EP1825052A1

EP1825052A1 - Coloured polyolefin fibres application and method for production thereof

Info

Publication number: EP1825052A1
Application number: EP05817916A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Frank GÄHR; Thomas Lehr
Original assignee: Deutsche Institute fuer Textil und Faserforschung Stuttgart
Current assignee: Deutsche Institute fuer Textil und Faserforschung Stuttgart
Priority date: 2004-12-14
Filing date: 2005-12-09
Publication date: 2007-08-29
Anticipated expiration: 2025-12-09
Also published as: EP1825052B1; WO2006063741A1; DE102004060143A1; DE502005007722D1

Abstract

Polyolefin fibres coloured with copper dyes are disclosed. The above are characterised by a light-fastness according to DIN EN ISO 105-B02 (at 50°C and 144 h illumination) of at least 5, a wash-fastness according to DIN EN ISO 105-CO8C of at least 4 and a dry rubbing-fastness according to DIN EN ISO 105-X12 of at least 3. Such polyolefin fibres are particular suitable for production of a textile. A particularly advantageous method for production of said polyolefin fibres or textiles is characterized in that said polyolefin fibres or textiles made from polyolefin fibres are subjected to an adequate duration of plasma treatment before the dyeing with copper dyes. Said polyolefin fibres coloured with copper dyes are characterised by particularly good light-, wash- and rubbing-fastness.

Description

Colored polyolefin fibers. their use and process for their preparation

The invention relates to vat dyes dyed polyolefin fibers, their use for forming a textile and a process for producing such colored polyolefin dyed or dyed fabrics based on polyolefin fibers or textiles based on colored polyolefin fibers.

According to their broad property profile, polypropylene fiber materials are becoming increasingly popular in various textile sectors (H.-J. Kosowski in Chemical Fibers Intern. 54 (2004), 272). The biggest disadvantage of PP fiber, and thus the biggest obstacle to a widespread introduction in the home textiles and clothing sector, is its very poor dyeability. This is due in part to the low affinity of most dyes for the completely nonpolar PP fiber surface, to the other diffuse dyes, primarily are disperse dyes, which are involved in the fiber according to the known Nernst release mechanism, due to the At very low temperatures, the high mobility of the macromolecule chains of the polypropylene prevails very easily again out of the fiber. This has bad wet fastness result. Although corresponding improvements could be achieved by modification of the disperse dyes (see, for example, W. Oppermann et al., Melliand Textilberichte 77 (1996), 588), these dyeings have the further disadvantage of exceptionally poor light fastness, which prevents the use of such dyed polypropylene fibers. Practically excludes materials.

There are a variety of approaches to retrospectively dye polypropylene, but the methods described have not yet found their way into production. The addition of dye acceptors in the spinning mass, the copolymerization and graft copolymerization and the chemical modification of the polymer chain are so far unsuccessful, as it comes to the introduction of polar groups in these ways to a greatly increased soiling behavior of the PP fiber and also other benefits that the Make the PP fiber's charm, get lost.

Apart from the pigmentation, polypropylene is now almost exclusively spun-dyed. As a result, although satisfactory washing and especially Light fastness achieved, but this method has the major disadvantage that a rapid adaptation fashion-related hues is not feasible. In order to achieve good lightfastnesses on PP, several attempts have already been made to dye PP with vat dyes, as described in US 3,052,510 or US 3,104,150 and JP 24957/65. In order for the relatively large molecules of vat dyes to penetrate into the fiber interior, it has been preferred to dye under high temperature conditions. The dyeings carried out according to these instructions show good fastnesses, but the dyeings appear cloudy and they have a poor color yield.

The object of the invention is therefore to produce advantageous vat dyes dyed polyolefin fibers, which are characterized by excellent wash, rub and especially light-fastness values. The dyeings are said to be comparable to vat dyeings on cellulose fibers in terms of hue and brilliance with the corresponding values of cellulosic fibers provided with vat dyeings. In addition, a particularly suitable method for producing such dyed with vat dyes polyolefin fibers are proposed, the disadvantages of the previously established methods should be excluded, such as the lack of flexibility of spin dyeing, the negative effect on the fabric handle of a pigment dyeing and their poor rubbing fastness and also the poor washing and lightfastnesses of other colors on optionally modified polypropylene.

According to the invention this object is achieved with polyolefin fibers dyed with vat dyes, which are characterized by a light fastness according to DIN EN ISO 105-B02 (at 50 ⁰ C and 144 h exposure) of at least 5, a wash fastness to DIN EN ISO 105-C08C of at least 4 and a rubbing fastness according to DIN EN ISO 105-X12 dry of at least 3.

It is particularly advantageous if the light fastness of the polyolefin fibers according to the invention is at least about 6, whose wash fastness is at least 4 to 5 and / or whose rubbing fastness is at least about 4.

