EP1819881B1 - Assembly for coupling wear parts on tool holders for civil engineering machines - Google Patents
Assembly for coupling wear parts on tool holders for civil engineering machines Download PDFInfo
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- EP1819881B1 EP1819881B1 EP05819318A EP05819318A EP1819881B1 EP 1819881 B1 EP1819881 B1 EP 1819881B1 EP 05819318 A EP05819318 A EP 05819318A EP 05819318 A EP05819318 A EP 05819318A EP 1819881 B1 EP1819881 B1 EP 1819881B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- key
- tooth
- sheath
- adapter
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
- E02F9/2891—Tools for assembling or disassembling
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical sector of equipment of public works machines with buckets, buckets or other receptacles likely to scrape, remove, move materials or others for their evacuation from a given place to other operating posts using public works machinery.
- connection of the teeth on their nose adapters is made by keying to allow, after wear of the teeth, to proceed with their removal and replacement.
- the horizontal, lateral, oblique or various stresses inherent to the applications and uses also cause deteriorations in the tooth-nose-adapter relationship, but also on the keying.
- tooth-adapter fitting configuration as shown figure 1 , in the form of a fitting either pyramidal or frustoconical.
- the nose of the adapter support has, in its front part, a stabilizing plate and the rear part of the adapter holder comprises housings receiving the two ears of the tooth.
- the play established in the production of the pieces is such that J2 between the upper and lower faces of the fitting is greater than that achieved at the levels of the stabilizing plate and the ears (J1) .J2> J1.
- the keying systems of the teeth to ensure their retention on their adapter supports, are arranged, either vertically or horizontally. Their keys are assisted or not by an elastic element. Placed horizontally, they have the disadvantage of difficult access because of the presence too close to neighboring adapters. Placed vertically, they pre-dispose to the loss of keys, especially from the bottom.
- the first relates to a vertical key formed by two cylinders which screw on one another, one forming a bolt and the other forming a nut ( Figures 5, 6 and 7 ).
- a rubber tube is placed between the two.
- the rubber By screwing the two elements forming the key that come together, it tends to crush and expand the rubber tube. It is positioned in a recess provided in the body of the adapter where it can expand, harden under the screwing pressure. This ensures the retention of the key in use.
- the rubber the position of which is imposed by the recess in the adapter, places the metal elements forming a key in a random position with respect to the orifices of the tooth where they can not systematically find in rear contact position to ensure the retention of the tooth. In addition to this, there is no, practically or very little, in the case of favorable random position of the key, rear support force for the retention of the tooth.
- the second is placed horizontally ( Figures 8 and 9 ).
- a rubber tube is introduced into its housing in the adapter.
- a cylindrical pin forming a key is introduced through one or other of the orifices of the tooth.
- the diameter of the rod is slightly greater than the inside diameter of the rubber tube to create a clamping to ensure the holding in place of the key during service.
- sandwich keys as described by the applicant, which are particularly arranged with a particular structure of two components movable relative to each other and between which is disposed an elastically deformable material.
- Such a key is described in the patent PCT WO 2004/035945 the applicant.
- This type of key is specific to a configuration of the tooth with a skirt surrounding and protecting the adapter.
- STICKEY process subject of the patent EP No. 618,334 which provides for the insertion of a key in a vertical plane, the key being tapered from top to bottom, and receiving, in a suitable chamber, the connecting material.
- This is in the form of a resin which solidifies by forming, after stiffening, a retaining sheath between the tooth and the adapter.
- the key is completely embedded in the connection volume between the tooth and the adapter. Specific tools are then required to proceed with its removal and / or tearing, see also heating the elastic material to make it liquid and allow the removal of the key.
- connection tooth-adapter This reflection was also directed to the connection tooth-adapter by the design of a specific keying device responding to the problems posed and goals sought.
- the applicant's approach has been to propose a tooth-adapter coupling assembly that can implement, independently or in combination, depending on the case and application, special provisions in the contact zones between the tooth and the nose-adapter. on the one hand, and in the introduction of a keying device, on the other hand.
- the connection between the tooth and the adapter is substantially improved by the addition of complementary contact areas for the absorption of stresses of all kinds and multi-directional.
- the new design of the keying device also contributes to the limitation of the movement between the tooth and the adapter, while avoiding, as far as it is concerned, all risks of escape, from the top or the bottom, in the nose connection.
- -adapteur which is perfectly secure by leaving no possibility of inadvertent snap when used in situ.
- the key is remarkable in that it is constituted by a pyramidal body allowing it to have a wedge effect, and in that the lower zone of the key is arranged to engage in the lower portion forming the seat of the tooth, and in that the key in its intermediate portion has on its lateral faces a plurality of horizontal zones of tool holders extended by alternating recessed areas.
- the coupling assembly of wear parts on support tools for equipment of public works machines is remarkable in that the tooth and the adapter are arranged with profiled complementary support shapes located between their respective contact and connecting ends, said shapes being arranged symmetrically and in opposition on the upper and lower faces of the nose of the adapter and the tooth, and in that the key is arranged with three specific zones, one intermediate to be engaged and cooperate with the sleeve, another upper opening of the sleeve and being arranged with means for gripping and positioning a disassembly tool, and another lower to engage in the lower part forming seat of the tooth, and in that the key in its intermediate portion has on its lateral faces a plurality of horizontal zones of tool holders extended by an alternation of recessed areas and projections capable of cooperating with a plurality of complementary raised and recessed zones established in the sleeve to ensure an adjustment and anchoring, and in that the tooth is arranged with a flared upper opening allowing the introduction of the key and the positioning and actuation of a tool for
- a tooth (D) and an adapter (A) can be associated and secured by a key (C).
- the nose of the adapter is arranged in known manner in front with a stabilizing plate and or not openings for the reception of lateral ears arranged at the ends of the tooth.
- the tooth and the adapter are arranged with complementary shapes (FA) supporting profiles in differentiated planes located between their respective ends and the stabilizing plate for the adapter and the tooth base, of on the one hand, and their opposite connecting and centering ends, on the other hand.
- These complementary shapes (FA) are arranged symmetrically and in opposition on the upper (FS) and lower (FI) faces of the nose of the adapter and the tooth.
- These complementary shapes are therefore additional support zones that complete the support zones installed on the stabilization plates, in front of the nose of the adapter, and back, if necessary, in the ears housing of the tooth, which no longer have to receive the effort alone when applying a stress on the stabilizing plate.
- These shapes (FA) profiled additional support can increase the surface of stabilizing plates, to perform a better distribution of the forces received by the adapter nose, and to increase the total surface receiving the transmitted forces. This reduces the possibility of movement of the tooth relative to the adapter and reduces wear.
- the upper (FS) and lower (FI) faces of the adapter nose are arranged between the front part of the stabilizing plate and the rear part beyond the zone constituting the nose of the adapter with staggered shapes established on all or part of the width of the nose.
- said stepped shapes located on the upper and lower faces of the nose of the adapter are established in the extension of the stabilizing plate, established in a plane (a) which is extended by an inclined plane (a2) until connection with the upper part connecting the area from the nose of the adapter to the body of the adapter.
- the stepped shape thus defines an upper plane (a3) of complementary support which is oriented angularly with respect to the plane (a) of the stabilizing plate and also with respect to the oblique connection plane (a2).
- the stepped form is, in its front part, in turn connected to the stabilizing plate (a1), itself offset with respect to the plane (a), by a tilting inclined plane (a4), so that said shape has, in its front part, a sloping configuration forming a notch.
- the plane (a2) is inclined at the angle (G2) with respect to the plane (a).
- the plane (a3) which starts from the same vertex (0) as the plane (a2), defines, with the latter, an angulation (G3) smaller than the angulation (G2), which allows the establishment of contact (a4 - a5) forming abutments at an inclination (G4) less than 90 ° with respect to the plane (a1) and oriented relative to the longitudinal axis of the assembly in an inclination (G5) also less than 90 °.
- the shape (FA) thus described is found on the underside of the nose of the adapter symmetrically and opposite to the longitudinal median axis of the adapter.
- the width of this shape (FA) on the nose of the adapter is preferably equal to half of the total width of the nose of the adapter thus leaving partially free the inclined plane (a2). It should be noted that the connection zone of the upper inclined plane (a3) with the inclined plane (a2) can be locate at any level relative to the body of the adapter.
- the particular configuration of the adapter nose, by its additional forms of support, offers a better imbrication of the tooth on the adapter nose.
- the tooth is thus arranged in a complementary manner to allow the reception of additional forms of the adapter nose.
- figure 10 upper (LS) and lower (LI) housings disposed from the upper and lower faces of the tooth, and receiving the form (FA) of the aforementioned type. These housings have support walls and contact with the forms (FA).
- the zone of junction with the front end forming a notch of the shape (FA) can be complementary ( figure 12 ) to define a firm interlocking complementary parts facing, or alternatively, the tooth may present ( figure 14 ) an internal clearance, so that the notch portion is not in contact and contact with the bottom of the housing established on the tooth and receiving complementary shapes (FA).
- the particular configuration of the nose of the adapter and the tooth greatly increases the contact and support surfaces.
- the intermediate support zones may be arranged on the horizontal and / or vertical faces of the nose of the adapter, the tooth being arranged in a complementary manner.
