtungsvorrichtung in einem Flachsilo ist und vor der Anlieferung des zu sillerenden Erntegutes, der Betreiber der landwirtschaftlichen Arbeitsmaschine zumindest das ermittelte Rückdehnungsverhalten mitgeteilt bekommt, wobei der Bediener anhand dieser Mitteilung die Wirkung der Verdichtungsvorrichtung einstellen kann.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the determined recovery behavior of the crop is further applications available. A particularly advantageous development results when the further application is the operation of an agricultural machine with a compacting device in a silo and before the delivery of sillerenden crop, the operator of the agricultural machine at least the determined return behavior gets notified, the operator on the basis of this Communication can adjust the effect of the compression device.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die landwirtschaftliche Arbeitsmaschine ein Feldhäcksler mit wenigstens einer Einzugs- und einer auslenkbar gelagerten Vorpresswalze zur Verdichtung des zwischen der wenigstens einen Einzugs- und Vorpresswalze geförderten Erntegutes, wobei anhand der Auslenkung der wenigstens einen Vorpresswalze der Erntegutdurchsatz durch die landwirtschaftliche Arbeitesmaschine ermittelt, während des Verdichtungsprozesses der Gutprobe In der Verdichtungseinrichtung, die Verdichtungskraft, das zugehörige Volumen und Maß für das Rückdehnungaverhalten der Gutprobe ermittelt, wenigstens ein Verhältnis zwischen der Verdichtungskraft, dem Rückdehnungsverhalten und dem Volumen ermittelt und das wenigstens eine Verhältnis bei der Ermittlung des Emtegutdurchsatzes berücksichtigt wird.In a further embodiment of the invention, the agricultural working machine is a forage harvester with at least one intake and a deflectable mounted pre-press roller for compressing the at least one feed and Vorpresswalze promoted crop, wherein based on the deflection of the at least one pre-press the Erntegutdurchsatz by the agricultural work machine determines, during the compaction process of the sample in the compaction device, the compaction force, the associated volume and measure of the Rückdehnungaverhalten the sample determines at least a ratio between the compaction force, the expansion behavior and the volume and takes into account at least one ratio in determining the Emtegutdurchsatzes becomes.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ergibt sich insbesondere dadurch, dass wenigstens ein Sensor zur Ermittlung einer definierten Vorverdichtung der in der Verdichtungseinrichtung befindlichen Gutprobe vorhanden ist und wobei der Verdichtungsvorrichtung zumindest ein Verdichtungselement zugeordnet ist und das Verdichtungselement die Gutprobe belastet und sich relativ zu dieser bewegt.An advantageous embodiment of the invention results in particular from the fact that at least one sensor for determining a defined pre-compression of the material sample in the compression device is present and wherein the compression device is associated with at least one compression element and the compression element loaded the sample and moves relative to this.

In einer besonderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Gutprobe unmittelbar durch eine Öffnung aus dem Erntegutstrom in der landwirtschaftlichen Arbeitsmaschine in die Verdichtungseinrichtung geleitet. Störanfällige Zwischenförderer können hierdurch vollständig entfallen, wodurch eine ständige Verfügbarkeit der Vorrichtung im Arbeitsbetrieb gewährleistet wird.In a particular embodiment of the invention, the sample is passed directly through an opening from the Erntegutstrom in the agricultural machine in the compression device. Interference-prone intermediate conveyors can thereby be completely eliminated, whereby a constant availability of the device is guaranteed in the working mode.

Die landwirtschaftliche Arbeitsmaschine ist vorteilhaft ein Feldhäcksler mit einer Häckseltrommel und einem die Häckseltrommel zumindest teilweise umschließenden gutumlenkenden Trommelboden und wobei die Öffnung an dem gutumlenkenden Trommelboden angeordnet ist. In einer Häckseltrommel eines Feldhäckslers findet durch die darin rotierenden Messer eine aktive Förderung des Erntegutes statt. Die Anordnung der Öffnung an dem gutumlenkenden Trommelboden bewirkt eine sichere Entnahme von Erntegut aus der Häckslertrommel. Es wird hierbei die während der Entnahme der Gutprobe ausbleibende Gutumlenkung an der offenen Öffnung, zur Förderung der Gutprobe In die Verdichtungsvorrichtung ausgenutzt. In Verbindung mit der aktiven Förderung in der Häckseltrommel, findet vorteilhaft eine ständige Nachförderung zur Öffnung sowie eine Reinigung der Entnahmestelle statt. Eine bleibende Störung des Gutflusses sowie eine Gutansammlung durch die Emtgutprobennahme wird durch die vorteilhafte Lage der Öffnung ausgeschlossen. Diese Vorteile ergeben sich auch, wenn die landwirtschaftliche Arbeitsmaschine ein Mähdrescher mit einem Strohhäcksler und einem daran befindlichen gutumlenkenden Führungsboden ist und die Öffnung an dem gutumlenkenden Führungsboden angeordnet ist.The agricultural working machine is advantageously a forage harvester with a chopper drum and a chaff drum at least partially enclosing gutumlenkenden drum bottom and wherein the opening is arranged on the gutumlenkenden drum bottom. In a chopper drum of a forage harvester takes place by the rotating blades in an active promotion of the crop instead. The arrangement of the opening on the gutumlenkenden drum bottom causes a safe removal of crop from the chopper drum. It is hereby exploited during the removal of the sample Gutumlenkung at the open opening, to promote the sample in the compression device exploited. In conjunction with the active promotion in the chopper drum, there is always a positive post-discharge for opening and a cleaning of the removal point. A lasting disturbance of the crop flow as well as an accumulation of good through the sample collection is excluded by the advantageous position of the opening. These advantages also arise when the agricultural work machine is a combine harvester with a straw chopper and a good deflecting guide floor located thereon and the opening is arranged on the good deflecting guide floor.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Gutprobe aus der Verdichtungseinrichtung mittels des wenigstens einen drehbeweglichen Verdichtungselementes in den Erntegutstrom der landwirtschaftlichen Arbeitsmaschine zurückgeführt. Die Gutprobe geht hierdurch nicht verlustig und ein sauberes Bearbeitungsfeld wird hinterlassen.In a further embodiment of the invention, the sample is returned from the compression device by means of at least one rotatable compression element in the Erntegutstrom the agricultural machine. The good sample is thereby not lost and a clean edit field is left.

Indem in einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung der weiteren landwirtschaftlichen Arbeitsmaschine eine Steuer- und Auswerteinheit zugeordnet ist und die Steuer- und Auswerteinheit ein der Rückdehnung des zu verdichtenden Erntegutes proportionales Rückdehnungssignal empfängt und Mittel vorgesehen sind die eine Änderung der von der Verdichtungsvorrichtung In das zu verdichtende Erntegut einzubringenden Belastungen ermöglichen, wird sichergestellt, dass die Verdichtungswirkung der Verdichtungsvorrichtung an das Rückdehnungsverhalten des zu verdichtenden Erntegutes anpassbar ist.By in an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the further agricultural machine a control and evaluation unit is assigned and the control and evaluation unit of the rear expansion of the compressed Harvest proportional return strain signal receives and means are provided which allow a change of the compression device to be compacted in the crop to be compacted loads, it is ensured that the compaction effect of the compacting device to the expansion behavior of the crop to be compacted is customizable.