In practicing the present invention, the particular nature of vat dyes is not critical. The person skilled in the art is free to select here, with suitable preliminary experiments, vat dyes which are particularly advantageous in the context of the invention. In the context of the invention, a dyeing using indanthrene dyes. These are dyes that consist of two or more bridged anthraquinone molecules. These dyes prove to be extremely light, washing and weathering in the practice of the present invention. A particularly suitable anthraquinone dye is indanthrene blue. Other particularly suitable dyes of this group of dyes can be indicated: Indanthren brilliant green FFB, Indanthren brilliant orange GK, Indanthren brilliant orange, Indanthren brilliant pink R ⁵ , Indanthren brilliant violet R, Indanthren- dark blue BOA, Indanthren blue BC and Indanthren blue RS ,

The inventively desired effects, as they are based on the above task, are achieved in particular when the polyolefin fibers have been subjected to a plasma treatment before their coloration with a vat dye. As a result, the color yield during dyeing or printing, compared with the non-plasma-treated polyolefin fiber increased by at least 55%, in the case of particularly suitable dyes by at least 120%. This means a significant economic advantage. The type of plasma treatment is not critical. It can take place in the atmospheric plasma (corona) or in the preferred case in the low-pressure plasma. In both cases, preferably oxygen or air plasmas are used. The plasma treatment of the polyolefin materials is carried out until the polyolefin has an oxygen incorporation by ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, in the surface layer, the layer thickness being 6 nm can be.

The invention thus relates to colored with vat dyes polyolefin fibers. The idea according to the invention, which is reflected above in the advantageous parameters, is not critically dependent on the type of polyolefin used in each case. The vat dyeing can also be carried out in various ways, but in particular proceeding according to the padder-HT process, which is described, for example, in H.K. Rouette, "Encyclopaedia of Textile Finishing", Laumann-Verlag, Dülmen, 1995. This means that a correspondingly concentrated dye liquor is applied to the material, for example by means of a padder, and the dyestuff is then subjected to the effect of, for example, high-temperature or saturated steam respective fiber is added. It has been shown that it is advantageous if the polyolefin is present in the form of a homo- or copolymer of ethylene, propylene and / or butylene, in particular in the form of a homopolymer of ethylene, propylene and / or butylene.

The vat dyed polyolefin fibers of the invention can be used with particular advantage to form a textile. The nature of the textile is not relevant to achieving the desirable effects. Thus, the polyolefin fibers according to the invention may be present in particular in a textile in the form of a woven, knitted fabric, fleece or fabric. It has proved to be expedient if such textiles contain not only the inventively colored polyolefin fibers incorporated. Rather, in individual cases, it is of particular value to additionally include other fibers, i. into the fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwovens or fabrics. These may be in particular cellulose, polyester and / or polyamide fibers. Here, the cellulose fibers are of particular value, especially if they are in the form of cotton or viscose fibers. Nevertheless, the method is also suitable for fibers based on cellulose esters, in particular cellulose acetates of very different degrees of acetylation.

The object of the present invention was also to propose a suitable preparation process for the polyolefin fibers according to the invention which are dyed with vat dyes. Thus, the invention also relates to an advantageous process for the production of colored polyolefin fibers or colored textiles based on the colored polyolefin fibers, as described extensively above, after which the polyolefin Polyolefin fiber-based fibers or textiles are subjected to a plasma treatment prior to dyeing with vat dyes. The dyeing of the polyolefin fibers with vat dyes is preferably carried out by the pigment pad method. The plasma treatment takes place in the form already treated above, ie an oxygen or air plasma treatment is carried out. The plasma treatment is preferably carried out until the desired state has been established or the particular values of the light fastness, wash fastness and rub fastness which characterize the dyed polyolefin fibers according to the invention have been established. The advantages of the process according to the invention can be seen in the fact that the polypropylene fiber materials subjected to prior activation of a vat dyeing have outstanding fastness properties after the dye fixation, with simultaneously deep and brilliant color shades. Such values were not achievable by the previously known method. A further advantage of the invention lies in the possibility of dyeing fiber blends of polypropylene, in particular cellulose fiber materials, in one step within the scope of the invention.

It has been found that in the case of the polyolefin fibers according to the invention, the color yield in the dyeing can be increased by at least 55%, in particular by at least 120%, compared to the non-plasma-treated polyolefin fiber.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to various examples. In particular, the experimental parameters of the process as well as the color depths and fastnesses achieved in the process end product are described in more detail.

Example 1:

A polypropylene fabric having a basis weight of 130 g / m ² each in the dimension of 30 cm (warp) x 15 cm (weft) is used. The tissue is prefixed at 130 ^° C. for 30 seconds in a suitable tenter. Subsequently, the fixed tissue is subjected to a plasma treatment using the following parameters:

Plasma reactor "Domino" from Bück Plasma-Electronic (low-pressure plasma), output: 200 W / s

Gas pressure: 80 Pa

Base pressure: 40 Pa

Process gas flow: 160 sccm oxygen

Electrode distance: 8 cm Duration: 5 min

Dye liquor: 43 g / l vat dye) Indanthren colloisol brands of the company.

