EP1818120A1 - Molten metal feed nozzle - Google Patents
Molten metal feed nozzle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1818120A1 EP1818120A1 EP05795467A EP05795467A EP1818120A1 EP 1818120 A1 EP1818120 A1 EP 1818120A1 EP 05795467 A EP05795467 A EP 05795467A EP 05795467 A EP05795467 A EP 05795467A EP 1818120 A1 EP1818120 A1 EP 1818120A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- molten metal
- rolls
- extension
- feed nozzle
- nozzle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
- B22D11/064—Accessories therefor for supplying molten metal
- B22D11/0642—Nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/128—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for removing
- B22D11/1287—Rolls; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a molten metal feed nozzle incorporated in a twin roll caster.
- Fig. 1 shows an example of a twin roll caster with a pair of chilled rolls 1 arranged horizontally and in parallel with each other and a pair of side weirs 2 associated with the chilled rolls 1.
- the rolls 1 through which cooling water flows interiorly are adapted to increase or decrease a nip or gap G between the rolls depending upon thickness of a strip 3 to be produced.
- Rotational directions and velocities of the rolls 1 are set such that respective outer peripheries of the rolls are moved from above toward the nip G at constant velocity.
- One and the other of the side weirs 2 are urged to surface-contact one and the other ends of the rolls 1, respectively.
- a molten metal feed nozzle made of refractory is positioned just above the nip G between the rolls.
- the feed nozzle has an elongated nozzle trough 5 which in turn has a top opened for reception of molten metal 4 and longitudinal side walls formed at their lower ends with a plurality of openings 6 for passage from the trough 5 to the outer peripheries of the rolls 1, the openings being spaced apart from each other axially of the rolls 1.
- a molten metal pool 7 is formed above the nip G between the rolls and in contact with the outer peripheries of the rolls 1.
- the molten metal pool 7 is formed and the rolls 1 chilled by passage of the cooling water are rotated, the molten metal 4 is solidified on the outer peripheries of the rolls 1 and the strip 3 is delivered downwardly from the nip G between the rolls.
- Molten metal feed nozzles incorporated in twin roll casters may be divided into those with ends of the nozzle which surface-contact the side weirs 2 (see, for example, Reference 1) and those with ends of the nozzle which are spaced apart from and in parallel with the side weirs 2 (see, for example, Reference 2).
- Reference 1 JP 62-45456A
- Reference 2 Reference 2
- the molten metal feed nozzle remains unchanged in its longitudinal size.
- leakage of the molten metal 4 becomes unsuppressed by merely increasing the force for urging the side weirs 2 to the rolls 1.
- flow velocity distribution at free liquid surface of the molten metal 4 tends to be low at between two parallel surfaces facing to each other, i.e., a surface 9 of the side weir on the molten metal pool and an end wall surface 10 of the molten metal nozzle, in comparison with at between a longitudinal side wall surface 8 of the molten metal nozzle and the chilled roll 1.
- an area A where the molten metal 4 tends to stagnate is formed especially from the end wall surface 10 to a point P0 which is an intersection of nip center line L with the surface 9 of the side weir.
- the strip 3 When such unwanted solidification shell is pinched as foreign matter by the solidification shells generated on the outer peripheries of the chilled rolls 1 upon rotation of the rolls, the strip 3 may be locally thickened into defective shape and/or the nip G between the rolls may be enlarged depending upon part of the strip 3 where the foreign matter is pinched, resulting in break of the strip 3 due to reduction in cooling efficiency and heat recuperation from the molten metal 4.
- the invention was made in view of the above and has its object to provide a molten metal feed nozzle which can avert break of a strip.
- the invention is directed to a molten metal feed nozzle positioned above a nip between rolls of a twin roll caster and having ends spaced apart from side weirs, comprising extensions each contiguous with the nozzle end and extending toward the side weir such that a stagnation area disappears on a free liquid surface of molten metal.
- the extensions eliminate stagnation areas of the free liquid surface of the molten metal; they prevent the molten metal from being lowered in temperature due to radiation heat transmission and suppress generation of unwanted solidification shells.
- Figs. 3 to 6 show a first embodiment of a molten metal feed nozzle according to the invention in which parts identical with those in Figs. 1 and 2 are represented by the same reference numerals.