Erfindungsgemäß umfassen die in das zu verdichtende Erntegut einzubringenden Belastungen die Verdichtungskräfte und die Dreh- oder Oszillierbewegung des oder der Verdichtungselemente, sodass durch einfache Drehzahländerung der Verdichtungselemente und durch Auflagedruckregelung eine flexible und schnelle Anpassung der Belastungen an die Jeweiligen Ernteguteigenschaften sichergestellt werden kann.According to the invention, the loads to be introduced into the crop to be compacted include the compaction forces and the rotational or oscillating movement of the compacting element or elements, so that a flexible and rapid adaptation of the loads to the particular crop properties can be ensured by simple speed change of the compacting elements and by contact pressure control.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand weiterer Unteransprüche und werden nachfolgend anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert.Further advantageous embodiments are the subject of further subclaims and are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1
den frontseitigen Abschnitt eines Feldhäckslers mit erfindungsge- mäßer Verdichtungseinrichtung In einer Seitenansicht
Figur 2
eine weitere landwirtschaftliche Arbeitsmaschine zur Verdichtung Von Erntegut in einem Silo
Show it:
FIG. 1
the front-side section of a forage harvester with inventive compression device in a side view
FIG. 2
Another agricultural machine for compacting crop in a silo

Figur 1 zeigt einen in Fahrtrichtung 33 vorderen Teil einer als feldhäcksler 1 ausgeführten landwirtschaftlichen Arbeitsmaschine mit einer Fahrerkabine 2 und einem Antriebsreifen 3. In der Fahrerkabine 2 ist eine Anzeigeeinrichtung 4 und wenigstens eine Einstelleinrichtung 5 sowie weitere Bedienelemente für den Betrieb des Feldhäckslers 1, wie Schalter 6 und der Fahrhebel 7, dargestellt. Der gezeigte Feldhäcksler 1 Ist mit einem Vorsatzgerät 8 ausgerüstet, mittels welchem der Feldhäcksler 1 nicht dargestelltes Erntegut von dem Feldboden 9 aufnimmt und an das nachgeschaltete Einzugsaggregat 10, auf dessen Breite zusammengeführt, abgibt. Innerhalb des Einzugsaggregates 10 sind zwei angetriebene untere Einzugswalzen 11 und zwei angetriebene obere beweglich gelagerte Vorpresswalzen 12, 13 angeordnet. Das dem Einzugsaggregat 10 zugeführte Erntegut wird zwischen den Einzugswalzen 11 und den Vorpresswalzen 12, 13 durch die von wenigstens einer Feder 20 auf die Vorpresswalzen 12, 13 wirkenden Kraft vorverdichtet und an die nachfolgende Häckseltrommel 14 übergeben. Die rotierende Häckseltrommel 14 häckselt das Erntegut und fördert es aktiv entlang des Trommelbodens 15 in Förderrichtung 16 zu einem Nachbeschleuniger 17. Das Erntegut wir dort nachbeschleunigt und durch den Austragschacht 18 sowie den nachgeordneten Auswurfkrümmer 19 in einen nicht dargestellten Transportbehälter überladen.
Der gezeigte Feldhäcksler 1 ist mit einer dem Fachmann bekannten Ertragsmesseinrichtung ausgestattet, wobei in der Figur 1 nur der an sich bekannte und deshalb nicht näher beschriebene Spaltsensor 21 zur Ermittlung des Abstandes zwischen der hinteren Einzugswalze 11 und der hinteren Vorpresswalze 13 dargestellt ist. Die von der vorgepressten Erntegutschicht erzeugte Auslenkung 22 der hinteren Vorpresswa!ze 13 wird von einer nicht näher dargestellten Auswerteeinrichtung in Verbindung mit der Breite des Einzugsaggregates 10 und der Erntegutgeschwindigkeit zu einem Erntedurchsatzvolumen verrechnet. Aus dem geförderten Erntegutvolumen kann in Verbindung mit der Dichte des Erntegutes ein Erntegutdurchsatz in t/h berechnet werden. FIG. 1 In the driver's cab 2 is a display device 4 and at least one adjustment means 5 and other controls for the operation of the forage harvester 1, such as switches 6 and the driving lever 7, shown. The forage harvester 1 shown is equipped with an attachment 8, by means of which the forage harvester 1 picks up unrecorded crop material from the field soil 9 and delivers it to the downstream intake assembly 10, which is brought together on its width. Within the intake unit 10, two driven lower feed rollers 11 and two driven upper movably mounted pre-compression rollers 12, 13 are arranged. This the intake unit 10th supplied crop is pre-compressed between the feed rollers 11 and the pre-press rollers 12, 13 by the action of at least one spring 20 on the pre-press rollers 12, 13 and transferred to the following chopper drum 14. The rotating chopper drum 14 chops the crop and promotes it actively along the drum base 15 in the conveying direction 16 to a Nachbeschleuniger 17. The crop we nachbeschleunigt there and overloaded by the discharge chute 18 and the downstream chute 19 in a transport container, not shown.
The forage harvester 1 shown is equipped with a known to the expert yield measuring device, wherein in the FIG. 1 only the known per se and therefore unspecified gap sensor 21 for determining the distance between the rear feed roller 11 and the rear pre-press roller 13 is shown. The deflection 22 of the rear pre-press drum 13 generated by the pre-pressed crop layer is billed to a harvest throughput volume by an evaluation device (not shown in detail) in conjunction with the width of the intake unit 10 and the crop speed. From the conveyed crop volume, a crop throughput in t / h can be calculated in conjunction with the density of the crop.

An dem Trommelboden 15 ist die elfindungsgemaße Verdichtungseinrichtung 24, welche nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren arbeitet, angeordnet. Eine Anbringung der Verdichtungseinrichtung 24 an einem Führungsboden eines Strohhäcksler in einem Mähdrescher liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung und bedarf, durch die für einen Fachmann naheliegende direkte Übertragbarkeit, keiner weiteren näheren Erläuterung, Weiterhin liegt es im Rahmen der Erfindung, wenn die Befüllung der Verdichtungseinrichtung 24 während des Arbeitsprozesses manuell ausgelöst wird oder automatisch erfolgt.On the drum base 15, the inventive compression device 24, which operates according to the inventive method, arranged. An attachment of the compression device 24 to a guide floor of a straw chopper in a combine is within the scope of the invention and requires by the obvious obvious to one skilled in the direct transferability, no further detailed explanation, Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention, when the filling of the compression device 24 during of the work process is triggered manually or takes place automatically.