BASF AG Ludwigshafen) 2 g / l dispersing agent

Padding of the dye liquor onto the polypropylene fabric by means of a padder: 1.4 bar contact pressure with approx. 70% pinching effect, 20 ^° C. Intermediate drying: 80 ⁰ C / 30 seconds in a laboratory dryer from Mathis type LTE, Switzerland).

Superheated steam fixation: 130 ⁰ C / 1 min / 5% moisture in a steamer (type of DHE from Mathis, Switzerland).

Washing: 3 x at 70 ⁰ C in a Thermostatisierbad with Zwischenschleudern.

TABLE 1 (Color depths of the gummy-colored polypropylene fabrics without and with plasma pretreatment)

Dye K / S (color depth) K / S (color depth)

CI. = Color Index-No. without plasma with plasma

Pretreatment pretreatment

CI. Vat Yellow 1 2.9 6.4

CI. Vat Orange 9 2.7 7.0

CI. Vat Red 32 4.9 9.3

CI. Vat Blue 4 3.4 9.5

CI. Vat Blue 14 2.9 9.7

CI. Vat Blue 5 (Indigo) 1,3 3,4

CI. Vat Blue 20 2.6 7.6

CI. Vat Blue 16 3.1 9.4

CI. Vat Brown 84 1.4 2.2

CI. Vat Black 9 1.9 4.2

Measurement of color depth (K / S value) at the following wavelengths:

Yellow: 470 nm

Orange: 470 nm

Red: 460 nm

Blue: 580 nm

Brown: 450 nm

Black: 570 nm Determination of wash fastness according to EN ISO 105-C08, 1997: Test AlM with multi-fiber accompanying fabric 40 ⁰ C / 150 ml / 45 min / 10 steel balls 4 g / l Skip detergent (without optical brightener)

Table 2: (wash fastness grades for the dyeings on polypropylene fabric)

Determination of light fastness according to DIN EN ISO 105-B02, July 2002: Device: Xenotest Beta LM from Atlas colorfastness to light at 50 ⁰ C.

Lightfastness type minimum test 5 Evaluation after 144 hours exposure All colorations after plasma pretreatment Table 3: (Lightfastness grades of the plasma-treated and vat-dyed PP fabrics)

Dyeing on PP fabric Light fastness grade

CI. Vat Yellow 1 5

CI. Vat Orange 9 5

CI. Vat Red 32 6-7

CI. Vat Blue 4 7

CI. Vat Blue 14 6

CI. Vat Blue 5 (Indigo) 4

CI. Vat Blue 20 5

CI. Vat Blue 16 6

CI. Vat Brown 84 6

CI. Vat Black 9 6

Determination of rubbing fastness according to EN ISO 105 - X12 accompanying cotton, ISO 105 - F09

Table 4: (rubbing fastness marks of the plasma-treated and vat-dyed PP fabrics)

Example 2:

A nonwoven fabric of the composition 70% viscose / 30% polypropylene with a basis weight of 60 g / m ² in the dimension of 40 cm x 30 cm is used. The plasma treatment was carried out analogously to example 1. The thermofusion was carried out in a laboratory dryer Type LTE from Mathis, Switzerland at 175 ° C. for 2 min and a calibration gap of 2 mm. By means of a padder dye liquors from CI. Vat Yellow 1, CI. Vat Red 32 and CI. Vat Blue 14 padded onto the nonwoven at room temperature (contact pressure 1.0 bar). The composition and concentration of the dye liquors are similar to Example 1. It is pre-dried for 1 min at 80 ⁰ C and then fixed in hot steam under the conditions described in Example 1. The staining is washed 3 times at 70 ⁰ C.

TABLE 5 (Color depths of the veiled nonwoven fabrics made of viscose / polypropylene without and with plasma pretreatment)

Dye K / S (color depth) K / S (color depth)

CI. = Color Index-No. without plasma with plasma

Pretreatment pretreatment

CI. Vat Yellow 1 0.27 0.40

CI. Vat Red 32 0.62 0.75

CI. Vat Blue 14 0.40 0.55

Example 3:

A nonwoven fabric of composition 70% polypropylene / 30% polyethylene having a basis weight of 50 g / m ² in the dimension of 40 cm x 30 cm is used. The plasma treatment was carried out analogously to Example 1. The thermofusion was carried out analogously to Example 2, but with a 3 mm calibration gap. A foulard was used to form a dye liquor from CI. Vat Yellow 1 (composition and concentration see Example 2) at room temperature padded onto the nonwoven (contact pressure 1.0 bar). The further work steps were carried out analogously to Example 2. Table 6: (Color depths of the polypropylene / polyethylene polyethylene pulp-dyed nonwoven fabrics with and without plasma pretreatment)