- Each of nozzle ends is provided with an extension 11 which has a lower portion immersed in a molten metal pool 7 and extends toward a side weir 2 such that a stagnation area A (see Fig. 2) disappears on a free liquid surface of molten metal 4.
- the extension 11 is in the form of a quadrangular pyramid lying sidelong and is convergent to point P1 extremely close to the side weir 2.
- the stagnation area A on the free liquid surface of the molten metal 4 is displaced by the extension 11 contiguous with the nozzle end to suppress generation of an unwanted solidification shell.
- no unwanted solidification shell is pinched as foreign matter by the solidification shells generated on the outer peripheries on the chilled rolls 1 for production of the strip 3, whereby break of the strip 3 due to enlargement of the nip G between the rolls can be averted.
- the extension 11 is gradually reduced in volume toward the side weir 2, so that heat transmission from the molten metal 4 to the extension 11 is reduced.
- the molten metal 4 adjacent to the side weir 2 can be effectively prevented from being lowered in temperature and no unwanted solidification shell for the side weir 2 is generated.
- Figs. 7 and 8 shows a second embodiment of a molten metal feed nozzle according to the invention.
- parts identical with those shown in Figs. 3 to 6 are represented by the same reference numerals.
- Each of nozzle ends is provided with an extension 12 which has a lower portion immersed in a molten metal pool 7 and extends toward a side weir 2 such that a stagnation area A (see Fig. 2) disappears on a free liquid surface of molten metal 4.
- the extension 12 is wedge shaped and is converged to a horizontal line segment between points P2 and P3 extremely close to the side weir 2.
- the stagnation area A on the free liquid surface of the molten metal 4 is displaced by the extension 12 contiguous with the nozzle end to suppress generation of unwanted solidification shell.
- no unwanted solidification shell is pinched as foreign matter by the solidification shells generated on the outer peripheries of the chilled roll 1 for production of the strip 3, whereby break of the strip 3 due to enlargement of the nip G between the rolls can be averted.
- the extension 12 is gradually reduced in volume toward the side weir 2, so that heat transmission from the molten metal 4 (see Fig. 6) to the extension 12 is reduced so that the molten metal 4 adjacent to the side weir 2 can be effectively prevented from being lowered in temperature and no unwanted solidification shell for the side weir 2 is generated.
- Figs. 9 and 10 show a third embodiment of a molten metal feed nozzle according to the invention.
- parts identical with those in Figs. 3 to 7 are represented by the same reference numerals.
- Each of nozzle ends is provided with an extension 13 which has a lower portion immersed in a molten metal pool 7 and extends to a side weir 2 such that a stagnation area A (see Fig. 2) disappears on a free liquid surface of molten metal 4.
- the extension 13 is in the form of tapered quadratic prism lying sidelong and is converged to vertical face with corners P2, P3, P4 and P5 extremely close to the side weir 2.
- Heat transmission from the molten metal 4 (see Fig. 6) to the extension 13 may be much in comparison with the first and second embodiments; however, the third embodiment is easier in machining upon fabrication of the molten metal feed nozzle.
- a molten metal feed nozzle of the invention is not limited to the above embodiments and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
- a molten metal feed nozzle of the invention is applicable to production of strips of steel or other various metals.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a molten metal feed nozzle incorporated in a twin roll caster.
- Fig. 1 shows an example of a twin roll caster with a pair of
chilled rolls 1 arranged horizontally and in parallel with each other and a pair ofside weirs 2 associated with thechilled rolls 1. - The
rolls 1 through which cooling water flows interiorly are adapted to increase or decrease a nip or gap G between the rolls depending upon thickness of astrip 3 to be produced. - Rotational directions and velocities of the
rolls 1 are set such that respective outer peripheries of the rolls are moved from above toward the nip G at constant velocity. - One and the other of the
side weirs 2 are urged to surface-contact one and the other ends of therolls 1, respectively. In a space surrounded and defined by theside weirs 2 androlls 1, a molten metal feed nozzle made of refractory is positioned just above the nip G between the rolls. - The feed nozzle has an elongated nozzle trough 5 which in turn has a top opened for reception of
molten metal 4 and longitudinal side walls formed at their lower ends with a plurality ofopenings 6 for passage from the trough 5 to the outer peripheries of therolls 1, the openings being spaced apart from each other axially of therolls 1. By pouring themolten metal 4 into the nozzle trough 5, amolten metal pool 7 is formed above the nip G between the rolls and in contact with the outer peripheries of therolls 1. - More specifically, when the
molten metal pool 7 is formed and the rolls 1 chilled by passage of the cooling water are rotated, themolten metal 4 is solidified on the outer peripheries of therolls 1 and thestrip 3 is delivered downwardly from the nip G between the rolls. - Since wear on sliding portions of the side weirs relative to the
rolls 1 progresses in direct proportion to accumulative operational time period, force for urging theside weirs 2 against therolls 1 is gradually increased to prevent leakage of themolten metal 4 from between such members. - Molten metal feed nozzles incorporated in twin roll casters may be divided into those with ends of the nozzle which surface-contact the side weirs 2 (see, for example, Reference 1) and those with ends of the nozzle which are spaced apart from and in parallel with the side weirs 2 (see, for example, Reference 2).