Die erfindungsgemäße Verdichtungseinrichtung 24 beinhaltet ein noch näher zu beschreibendes, als Verdichtungskolben 25 ausgeführtes Verdichtungselement 25a, welches in einer Probenkammer 34 beweglich angeordnet ist. Die Probenkammer 34 ist in Fahrtrichtung 33 des Feldhäckslers 1, welche in etwa der Ausrichtung des Erntegutstroms entlang des Trommelbodens 15 entspricht, ausgerichtet, wobei die Förderrichtung 16 des Erntegutes entgegengesetzt der Fahrtrichtung 33 ist. Die Verdichtungs-/ und Bewegungsrichtung des Verdichtungskolbens 25 innerhalb der Probenkammer 34 entspricht bauartbedingt der Ausrichtung der Probenkammer 34.
Der Trommelboden 15 ist gutumlenkenden ausgebildet und beinhaltet eine Öffnung 23. Durch diese wird im Arbeitsbetrieb des Feldhäckslers 1, die Probenkammer 34 mit gehäckseltem Erntegut befüllt. Diese Öffnung 23 selbst wird von dem Verdichtungskolben 25, in der gezeigten Stellung, zur Entnahme einer Gutprobe aus der Häckseltrommel 14 geöffnet. Durch die Öffnung 23 gelangt nun von der Häckslertrommel 14 gehäckseltes Erntegut durch die im Bereich der Öffnung 23 ausbleibende Erntegutumlenkung, die wirkende Zentrifugalkraft und die aktive Förderung durch die Häckseltrommel 14 direkt in die Probenkammer 34.The compression device 24 according to the invention includes a compression element 25a to be described in more detail below, designed as a compression piston 25, which is movably arranged in a sample chamber 34. The sample chamber 34 is aligned in the direction of travel 33 of the forage harvester 1, which corresponds approximately to the orientation of the Erntegutstroms along the drum base 15, wherein the conveying direction 16 of the crop is opposite to the direction of travel 33. The compression / movement direction of the compression piston 25 within the sample chamber 34 corresponds to the design of the alignment of the sample chamber 34.
The drum base 15 is formed gutumlenkenden and includes an opening 23. Through this, the sample chamber 34 is filled with chopped crop in the working mode of the forage harvester 1. This opening 23 itself is opened by the compression piston 25, in the position shown, for taking a sample of good from the cutterhead 14. Through the opening 23 now comes from the chopper drum 14 chopped crop by the remaining in the region of the opening 23 Erntegutumlenkung, the acting centrifugal force and the active delivery through the chopper drum 14 directly into the sample chamber 34th

Der Verdichtungskolben 25 kann gemäß Pfeilrichtung 26 in die Probenkammer 34 hinein und aus dieser herausbewegt werden, sodass der Verdichtungskolben 25 durch Aufprägung einer Verdichtungskraft 27 auf die Gutprobe 28 deren Verdichtung in Längsrichtung bewirkt. Zudem kann der Verdichtungskolben 25 gemäß Pfeilrichtung 29 eine Relativbewegung, im einfachsten Fall eine Dreh oder Oszillierbewegung um seine Längsachse 30 ausführen, sodass in die Gutprobe 28 zugleich Querkräfte 31 eingeleitet werden, die die Fasern der Gutprobe 28 auch in Querrichtung verschieben, sodass ein intensiver Verdichtungseffekt in der Gutprobe 28 bewirkt wird. Ein besonders intensiver Verdichtungseffekt wird dann erzielt, wenn dem Verdichtungskolben 25 gutprobenseitig ein im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel kalottenförmiger Kontaktkopf 32 angeformt ist und der Kontaktkopf 32 eine Vielzahl geriffelter Mitnehmer 35 aufnimmt die auf die Gutprobe 28 einwirken.The compression piston 25 can be moved in accordance with the direction of arrow 26 in the sample chamber 34 and out of this, so that the compression piston 25 by impressing a compression force 27 on the sample 28 causes their compression in the longitudinal direction. In addition, the compression piston 25 according to arrow 29, a relative movement, in the simplest case perform a rotational or oscillating movement about its longitudinal axis 30 so that transverse forces 31 are also introduced into the good sample 28, which also move the fibers of the sample 28 in the transverse direction, so that an intense compaction effect in the good sample 28 is effected. A particularly intensive compaction effect is achieved when the compaction piston 25 is formed on the sample side a dome-shaped contact head 32 in the illustrated embodiment and the contact head 32 receives a plurality of corrugated carrier 35 which act on the sample 28.

In Analogie zur DE 103 06 725 , auf deren Offenbarungsgehalt hier unmittelbar Bezug genommen wird und die mithin Bestandteil der Offenbarung dieser Erfindung werden soll, wird durch eine Bewegung des Verdichtungskolbens 25, in Verbindung mit der gezeigten Ausbildung des Verdichtungskolbens 25, in Richtung der am gegenüberliegenden Ende der Probenkammer 34 angeordneten Sensoreinrichtung 36, die Öffnung nach einer gewissen Zeit geschlossen. Ein separater, gesteuerter Schieber an der Öffnung 23 sowie ein Zwischeftfördermittel zur Befüllung der Probenkammer 34 liegen im Rahmen der Erfindung und werden von dieser mit erfasst. Ferner kann die Öffnung 23 auch im aktiven Förderbereich des Nachbeschleunigers 17 angeordnet sein.In analogy to DE 103 06 725 , to the disclosure of which reference is hereby made directly and which is therefore intended to become part of the disclosure of this invention, by movement of the compression piston 25, in conjunction with the illustrated embodiment of the compression piston 25, in the direction of the arranged at the opposite end of the sample chamber 34 sensor device 36th , the opening closed after a certain time. A separate, controlled slide at the opening 23 and a Zwußeftördermittel for filling the sample chamber 34 are within the scope of the invention and are covered by this. Furthermore, the opening 23 may also be arranged in the active conveying region of the post-accelerator 17.

Die Bewegung des Verdichtungskolbens 25 innerhalb der Probenkammer 34 wird von einem hier verwendeten gesteuerten Hubzylinder 37 ausgeführt, wobei der Hubzylinder 37 dem Verdichtungskolben zugleich eine translatorische als auch rotatorische Bewegung aufprägen kann. Eine nicht näher gezeigte, dem Fachmann jedoch bekannte elektrohydraulische Steuereinrichtung bewirkt auf Befehl einer ebenfalls nicht näher dargestellten übergeordneten Probensteuerung, über die schematisch dargestellte Leitung 38, die Zuführung einer Ölmenge zu dem Hubzylinder 37 und führt hierdurch eine Bewegung des Verdichtungskolbens 25 aus der gezeigten hinteren Endlage herbei. Die Stellung des Verdichtungskolbens 25 in der Probenkammer 34 wird durch einen Lagesensor 39 erfasst und von der Probensteuerung abgefragt. Anhand der Stellung des Verdichtungskolbens 25 in der Probenkammer 34 kann in Verbindung mit den bekannten Abmessungen der Probenkammer 34, für jede Lage des Verdichtungskolbens innerhalb der Probenkammer 34, ein Volumen der Gutprobe ermittelt werden. Der Lagesensor 39 erstreckt sich gemäß Figur 1 über annähernd die gesamte Länge der Verdichtungseinrichtung 24, sodass dieser neben der Position des Verdichtungskoibens 25 zugleich die Ausdehnung der Gutprobe 28 im belasteten und unbelasteten Zustand ermitteln kann. In einer dem Lagesensor 39 zugeordneten Recheneinheit 40 wird aus der Ausdehnung der Gutprobe 28 in belastetem und unbelastetem Zustand ein der Rückdehnung der Entegutprobe 28 proportionales Rückdehnungssignal X generiert, welches in erfindungsgemäßer Weise zugleich ein Maß für das die Verdichtungseigenschaft bildende Rückdehriungsverhalten ist.The movement of the compression piston 25 within the sample chamber 34 is carried out by a controlled lifting cylinder 37 used here, wherein the lifting cylinder 37 can impart to the compression piston at the same time a translational and rotational movement. A not shown in detail, the expert but well-known electro-hydraulic control device causes on command of a parent sample control, also not shown, via the line 38 shown schematically, the supply of an amount of oil to the lifting cylinder 37 and thereby causes a movement of the compression piston 25 from the rear end position shown here. The position of the compression piston 25 in the sample chamber 34 is detected by a position sensor 39 and queried by the sample control. Based on the position of the compression piston 25 in the sample chamber 34 can be determined in conjunction with the known dimensions of the sample chamber 34, for each layer of the compression piston within the sample chamber 34, a volume of the sample. The position sensor 39 extends according to FIG. 1 over approximately the entire length of the compression device 24, so that it can determine the expansion of the specimen 28 in the loaded and unloaded state in addition to the position of the Verdichtungskoibens 25 at the same time. In an arithmetic unit 40 assigned to the position sensor 39, the expansion of the specimen 28 in the loaded and unloaded state generates a back strain of the specimen 28 proportional decompression signal X, which at the same time is a measure of the compaction property forming the deconvolution behavior.