- This implementation thus meets a first objective, that of limiting the respective movements of the tooth on the adapter with increasing bearing surfaces and their angular orientation to find themselves favorably positioned to respond and absorb the multi-directional stresses transmitted by the tooth.
- this implementation can be sufficient, whatever the keying system used.
- the keying device uses, to fulfill the functions and objectives sought above recalled, a key C, having a specific profile and conformation, capable of engaging and cooperating in a sheath (F) having an elastic capacity of deformation, the key and the sheath being able to be engaged and protected in the assembly of the tooth (D) on the adapter (A) found on the buckets and buckets of the public works machines.
- the adapter and the tooth are themselves profiled, one to receive internally said sheath, and the other to, on the one hand, protect the key in partial overflow of the sheath and allow the introduction of tools disassembly of the key in the situation of removal of the worn tooth.
- the adapter (A) has a housing (AL) for receiving the elastic sleeve (F) ( figure 25 ) and the tooth (D) ( figures 26 , 27 , 28 and 29 ) has an upper orifice (D1) for the introduction of the key (C) with the passages (D1,2) and (D1,3) for the access of the disassembly tool of the key, and a lower orifice (D2) having the stop (D2,1) and the opening portion (D2,2).
- the key is constituted by a pyramidal body (C1) allowing it to have a wedge effect, whose section is rectangular or trapezoidal.
- the rear face in contact with the orifices of the tooth (D) is more advantageously rounded.
- a boss (C2-C3) having a function of gripping and against-support of the tool, and one or more notches (C4) successive horizontal and spaced along said parts. These notches are intended to allow the positioning of the tip of the tool for removal. At least the top notch that appears figure 19 is disengaged from the sheath (F) and into the space or introduction opening formed in the tooth. The following notch (s) may be partially in the interior volume of the sheath when the key is in place. The release of the key causes the progressive accessibility to the other notches to allow the introduction of the tool again and operate an additional clearance until the final removal of the key.
- the intermediate portion (Z2) of the key then has, on the two lateral faces whose surface is voluntarily broadly dimensioned and underlying, one or more recessed areas (C5) separated by relief zones (C15) alternately. Said zones (C5-C15) are established in a horizontal plane on said lateral faces. These so-called zones (C5-C15) thus have a complementary profile with a configuration similar to that in the inner part of the sleeve (F) with a succession of complementary hollow and relief zones (F15-F16) to allow assembly and locking in position of the key in the sheath. In view of the constitution of the sheath of a material having an elastic capacity of deformation, it ensures a firm connection of the key in the sheath.
- the front face (C6) of the key is rectilinear and terminated in the lower zone by a radius or chamfer (C7) to avoid an angle that could damage the area (F1-2) of the elastic sleeve during its introduction.
- the rear face of the key comprises a zone (C8) recessed with respect to the two active faces (C9) and (C10), arranged in the upper and lower part of the key, which bear in the two orifices (D1) and ( D2) of the tooth (D).
- the active face (C9) is arranged with a notch (C11) forming a stop for locking the exit of the key upwards and, at the active end face (C10), a chamfer (C12) to facilitate the introduction of the lower end of the key in the hole of the tooth (D2).
- the lower zone (Z1) of the overflow key of the sleeve has an abutment face (C13) and the end of small section (C14).
- said notches (C4) may have transverse recesses in their thickness to facilitate the taking of tools.
- the sheath (F). This is made of a material having an elastic capacity of deformation. For example, it is made of rubber or polyurethane resin.
- This sleeve has an outer pyramidal shape to facilitate its introduction and its replacement in its housing (AL) formed in the adapter holder.
- This sheath has a central through opening (F1) receiving the key (C).
- On the inside front (F1-1) is disposed an over-thickness of material (F1-2) which represents the elastic volume which will be put in compression by the key when it is introduced.
- the upper (F2) and lower (F3) forms of its front face are set up in such a way that they leave a vacuum in the housing (AL) of the adapter support so as to allow the expansion of the material excess (F1- 2) when it is put in compression by the key.
- On the lateral interior faces of the passage (F1) are arranged reliefs (F1-3) in a variable number and corresponding to those established on the faces side of the key and whose shape is conjugated with those of the corresponding recesses (C5) of the key.
- the inside rear side is marked (F1-4) and is straight. Its mission is to guide the key when it is introduced.
- the height of the sleeve is set to correspond to the intermediate zone (Z2) of the key with its successive parts (C5-C15) recessed and raised.
- the key secured to the tooth by its contacts in the orifices of the latter also has, on its lateral faces (C15) and (C16), a tight elastic support on the lateral faces (F1. 5) and (F1.6) of the sleeve (F).
- the adapter has a vertical opening of pyramidal configuration to receive the sheath.
- the tooth has an upper orifice (D1) for introducing the key with flared parts (D12-D13) to allow the passage of the active part of the disassembly tool and access to the different notches (C4).
- said flared portions have a straight-sloped profile (D12.1-D13.1) to constitute a base of counter-support during the pivoting movement of the release tool.
- the lower part of the tooth (D) has an opening of passage (D2) of the lower end of the key with an upper recess zone (D2.1) corresponding to the zone of support of the zone (C13) of the wedge forming a seat, the lower opening part being referenced by (D2.2) and receiving the final end of the key.
- the assembly of the key and the sleeve is as follows.
- the sheath (F) is introduced beforehand into its housing (AL) of the adapter support (A) (see figure 26 ) and is maintained by the corresponding pyramidal form.
- the tooth (D) is set, that is to say, introduced on the adapter and the key is inserted by force, using a striking tool.
- the key can not be placed upside down.
- the wedge shape of the key facilitates its introduction by gradually operating the compression of the zone (F1-2) of the sleeve (F).
- the necessary force of introduction is thus also progressive and is only at its maximum in the final position. This is obtained when the abutment face (C13) meets the face (D2-1) of the tooth.
- This abutment face (D2-1) is placed very indented so as to always exist, even in the case of extreme wear of the outer face of the tooth.
- the chamfer (C12) has allowed the entry of the key in the hole (D2) of the tooth even if there is a positional shift of the tooth forward relative to its adapter support.
- the key by the succession of its zones in projections and recesses, is thus centered and maintained in the recessed zones and complementary projections of the sheath.
- the chosen material of the sheath makes it possible, by virtue of its elastic deformation capacity, to retract or crush during the passage in force of the raised areas of the key facing each other. areas in relief of the sheath. After passage, the lateral zones in relief of the sheath return to their initial position and are anchored in the recessed areas of the key. After setting up, we are in the situation of assembly of figure 31 and 32 .
- a conventional lever forming tool such as a screwdriver which, resting on the faces (D1-2-1) and (D1 -3-1) passages (D1-2) and (D1-3), can lift the key by placing itself in the notches (C4) under the two bosses (C2) and (C3) and in the notches (C4 ) by the effect of counter-support on the straight parts and the tilting of the tool which raises the key.
- the force of action on the tool is sufficient to disengage the full and recessed complementary parts formed on the sheath and the key.
- the height of the bosses (C2) and (C3) is voluntarily large so that, in the case of extreme wear of the upper face of the tooth, there remains, on the key, enough material for the action of such lever as shown above.
- the solution provided by the invention by a firm connection between the key and the sheath due to the complementarity of the protruding and recessed forms on the lateral faces (C15-C16) and the lateral faces (F15-F16) of the sheath, with a tight elastic connection makes it possible to respond to the problem of controlling the pivoting of the tooth relative to the nose of the adapter.
- the key-sleeve assembly forms a one-piece assembly that stiffens the tooth-adapter connection, and limits the possibility of pivoting. This is an important advantage of the invention.
- this key connection device is well in the invention and particularly emphasizes the easy assembly and disassembly of the key while respecting the constraints of holding and safety during use of the entire device.
- the key and its sheath are, moreover, perfectly protected in the tooth-adapter coupling.
- the integrated concept provides the ability by keying to apply, a significant variable force of tooth retention on the adapter, even if the driving position of the tooth on the adapter bracket varies. This retaining force is created by placing in strong compression the surplus of elastic material of the sheath.
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Abstract
Description
L'invention se rattache au secteur technique des équipements d'engins de travaux publics présentant des bennes, godets ou autres réceptacles susceptibles de venir racler, prélever, déplacer des matériaux ou autres en vue de leur évacuation d'un lieu donné vers d'autres postes opératoires à l'aide d'engins de travaux publics.The invention relates to the technical sector of equipment of public works machines with buckets, buckets or other receptacles likely to scrape, remove, move materials or others for their evacuation from a given place to other operating posts using public works machinery.
