EP1816113B1 - Gas generating composition - Google Patents
Gas generating composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1816113B1 EP1816113B1 EP07000356.1A EP07000356A EP1816113B1 EP 1816113 B1 EP1816113 B1 EP 1816113B1 EP 07000356 A EP07000356 A EP 07000356A EP 1816113 B1 EP1816113 B1 EP 1816113B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cellulose
- gas generating
- rare earth
- compounds
- light rare
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- -1 rare earth compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940105329 carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002010 basic metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical class [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002357 guanidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RNIHAPSVIGPAFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide-acrylic acid resin Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C RNIHAPSVIGPAFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000896 Ethulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001859 Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019326 ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- SFDJOSRHYKHMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitramide Chemical class N[N+]([O-])=O SFDJOSRHYKHMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 51
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910020854 La(OH)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910002339 La(NO3)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical class [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-tetrazol-5-amine Chemical compound NC1=NN=NN1 ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine;nitric acid Chemical compound NC(N)=N.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002356 laser light scattering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium nitrate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitroguanidine Chemical compound NC(=N)N[N+]([O-])=O IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(Br)C=C GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAKYASSDAXQKKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde Chemical compound CC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O BAKYASSDAXQKKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCYIWFITYHZCIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxybut-1-yne Chemical compound COCCC#C RCYIWFITYHZCIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTNLBRCAVHCUPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(1$l^{2},2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-1$l^{2},2,3,4-tetrazole Chemical compound [N]1N=NN=C1C1=NN=N[N]1 YTNLBRCAVHCUPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910011255 B2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002422 La(NO3)3·6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001963 alkali metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001964 alkaline earth metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YSKUZVBSHIWEFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammelide Chemical compound NC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 YSKUZVBSHIWEFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MASBWURJQFFLOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammeline Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(O)=N1 MASBWURJQFFLOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DVARTQFDIMZBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium nitrate Chemical class [NH4+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O DVARTQFDIMZBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ce+3].[Ce+3] DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021446 cobalt carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KYYSIVCCYWZZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O KYYSIVCCYWZZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940116318 copper carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;carbonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 1
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);trihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[La+3] YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GJKFIJKSBFYMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GJKFIJKSBFYMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFLYOQCSIHENTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum(4+) tetranitrate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Mo+4].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-] WFLYOQCSIHENTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UAGLZAPCOXRKPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;1,2,3-triaminoguanidine Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.NNC(NN)=NN UAGLZAPCOXRKPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGWDKKHSDXWPET-UHFFFAOYSA-E pentabismuth;oxygen(2-);nonahydroxide;tetranitrate Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3].[Bi+3].[Bi+3].[Bi+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGWDKKHSDXWPET-UHFFFAOYSA-E 0.000 description 1
- UOURRHZRLGCVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentazinc;dicarbonate;hexahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O UOURRHZRLGCVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005365 phosphate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/001—Fillers, gelling and thickening agents (e.g. fibres), absorbents for nitroglycerine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/02—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents for neutralising poisonous gases from explosives produced during blasting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas generating composition suitable for airbag restraint systems of automobiles or the like.
- Gas generating agents typically generate a large amount of fine combustion residue and mist (solid components (for example, metal components) in the gas generating agent that are generated by combustion of the gas generating agent) after the combustion. Combustion residue that has been just generated bears heat. If the combustion residue is released into an air bag, the air bag is damaged and there is a risk of inflicting burns to a vehicle occupant. Further, if the airbag is damaged, the mist is released into the vehicle cabin. In order to avoid such danger, a fine-mesh metal filter is disposed inside an inflator.
- the filter has the highest weight ratio among the inflator components, although the filter purifies the gas, the use thereof causes the increase in weight and size of the inflator.
- Decreasing the combustion temperature of the gas generating agent can be considered as a method for reducing the size and weight of the filter.
- JP-A No. 2003-525106 and JP-A No. 2005-126262 describes adding the components for decreasing the combustion temperature.