Die Ermittlung der Vorverdichtung der Gutprobe kann durch wenigstens einen geeigneten dem Fachmann bekannten Sensor, beispielsweise durch einen Drucke Kraft-/ oder Dichtesensor erfolgen. Dabei kann der Sensor in der Probenkammer 34 angeordnet sein oder beispielsweise durch die Sensoreinrichtung 36 selbst gebildet werden. In der dargestellten Figur 1 wird der in der Leitung 38 anstehende Druck durch einen Drucksensor 41 erfasst und an die Probensteuerung gemeldet. Anhand des sensierten Drucks, wird die in die Gutprobe 28 eingeleitete Verdichtungskraft 27 dann repräsentativ für die definierte Vorverdichtung der Gutprobe 28 ermittelt. Der Drucksensor 41 kann ferner auch am Presskolben 25 oder am Hubzylinder 37 oder an dessen Zuleitung 38 angeordnet sein.The determination of the precompression of the bulk sample can be carried out by at least one suitable sensor known to the person skilled in the art, for example by a pressure force or density sensor. In this case, the sensor can be arranged in the sample chamber 34 or, for example, be formed by the sensor device 36 itself. In the illustrated FIG. 1 the pressure present in the line 38 is detected by a pressure sensor 41 and reported to the sample control. Based on the sensed pressure, the compression force 27 introduced into the good sample 28 is then determined in a representative manner for the defined precompression of the good sample 28. The pressure sensor 41 can also be arranged on the plunger 25 or on the lifting cylinder 37 or on the supply line 38.

Die Probensteuerung steht ferner mit der Einstelleinrichtung 5, der Anzeigeeinrichtung 4 und wenigstens einem Schalter 6 in der Fahrerkabine 2 in Verbindung. Hiermit kann die Aktivierung der Probennahme vorgenommen, die Vorgabe einer Erntegutart beziehungsweise die Stellung des Verdichtungskolbens 25 für den nachfolgend Hub des Verdichtungskolbens 25 beziehungsweise den Entleerungshub oder die Schwellwerte für die Befüll- und definierten Vorverdichtungen eingestellt werden. Erfindungsgemäß können Schwellwerte für unterschiedliche Verdichtungen, durch die Einstelleinrichtung 5 eingestellt oder aus einer Speichereinrichtung ausgewählt werden, um so die Verdichtungseinrichtung 24 an die unterschiedlichen Erntegüter und deren Verdichtungseigenschaften anzupassen. Zur Vermeidung von Lufteinschlüssen und zur Erzielung einer homogenen Gutprobe werden sperrige Erntegüter, wie längeres oder älteres Gras sowie Stroh, bis hin zu einer größeren definierten Verdichtungskraft 27 vorverdichtet. Über die Anzeigeeinrichtung 4 können der aktuelle Verfahrensablauf und die eingestellten sowie ermittelten Parameter der Probennahme beziehungsweise der Gutprobe 28 dem Bediener des Feldhäckslers 1 visualisiert werden.The sample control is also connected to the adjusting device 5, the display device 4 and at least one switch 6 in the driver's cab 2 in connection. This can be used to activate the sampling, the specification of a Erntegutart or the position of the compression piston 25 are set for the subsequent stroke of the compression piston 25 or the discharge stroke or the threshold values for the filling and defined precompressions. According to the invention, threshold values for different densities can be set by the adjusting device 5 or selected from a storage device so as to adapt the compacting device 24 to the different crops and their compaction characteristics. To avoid entrapment of air and to obtain a homogeneous crop sample, bulky crops, such as longer or older grass and straw, are pre-compacted up to a larger defined compaction force 27. By means of the display device 4, the current process sequence and the set and determined parameters of the sampling or the good sample 28 can be visualized to the operator of the forage harvester 1.