Il est connu, selon l'art antérieur, de disposer, sur des bennes, godets, réceptacles et similaires précités, des nez adapteurs conformés qui sont susceptibles de recevoir des dents amovibles au profil complémentaire. Ces dents sont directement en contact avec les matériaux, matières à prélever, à râcler, et sont, par conséquent, source d'une usure rapide due à leur contrainte d'usage. Les nez adapteurs formés sur les bennes, godets et autres réceptacles sont des pièces mâles solidaires de la lèvre de la benne, du godet ou réceptacle préformé et sont réalisés de manière rapportée ou monobloc lors de la conformation du godet, benne ou réceptacle, ou autres outils particuliers. Les dents qui sont rapportées constituent des pièces femelles établies aux formes complémentaires des profils du ou des nez adapteurs pour s'y engager dessus. L'exigence de changement des dents, pour tenir compte de leur usure, requiert une liaison entre les pièces d'usure et le nez adapteur correspondant. Cette liaison est, selon la technique antérieure, proposée par de nombreux constructeurs sous la forme d'un clavetage qui peut être soit métallique direct, soit assisté par un matériau élastique. L'expérience montre que, quels que soient les systèmes d'emmanchement et de liaison mis en jeu, on n'arrive pas à empêcher qu'en raison des tolérances de fabrication qui imposent des jeux pour permettre l'assemblage des dents sur leur support adapteur, auxquels s'ajoutent ceux qui se forment par le matage de pression ainsi que l'usure en service des zones de contact, il y ait un mouvement possible de la dent sur son support adapteur.It is known, according to the prior art, to have, on skips, buckets, receptacles and the like above, shaped nose adapters that are capable of receiving removable teeth complementary profile. These teeth are directly in contact with the materials, materials to be sampled, scraped, and are therefore a source of rapid wear due to their use stress. The adapter noses formed on the buckets, buckets and other receptacles are male pieces integral with the lip of the bucket, the bucket or preformed receptacle and are made in an attached or monobloc manner during the conformation of the bucket, bucket or receptacle, or other special tools. The teeth that are reported are female parts established to the complementary shapes of the profiles of the nose or adapters to engage it. The requirement of changing the teeth, to take account of their wear, requires a connection between the wear parts and the corresponding adapter nose. This connection is, according to the prior art, proposed by many manufacturers in the form of a keyway which can be either direct metal or assisted by an elastic material. Experience shows that, whatever the fitting and connection systems involved, it is not possible to prevent because of manufacturing tolerances that require play to allow the assembly of the teeth on their support. adapter, to which are added those which are formed by the pressure matting and wear in service of the contact areas, there is a possible movement of the tooth on its adapter support.
Ainsi, la liaison des dents sur leur nez adapteurs s'effectue par clavetage pour permettre, après usure des dents, de procéder à leur enlèvement et remplacement. Les sollicitations horizontales, latérales, obliques ou diverses, inhérentes aux applications et utilisations, entraînent aussi des détériorations dans la relation dent-nez-adapteur, mais aussi sur le clavetage. On constate le pivotement de la dent par rapport au nez de l'adapteur et donc une détérioration de celui-ci par usure due aux frottements.Thus, the connection of the teeth on their nose adapters is made by keying to allow, after wear of the teeth, to proceed with their removal and replacement. The horizontal, lateral, oblique or various stresses inherent to the applications and uses, also cause deteriorations in the tooth-nose-adapter relationship, but also on the keying. We note the pivoting of the tooth relative to the nose of the adapter and therefore a deterioration thereof by wear due to friction.
On constate ces deux problèmes majeurs qui se combinent ou non selon les agencements des dents et adapteurs.We can see these two major problems that combine or not according to the arrangement of the teeth and adapters.
Sur le premier problème et dans l'art antérieur, on trouve souvent la configuration d'emmanchement dent-adapteur, telle que représentée
Lors de l'application de la force de cavage (FC), illustrée
Tant que les jeux entre dent et adapteur sont faibles, le basculement permis de la dent l'est aussi et l'effort sur la zone de contact (Ci) est acceptable par la résistance du boîtier de la dent.As long as the gaps between tooth and adapter are weak, the tilting of the tooth is also possible and the force on the contact area (Ci) is acceptable by the resistance of the tooth case.
Il arrive un moment où le jeu (J) entre la dent et son support adapteur est tel qu'il peut se placer en effet de coin dans le boîtier de la dent et celui-ci se fissure, se déchire ou éclate (
Une configuration plus résistante est également connue, selon la
Lors de l'application de la force de cavage (FC) à cette configuration également montrée en
Néanmoins, l'expérience montre qu'à l'usage les plats de stabilisation et les logements des oreilles de la dent prennent de l'usure par matage et frottement et le jeu qui existe alors avec les faces correspondantes des dents neuves de remplacement augmente beaucoup. L'intérêt de la reprise d'efforts, par l'effet de l'appui des oreilles de la dent dans leurs logements dans le support adapteur, n'existe plus, et l'on retrouve le cas précédent présenté
Si l'on en revient maintenant au second problème qui est celui du clavetage, il y a lieu d'observer.If we come back now to the second problem, which is that of keying, it is necessary to observe.
Selon la pratique connue, les systèmes de clavetage des dents, pour assurer leur retenue sur leurs supports adapteurs, sont disposés, soit verticalement, soit horizontalement. Leurs clavettes sont assistées ou non par un élément élastique. Placés horizontalement, ils ont l'inconvénient d'un accès difficile en raison de la présence trop proche des adapteurs voisins. Placés verticalement, ils pré-disposent à la perte de clavettes, surtout par le bas.According to known practice, the keying systems of the teeth, to ensure their retention on their adapter supports, are arranged, either vertically or horizontally. Their keys are assisted or not by an elastic element. Placed horizontally, they have the disadvantage of difficult access because of the presence too close to neighboring adapters. Placed vertically, they pre-dispose to the loss of keys, especially from the bottom.
Les éléments élastiques du type précité sont réalisés parfois sous forme de fourreaux tubulaires et deux systèmes sont connus :The elastic elements of the aforementioned type are sometimes made in the form of tubular sleeves and two systems are known:
Le premier concerne une clavette verticale formée par deux cylindres qui se vissent l'un sur l'autre, l'un formant boulon et l'autre formant écrou (
Le deuxième se place horizontalement (
Ce dispositif, avec lequel on retrouve les inconvénients du précédent, quant à la position aléatoire de la clavette vis-à-vis des orifices de la dent et le manque de force de retenue, n'est employé que dans les cas particuliers où il n'y a pas de contrainte d'extraction de la dent. Il n'est mis en oeuvre que dans les applications dites RIPPER où les dents ne sont sollicitées que dans le sens de l'avancée. C'est donc l'unique sens de travail de pénétration qui, au contraire, tend à appliquer fortement la dent sur son support adapteur.This device, with which we find the disadvantages of the previous, as to the random position of the key vis-à-vis the orifices of the tooth and the lack of restraining force, is used only in special cases where it n There is no extraction constraint of the tooth. It is implemented only in applications called RIPPER where the teeth are only requested in the direction of the advance. It is thus the single direction of work of penetration which, on the contrary, tends to strongly apply the tooth on its support adapter.
On connaît aussi par le brevet
On connaît aussi le principe de clavettes sandwich, tel que décrit par le demandeur, qui sont disposées tout particulièrement avec une structure particulière de deux composants déplaçables l'un par rapport à l'autre et entre lesquels est disposé un matériau élastiquement déformable. Une telle clavette est décrite dans le brevet
Le demandeur exploite aussi un procédé particulier dit « procédé STICKEY », objet du brevet
On connaît par le document D1 -
Dans tous les cas connus du demandeur et exposés ci-avant, la clavette se trouve intégralement noyée dans le volume de liaison entre la dent et l'adapteur. Il faut alors des outils spécifiques pour procéder à son enlèvement et/ou arrachement, voir aussi à chauffer le matériau élastique pour le rendre liquide et permettre l'enlèvement de la clavette.In all cases known to the applicant and discussed above, the key is completely embedded in the connection volume between the tooth and the adapter. Specific tools are then required to proceed with its removal and / or tearing, see also heating the elastic material to make it liquid and allow the removal of the key.
Face à l'ensemble de ces problèmes, la démarche du demandeur a donc été de réfléchir à une nouvelle conception de l'accouplement dent-adapteur qui soit facile à mettre en oeuvre et qui réponde parfaitement aux différentes contraintes posées.Faced with all these problems, the applicant's approach was to reflect on a new design of the tooth-adapter coupling that is easy to implement and that perfectly meets the various constraints.
Cette réflexion s'est orientée tout d'abord sur l'objectif d'un agencement de la dent et du nez adapteur pour absorber toutes les sollicitations en réduisant les phénomènes d'usure par une meilleure absorption des forces de sollicitation.This reflection was first focused on the purpose of an arrangement of the tooth and the adapter nose to absorb all the stresses by reducing the phenomena of wear by better absorption of the forces of stress.
Cette réflexion s'est aussi orientée sur la liaison dent-adapteur par la conception d'un dispositif de clavetage spécifique répondant aux problèmes posés et buts recherchés.This reflection was also directed to the connection tooth-adapter by the design of a specific keying device responding to the problems posed and goals sought.
Ainsi, la démarche du demandeur a été de proposer un ensemble d'accouplement dent-adapteur pouvant mettre en oeuvre, indépendamment ou en combinaison, selon les cas et applications, des dispositions particulières dans les zones de contact entre la dent et le nez-adapteur, d'une part, et dans l'introduction d'un dispositif de clavetage, d'autre part. Ainsi, la liaison entre la dent et l'adapteur est améliorée de manière substantielle par l'adjonction de zones de contact complémentaires en vue de l'absorption des sollicitations de toutes natures et pluri-directionnelles.Thus, the applicant's approach has been to propose a tooth-adapter coupling assembly that can implement, independently or in combination, depending on the case and application, special provisions in the contact zones between the tooth and the nose-adapter. on the one hand, and in the introduction of a keying device, on the other hand. Thus, the connection between the tooth and the adapter is substantially improved by the addition of complementary contact areas for the absorption of stresses of all kinds and multi-directional.