- US-A-5035757 discloses a pyrotechnic, combustion filterable slag-particles forming gas generating mixture useful for inflating an automobile or aircraft safety crash bag, said pyrotechnic mixture comprising at least one material of each of the following functional groups of materials: (a) a fuel selected from the group of azole compounds consisting of triazole aminotetrazole, tetrazole, bitetrazole and metal salts of these compounds; (b) an oxygen containing oxidizer compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, lanthanide and ammonium nitrates and perchlorates or from the group consisting of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal chlorates and peroxides; (c) a high temperature slag forming material selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal oxides, hydroxides, cabonates, and oxalates; (d) a low-temperature slag forming material which is sufficient in amount during combustion to
- the present invention provides a gas generating composition
- a gas generating composition comprising a light rare earth compound, a fuel, an oxidizing agent and a binder
- the light rare earth compound is selected from the group consisting of oxides, hydroxides, halogenides, nitrates, sulfates, acetates, phosphates, and carbonates of lanthanum, wherein the mean particle size of the light rare earth compound is within a range of 0.5 to 500 ⁇ m, wherein the content of the light rare earth compound in the gas generating composition is 0.1 to 20 mass%
- the fuel is at least one selected from among tetrazole compounds, guanidine compounds, triazine compounds, and nitroamine compounds
- the oxidizing agent is at least one selected from among basic metal nitrates, nitrates, ammonium nitrate, perchlorates, and chlorates
- the binder includes at least one selected from among carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt,
- the present invention provides a gas generating composition that purifies the gas by using a rare earth compound that is not described in JP-A No. 2003-525106 and JP-A No. 2005-126262 and generates hardly any mist during combustion.
- the light rare earth compound is a compound of lanthanum.
- the light rare earth compound is selected from oxides, hydroxides, halogenides (halides), nitrates, sulfates, acetates, phosphates, and carbonates of lanthanum.
- the light rare earth compound has a mean particle size within a range of 0.5 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the gas generating composition in accordance with the present invention generates but a small amount of carbon monoxide or nitrogen oxide during combustion and generates hardly any mist during combustion.
- the gas generating composition in accordance with the present invention includes a light rare earth compound, a fuel, an oxidizing agent and a binder.
- Other components can be selected from additives that are used in the known gas generating compositions.
- the light rare earth compound acts to decrease the generated amount of toxic nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide after the combustion and also acts to convert the generated mist into a slag residue inside the gas generator.
- the light rare earth compound is a compound of lanthanum.
- the compound is selected from oxides, hydroxides, halogenides, nitrates, sulfates, acetates, phosphates, and carbonates of lanthanum.
- oxides and hydroxides of lanthanum are preferred.
- the light rare earth compound has a mean particle size within a range of 0.5 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably within a range of 0.5 to 100 ⁇ m, and more preferably within a range of 0.7 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the mean particle size is measured by a particle size distribution method based on laser light scattering.
- the measurement sample is prepared by dispersing a basic metal nitrate in water and irradiating for three minutes with ultrasonic waves. Then, a 50% accumulated value (D 50 ) of the number of particles is found and the mean value obtained in two cycles of measurements is taken as a mean particle size.
- the content of the rare earth compound in the gas generating composition is 0.1 to 20 mass%, preferably 0.5 to 15 mass%, and more preferably 0.5 to 10 mass%.
- At least one selected from among tetrazole compounds, guanidine compounds, triazine compounds, and nitroamine compounds is used as the fuel.
- the preferred tetrazole compounds include 5-aminotetrazole and bitetrazole ammonium salt.
- the preferred guanidine compounds are guanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine nitrate, nitroguanidine, and triaminoguanidine nitrate.
- the preferred triazine compounds are melamine, cyanuric acid, ammeline, ammelide, and ammeland.
- the preferred nitroamine compound is cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitramine.
- the oxidizing agent at least one selected from among basic metal nitrates, nitrates, ammonium nitrate, perchlorates, and chlorates is used.
- basic metal nitrate at least one selected from among basic copper nitrate, basic cobalt nitrate, basic zinc nitrate, basic manganese nitrate, basic iron nitrate, basic molybdenum nitrate, basic bismuth nitrate, and basic cerium nitrate can be used.
- the mean particle size thereof is preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the mean particle size is measured by a particle size distribution method based on laser light scattering. The measurement sample is prepared by dispersing a basic metal nitrate in water and irradiating for three minutes with ultrasonic waves. Then, a 50% accumulated value (D 50 ) of the number of particles is found and the mean value obtained in two cycles of measurements is taken as a mean particle size.
- nitrate examples include alkali metal nitrates such as potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate and alkaline earth metal nitrates such as strontium nitrate.
- Perchlorates and chlorates are compounds also producing both the oxidizing action and the combustion enhancing action.
- the oxidizing action means the action that efficiently advances combustion by generating oxygen during combustion and decreases the generation amount of toxic gases such as ammonia and carbon monoxide.
- the combustion enhancing action means the action that improves the ignition ability of the gas generating composition or increases the burning rate.