Von der Probensteuerung wird der erfindungsgemäße Ablauf der Ermittlung eines Erntegutparameters automatisch gesteuert Anhand der von dem Lagesensor 39 angezeigten Stellung des Verdichtungskolbetis 25 wird eine Befüllung der Probenkammer 34 mit Erntegut erkannt. Hierfür kann die Probensteuerung diese Stellung des Verdichtungskolbens 25, nach beispielsweise einer manuellen Aktivierung der Probennahme durch den Schalter 6, zunächst automatisch herbeiführen, Während der Befüllung ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass der Verdichtungskolben 25 in Achsrichtung 30 Hubbewegungen 26 und zugleich Dreh- und Oszillierbewegungen 29 ausführt. Hierdurch wird das sich schon in der Probenkammer 34 unterhalb der Öffnung 23 befindliche Erntegut weiter in die Probenkammer 34 gedrückt, verdichtet und die Öffnung 23 für nachfolgendes Erntegut freigeräumt. Am Ende des Befüllvorganges wird der Hubzylinder 37 von der Probensteuerung bis an eine vorgegebene Stellung, beispielsweise bis das die Öffnung 23 von dem Verdichtungskolbeti 25 verschlossen wird, bewegt und dann in die gezeigte Endlage zurückverfahren. Von der Probensteuerung wird beim Freiräumen weiterhin die Befüllverdichtung anhand der in die schon vorhandene Gutprobe 28 eingeleitete Verdichtungskraft 27 überwacht. Erreicht die Verdschtungskraft 35 einen vorgegebenen Schwerwert, wird der Befüllvorgang beendet, In der Probenkammer 34 befindet sich nun eine für die Ermittlung des jeweiligen Erntegutparameters ausreichend vorverdichtete Gutprobe 28. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass während des Befüllprozesses der Probenkammer 34 ein geringerer Schwellwert (Befüllverdichtung) für die Verdichtungskraft 27 oder die Dreh- oder Oszillierbewegung 29 des Verdichtungskolbens 25 vorwählbar ist und erst die abschließende Verdichtung der Gutprobe 28 die definierte Vorverdichtung bewirkt. Von der Probensteuerung wird nun der Hubzylinder 37 erfindungsgemäß zur weiteren Verdichtung der Gutprobe 28 angesteuert und der Verdichtungskolben 25 so weit in der Proben kammer 34 verfahren, bis das die definierte Vorverdichtung beispielsweise die durch einen zweiten Schellwerte in der Probensteuerung vorgegebene Verdichtungskraft 27 in die Gutprobe 28 eingeleitet wird. Nach der Verdichtung und Sensierung der Gutprobe 28 wird diese in an sich bekannter und deshalb nicht näher beschriebener Weise entweder wieder in den Gutstrom zurückgeführt oder aus dem Feldhäcksler 1 abgefördert.The process according to the invention for determining a crop parameter is automatically controlled by the sample controller. Based on the position of the densification pellet 25 indicated by the position sensor 39, a filling of the sample chamber 34 with crop material is detected. For this purpose, the sample control this position of the compression piston 25, after, for example, a manual activation of the sampling by the switch 6, initially cause automatically, While filling is provided according to the invention that the compression piston 25 in the axial direction 30 strokes 26 and at the same time rotational and Oszillierbewegungen 29 performs , As a result, the crop material already located in the sample chamber 34 below the opening 23 is pressed further into the sample chamber 34, compressed and the opening 23 cleared for subsequent crop. At the end of the filling process, the lifting cylinder 37 is moved by the sample control to a predetermined position, for example, until the opening 23 is closed by the Verdichtungskolbeti 25, and then returned to the end position shown. From the sample control, the filling compaction continues to be monitored during clearing on the basis of the compaction force 27 introduced into the already existing material sample 28. If the evaporation force 35 reaches a predetermined gravity value, the filling process is terminated. In the sample chamber 34, there is now a precompressed pressure that is sufficiently pre-compressed for the determination of the respective crop parameter Gutprobe 28. It is within the scope of the invention that during the filling of the sample chamber 34, a lesser threshold (Befüllverdichtung) for the compression force 27 or the rotary or oscillating movement 29 of the compression piston 25 is preselected and only the final compression of the sample 28, the defined pre-compression causes. From the sample control of the lifting cylinder 37 is now driven according to the invention for further compression of the sample 28 and the compression piston 25 so far in the sample chamber 34 until the defined pre-compression, for example, the predetermined by a second threshold values in the sample control compression force 27 in the sample 28 is initiated. After compaction and sensing of the good sample 28, it is either returned to the crop stream or discharged from the forage harvester 1 in a manner known per se and therefore not described in detail.

Während des Verdichtungsprozesses kann die Probensteuerung in an sich bekannter Weise die Lage des Verdichtungskolbens 25 beziehungsweise das Volumen der Gutprobe 28, die Verdichtungskraft 27 und das Rückdehnutigsverhalten der Gutprobe 28 ständig ermitteln und in einen in der Probensteuerung befindlichen Speicher als Wertepaare abspeichern. Aus den aufgezeichneten Messwerten wird das Verhältnis zwischen dem Volumen der Gutprobe 28 und der Verdichtungskraft 27 ermittelt und ergibt dann eine entsprechende Kennlinie. Da das Volumen der vorverdichteten Gutprobe 28 in der Probenkammer 34 nach jeder Gutprobennahme nicht gleich hoch ist, werden die aufgezeichneten Kennlinien jeweils auf einen Verhältniswert oder auf eine vorgegebene Verdichtung normiert, Hierdurch wird ein Vergleich von Kennlinien und ein Ablesen von Korrekturfaktoren möglich.During the compression process, the sample control in a conventional manner, the position of the compression piston 25 and the volume of the sample 28, the compression force 27 and the Rückdehnutigsverhalten the good sample 28 constantly determine and store in a memory located in the sample control as value pairs. From the recorded measured values, the ratio between the volume of the sample 28 and the compression force 27 is determined and then gives a corresponding characteristic. Since the volume of the precompressed stock sample 28 in the sample chamber 34 is not the same after each good sampling, the recorded characteristics are respectively normalized to a ratio value or to a predetermined compression. This makes it possible to compare characteristics and read correction factors.

Die unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften, wie Erntegutfeuchte oder Erntegutstruktur, der Erntegüter sowie der Einsatz der Erntemaschine in unterschiedlichen Erntegutarten bewirken eine unterschiedliche Verdichtung und damit eine unterschiedliche Auslenkung 22 der Vorpresswalze 13. Der hierauf beruhende und ermittelte Erntegutdurchsatz können erfindungsgemäß entsprechend korrigiert werden. Aus dem Verhältnis zwischen dem Volumen der Gutprobe 28 und der Verdichtungskraft 27, kann auf die Komprimierbarkeit des momentan verarbeiteten Erntegutes rückgeschlossen werden.The different properties, such as crop moisture or crop structure, the crops and the use of the harvester in different Erntegutarten cause a different compression and thus a different deflection 22 of the pre-press roller 13. Based on this and determined Erntegutdurchsatz can be corrected according to the invention. From the ratio between the volume of the sample 28 and the compression force 27, can be deduced on the compressibility of the currently processed crop.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann die Verdichtungskraft 27 sowie die Rotationsbewegung 29 des Verdichtungskolbens 25 in Abhängigkeit von der Erntegutart und/oder deren Ernteguteigenschaft verändert werden. Dies ist insbesondere deshalb von Bedeutung, da es allgemein bekannt ist, dass sich die Verdichtungsfähigkeit eines Gutes mit abnehmendem Feuchtegrad verschlechtert, sodass diesem Effekt durch intensiveres Verdichten der Gutprobe 28 entgegen gewirkt werden kann.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the compression force 27 and the rotational movement 29 of the compression piston 25 depending on the Erntegutart and / or their Ernteguteigenschaft be changed. This is particularly important because it is well known that the compaction ability of a good worsens with decreasing moisture level, so that this effect can be counteracted by more intense compaction of the sample 28.

Der Feuchtegehalt eines Erntegutes und im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der Gutprobe 28 kann mittels der bereits erwähnten Sensoreinrichtung 36 in der Weise bestimmt werden, dass diese an der hinteren Wand 42 der Probenkammer 34 angeordnet ist und einen an sich bekannten, beispielsweise kapazitiven Feuchtesensor umfasst. Der von dem Feuchtesensor ermittelte Werte wird in Bezug auf ein bekanntes Gutvolumen ermittelt. Für ein aussagefähiges Ergebnis ist es daher erforderlich, dass der Feuchtewert, der sich auf ein davon unterschiedliches Probenvolumen bezieht, entsprechend korrigiert wird. Aus dem erfindungsgemäß ermittelten Volumen der innerhalb der Probenkammer 34 befindlichen Gutprobe 28 ist somit eine entsprechende Korrektur des von dem Feuchtesensor ermittelten Feuchtewertes möglich.The moisture content of a crop and in the illustrated embodiment of the sample 28 can be determined by means of the aforementioned sensor device 36 in such a way that it is arranged on the rear wall 42 of the sample chamber 34 and includes a known, for example, capacitive humidity sensor. The values determined by the moisture sensor are determined with reference to a known material volume. For a meaningful result, it is therefore necessary that the moisture value, which refers to a different sample volume, is corrected accordingly. A corresponding correction of the moisture value determined by the humidity sensor is thus possible from the volume of the good sample 28 located within the sample chamber 34 according to the invention.