La nouvelle conception du dispositif de clavetage participe aussi à la limitation du mouvement entre la dent et l'adapteur, tout en évitant, en ce qui la concerne, tous risques d'échappement, par le haut ou par le bas, dans la liaison nez-adapteur, qui soit parfaitement sécurisée en ne laissant aucune possibilité d'accrochage intempestif lors de l'utilisation in situ.The new design of the keying device also contributes to the limitation of the movement between the tooth and the adapter, while avoiding, as far as it is concerned, all risks of escape, from the top or the bottom, in the nose connection. -adapteur, which is perfectly secure by leaving no possibility of inadvertent snap when used in situ.
Selon une première caractéristique de l'invention, la clavette est remarquable en ce qu'elle est constituée par un corps pyramidal lui permettant d'avoir un effet de coin, et en ce que la zone inférieure de la clavette est agencée pour s'engager dans la partie basse formant siège de la dent, et en ce que la clavette dans sa partie intermédiaire présente sur ses faces latérales une pluralité de zones horizontales de prises d'outils prolongées par une alternance de zones en creux.According to a first feature of the invention, the key is remarkable in that it is constituted by a pyramidal body allowing it to have a wedge effect, and in that the lower zone of the key is arranged to engage in the lower portion forming the seat of the tooth, and in that the key in its intermediate portion has on its lateral faces a plurality of horizontal zones of tool holders extended by alternating recessed areas.
Selon une autre caractéristique, l'ensemble d'accouplement de pièces d'usure sur des outils supports pour équipements d'engins de travaux publics est remarquable en ce que la dent et l'adapteur sont agencés avec des formes complémentaires profilées d'appui situées entre leurs extrémités respectives de contact et de liaison, lesdites formes étant aménagées de manière symétrique et en opposition sur les faces supérieure et inférieure du nez de l'adapteur et de la dent, et en ce que la clavette est agencée avec trois zones spécifiques, l'une intermédiaire pour être engagée et coopérer avec le fourreau, une autre supérieure débouchante du fourreau et étant agencée avec des moyens de prise et de positionnement d'un outil de démontage, et une autre inférieure pour s'engager dans la partie basse formant siège de la dent, et en ce que la clavette dans sa partie intermédiaire présente sur ses faces latérales une pluralité de zones horizontales de prises d'outils prolongées par une alternance de zones en creux et en saillies susceptibles de coopérer avec une pluralité de zones en saillies et en creux complémentaires établies dans le fourreau pour assurer un ajustement et ancrage, et en ce que la dent est agencée avec une ouverture supérieure évasée permettant l'introduction de la clavette et le positionnement et l'actionnement d'un outil pour le désengagement de la clavette.According to another characteristic, the coupling assembly of wear parts on support tools for equipment of public works machines is remarkable in that the tooth and the adapter are arranged with profiled complementary support shapes located between their respective contact and connecting ends, said shapes being arranged symmetrically and in opposition on the upper and lower faces of the nose of the adapter and the tooth, and in that the key is arranged with three specific zones, one intermediate to be engaged and cooperate with the sleeve, another upper opening of the sleeve and being arranged with means for gripping and positioning a disassembly tool, and another lower to engage in the lower part forming seat of the tooth, and in that the key in its intermediate portion has on its lateral faces a plurality of horizontal zones of tool holders extended by an alternation of recessed areas and projections capable of cooperating with a plurality of complementary raised and recessed zones established in the sleeve to ensure an adjustment and anchoring, and in that the tooth is arranged with a flared upper opening allowing the introduction of the key and the positioning and actuation of a tool for the disengagement of the key.
Ces caractéristiques et d'autres encore ressortiront bien de la suite de la description.These and other characteristics will be apparent from the rest of the description.
Pour fixer l'objet de l'invention illustré d'une manière non limitative aux figures des dessins où :
- Les
figures 1 sont des vues à caractère schématique illustrant l'accouplement dent-adapteur dans une configuration d'emmanchement conique selon l'art antérieur.et 2 - Les
figures 3 et 4 sont des vues à caractère schématique en variante dans lequel le nez-adapteur présente un plat avant de stabilisation et où la liaison de la dent sur l'adapteur est obtenue et complétée par des oreilles. - La
figure 5 est une vue d'une clavette visée, selon l'art antérieur, en demi coupe. - La
figure 6 est une vue de la clavette, selon lafigure 5 . - La
figure 7 est une vue montrant le montage de la clavette dans un assemblage dent-adapteur, selon l'art antérieur. - La
figure 8 est une vue d'une dent dite RIPPER, selon l'art antérieur, avec l'utilisation d'une clavette intégrant un fourreau. - La
figure 9 est une vue en coupe, selon la ligne A.A. de lafigure 8 . - La
figure 10 est une vue en perspective de l'ensemble d'accouplement dent-adapteur fourreau-clavette, avant montage, montrant une mise en oeuvre des formes complémentaires de contact et de liaison établies sur l'adapteur et la dent. - La
figure 11 est une vue de dessous de l'adapteur tel qu'illustréfigure 10 . - La
figure 12 est une vue en coupe longitudinale, selon XIII.XIII de l'ensemble d'accouplement dent-adapteur après montage dans une première variante d'aménagement intérieur de la dent. - La
figure 13 est une vue de dessus et en coupe selon XII.XII. - La
figure 14 est une vue à caractère schématique d'une autre configuration intérieure de la dent. - La
figure 15 est une vue partielle de côté de l'extrémité du nez adapteur. - La
figure 16 est une vue de dessus, selon lafigure 15 . - La
figure 17 est une vue en variante, selon lafigure 15 . - La
figure 18 est une vue de dessus, selon lafigure 17 . - La
figure 19 est une vue de côté de la clavette selon l'invention. - Les
figures 19.1, 19.2, 19.3 sont des vues en coupe, selon les lignes I.I, II.II, III.III de lafigure 19 , sur les différentes sections successives de la clavette. - La
figure 20 est une vue de dessus de la clavette, selon lafigure 19 . - La
figure 21 est une vue de face de la clavette, selon lafigure 19 . - La
figure 22 est une vue de côté et en coupe du fourreau récepteur de la clavette objet de l'invention. - La
figure 23 est une vue de face et en coupe, selon la ligne IV.IV de lafigure 22 . - La
figure 24 est une vue de dessus, selon lafigure 22 . - La
figure 25 est une vue de dessous, selon lafigure 22 . - La
figure 26 est une vue en coupe partielle de l'adapteur réceptionnant ledit fourreau. - La
figure 27 est une vue partielle et en coupe de la dent s'adaptant sur l'adapteur et réceptionnant la clavette selon l'invention. - La
figure 28 est une vue en coupe partielle, selon la ligne V.V. de lafigure 27 . - La
figure 29 est une vue de la face extérieure inférieure de la dent. - La
figure 30 est une vue de la face extérieure supérieure de la dent. - La
figure 31 est une vue en coupe partielle illustrant le montage du dispositif de clavetage, clavette-fourreau entre la dent et l'adapteur. - La
figure 32 est une vue de dessus, selon lafigure 31 . - La
figure 33 est une vue en coupe, selon lafigure 31 , illustrant l'enlèvement de la clavette.
- The
Figures 1 and 2 are schematic views illustrating the tooth-adapter coupling in a conical fitting configuration according to the prior art. - The
Figures 3 and 4 are schematic views in a variant in which the nose-adapter has a stabilizing front plate and where the connection of the tooth on the adapter is obtained and supplemented by ears. - The
figure 5 is a view of a key referred, according to the prior art, in half section. - The
figure 6 is a view of the key, according to thefigure 5 . - The
figure 7 is a view showing the mounting of the key in a tooth-adapter assembly, according to the prior art. - The
figure 8 is a view of a so-called RIPPER tooth, according to the prior art, with the use of a key incorporating a sheath. - The
figure 9 is a sectional view along line AA of thefigure 8 . - The
figure 10 is a perspective view of the tooth-adapter sleeve-key coupling assembly, before assembly, showing an implementation of the complementary forms of contact and binding established on the adapter and the tooth. - The
figure 11 is a bottom view of the adapter as shownfigure 10 . - The
figure 12 is a longitudinal sectional view, according to XIII.XIII of the tooth-adapter coupling assembly after mounting in a first variant of interior arrangement of the tooth. - The
figure 13 is a view from above and in section along XII.XII. - The
figure 14 is a schematic view of another interior configuration of the tooth. - The
figure 15 is a partial side view of the tip of the adapter nose. - The
figure 16 is a view from above, according to thefigure 15 . - The
figure 17 is an alternative view, according to thefigure 15 . - The
figure 18 is a view from above, according to thefigure 17 . - The
figure 19 is a side view of the key according to the invention. - The
figures 19.1, 19.2, 19.3 are sectional views along the lines II, II.II, III.III of thefigure 19 , on the different successive sections of the key. - The
figure 20 is a top view of the key, according to thefigure 19 . - The
figure 21 is a front view of the key, according to thefigure 19 . - The
figure 22 is a side view and in section of the receiving sleeve of the key object of the invention. - The
figure 23 is a front view and in section, according to line IV.IV of thefigure 22 . - The
figure 24 is a view from above, according to thefigure 22 . - The
figure 25 is a view from below, according to thefigure 22 . - The
figure 26 is a partial sectional view of the adapter receiving said sheath. - The
figure 27 is a partial view in section of the tooth fitting on the adapter and receiving the key according to the invention. - The
figure 28 is a partial sectional view along line VV of thefigure 27 . - The
figure 29 is a view of the lower outer face of the tooth. - The
figure 30 is a view of the upper outer face of the tooth. - The
figure 31 is a partial sectional view illustrating the mounting of the keying device, feather key between the tooth and the adapter. - The
figure 32 is a view from above, according to thefigure 31 . - The
figure 33 is a sectional view, according to thefigure 31 , illustrating the removal of the key.