[Reference 1]JP 62-45456A
[Reference 2]JP 6-114505A - However, in application of a structure in
Reference 1, the molten metal feed nozzle remains unchanged in its longitudinal size. Thus, as the wear on the sliding portion of theside weir 2 progresses, leakage of themolten metal 4 becomes unsuppressed by merely increasing the force for urging theside weirs 2 to therolls 1. - In application of a structure in
Reference 2, as shown in Fig. 10, flow velocity distribution at free liquid surface of themolten metal 4 tends to be low at between two parallel surfaces facing to each other, i.e., asurface 9 of the side weir on the molten metal pool and anend wall surface 10 of the molten metal nozzle, in comparison with at between a longitudinalside wall surface 8 of the molten metal nozzle and thechilled roll 1. As a result, an area A where themolten metal 4 tends to stagnate is formed especially from theend wall surface 10 to a point P0 which is an intersection of nip center line L with thesurface 9 of the side weir. - It occurs in the stagnation area A that the
molten metal 4 is lowered in temperature due to radiation heat transmission, and a solidification shell is generated which is unwanted for the free liquid surface of themolten metal 4 and for theend wall surface 10 of the nozzle. - When such unwanted solidification shell is pinched as foreign matter by the solidification shells generated on the outer peripheries of the
chilled rolls 1 upon rotation of the rolls, thestrip 3 may be locally thickened into defective shape and/or the nip G between the rolls may be enlarged depending upon part of thestrip 3 where the foreign matter is pinched, resulting in break of thestrip 3 due to reduction in cooling efficiency and heat recuperation from themolten metal 4. - The invention was made in view of the above and has its object to provide a molten metal feed nozzle which can avert break of a strip.
- In order to attain the above object, the invention is directed to a molten metal feed nozzle positioned above a nip between rolls of a twin roll caster and having ends spaced apart from side weirs, comprising extensions each contiguous with the nozzle end and extending toward the side weir such that a stagnation area disappears on a free liquid surface of molten metal.
- In the invention, the extensions eliminate stagnation areas of the free liquid surface of the molten metal; they prevent the molten metal from being lowered in temperature due to radiation heat transmission and suppress generation of unwanted solidification shells.
- According to a molten metal feed nozzle of the invention, the following excellent effects and advantages can be obtained.
- (1) The extensions prevent the molten metal adjacent to the side weirs from being lowered in temperature and suppress generation of solidification shells on the free liquid surface of the molten metal, so that unwanted solidification shells are not pinched as foreign matter by the solidification shells generated on the outer peripheries of the chilled roll for production of the strip, and thus break of the strip derived from enlargement of the nip between the rolls can be averted.
- (2) When the extensions are shaped to be converged toward the side weirs for gradual reduction in volume of the extensions, heat transmission from the molten metal to the extensions is reduced, so that the molten metal adjacent to the side weirs is effectively prevented from being lowered in temperature.
-
- [Fig. 1] A schematic diagram showing an example of a twin roll caster.
- [Fig. 2] A schematic diagram showing flow velocity distribution on a free surface of molten metal adjacent to a molten metal feed nozzle shown in Fig. 1.
- [Fig. 3] A partial perspective view from below showing a first embodiment of a molten metal feed nozzle according to the invention.
- [Fig. 4] A schematic diagram of the molten metal feed nozzle in Fig. 3 looking axially of the chilled rolls.
- [Fig. 5] A schematic diagram of the molten metal feed nozzle in Fig. 3 looking tangentially of the chilled roll.