- At least one selected from among ammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, potassium chlorate, and sodium chlorate can be used as the perchlorates and chlorates.
- the binder includes at least one selected from among carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, carboxymethyl cellulose potassium salt, carboxymethyl cellulose ammonium salt, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethylethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyacrylamide, polyacrylamide amino compound, polyacryl hydrazide, acrylamide - acrylic acid metal salt copolymers, polyacrylamide - polyacrylic acid ester compound copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic rubber, guar gum, starch, and silicone.
- the additive include at least one selected from among copper (for example, electrolytic copper powder), metal oxides such as copper oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, molybdenum oxide, nickel oxide, bismuth oxide, silica, and alumina, metal carbonates and basic metal carbonates such as cobalt carbonate, calcium carbonate, basic zinc carbonate, and basic copper carbonate, complex compounds of metal oxides or hydroxides such as Japanese acid clay, kaolin, talc, bentonite, deatomaceous earth, and hydrotalcite, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, metallic acid salts such as sodium silicate, mica molybdenic acid salt, cobalt molybdate, and ammonium molybdate, molybdenum disulfide, calcium stearate, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide.
- copper for example, electrolytic copper powder
- metal oxides such as copper oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, molybdenum oxide
- components other than the rare earth compound can be selected within the range identical to that of an additive selected from among organic compounds as fuels, oxygen-containing oxidizing agents, binders, metal oxide, and metal carbonates as described in JP-A No. 2005-126262 .
- the gas generating composition in accordance with the present invention can be molded to any desired shape such as a single-perforated cylindrical shape, a porous cylindrical shape, or a pellet.
- Such a molded article can be manufactured by adding water or an organic solvent to the gas generating composition, mixing them and extruding (in the case of a molded article having a single-perforated cylindrical shape or a porous cylindrical shape) or by compression-molding (by using a palletizer (in the case of molded article in the form of a pellet).
- the hole can be either of a through hole which pierces in the longitudinal direction or a recess which does not pierce.
- the gas generating composition in accordance with the present invention or a molded article obtained therefrom can be applied, for example, to an airbag inflator of a driver side, an airbag inflator for a passenger side next to a driver, a side airbag inflator, an inflatable curtain inflator, a knee bolster inflator, an inflatable seat belt inflator, a tubular system inflator, and a pretensioner gas generator of various vehicles.
- the inflator using the gas generating composition in accordance with the present invention or a molded article obtained therefrom may be of a pyrotechinc type in which gas is supplied only from the gas generating agent, or of a hybrid type, gas is supplied from both the gas generating agent and a compressed gas such as argon.
- gas generating composition in accordance with the present invention or a molded article obtained therefrom can be also used as an ignition agent called an enhancer agent (or booster) for transmitting the energy of a detonator or squib to the gas generating agent.
- an enhancer agent or booster
- mist solid components, such as a metal component, included in the gas generating agent that are generated by combustion of the gas generating agent
- the filter is heavily damaged and the mist that passed through the filter flows into the air bag.
- the gas generating composition in accordance with the present invention due to the action of the light rare earth compound that is a component thereof, mist generation is made difficult and the generated mist can be caused to remain inside the gas generator as a slag (residue) (the slag is a mist that was retained and solidified inside the gas generator, without passing through the filter). If the generation of mist is thus inhibited and the mist is caused to remain as the slag, the filter is prevented from being damaged by the mist, and the mist does not flow through the filter into the airbag. Therefore, the filter thickness or bulk density can be decreases. As a result, the air bag gas generator employing the gas generating composition in accordance with the present invention can be reduced in weight.
- a total of 5000 g of the components shown in Table 1 and 737 g of water were charged into a mixer and mixed.
- the mixture was extruded with an extruder, cut, and dried to obtain a gas generating composition in the form of a single-perforated pellet having an outer diameter of 3.8 mm, an inner diameter of 1.1 mm, and a length of 4.1 mm.
- a total of 2 g of the gas generating composition (powdered) including the components shown in Table 1 was used and molded to obtain a strand.
- the strand was attached to a tightly closed cylinder having an inner capacity of one liter, and the atmosphere inside the cylinder was replaced with nitrogen. Then, the inside of the cylinder was pressurized up to 6860 kPa with nitrogen, and the strand was ignited by passing an electric current via a nichrome wire to cause the complete combustion. In about twenty seconds after the electric current was passed, the combustion gas was sampled into a gas sampling bag, and the concentrations of NO, CO, and NH 3 (ppm; mass standard) was analyzed with a detection tube.