Afin de rendre plus concret l'objet de l'invention, on le décrit maintenant d'une manière non limitative illustré aux figures des dessins.In order to make the object of the invention more concrete, it is now described in a nonlimiting manner illustrated in the figures of the drawings.
L'ensemble d'accouplement de pièces d'usure sur des outils supports pour équipements d'engins de travaux publics met en oeuvre, pour répondre aux objectifs de l'invention, une dent (D) et un adapteur (A) pouvant être associés et solidarisés par une clavette (C).The coupling assembly of wear parts on support tools for equipment of public works implements, to meet the objectives of the invention, a tooth (D) and an adapter (A) can be associated and secured by a key (C).
Pour répondre au premier objectif d'absorber les sollicitations inhérentes aux applications, le nez de l'adapteur est agencé de manière connue en avant avec un plat de stabilisation et ou non des ouvertures pour la réception d'oreilles latérales disposées aux extrémités de la dent. Selon l'invention, la dent et l'adapteur sont agencés avec des formes complémentaires (FA) profilées d'appui dans des plans différenciés situés entre leurs extrémités respectives et le plat de stabilisation pour l'adapteur et le fond de dent, d'une part, et leurs extrémités de liaison et centrage opposés, d'autre part. Ces formes complémentaires (FA) sont aménagées de manière symétrique et en opposition sur les faces supérieure (FS) et inférieure (FI) du nez de l'adapteur et de la dent. Ces formes complémentaires sont donc des zones d'appui additionnels qui complètent les zones d'appui installées sur les plats de stabilisation, en avant du nez de l'adapteur, et en arrière, le cas échéant, dans les logements d'oreilles de la dent, qui n'ont plus à recevoir tout seuls les efforts lors de l'application d'une contrainte sur le plat de stabilisation. Ces formes (FA) profilées d'appui complémentaires permettent d'augmenter la surface des plats de stabilisation, d'opérer une meilleure répartition des efforts reçus par le nez adapteur, et d'augmenter la surface totale recevant les efforts transmis. Cela permet de réduire la possibilité de mouvement de la dent par rapport à l'adapteur et de réduire l'usure.In order to meet the first objective of absorbing the stresses inherent to the applications, the nose of the adapter is arranged in known manner in front with a stabilizing plate and or not openings for the reception of lateral ears arranged at the ends of the tooth. . According to the invention, the tooth and the adapter are arranged with complementary shapes (FA) supporting profiles in differentiated planes located between their respective ends and the stabilizing plate for the adapter and the tooth base, of on the one hand, and their opposite connecting and centering ends, on the other hand. These complementary shapes (FA) are arranged symmetrically and in opposition on the upper (FS) and lower (FI) faces of the nose of the adapter and the tooth. These complementary shapes are therefore additional support zones that complete the support zones installed on the stabilization plates, in front of the nose of the adapter, and back, if necessary, in the ears housing of the tooth, which no longer have to receive the effort alone when applying a stress on the stabilizing plate. These shapes (FA) profiled additional support can increase the surface of stabilizing plates, to perform a better distribution of the forces received by the adapter nose, and to increase the total surface receiving the transmitted forces. This reduces the possibility of movement of the tooth relative to the adapter and reduces wear.
En se référant aux
La dent est ainsi agencée de manière complémentaire pour permettre la réception des formes additionnelles du nez adapteur. On a ainsi représenté,
On conçoit ainsi que la configuration particulière du nez de l'adapteur et de la dent augmente très largement les surfaces de contact et d'appui. Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, les zones d'appui intermédiaires peuvent être disposées sur les faces horizontales et/ou verticales du nez de l'adapteur, la dent étant agencée de manière complémentaire.It is thus conceived that the particular configuration of the nose of the adapter and the tooth greatly increases the contact and support surfaces. Without departing from the scope of the invention, the intermediate support zones may be arranged on the horizontal and / or vertical faces of the nose of the adapter, the tooth being arranged in a complementary manner.
Cette mise en oeuvre répond ainsi à un premier objectif, celui de limiter les mouvements respectifs de la dent sur l'adapteur avec augmentation des surfaces d'appui et leur orientation angulaire pour se trouver favorablement positionnées pour répondre et absorber les sollicitations multi-directionnelles transmises par la dent.This implementation thus meets a first objective, that of limiting the respective movements of the tooth on the adapter with increasing bearing surfaces and their angular orientation to find themselves favorably positioned to respond and absorb the multi-directional stresses transmitted by the tooth.
Selon les applications et utilisations des ensembles d'accouplement, cette mise en oeuvre peut être suffisante, et ce quel que soit le système de clavetage utilisé.Depending on the applications and uses of the coupling assemblies, this implementation can be sufficient, whatever the keying system used.
Cependant, dans le cadre d'une optimisation de la tenue de dent sur l'adapteur, et dans la recherche d'une limitation de l'usure des pièces par suite des sollicitations exercées, la mise en oeuvre d'un dispositif de liaison par clavette peut apporter des garanties supplémentaires sur la longévité de l'ensemble d'accouplement.However, in the context of an optimization of the tooth resistance on the adapter, and in the search for a limitation of the wear of the parts as a result of the stresses exerted, the implementation of a connecting device by key can provide additional guarantees on the longevity of the coupling assembly.
On décrit ci-après le dispositif de liaison par clavette répondant au second problème posé initialement évoqué.Hereinafter is described the key connection device responding to the second problem initially raised.
Le dispositif de clavetage, selon l'invention, met en oeuvre, pour remplir les fonctions et objectifs recherchés ci-avant rappelés, une clavette C, ayant un profil et conformation spécifiques, susceptible de s'engager et coopérer dans un fourreau (F) ayant une capacité élastique de déformation, la clavette et le fourreau étant susceptibles d'être engagés et protégés dans l'assemblage de la dent (D) sur l'adapteur (A) se trouvant sur les bennes et godets des engins de travaux publics. L'adapteur et la dent sont eux-mêmes profilés, l'un pour recevoir intérieurement ledit fourreau, et l'autre pour, d'une part, protéger la clavette en débordement supérieur partiel du fourreau et autoriser l'introduction d'outils de démontage de la clavette en situation d'enlèvement de la dent usée. Ainsi, les quatre éléments principaux, dent, adapteur, clavette, fourreau ont des profils interactifs pour assurer l'assemblage, la tenue et le démontage. Ainsi, l'adapteur (A) dispose d'un logement (AL) pour recevoir le fourreau élastique (F) (
Il convient dès lors de décrire la spécificité de chacun de ces éléments, puis d'exposer les modalités de montage, démontage de la clavette.It is therefore necessary to describe the specificity of each of these elements, then to expose the methods of assembly, disassembly of the key.
On procède ci-après à la description de la clavette, selon l'invention, qui présente trois zones spécifiques (Z1, Z2, Z3), l'une inférieure (Z1) s'ajuste dans la partie basse de la dent, une autre intermédiaire (Z2) pour s'engager et pour coopérer avec le fourreau, et l'autre supérieure (Z3) débouchante du fourreau et se trouvant dans la partie supérieure de la dent et permettant l'accès et la prise d'un outil pour enlèvement.The following is a description of the key, according to the invention, which has three specific zones (Z1, Z2, Z3), one lower (Z1) fits in the lower part of the tooth, another intermediate (Z2) for engaging and cooperating with the sheath, and the other upper (Z3) opening of the sheath and being in the upper part of the tooth and allowing access and taking a tool for removal .
La clavette est constituée par un corps pyramidal (C1) lui permettant d'avoir un effet de coin, dont la section est rectangulaire ou trapézoïdale. La face arrière en contact avec les orifices de la dent (D) est plus avantageusement arrondie.The key is constituted by a pyramidal body (C1) allowing it to have a wedge effect, whose section is rectangular or trapezoidal. The rear face in contact with the orifices of the tooth (D) is more advantageously rounded.