- [Fig. 6] A schematic diagram showing flow velocity distribution on a free surface of molten metal adjacent to the molten metal feed nozzle of Fig. 3.
- [Fig. 7] A partial perspective view from below showing a second embodiment of a molten metal feed nozzle according to the invention.
- [Fig. 8] A schematic diagram of the molten metal feed nozzle in Fig. 7 looking axially of the chilled rolls.
- [Fig. 9] A partial perspective view from below showing a third embodiment of a molten metal feed nozzle according to the invention.
- [Fig. 10] A schematic diagram of the molten metal feed nozzle in Fig. 9 looking axially of the chilled rolls.
-
- 2 side weir
- 7 molten metal pool
- 11,12,13 extension
- A area
- G nip or gap
- P1 point
- Embodiments of the invention will be described in conjunction with the drawings.
- Figs. 3 to 6 show a first embodiment of a molten metal feed nozzle according to the invention in which parts identical with those in Figs. 1 and 2 are represented by the same reference numerals.
- Each of nozzle ends is provided with an
extension 11 which has a lower portion immersed in amolten metal pool 7 and extends toward aside weir 2 such that a stagnation area A (see Fig. 2) disappears on a free liquid surface ofmolten metal 4. - The
extension 11 is in the form of a quadrangular pyramid lying sidelong and is convergent to point P1 extremely close to theside weir 2. - In the twin roll caster with such molten metal feed nozzle incorporated, the stagnation area A on the free liquid surface of the
molten metal 4 is displaced by theextension 11 contiguous with the nozzle end to suppress generation of an unwanted solidification shell. As a result, no unwanted solidification shell is pinched as foreign matter by the solidification shells generated on the outer peripheries on thechilled rolls 1 for production of thestrip 3, whereby break of thestrip 3 due to enlargement of the nip G between the rolls can be averted. - In addition, the
extension 11 is gradually reduced in volume toward theside weir 2, so that heat transmission from themolten metal 4 to theextension 11 is reduced. As a result, themolten metal 4 adjacent to theside weir 2 can be effectively prevented from being lowered in temperature and no unwanted solidification shell for theside weir 2 is generated. - Figs. 7 and 8 shows a second embodiment of a molten metal feed nozzle according to the invention. In the figures, parts identical with those shown in Figs. 3 to 6 are represented by the same reference numerals.
- Each of nozzle ends is provided with an
extension 12 which has a lower portion immersed in amolten metal pool 7 and extends toward aside weir 2 such that a stagnation area A (see Fig. 2) disappears on a free liquid surface ofmolten metal 4. - The
extension 12 is wedge shaped and is converged to a horizontal line segment between points P2 and P3 extremely close to theside weir 2. - In the twin roll caster with such molten metal feed nozzle incorporated, the stagnation area A on the free liquid surface of the
molten metal 4 is displaced by theextension 12 contiguous with the nozzle end to suppress generation of unwanted solidification shell. As a result, no unwanted solidification shell is pinched as foreign matter by the solidification shells generated on the outer peripheries of thechilled roll 1 for production of thestrip 3, whereby break of thestrip 3 due to enlargement of the nip G between the rolls can be averted. - In addition, the
extension 12 is gradually reduced in volume toward theside weir 2, so that heat transmission from the molten metal 4 (see Fig. 6) to theextension 12 is reduced so that themolten metal 4 adjacent to theside weir 2 can be effectively prevented from being lowered in temperature and no unwanted solidification shell for theside weir 2 is generated. - Figs. 9 and 10 show a third embodiment of a molten metal feed nozzle according to the invention. In the figures, parts identical with those in Figs. 3 to 7 are represented by the same reference numerals.
- Each of nozzle ends is provided with an
extension 13 which has a lower portion immersed in amolten metal pool 7 and extends to aside weir 2 such that a stagnation area A (see Fig. 2) disappears on a free liquid surface ofmolten metal 4. - The
extension 13 is in the form of tapered quadratic prism lying sidelong and is converged to vertical face with corners P2, P3, P4 and P5 extremely close to theside weir 2. - In the twin roll caster with such molten metal feed nozzle incorporated, the stagnation area A of the free liquid surface of the
molten metal 4 is displaced by theextension 13 contiguous with the nozzle end to suppress generation of unwanted solidification shell. As a result, no unwanted solidification shell is pinched as foreign matter by the solidification shells generated on the outer peripheries of thechilled roll 1 for production of thestrip 3, whereby break of thestrip 3 derived from enlargement of the nip G between the rolls can be averted. - Heat transmission from the molten metal 4 (see Fig. 6) to the
extension 13 may be much in comparison with the first and second embodiments; however, the third embodiment is easier in machining upon fabrication of the molten metal feed nozzle. - It is to be understood that a molten metal feed nozzle of the invention is not limited to the above embodiments and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
- A molten metal feed nozzle of the invention is applicable to production of strips of steel or other various metals.