In an sich bekannter und in der DE 103 06 725 näher beschrieben Weise sind die Verdichtungseinrichtung 24, die dieser zugeordnete Sensoreinrichtung 36 und der beschriebene Lagesensor 29 Bestandteil einer Ertragsmesseinrichtung 43, die unter Integration einer an sich bekannten, die Masse der Gutprobe 28 bestimmenden Wiegeinrichtung 44 einen Erntegutertrag des den Feldhäcksler 1 durchlaufenden Gutstromes ermitteln kann, indem aus den verschiedenen Messgrößen eine Gutdichte und ein Gutvolumen bestimmt wird. Indem nun eine der Messgrößen das Rückdehnungsverhalten X der Gutprobe 28 ist, wird eine qualitative Verbesserung der ermittelten Gutdichte und des zu ermittelnden Gutvolumens erreicht.In known and in the DE 103 06 725 described in more detail the compression device 24, the associated sensor device 36 and the position sensor 29 described are part of a yield measuring device 43, which can determine a crop yield of the forage harvester 1 continuous material flow by integrating a known, the mass of the crop 28 determining weighing device 44, by determining a good density and a good volume from the various measured variables. By now one of the measured quantities is the retension X of the sample 28, a qualitative improvement of the determined material density and the good volume to be determined is achieved.

Zur Verbesserung des ermittelbaren Erntegutertrages ist es nun vorgesehen, dass die Ertragsmesseinrichtung 43 den Emtegutdurchsatz und/oder den Erntegutertrag unter Berücksichtigung der ermittelten Verdichtung und des ermittelten Rückdehnungsverhaltens X der Gutprobe 28 bestimmt. Dies hat insbesondere den Vorteil, dass differierende Ernteguteigenschaften bei der Ermittlung des Erntegutdurchsatzes besser berücksichtigt werden können. Indem das generierte, die Verdichtbarkeit des Erntegutes qualifizierende Rückdehnungssignal X zudem für weitere Anwendungen verfügbar ist, wird erreicht, dass nachfolgende gutbearbeitende Prozesse besser auf die jeweiligen Guteigenschaften abgestimmt werden können. Im einfachsten Fall kann diese Verfügbarkeit durch Datenaustausch mittels an sich bekannter Datenübertragungssysteme sichergestellt werden.In order to improve the harvestable yield that can be determined, it is now provided that the yield measuring device 43 determines the crop throughput and / or the crop yield, taking into account the determined compaction and the determined re-expansion behavior X of the good sample 28. This has the particular advantage that differing crop characteristics can be better taken into account when determining the Erntegutdurchsatzes. By the generated, the compactability of the crop qualifying Rückdehnungssignal X is also available for other applications, it is achieved that subsequent well-processing processes can be better matched to the respective properties. In the simplest case, this availability can be ensured by data exchange by means of known data transmission systems.

Indem gemäß Figur 2 dieses Rückdehnungssignal X über eine Steuer- und Auswerteinheit 45 einer ein Flachsilo 46 befüllenden landwirtschaftlichen Arbeitsmaschine 47 zugeführt wird, kann die landwirtschaftliche Arbeitsmaschine 47 in Abhängigkeit von dem Rückdehnungsverhalten X des zu verdichtenden Erntegutes 48 eine intensivere oder weniger intensive Verdichtung des Erntegutes 48 veranlassen, wobei das zu verdichtende Erntegut 48 zuvor mit dem in Figur 1 dargestellten und erläuterten Feldhäcksler 1 geerntet und sensiert wurde. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird die landwirtschaftliche Arbeitsmaschine 47 von einem Schlepper 49 und einer diesem heckseitig zugeordneten Verdichtungsvorrichtung 50 gebildet.In accordance with FIG. 2 this Rückdehnungssignal X is fed via a control and evaluation unit 45 of a flat silo 46 filling agricultural machine 47, the agricultural machine 47 may cause a more intense or less intense compression of the crop 48 depending on the Rückdehnungsverhalten X of the crop 48 to be compacted, the to be compacted crop 48 previously with the in FIG. 1 illustrated and explained forage harvester 1 was harvested and sensed. In the illustrated embodiment, the agricultural machine 47 is formed by a tractor 49 and this rear side associated with the compression device 50.

Die Verdichtungsvorrichtung 50 besteht im wesentlichen aus einem aus Stahlrohr hergestellten Tragrahmen 51. Umfangsseitig ist der Tragrahmen 16 durch im rechten Winkel dazu angeordnete Bleche 52 geschlossen. An der Bodenseite ist der Tragrahmen 51 ebenfalls ganzflächig verschlossen, sodass sich hier eine Auflage- oder Gleitfläche 53 ausbildet, Der Verdichtungsvorrichtung 50 sind untenseitig versetzt zueinander angeordnete Verdichtungselemente 54 zugeordnet. Jedes Verdichtungselement 54 besteht aus einem kalottenförmigen Grundkörper 55 auf dessen Oberfläche geriffelte Mitnehmer 56 vorgesehen sind. Die Verdichtungselemente 54 sind um ihre vertikale Rotationsachsen 57 umlaufend oder oszillierend antreibbar. Hierfür ist jeder Grundkörper 55 jedes Verdichtungselementes 54 drehfest mit einer Welle 58 verbunden und kann über einen nicht näher beschriebenen Antriebsstrang 59 von der Zapfwelle 60 des Traktors 49 angetrieben werden. Obenseitig kann dem Tragrahmen 51 der Verdichtungsvorrichtung 50 zudem ein Ballastgewicht 61 zur Erhöhung der von der Verdichtungsvorrichtung 50 auf das Erntegut 48 übertragenen Verdichtungskraft 62 zugeordnet sein. Über die Dreipunkt-Hydraulik 63 des Traktors 49 kann die Verdichtungsvorrichtung 50 in Arbeits- bzw. Transportstellung gebracht werden. Gleichzeitig kann dadurch die Verdichtungsvorrichtung 50 druckbeaufschlagt werden. Denkbar ist zudem, die Neigung der Verdichtungsvorrichtung 50 in Bezug auf das abgelegte Erntegut 48 über die Dreipunkt-Hydraulik 63 zu variieren, um dadurch Aufstauungen von Erntegut 48 vor der Verdichtungsvorrichtung 50 und damit ein Einfahren der Verdichtungsvorrichtung 50 in das abgelegte Erntegut 48 zu vermeiden. An der dem Traktor 49 abgewandten Seite der Verdichtungsvorrichtung 50 kann dieser zudem eine an sich bekannte Erntegutverteilvorrichtung 64 zugeordnet sein.The compression device 50 consists essentially of a support frame made of steel tube 51. On the circumference of the support frame 16 is closed by arranged at right angles to sheets 52. On the bottom side of the support frame 51 is also closed over the entire surface, so here is a support or sliding surface 53 forms, the compression device 50 are assigned to each other bottom offset from each other compression elements 54. Each compression element 54 consists of a dome-shaped base body 55 on the surface of which ribbed drivers 56 are provided. The compression elements 54 are driven around their vertical axes of rotation 57 circumferentially or oscillating. For this purpose, each base 55 is every Compression element 54 rotatably connected to a shaft 58 and can be driven via a drive train 59 not described in detail by the PTO shaft 60 of the tractor 49. On the upper side, the support frame 50 of the compression device 50 may also be assigned a ballast weight 61 for increasing the compression force 62 transmitted to the crop 48 by the compacting device 50. About the three-point hydraulic 63 of the tractor 49, the compression device 50 can be brought into working or transport position. At the same time, the compression device 50 can be pressurized thereby. It is also conceivable to vary the inclination of the compacting device 50 with respect to the stored crop 48 via the three-point hydraulic 63, thereby avoiding accumulation of crop 48 before the compacting device 50 and thus retraction of the compacting device 50 in the stored crop 48. At the side facing away from the tractor 49 of the compacting device 50, this can also be assigned to a known Erntegutverteilvorrichtung 64.