A sa partie supérieure (Z3), se trouvent, sur chacune des deux faces latérales, un bossage (C2-C3) ayant une fonction de prise et contre-appui de l'outil, ainsi qu'une ou plusieurs encoches (C4) successives horizontales et espacées le long desdites pièces. Ces encoches sont destinées à autoriser le positionnement de la pointe de l'outil pour enlèvement. Au moins l'encoche supérieure qui apparaît
La partie intermédiaire (Z2) de la clavette présente alors, sur les deux faces latérales dont la surface est volontairement largement dimensionnée et sous-jacent, une ou plusieurs zones creusées (C5) séparées par des zones en relief (C15) selon une alternance. Lesdites zones (C5-C15) sont établies dans un plan horizontal sur lesdites faces latérales. Ces dites zones (C5-C15) ont ainsi un profil complémentaire avec une configuration similaire à celle dans la partie intérieure du fourreau (F) avec une succession de zones creuses et en relief (F15-F16) complémentaires pour permettre un assemblage et verrouillage en position de la clavette dans le fourreau. En égard de la constitution du fourreau en un matériau ayant une capacité élastique de déformation, on assure une liaison ferme de la clavette dans le fourreau.The intermediate portion (Z2) of the key then has, on the two lateral faces whose surface is voluntarily broadly dimensioned and underlying, one or more recessed areas (C5) separated by relief zones (C15) alternately. Said zones (C5-C15) are established in a horizontal plane on said lateral faces. These so-called zones (C5-C15) thus have a complementary profile with a configuration similar to that in the inner part of the sleeve (F) with a succession of complementary hollow and relief zones (F15-F16) to allow assembly and locking in position of the key in the sheath. In view of the constitution of the sheath of a material having an elastic capacity of deformation, it ensures a firm connection of the key in the sheath.
La face avant (C6) de la clavette est rectiligne et terminée en zone inférieure par un rayon ou chanfrein (C7) pour éviter un angle qui pourrait abîmer la zone (F1-2) du fourreau élastique lors de son introduction.The front face (C6) of the key is rectilinear and terminated in the lower zone by a radius or chamfer (C7) to avoid an angle that could damage the area (F1-2) of the elastic sleeve during its introduction.
La face arrière de la clavette comporte une zone (C8) en retrait par rapport aux deux faces actives (C9) et (C10), disposées en partie haute et basse de la clavette, qui prennent appui dans les deux orifices (D1) et (D2) de la dent (D). La face active (C9) est aménagée avec un cran (C11) formant butée pour blocage de sortie de la clavette vers le haut et, en extrémité de face active (C10), un chanfrein (C12) pour faciliter la mise en place de l'extrémité inférieure de la clavette dans l'orifice de la dent (D2).The rear face of the key comprises a zone (C8) recessed with respect to the two active faces (C9) and (C10), arranged in the upper and lower part of the key, which bear in the two orifices (D1) and ( D2) of the tooth (D). The active face (C9) is arranged with a notch (C11) forming a stop for locking the exit of the key upwards and, at the active end face (C10), a chamfer (C12) to facilitate the introduction of the lower end of the key in the hole of the tooth (D2).
La zone inférieure (Z1) de la clavette en débordement du fourreau présente une face de butée (C13) et l'extrémité de faible section (C14).The lower zone (Z1) of the overflow key of the sleeve has an abutment face (C13) and the end of small section (C14).
La clavette ainsi définie est de grande longueur et est susceptible de déborder du fourreau (F) dans lequel elle est engagée, d'une part par sa partie supérieure et, d'autre part, par sa partie inférieure ainsi qu'il apparaît aux
Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, lesdites encoches (C4) peuvent présenter des évidements transversaux dans leur épaisseur pour faciliter la prise d'outils.Without departing from the scope of the invention, said notches (C4) may have transverse recesses in their thickness to facilitate the taking of tools.
Il y a lieu de décrire maintenant la configuration du fourreau (F). Celui-ci est réalisé en un matériau ayant une capacité élastique de déformation. Par exemple, il est en caoutchouc ou en résine polyuréthane. Ce fourreau a une forme extérieure pyramidale afin de faciliter sa mise en place et son remplacement dans son logement (AL) formé dans le support adapteur. Ce fourreau comporte une ouverture centrale traversante (F1) recevant la clavette (C). Sur la face intérieure avant (F1-1) est disposée une sur-épaisseur de matière (F1-2) qui représente le volume élastique qui sera mis en compression par la clavette lors de son introduction. Les formes supérieure (F2) et inférieure (F3) de sa face avant sont établies de telle sorte qu'elles laissent un vide dans le logement (AL) du support adapteur de façon à permettre l'expansion de la surépaisseur de matière (F1-2) lors de sa mise en compression par la clavette.
Sur les faces intérieures latérales du passage (F1) sont disposés les reliefs (F1-3) en nombre variable et correspondant à ceux établis sur les faces latérales de la clavette et dont la forme est conjuguée avec celles des creux (C5) correspondant de la clavette.It is necessary to describe now the configuration of the sheath (F). This is made of a material having an elastic capacity of deformation. For example, it is made of rubber or polyurethane resin. This sleeve has an outer pyramidal shape to facilitate its introduction and its replacement in its housing (AL) formed in the adapter holder. This sheath has a central through opening (F1) receiving the key (C). On the inside front (F1-1) is disposed an over-thickness of material (F1-2) which represents the elastic volume which will be put in compression by the key when it is introduced. The upper (F2) and lower (F3) forms of its front face are set up in such a way that they leave a vacuum in the housing (AL) of the adapter support so as to allow the expansion of the material excess (F1- 2) when it is put in compression by the key.
On the lateral interior faces of the passage (F1) are arranged reliefs (F1-3) in a variable number and corresponding to those established on the faces side of the key and whose shape is conjugated with those of the corresponding recesses (C5) of the key.
La face intérieure arrière est repérée (F1-4) et est rectiligne. Elle a pour mission le guidage de la clavette lors de son introduction. La hauteur du fourreau est établie pour correspondre à la zone intermédiaire (Z2) de la clavette avec ses parties successives (C5-C15) en creux et en relief.The inside rear side is marked (F1-4) and is straight. Its mission is to guide the key when it is introduced. The height of the sleeve is set to correspond to the intermediate zone (Z2) of the key with its successive parts (C5-C15) recessed and raised.
Pour faciliter le glissement de la clavette (C) sur la sur-épaisseur (F1-2), on peut lui incorporer une plaque métallique en surface.To facilitate the sliding of the key (C) on the over-thickness (F1-2), it can incorporate a metal plate surface.
Ainsi selon l'invention, la clavette solidarisée à la dent par ses contacts dans les orifices de cette dernière dispose, également, sur ses faces latérales (C15) et (C16), d'un appui élastique serré sur les faces latérales (F1.5) et (F1.6) du fourreau (F).Thus according to the invention, the key secured to the tooth by its contacts in the orifices of the latter also has, on its lateral faces (C15) and (C16), a tight elastic support on the lateral faces (F1. 5) and (F1.6) of the sleeve (F).
La clavette et le fourreau, tels que décrits selon l'invention, exigent des aménagements spécifiques de la dent et de l'adapteur. On se réfère ainsi aux
S'agissant de l'adapteur, celui-ci présente une ouverture verticale de configuration pyramidale pour recevoir le fourreau. La dent présente un orifice supérieur (D1) pour l'introduction de la clavette avec des parties évasées (D12-D13) pour autoriser le passage de la partie active de l'outil de démontage et l'accès aux différentes encoches (C4). Par ailleurs, lesdites parties évasées ont un profil penté rectiligne (D12.1-D13.1) pour constituer une base de contre-appui lors du mouvement de pivotement de l'outil de dégagement. La partie inférieure de la dent (D) présente une ouverture de passage (D2) de l'extrémité inférieure de la clavette avec une zone de décrochement (D2.1) supérieure correspondant à la zone d'appui de la zone (C13) de la clavette en formant siège, la partie débouchante inférieure étant référencée par (D2.2) et recevant l'extrémité finale de la clavette.Regarding the adapter, it has a vertical opening of pyramidal configuration to receive the sheath. The tooth has an upper orifice (D1) for introducing the key with flared parts (D12-D13) to allow the passage of the active part of the disassembly tool and access to the different notches (C4). Moreover, said flared portions have a straight-sloped profile (D12.1-D13.1) to constitute a base of counter-support during the pivoting movement of the release tool. The lower part of the tooth (D) has an opening of passage (D2) of the lower end of the key with an upper recess zone (D2.1) corresponding to the zone of support of the zone (C13) of the wedge forming a seat, the lower opening part being referenced by (D2.2) and receiving the final end of the key.
Il convient dès lors d'exposer la mise en oeuvre de l'invention et son fonctionnement.It is therefore necessary to explain the implementation of the invention and its operation.
Le montage de la clavette et du fourreau s'effectue comme suit. Le fourreau (F) est introduit préalablement dans son logement (AL) du support adapteur (A) (voir
En situation d'utilisation pendant le service, on constate les fait suivants.