Claims (3)
- A molten metal feed nozzle positioned above a nip (G) between rolls (1) of a twin roll caster and having ends spaced apart from side weirs (2), comprising extensions (11;12;13) each contiguous with the nozzle end and extending toward the side weir (2) such that a stagnation area (A) disappears on a free liquid surface of molten metal (4).
- A molten metal feed nozzle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extension (11;12;13) is converged toward the side weir (2).
- A molten metal feed nozzle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extension (11) is converged to a point (P1) extremely close to the side weir (2).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004311962A JP4720145B2 (en) | 2004-10-27 | 2004-10-27 | Molten metal supply nozzle |
PCT/JP2005/019282 WO2006046459A1 (en) | 2004-10-27 | 2005-10-20 | Molten metal feed nozzle |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1818120A1 true EP1818120A1 (en) | 2007-08-15 |
EP1818120A4 EP1818120A4 (en) | 2008-05-07 |
EP1818120B1 EP1818120B1 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
Family
ID=36227699
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05795467A Not-in-force EP1818120B1 (en) | 2004-10-27 | 2005-10-20 | Twin roll caster with tapered nozzle |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090126895A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1818120B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4720145B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100947756B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101048247B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2005298039B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602005027603D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006046459A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3809416A1 (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1988-10-13 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind | TWO-ROLLER CONTINUOUS CASTING MACHINE |
US4883113A (en) * | 1988-03-03 | 1989-11-28 | Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Pouring device for dual-roll type continuous casting machine |
WO1999014005A1 (en) * | 1997-09-17 | 1999-03-25 | Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Company Limited | Immersion nozzle for casting steel strip |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6245456A (en) | 1985-08-23 | 1987-02-27 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Twin roll type continuous casting machine |
JPH07102426B2 (en) * | 1988-06-20 | 1995-11-08 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Twin roll type continuous casting machine |
JP3063808B2 (en) | 1992-10-06 | 2000-07-12 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Twin roll continuous casting machine |
JP2781734B2 (en) * | 1994-12-14 | 1998-07-30 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Nozzle for continuous casting of wide thin slab |
JPH1058095A (en) * | 1996-08-14 | 1998-03-03 | Nippon Steel Corp | Partition plate in thin cast slab continuous casting apparatus |
-
2004
- 2004-10-27 JP JP2004311962A patent/JP4720145B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-10-20 CN CN2005800369250A patent/CN101048247B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-10-20 DE DE602005027603T patent/DE602005027603D1/en active Active
- 2005-10-20 WO PCT/JP2005/019282 patent/WO2006046459A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-10-20 US US11/577,882 patent/US20090126895A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-10-20 AU AU2005298039A patent/AU2005298039B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-10-20 EP EP05795467A patent/EP1818120B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-10-20 KR KR1020077009936A patent/KR100947756B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3809416A1 (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1988-10-13 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind | TWO-ROLLER CONTINUOUS CASTING MACHINE |
US4883113A (en) * | 1988-03-03 | 1989-11-28 | Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Pouring device for dual-roll type continuous casting machine |
WO1999014005A1 (en) * | 1997-09-17 | 1999-03-25 | Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Company Limited | Immersion nozzle for casting steel strip |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO2006046459A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1818120B1 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
WO2006046459A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
KR100947756B1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
CN101048247A (en) | 2007-10-03 |
JP4720145B2 (en) | 2011-07-13 |
JP2006122933A (en) | 2006-05-18 |
AU2005298039A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
US20090126895A1 (en) | 2009-05-21 |
EP1818120A4 (en) | 2008-05-07 |
DE602005027603D1 (en) | 2011-06-01 |
KR20070068440A (en) | 2007-06-29 |
AU2005298039B2 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
CN101048247B (en) | 2011-02-09 |
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