Um nun eine optimale Verdichtung des Erntegutes 48 zu erreichen, wird erfindungsgemäß das übermittelte Rückdehnungssignal X in der Weise berücksichtigt, dass die Wirkung der Verdichtungskraft 62 und die Dreh- oder Oszillierbewegung 65 regelbar ist. Im einfachsten Fall wird die Verdichtungskraft 62 und die Dreh- oder Oszillierbewegung 65 ums so größer bzw. um so intensiver sein, je größer das Rückdehnungsverhalten des zu verdichtenden Erntegutes 48 ist.In order to achieve optimum compaction of the crop 48, according to the invention, the transmitted retraction signal X is taken into account in such a way that the effect of the compacting force 62 and the rotary or oscillating movement 65 can be regulated. In the simplest case, the compression force 62 and the rotary or oscillating movement 65 will be the greater or the more intense the greater the expansion behavior of the crop 48 to be compacted.

Zum Verdichten des Erntegutes 48 liegt die Verdichtungsvorrichtung 50 auf dem abgelegten Erntegut 48 auf und übt aufgrund des Ballastgewichts 61 und/oder der Dreipunkt-Hydraulik 63 eine vertikale Verdichtungskraft 62 auf das Erntegut 48 aus, während die einzelnen, um ihre vertikale Rotationsachse 57 rotierenden Verdichtungselemente 54 mit den ihnen zugeordneten geriffelten Mitnehmern 56 durch die auftretenden Querkräfte ein Ineinanderschieben des zu verdichtenden Erntegutes 48 bewirken und damit das Schließen von unerwünschten Hohlräumen im Silo 46 bewirken.For compacting the crop 48, the compacting device 50 rests on the stored crop 48 and exerts due to the ballast weight 61 and / or the three-point hydraulic 63, a vertical compression force 62 on the crop 48, while the individual, about its vertical axis of rotation 57 rotating compression elements 54 with the corrugated carriers 56 associated therewith, cause the crop 48 to be compressed into one another by the transverse forces which occur and thus cause the closing of undesired cavities in the silo 46.

Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass Änderungen sowie Abweichungen möglich sind, ohne dass der Fachmann dadurch den der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Erfindungsgedanken verlassen muss.It is within the scope of the invention that changes and deviations are possible without the skilled person having to leave the inventive concept underlying the invention.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
FeldhäckslerForage
22
Fahrerkabinecab
33
Antriebsräderdrive wheels
44
Anzeigeeinrichtungdisplay
55
Einstelleinrichtungadjustment
66
Schalterswitch
77
Fahrhebellever
88th
Vorsatzgerätheader
99
Feldbodenfield soil
1010
Einzugsaggregatintake assembly
1111
Einzugswalzenfeed rollers
1212
vordere Vorpresswalzefront pre-press roller
1313
hintere Vorpresswalzerear pre-press roller
1414
Häckseltrommelcutterhead
1515
Trommelbodendrumhead
1616
Förderrichtungconveying direction
1717
Nachbeschleunigerpost-accelerator
1818
Austragschachtdischarge chute
1919
Auswurfkrümmerchute
2020
Federfeather
2121
Spaltsensorgap sensor
2222
Auslenkungdeflection
2323
Öffnungopening
2424
Verdichtungseinrichtungcompacting device
2525
Verdichtungskolbencompression piston
25a25a
Verdichtungselementcompression element
2626
Pfeilrichtungarrow
2727
Verdichtungskraftcompaction force
2828
Gutprobematerial sample
2929
Pfeilrichtungarrow
3030
Längsachselongitudinal axis
3131
Querkraftlateral force
3232
Kontaktkopfcontact head
3333
Fahrtrichtungdirection of travel
3434
Probenkammersample chamber
3535
Mitnehmertakeaway
3636
Sensoreinrichtungsensor device
3737
Hubzylinderlifting cylinder
3838
Leitungencables
3939
Lagesensorposition sensor
4040
Recheneinheitcomputer unit
4141
Drucksensorpressure sensor
4242
hintere Wandrear wall
4343
ErtragsmesseinrichtungProduction measurement unit
4444
Wiegeeinrichtungweighing System
4545
Steuer- und AuswerteinheitControl and evaluation unit
4646
Flachsilosilo
4747
landwirtschaftliche Arbeitsmaschineagricultural working machine
4848
Erntegutcrop
4949
Traktortractor
5050
Verdichtungsvorrichtungcompacting device
5151
Tragrahmensupporting frame
5252
Blechsheet
5353
Auflage- und GleitflächeSupport and sliding surface
5454
Verdichtungselementcompression element
5555
Grundkörperbody
5656
geriffelte Mitnehmerfluted catch
5757
Rotationsachseaxis of rotation
5858
Wellewave
5959
Antriebsstrangpowertrain
6060
ZapfwellePTO
6161
Ballastgewichtballast weight
6262
Verdichtungskraftcompaction force
6363
Dreipunkt-HydraulikThree-point hydraulics
6464
ErntegutverteilvorrichtungErntegutverteilvorrichtung
6565
Dreh- oder OszillierbewegungRotary or oscillating movement
XX
RückdehnungssignalRebound signal

Claims (13)