- a total of 2 g of the gas generating composition (powdered) including the components shown in Table 1 was used and molded to obtain a strand.
- the strand was attached to tightly closed cylinder having an inner capacity of one liter, and the atmosphere inside the cylinder was replaced with nitrogen. Then, the inside of the cylinder was pressurized up to 6860 kPa with nitrogen, and the strand was ignited by passing an electric current via a nichrome wire to cause complete combustion.
- the combustion residue (slag) was sampled and the state thereof was evaluated according to the following criteria.
- the slag remaining inside the tightly sealed cylinder after the test for evaluating the slag state was sampled and sieved via a sieve having a mesh size of 3.3 mm.
- the mass of the slag remaining on the sieve was measured.
- a large amount of the slag remaining on the sieve means that the amount of mist that came into contact with the filter and passed therethrough is small.
- the slag remains in the powdered form. Therefore, the amount of mist that came into contact with the filter and passed therethrough was larger than that in the case of the Examples, provided that the same amount of mist was generated.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a gas generating composition suitable for airbag restraint systems of automobiles or the like.
- Gas generating agents typically generate a large amount of fine combustion residue and mist (solid components (for example, metal components) in the gas generating agent that are generated by combustion of the gas generating agent) after the combustion. Combustion residue that has been just generated bears heat. If the combustion residue is released into an air bag, the air bag is damaged and there is a risk of inflicting burns to a vehicle occupant. Further, if the airbag is damaged, the mist is released into the vehicle cabin. In order to avoid such danger, a fine-mesh metal filter is disposed inside an inflator.
- However, because the filter has the highest weight ratio among the inflator components, although the filter purifies the gas, the use thereof causes the increase in weight and size of the inflator.
- Decreasing the combustion temperature of the gas generating agent can be considered as a method for reducing the size and weight of the filter.
JP-A No. 2003-525106 JP-A No. 2005-126262 -
US-A-5035757 discloses a pyrotechnic, combustion filterable slag-particles forming gas generating mixture useful for inflating an automobile or aircraft safety crash bag, said pyrotechnic mixture comprising at least one material of each of the following functional groups of materials: (a) a fuel selected from the group of azole compounds consisting of triazole aminotetrazole, tetrazole, bitetrazole and metal salts of these compounds; (b) an oxygen containing oxidizer compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, lanthanide and ammonium nitrates and perchlorates or from the group consisting of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal chlorates and peroxides; (c) a high temperature slag forming material selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal oxides, hydroxides, cabonates, and oxalates; (d) a low-temperature slag forming material which is sufficient in amount during combustion to cause the solid combustion particles to coalesce into easily filterable slag or clinkers but not so much as to make a low viscosity liquid, selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, boric oxide and vanadium pentoxide or from the group consisting of alkali metal silicates, borates, and carbonates or from the group consisting of naturally occurring clays and talcs. This prior art teaches that cerium nitrates can be used as oxidizers with high- temperature slag forming potential. It is further disclosed that metal oxides, such as cerium oxides, may be useful as high- temperature slag formers. - The present invention provides a gas generating composition comprising a light rare earth compound, a fuel, an oxidizing agent and a binder,
wherein the light rare earth compound is selected from the group consisting of oxides, hydroxides, halogenides, nitrates, sulfates, acetates, phosphates, and carbonates of lanthanum,
wherein the mean particle size of the light rare earth compound is within a range of 0.5 to 500 µm,
wherein the content of the light rare earth compound in the gas generating composition is 0.1 to 20 mass%,
wherein the fuel is at least one selected from among tetrazole compounds, guanidine compounds, triazine compounds, and nitroamine compounds,
wherein the oxidizing agent is at least one selected from among basic metal nitrates, nitrates, ammonium nitrate, perchlorates, and chlorates, and
wherein the binder includes at least one selected from among carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, carboxymethyl cellulose potassium salt, carboxymethyl cellulose ammonium salt, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethylethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyacrylamide, polyacrylamide amino compound, polyacryl hydrazide, acrylamide-acrylic acid metal salt copolymers, polyacrylamide-polyacrylic acid ester compound copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic rubber, guar gum, starch, and silicone. - The present invention provides a gas generating composition that purifies the gas by using a rare earth compound that is not described in
JP-A No. 2003-525106 JP-A No. 2005-126262 - The light rare earth compound is a compound of lanthanum. The light rare earth compound is selected from oxides, hydroxides, halogenides (halides), nitrates, sulfates, acetates, phosphates, and carbonates of lanthanum. The light rare earth compound has a mean particle size within a range of 0.5 to 500 µm.