La mise en compression de la surépaisseur (F1-2) du fourreau par la clavette crée une force de réaction qui pousse cette dernière vers l'arrière et dont les faces actives (C9) et (C10) de la clavette appuient sur l'arrière des orifices (D1) et (D2) de la dent qui est ainsi fermement retenue sur son support. Cette mise en compression de ladite sur-épaisseur (F1-2) provoque la déformation du fourreau élastique qui, étant écrasé, a tendance à s'allonger, et investit les vides laissés dans le logement (AL) du support adapteur proches des zones (F2) et (F3). Cette mise en compression crée aussi, de la part de la clavette C repoussée vers l'arrière, une force d'appui sur la face intérieure arrière (F1-4) du fourreau. Pour éviter qu'une réaction d'opposition de la part de la face (F1-4) qui pourrait avoir tendance à repousser la clavette vers l'avant et à réduire d'autant la force de retenue de la dent, la clavette dispose du dégagement (C8) qui élimine son contact avec la face (F1-4), laquelle n'a plus capacité à transmettre une réaction d'opposition.In situation of use during the service, one notes the following facts.
The compression of the extra thickness (F1-2) of the sheath by the key creates a reaction force that pushes the latter backwards and whose active faces (C9) and (C10) of the key press on the back holes (D1) and (D2) of the tooth which is thus firmly retained on its support. This compression of said over-thickness (F1-2) causes deformation of the elastic sleeve which, being crushed, tends to lengthen, and invests the voids left in the housing (AL) of the adapter support near the zones ( F2) and (F3). This compression also creates, on the part of the key C pushed backwards, a bearing force on the inner rear face (F1-4) of the sleeve. To avoid opposition from the face (F1-4) that may tend to push the key forward and reduce the tooth holding force, the key has the clearance (C8) which eliminates its contact with the face (F1-4), which no longer has the ability to transmit an opposition reaction.
Quelle que soit la pression verticale de haut vers le bas des matériaux de terrassement et autres sur la clavette, le maintien à poste du clavetage pendant le service est assuré par l'impossibilité de sortie par le bas eu égard au blocage de la clavette sur la face de butée (D2-1) de la dent. Pour s'opposer au risque de la pression des matériaux du bas vers le haut, la sécurisation de la clavette, vis-à-vis d'une éventuelle sortie par le haut, est assurée de plusieurs façons.
- a) L'orifice débouchant inférieur (D2-2) de la dent est de surface volontairement très réduite (voir
figure 29 ), laissant très peu d'accès aux matériaux pouvant appuyer sur l'embout de la clavette, lui aussi de section très réduite, donc ne pouvant recevoir qu'une faible poussée. - b) La retenue bi-latérale, formée par le blocage des zones creuses (C5) de la clavette par les reliefs (F1-3) du fourreau, est établie sur une très grande surface. D'autre part, la mise en compression de la sur-épaisseur (F1-2) influence toute la matière située dans les zones qui lui sont proches. C'est le cas des reliefs (F1-3) qui durcissent fortement et créent un blocage très ferme dans les creux (C5) de la clavette.
De manière avantageuse, cette configuration des reliefs (F1-3) du fourreau et des creux (C5), et de la clavette, a la particularité d'être établie parallèlement à l'axe horizontal de l'ensemble de façon à laisser toute liberté à la clavette d'avancer ou de reculer sa position en fonction du niveau d'enfoncement de la dent sur son support adapteur. Les reliefs étagés (F1-3) forment une retenue en escalier qui ne permet pas une sortie intempestive directe totale. Elle ne peut s'établir que par étapes correspondantes à chaque niveau (F1-3).
Si d'aventure une clavette avait, malgré ce qui précède, tendance à remonter, attendu qu'elle reste parfaitement visible pour l'opérateur de la machine, il lui serait facile de la renfoncer de nouveau à poste sans avoir eu le risque de perdre une dent. - c) Dans les cas extrêmes, il demeure l'option de disposer, à l'arrière de la clavette, en zone supérieure du cran (C11) qui formerait une butée de plus pour s'opposer à toute remontée de la clavette.
- a) The lower opening opening (D2-2) of the tooth is voluntarily very small (see
figure 29 ), leaving very little access to materials that can press the tip of the key, also very small section, so can only receive a small thrust. - b) The bi-lateral restraint, formed by blocking the hollow areas (C5) of the key by the reliefs (F1-3) of the sheath, is established over a very large area. On the other hand, the compression of the over-thickness (F1-2) influences all the material located in the areas that are close to it. This is the case of reliefs (F1-3) which harden strongly and create a very firm lock in the recesses (C5) of the key.
Advantageously, this configuration of the reliefs (F1-3) of the sheath and recesses (C5) and of the key has the particularity of being established parallel to the horizontal axis of the assembly so as to leave all freedom at the key to move forward or backward its position according to the level of depression of the tooth on its adapter support. The staggered reliefs (F1-3) form a stepped restraint that does not allow a total direct untimely exit. It can only be established in stages corresponding to each level (F1-3).
If, incidentally, a key had, despite the foregoing, a tendency to rise, since it remains perfectly visible to the operator of the machine, it would be easy to reintroduce it to the post without having the risk of losing a tooth. - c) In extreme cases, it remains the option to have, in the back of the key, in the upper zone of the notch (C11) which would form an additional stop to oppose any ascent of the key.
Il convient d'exposer les modalités de démontage de la clavette.It should be explained how to dismount the key.
Il s'opère par le dessus, donc en position facile d'accès, à l'aide d'un outil classique formant levier tel qu'un tournevis qui, mis en appui sur les faces (D1-2-1) et (D1-3-1) des passages (D1-2) et (D1-3), peut soulever la clavette en se plaçant dans les encoches (C4) sous les deux bossages (C2) et (C3) ainsi que dans les encoches (C4) suivantes, et ce par un effet de contre-appui sur les parties rectilignes et le basculement de l'outil qui fait remonter la clavette. La force d'action sur l'outil est suffisante pour dégager les parties complémentaires pleines et évidées formées sur le fourreau et la clavette.It is operated from above, therefore in easy access position, with the aid of a conventional lever forming tool such as a screwdriver which, resting on the faces (D1-2-1) and (D1 -3-1) passages (D1-2) and (D1-3), can lift the key by placing itself in the notches (C4) under the two bosses (C2) and (C3) and in the notches (C4 ) by the effect of counter-support on the straight parts and the tilting of the tool which raises the key. The force of action on the tool is sufficient to disengage the full and recessed complementary parts formed on the sheath and the key.
La hauteur des bossages (C2) et (C3) est volontairement grande afin que, dans le cas d'une usure extrême de la face supérieure de la dent, il reste, sur la clavette, assez de matière pour l'action de levier telle que représentée ci-dessus.The height of the bosses (C2) and (C3) is voluntarily large so that, in the case of extreme wear of the upper face of the tooth, there remains, on the key, enough material for the action of such lever as shown above.
La solution apportée par l'invention par une liaison ferme entre la clavette et le fourreau due à la complémentarité des formes en saillie et en creux sur les faces latérales (C15-C16) et les faces latérales (F15-F16) du fourreau, avec une liaison élastique serré permet de répondre au problème posé du contrôle du pivotement de la dent par rapport au nez de l'adapteur. L'ensemble clavette-fourreau forme un ensemble monobloc qui rigidifie la liaison dent-adapteur, et limite la possibilité de pivotement. Il s'agit d'un avantage important de l'invention.The solution provided by the invention by a firm connection between the key and the sheath due to the complementarity of the protruding and recessed forms on the lateral faces (C15-C16) and the lateral faces (F15-F16) of the sheath, with a tight elastic connection makes it possible to respond to the problem of controlling the pivoting of the tooth relative to the nose of the adapter. The key-sleeve assembly forms a one-piece assembly that stiffens the tooth-adapter connection, and limits the possibility of pivoting. This is an important advantage of the invention.
Si, dans un cas exceptionnel de force majeure, le processus de démontage ci-avant ne pouvait pas s'accomplir, il demeurerait la possibilité d'extraire la clavette par action du bas vers le haut par l'orifice inférieur débouchant de la dent (D2-2). Dans le cas où la clavette disposerait du cran formant butée (C11), l'outil de démontage n'aurait plus un simple déplacement vertical à accomplir mais devrait, au départ, assurer aussi un effet de levier vers l'avant pour désengager la butée (C11).If, in an exceptional case of force majeure, the disassembly process above could not be accomplished, there would be the possibility of extracting the key by action from the bottom upwards through the lower opening opening of the tooth ( D2-2). In the case where the key has the notch forming stop (C11), the disassembly tool would no longer have a simple vertical movement to accomplish but should, initially, also provide a leverage forward to disengage the stop (C11).
Les avantages de ce dispositif de liaison par clavette ressortent bien de l'invention et on souligne tout particulièrement le montage et démontage faciles de la clavette tout en respectant les contraintes de tenue et de sécurité en cours d'utilisation de l'ensemble du dispositif. La clavette et son fourreau sont, par ailleurs, parfaitement protégés dans l'accouplement dent-adapteur.The advantages of this key connection device are well in the invention and particularly emphasizes the easy assembly and disassembly of the key while respecting the constraints of holding and safety during use of the entire device. The key and its sheath are, moreover, perfectly protected in the tooth-adapter coupling.
Le fonctionnement de la clavette est donc radicalement différent de celui enseigné par le brevet
Selon la demande, le concept intégré donne la capacité par le clavetage à appliquer, une force variable importante de retenue de la dent sur l'adapteur, même si la position d'enfoncement de la dent sur le support adapteur varie. Cette force de retenue est créée par la mise en forte compression du surplus de matière élastique du fourreau.Depending on the application, the integrated concept provides the ability by keying to apply, a significant variable force of tooth retention on the adapter, even if the driving position of the tooth on the adapter bracket varies. This retaining force is created by placing in strong compression the surplus of elastic material of the sheath.