  1. Method for determining the compression property of harvested crop material in an agricultural working machine (1), with a compressing device (24) able to be filled with a material sample (28) during the working process, wherein the compression of the material sample (28) is determined depending on at least one compression, produced by the compressing device (24), of the material sample (28),
    characterized in that at least one compressing element (25, 25a) assigned to the compressing device (24) simultaneously applies a load to the material sample (28) by translational movement onto the material sample (28) and moves relative to the material sample (28) with a rotational or oscillating movement about its own longitudinal axis (30).
  2. Method for determining compression property according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the application of load (27, 31) and the relative movement (29) of the at least one compressing element (25, 25a) can be adjusted depending on the type of crop material and/or its crop material property.
  3. Method for determining compression property according to one of the previous claims,
    characterized in that
    a measure of the compression property of the crop material (28, 48) is deduced from the determined compression of the material sample (28).
  4. Method for determining compression property according to one of the previous claims,
    characterized in that
    the compression property is the elastic recovery behaviour (X) of the material sample (28).
  5. Method for determining compression property according to one of the previous claims,
    characterized in that
    there is a yield measuring device (43) in the agricultural working machine (1) and the crop material throughput and/or crop material yield determined by the yield measuring device (43) is determined taking into account the determined compression and the determined elastic recovery behaviour (X) of the material sample (28).
  6. Method for determining compression property according to one of the previous claims,
    characterized in that
    the determined elastic recovery behaviour (X) of the crop material (28,48) is available for further applications.
  7. Method for determining compression property according to claim 6,
    characterized in that
    the further application is the operation of an agricultural working machine (47, 49) with a compressing device (50) in a horizontal silo (46) and, before the crop material (48) to be ensilaged is delivered, the operator of the agricultural working machine (47) is notified at least of the determined elastic recovery behaviour (X), wherein the operator can use this information to adjust the action of the compressing device (50).
  8. Method for determining compression property according to one of the previous claims,
    characterized in that
    the agricultural working machine is a forage harvester (1) with at least one feed roller (11) and at least one movably mounted pre-compression roller (12,13) and wherein the crop material can be compressed between the at least one feed and pre-compression rollers (11-13),
    - the crop material throughput is determined by the agricultural working machine (1) on the basis of the movement of the at least one pre-compression roller (12,13),
    - during the process of compressing the material sample (28) in the compressing device (24), the compression force (27), the associated volume and a measure of the elastic recovery behaviour (X) of the material sample (28) are determined,
    - at least one relationship between the compression force (27), the elastic recovery behaviour (X) and the volume is determined and
    - the at least one relationship is taken into account when determining the crop material throughput.
  9. Device for determining the compression property of harvested crop material in an agricultural working machine (1), with at least one compressing device (24) able to be filled with a crop material (28) during the working process, wherein there is at least one sensor (39) for determining a defined pre-compression of the material sample (28) located in the compressing device (24) and wherein at least one compressing element (25, 25a) is assigned to the compressing device (24), characterized in that the compressing element (25, 25a) can simultaneously be moved onto the material sample (28) with a translational movement applying a load to the material sample (28) and relative to the material sample (28) with a rotational or oscillating movement about its own longitudinal axis (30).
  10. Device for determining the compression property of harvested crop material according to claim 9,
    characterized in that
    the material sample (28) is conducted directly through an opening (23) from the flow of crop material in the agricultural working machine (1) into the compressing device (24).
  11. Device for determining the compression property of harvested crop material according to one of claims 9 or 10,
    characterized in that
    the agricultural working machine is a forage harvester (1) with a chopper drum (14) and a material-deflecting drum base (15) at least partially surrounding the chopper drum (14) and the opening (23) is arranged at the material-deflecting drum base (15).
  12. Device for determining the compression property of harvested crop material according to one of claims 9 to 11,
    characterized in that
    the material sample (28) is recycled from the compressing device (24) by means of the at least one compressing element (25, 25a) into the flow of crop material of the agricultural working machine (1).
  13. Device for determining the compression property of harvested crop material according to at least one of claims 9 to 12,
    characterized in that
    a control and evaluation unit (45) is assigned to the further agricultural working machine and the control and evaluation unit (45) receives an elastic-recovery signal (X) proportional to the elastic recovery of the crop material (48) to be compressed and means are provided which make it possible to change the loads (62, 65) to be introduced by the compressing device (50) into the crop material (48) to be compressed.
EP07100410A 2006-02-28 2007-01-11 Method and device for determining the compacting properties of crops Not-in-force EP1825740B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006009575A DE102006009575A1 (en) 2006-02-28 2006-02-28 Method and device for determining the compaction of crops

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1825740A1 EP1825740A1 (en) 2007-08-29
EP1825740B1 true EP1825740B1 (en) 2012-05-02

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07100410A Not-in-force EP1825740B1 (en) 2006-02-28 2007-01-11 Method and device for determining the compacting properties of crops

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US (1) US7503160B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1825740B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE555650T1 (en)
DE (1) DE102006009575A1 (en)
UA (1) UA96119C2 (en)

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DE102006019243A1 (en) * 2006-04-21 2007-11-08 Claas Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen Gmbh Method and device for adjusting the cutting length of a chopper of an agricultural harvester
DE102006050663A1 (en) * 2006-09-28 2008-04-17 Claas Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen Gmbh Measuring device for measuring parameters
DE102007018885A1 (en) * 2007-04-19 2008-10-23 Claas Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen Gmbh Agricultural working machine
DE102007053610A1 (en) * 2007-11-08 2009-05-14 Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin Compression determining method for agricultural horizontal silo, involves considering characteristics of agricultural goods in horizontal silo during determination of local compression, and detecting position of compressor vehicle
DE102008001783A1 (en) 2008-05-15 2009-11-19 Deere & Company, Moline Measuring arrangement for determining the contents of a sample taken from a crop stream
CA2795057A1 (en) * 2011-11-04 2013-05-04 Les Tourbieres Berger Ltee Method and system for palletizing peat moss
CN104663131A (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-06-03 河南上源精工机械有限公司 Stalk and ear reaping corn harvester capable of baling stalk
DE102017208558A1 (en) 2017-05-19 2018-11-22 Deere & Company Method and agricultural machine for distribution of crop
DE102017121519A1 (en) * 2017-09-15 2019-03-21 Claas Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen Gmbh Agricultural working machine
DE102018104286A1 (en) * 2018-02-26 2019-08-29 Claas Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen Gmbh Self-propelled forage harvester
US11076626B2 (en) * 2019-03-05 2021-08-03 Cnh Industrial America Llc System and method for distributing and compressing crop material for ensilage
US20220210970A1 (en) * 2019-06-26 2022-07-07 Kubota Corporation Work Vehicle
DE102021117470A1 (en) 2020-07-21 2022-01-27 Deere & Company Method and arrangement for checking an operating parameter of a forage harvester
DE102020134033A1 (en) * 2020-12-17 2022-06-23 Claas Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen Gmbh Method of collecting a laboratory sample
US20220210974A1 (en) * 2021-01-05 2022-07-07 Cnh Industrial America Llc Mower-conditioner machine for sensing moisture content of crop material
CN113532983B (en) * 2021-06-24 2023-11-10 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 Cutting test bench for stalk crops
DE102021119684A1 (en) 2021-07-29 2023-02-02 Deere & Company Process for compacting a harvested crop

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US6083103A (en) * 1998-02-25 2000-07-04 New Holland North America, Inc. Sensor apparatus with butterfly valve for maintaining packing density of moving material
DE10230475A1 (en) 2002-07-06 2004-01-15 Deere & Company, Moline Device for taking samples
DE10306725A1 (en) 2003-02-17 2004-09-16 Claas Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen Gmbh Method and device for determining crop parameters
DE102004029171A1 (en) * 2004-06-16 2006-01-19 Deere & Company, Moline baler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102006009575A1 (en) 2007-09-06
US7503160B2 (en) 2009-03-17
US20070213106A1 (en) 2007-09-13
EP1825740A1 (en) 2007-08-29
ATE555650T1 (en) 2012-05-15
UA96119C2 (en) 2011-10-10

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