- The gas generating composition in accordance with the present invention generates but a small amount of carbon monoxide or nitrogen oxide during combustion and generates hardly any mist during combustion.
- The gas generating composition in accordance with the present invention includes a light rare earth compound, a fuel, an oxidizing agent and a binder. Other components can be selected from additives that are used in the known gas generating compositions. The light rare earth compound acts to decrease the generated amount of toxic nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide after the combustion and also acts to convert the generated mist into a slag residue inside the gas generator.
- The light rare earth compound is a compound of lanthanum. The compound is selected from oxides, hydroxides, halogenides, nitrates, sulfates, acetates, phosphates, and carbonates of lanthanum.
- Among them, oxides and hydroxides of lanthanum are preferred.
- The light rare earth compound has a mean particle size within a range of 0.5 to 500 µm, preferably within a range of 0.5 to 100 µm, and more preferably within a range of 0.7 to 20 µm.
- The mean particle size is measured by a particle size distribution method based on laser light scattering. The measurement sample is prepared by dispersing a basic metal nitrate in water and irradiating for three minutes with ultrasonic waves. Then, a 50% accumulated value (D50) of the number of particles is found and the mean value obtained in two cycles of measurements is taken as a mean particle size.
- The content of the rare earth compound in the gas generating composition is 0.1 to 20 mass%, preferably 0.5 to 15 mass%, and more preferably 0.5 to 10 mass%.
- At least one selected from among tetrazole compounds, guanidine compounds, triazine compounds, and nitroamine compounds is used as the fuel.
- The preferred tetrazole compounds include 5-aminotetrazole and bitetrazole ammonium salt. The preferred guanidine compounds are guanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine nitrate, nitroguanidine, and triaminoguanidine nitrate. The preferred triazine compounds are melamine, cyanuric acid, ammeline, ammelide, and ammeland. The preferred nitroamine compound is cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitramine.
- As the oxidizing agent, at least one selected from among basic metal nitrates, nitrates, ammonium nitrate, perchlorates, and chlorates is used.
- As basic metal nitrate, at least one selected from among basic copper nitrate, basic cobalt nitrate, basic zinc nitrate, basic manganese nitrate, basic iron nitrate, basic molybdenum nitrate, basic bismuth nitrate, and basic cerium nitrate can be used.
- For the basic metal nitrate to increase the burning rate, the mean particle size thereof is preferably 30 µm or less, more preferably 10 µm or less. The mean particle size is measured by a particle size distribution method based on laser light scattering. The measurement sample is prepared by dispersing a basic metal nitrate in water and irradiating for three minutes with ultrasonic waves. Then, a 50% accumulated value (D50) of the number of particles is found and the mean value obtained in two cycles of measurements is taken as a mean particle size.
- Examples of the nitrate include alkali metal nitrates such as potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate and alkaline earth metal nitrates such as strontium nitrate.
- Perchlorates and chlorates are compounds also producing both the oxidizing action and the combustion enhancing action. The oxidizing action means the action that efficiently advances combustion by generating oxygen during combustion and decreases the generation amount of toxic gases such as ammonia and carbon monoxide. On the other hand, the combustion enhancing action means the action that improves the ignition ability of the gas generating composition or increases the burning rate.
- At least one selected from among ammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, potassium chlorate, and sodium chlorate can be used as the perchlorates and chlorates.
- The binder includes at least one selected from among carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, carboxymethyl cellulose potassium salt, carboxymethyl cellulose ammonium salt, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethylethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyacrylamide, polyacrylamide amino compound, polyacryl hydrazide, acrylamide - acrylic acid metal salt copolymers, polyacrylamide - polyacrylic acid ester compound copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic rubber, guar gum, starch, and silicone.
- Examples of the additive include at least one selected from among copper (for example, electrolytic copper powder), metal oxides such as copper oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, molybdenum oxide, nickel oxide, bismuth oxide, silica, and alumina, metal carbonates and basic metal carbonates such as cobalt carbonate, calcium carbonate, basic zinc carbonate, and basic copper carbonate, complex compounds of metal oxides or hydroxides such as Japanese acid clay, kaolin, talc, bentonite, deatomaceous earth, and hydrotalcite, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, metallic acid salts such as sodium silicate, mica molybdenic acid salt, cobalt molybdate, and ammonium molybdate, molybdenum disulfide, calcium stearate, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide.