Dye K / S (color depth) K / S (color depth) CI. = Color Index-No. without plasma with pretreatment plasma pretreatment

CI. Vat Yellow 1 0.85 1.13

Example 4:

A prefabricated polypropylene fabric analogous to the specification mentioned in Example 1 is used. The material was plasma treated according to the parameters shown in Example 1. Plasma-treated tissue pieces were each treated with the vat dyes CI. Vat Red 32, CI. Vat Blue 4 and CI. Vat Yellow 1 printed in a planographic printing process and the obtained color depths and fastness compared with printing the same dyes on non-plasma-treated polypropylene fabric. The printing tests were based on the following parameters:

Thickener: Meyprogum R-600, gum ethers, a (strain: 14%) printing paste: 59 g strain

40 g demineralized water

1 g vat dye (powder)

Flat printing: squeegee pressure setting «3»

Doctor blade diameter: 1 cm

Squeegee speed: setting "100"

1 squeegee pull

Drying: 40 ^° C./5 min / 1500 rpm

Fixing: superheated steam 130 ⁰ C / 10 min / fan setting "50"

Nachdruck: 3 times 90 ⁰ C / 2-3 min with intermediate spin

TABLE 7 (Color depths of polypropylene fabric printed with vat dyes without and with plasma pretreatment)

Table 8: (wash fastness grades for the dyeings on polypropylene fabric (determination as in Example 1)

Vat Red 32 Vat Red 32 Vat Blue 4 Vat Blue 4 Vat Yellow Vat Yellow

fastness to washing

40 ⁰ C 1 1

Plasma Plasma Plasma

Wool 4-5 4-5 5 5 5 5

Acrylic 4 4-5 3-4 4-5 4-5 4-5

PET 4 4-5 3-4 4-5 5 5

PA 6.6 2-3 3 4 4-5 3-4 4

Bw 4 4 4 4-5 5 4-5

2.5 Acetate 2-3 3 4 4-5 3 3-4

Changing the color 4-5 4-5 4 4 4-5 4-5

Table 9: (Lightfastness grades of the plasma-treated and vat-dyed PP fabrics)

Print on PP fabric light fastness grade

CI. Vat Red 32 6-7

CI. Vat Blue 4 7

CI. Vat Yellow 1 5

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Claims

claims

1. Vat dyes dyed polyolefin fibers, characterized by

a lightfastness according to DIN EN ISO 105-B02 (at 50 ^° C. and 144 h exposure) of at least 5,

- A wash fastness according to DIN EN ISO 105-C08C of at least 4 and

- a rubbing fastness according to DIN EN ISO 105-X12 dry of at least 3.

2. polyolefin fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that the light fastness is at least about 6.

3. polyolefin fibers according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wash fastness is at least 4 to 5.

4. Polyolefin fibers according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rubbing fastness is at least about 4.

5. polyolefin fibers according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fibers are dyed with a vat dye in the form of an anthraquinone dye, in particular indanthrene blue.

6. polyolefin fibers according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, character- ized in that the polyolefin fibers are plasma-treated prior to dyeing with a vat dye.

7. polyolefin fibers according to claim 6, characterized in that the color yield in the dyeing, compared with the non-plasma-treated polyolefin fiber is increased by at least 55%, in particular by at least 120%.

8. polyolefin fibers according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the plasma treatment has been carried out with oxygen or air plasmas.

9. polyolefin fibers according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the polyolefin is in the form of polyethylene, polypropylene and / or polybutylene.

10. Use of the polyolefin fibers according to at least one of claims 1 to 9 for the formation of a textile, characterized in that they are present in a textile.

11. Use according to claim 10, characterized in that the polyolefin fibers are present in a textile in the form of a woven, knitted fabric, fleece or fabric.

12. Use according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that in addition to the polyolefin fibers according to any one of claims 1 to 9 additionally present other fibers, in particular cellulose, polyester and / or polyamide

Fibers.

13. Use according to claim 12, characterized in that the cellulose is present in the form of cotton, viscose fibers or in the form of a cellulose ester, in particular as cellulose acetate.

14. A process for the production of dyed polyolefin fibers or dyed fabrics based on polyolefin fibers or textiles based on the dyed polyolefin fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyolefin Fibers or textiles on polyolefin

Fiber base before dyeing with vat dyes are subjected to a plasma treatment.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the dyeing of the polyolefin fibers is carried out with vat dyes by means of the padding HT process.

16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the plasma treatment is carried out in the form of an oxygen or air plasma treatment.

17. The method according to at least one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the plasma treatment is carried out until the desired state has been established.

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