Globalement, un ensemble d'accouplements qui combine la mise en oeuvre des deux caractéristiques de base, à savoir l'intégration de zones d'appui complémentaires conformées sur le nez de l'adapteur, et aussi le dispositif de clavetage, offre une garantie d'utilisation très largement supérieure à l'art antérieur, avec une limitation de l'usure de la dent et de l'adapteur en dépit de la diversité des sollicitations multi-directionnelles.Overall, a set of couplings that combines the implementation of the two basic features, namely the integration of complementary bearing areas shaped on the nose of the adapter, and also the device of keying, offers a guarantee of use very much superior to the prior art, with a limitation of the wear of the tooth and the adapter despite the diversity of multi-directional stresses.
Claims (9)
- Assembly for coupling wear parts on tool holders for civil engineering plant of the type comprising an assembly key (C) between a tooth (D) and an adapter (A), key (C) being vertically positioned, said key (C) fitting in an accommodating sheath (F) made of an elastic material, tooth (D) and adapter (A) being designed with openings and support and limit stop areas allowing insertion of the key-sheath assembly and its retention, key (C) being designed with three special-purpose areas (Z1, Z2, Z3), namely an intermediate area (Z2) that fits in and cooperates with sheath (F), an upper area (Z3) that opens out from the sheath and is designed with means of gripping and positioning a disassembly tool, and a lower area (Z1), and key (C) in its intermediate part having, on its lateral faces, a plurality of horizontal areas (C4) that extend as a succession of recessed areas (C5) and protruding areas (C15) capable of cooperating with a plurality of matching protruding and recessed areas (F 13, F15) provided in the sheath in order to ensure adjustment and anchoring, tooth (D) being designed with an upper flared opening (D1) allowing insertion of key (C) and positioning and actuation of a tool in order to release key (C), key (C) and sheath (F) having matching shapes in order to accommodate key (C) in sheath (F) in various insertion and penetration positions of tooth (D) on the adapter support, characterised in that key (C) consists of a pyramidal body (C1) which enables it to exert a wedge effect and in that lower area (Z1) of key (C) is designed to fit into the lower part forming a seat of the tooth, and in that the intermediate part of the key has, on its lateral faces, a plurality of horizontal tool grip areas that extend as a succession of recessed areas.
- Coupling assembly as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that adapter (A) has a housing (AL) to accommodate elastic sheath (F) and tooth (D) has an upper opening (D1) for inserting key (C) with passages (D1,2) and (D1,3) for access of the tool for disassembling the key and a lower opening (D2) comprising limit stop (D2,1) and through part (D2,2) and in that said flared parts have a straight sloping profile (D12.1-D13.1) in order to constitute a backrest base during swivelling movement of the release tool.
and in that the key consists of a pyramidal body (C1) that enables it to exert a wedge effect with a rounded rear face that is in contact with the openings of tooth (D). - Coupling assembly as claimed in either claim 1 or 2, characterised in that key (C) has, on each of its two lateral faces in its upper part (Z3), a bump (C2-C3) whose function is to grip and oppose the tool as well as one or more successive horizontal notches (C4) spaced along said parts that are intended to allow positioning of the tip of the tool so that it can be removed, and in that at least the upper notch is located away from sheath (F) and in the insertion space or opening formed in the tooth,
and in that the following notch or notches is/are partially located inside the sheath when the key is in place. - Coupling assembly as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that intermediate part (Z2) of the key has, on its two faces and underneath, one or more recessed areas (C5) separated by protruding areas (C15) in an alternating pattern, said areas (C5-C15) being established in a horizontal plane on said lateral faces,
and in that said areas (C5-C15) have a matching profile with a configuration similar to that of the internal part of sheath (F) with a succession of matching recessed and protruding areas (F13-F15) in order to allow assembly and locking in position of the key in the sheath,
and in that the sheath, being made of a material having the capacity for elastic deformation, ensures that the key is securely attached in the sheath. - Coupling assembly as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that lower area (Z1) of the key that protrudes from the sheath has a limit stop face (C13) and an end having a small cross-section (14).
- Coupling assembly as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that front face (C6) of the key is straight and terminates in its lower area with a radius or chamfer (C7),
and in that the rear face of the key comprises an area (C8) that is set back relative to the two active faces (C9 and C10) located on the upper and lower part of the key and which rest in the two openings (D1 and D2) of tooth (D), and in that active face (C9) is designed with a catch (C11) forming a limit stop in order to block upward ejection of the key and, at the end of active face (C10), a chamfer (C12) to facilitate placing the lower end of the key in the opening of tooth (D2). - Coupling assembly as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that sheath (F) is made of a material that has the capacity for elastic deformation and has an external pyramidal shape in order to facilitate fitting and replacing it in its compartment (AL) formed in the adapter support,
and in that the sheath comprises a central transverse opening (F1) that accommodates key (C) and, on its front inside face (F1-1) it has an excess thickness (F1-2) that represents the volume of elastic material that will be compressed by the key when it is inserted. - Coupling assembly as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that the upper shape (F2) and lower shape (F3) of the front face of the sheath are designed so that they leave a gap in the compartment (AL) of the adapter support so as to allow expansion of the excess thickness of material (F1-2) when it is compressed by the key.
- Coupling assembly as claimed in claim 7 or 8, characterised in that a variable number of raised areas (F1-3) and recessed areas (F1-5) are provided on the inside faces of passage (F1) of the sheath and that these match those on the lateral faces of the key, the shape whereof fits into the shapes of the corresponding recesses (C5) of the key,
and in that the rear inside face (F1-4) is straight,
and in that the height of the sheath is selected to match intermediate area (Z2) of the key together with its successive recessed and protruding parts (C5-C15).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0452840A FR2878870B1 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2004-12-02 | COUPLING ASSEMBLY BETWEEN WEAR PARTS ON TOOLS SUPPORTS FOR PUBLIC WORKS EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT |
PCT/FR2005/051004 WO2006059034A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2005-11-30 | Assembly for coupling wear parts on tool holders for civil engineering machines |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1819881A1 EP1819881A1 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
EP1819881B1 true EP1819881B1 (en) | 2012-02-29 |
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EP05819318A Active EP1819881B1 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2005-11-30 | Assembly for coupling wear parts on tool holders for civil engineering machines |
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EP (1) | EP1819881B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101099006B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE547571T1 (en) |
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FR (1) | FR2878870B1 (en) |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US10286400B2 (en) | 2015-07-20 | 2019-05-14 | Caterpillar Work Tools B.V. | Removable tip for a demolition jaw |
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AU2010330673B2 (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2013-05-16 | Cqms Pty Ltd | A lock assembly for an excavator wear member |
CN103174187B (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2015-04-15 | 中交天津港航勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Snap ring tooth device for excavator machinery |
FR3035889B1 (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2017-06-16 | Safe Metal | DEVICE, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROTECTING A BUCKET AREE |
CN106471885B (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2018-10-16 | 周常 | A kind of weed shovel |
US10729434B2 (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2020-08-04 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical stapler with insertable distal anvil tip |
US10889966B2 (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2021-01-12 | Caterpillar Inc. | Drafted tool bit and blade assembly |
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US2435847A (en) * | 1946-01-14 | 1948-02-10 | Elmer E Robertson | Shovel tooth |
US3710674A (en) * | 1970-12-18 | 1973-01-16 | Meteor Res Ltd | Expandable fastener |
US4727663A (en) * | 1985-10-24 | 1988-03-01 | Esco Corporation | Excavating tooth having a lock including a basket spring |
FR2708973B1 (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1995-10-27 | Pasqualini Charles | Device and method for connecting removable teeth and adapters formed at the ends of tools and receptacles in use on public works vehicles. |
US5456029A (en) * | 1993-11-01 | 1995-10-10 | Caterpillar Inc. | Tooth to adapter coupler |
US5765301A (en) * | 1996-08-05 | 1998-06-16 | H&L Tooth Company | Retention apparatus for a ground engaging tool |
US7171771B2 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2007-02-06 | Esco Corporation | Releasable coupling assembly |
CA2466768A1 (en) * | 2004-05-10 | 2004-10-22 | Quality Steel Foundries Ltd. | Locking assembly for ground engaging tools |
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- 2005-11-30 EP EP05819318A patent/EP1819881B1/en active Active
- 2005-11-30 ES ES05819318T patent/ES2382095T3/en active Active
- 2005-11-30 CN CN2005800460752A patent/CN101099006B/en active Active
- 2005-11-30 WO PCT/FR2005/051004 patent/WO2006059034A1/en active Application Filing
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10286400B2 (en) | 2015-07-20 | 2019-05-14 | Caterpillar Work Tools B.V. | Removable tip for a demolition jaw |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1819881A1 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
FR2878870B1 (en) | 2008-12-05 |
CN101099006B (en) | 2011-05-04 |
ATE547571T1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
CN101099006A (en) | 2008-01-02 |
WO2006059034A1 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
ES2382095T3 (en) | 2012-06-05 |
FR2878870A1 (en) | 2006-06-09 |
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