- No specific limitation is placed on the contents of components other than the rare earth compound. For example, they can be selected within the range identical to that of an additive selected from among organic compounds as fuels, oxygen-containing oxidizing agents, binders, metal oxide, and metal carbonates as described in
JP-A No. 2005-126262 - The gas generating composition in accordance with the present invention can be molded to any desired shape such as a single-perforated cylindrical shape, a porous cylindrical shape, or a pellet.
- Such a molded article can be manufactured by adding water or an organic solvent to the gas generating composition, mixing them and extruding (in the case of a molded article having a single-perforated cylindrical shape or a porous cylindrical shape) or by compression-molding (by using a palletizer (in the case of molded article in the form of a pellet). In a molded article having a single-perforated cylindrical shape or a porous cylindrical shape, the hole can be either of a through hole which pierces in the longitudinal direction or a recess which does not pierce.
- The gas generating composition in accordance with the present invention or a molded article obtained therefrom can be applied, for example, to an airbag inflator of a driver side, an airbag inflator for a passenger side next to a driver, a side airbag inflator, an inflatable curtain inflator, a knee bolster inflator, an inflatable seat belt inflator, a tubular system inflator, and a pretensioner gas generator of various vehicles.
- The inflator using the gas generating composition in accordance with the present invention or a molded article obtained therefrom may be of a pyrotechinc type in which gas is supplied only from the gas generating agent, or of a hybrid type, gas is supplied from both the gas generating agent and a compressed gas such as argon.
- Furthermore, the gas generating composition in accordance with the present invention or a molded article obtained therefrom can be also used as an ignition agent called an enhancer agent (or booster) for transmitting the energy of a detonator or squib to the gas generating agent.
- When a gas generating agent burns during the actuation of the airbag gas generator, a mist (solid components, such as a metal component, included in the gas generating agent that are generated by combustion of the gas generating agent) is generated. If the generated amount of mist is large, the filter is heavily damaged and the mist that passed through the filter flows into the air bag. When this problem is solved by increasing the filter thickness (or increasing the bulk density thereof), the weight of the entire gas generator is increased and the demand for weight reduction cannot be met.
- In the gas generating composition in accordance with the present invention, due to the action of the light rare earth compound that is a component thereof, mist generation is made difficult and the generated mist can be caused to remain inside the gas generator as a slag (residue) (the slag is a mist that was retained and solidified inside the gas generator, without passing through the filter). If the generation of mist is thus inhibited and the mist is caused to remain as the slag, the filter is prevented from being damaged by the mist, and the mist does not flow through the filter into the airbag. Therefore, the filter thickness or bulk density can be decreases. As a result, the air bag gas generator employing the gas generating composition in accordance with the present invention can be reduced in weight.
- The present invention will be described below in greater detail based on Examples. Only Examples 1 to 14, Embodiment 18 and Embodiment 19 are in accordance with the invention. Examples 15 to 17 are reference examples.
- A total of 5000 g of the components shown in Table 1 and 737 g of water were charged into a mixer and mixed. The mixture was extruded with an extruder, cut, and dried to obtain a gas generating composition in the form of a single-perforated pellet having an outer diameter of 3.8 mm, an inner diameter of 1.1 mm, and a length of 4.1 mm.
- A total of 2 g of the gas generating composition (powdered) including the components shown in Table 1 was used and molded to obtain a strand. The strand was attached to a tightly closed cylinder having an inner capacity of one liter, and the atmosphere inside the cylinder was replaced with nitrogen. Then, the inside of the cylinder was pressurized up to 6860 kPa with nitrogen, and the strand was ignited by passing an electric current via a nichrome wire to cause the complete combustion. In about twenty seconds after the electric current was passed, the combustion gas was sampled into a gas sampling bag, and the concentrations of NO, CO, and NH3 (ppm; mass standard) was analyzed with a detection tube.
- A total of 2 g of the gas generating composition (powdered) including the components shown in Table 1 was used and molded to obtain a strand. The strand was attached to tightly closed cylinder having an inner capacity of one liter, and the atmosphere inside the cylinder was replaced with nitrogen. Then, the inside of the cylinder was pressurized up to 6860 kPa with nitrogen, and the strand was ignited by passing an electric current via a nichrome wire to cause complete combustion. Upon completion of combustion, the combustion residue (slag) was sampled and the state thereof was evaluated according to the following criteria.
- ○ : has a lump-like shape and is not fractured when pressed with a finger.
- △ : has a lump-like shape, but is fractured when pressed with a finger.
- × : has a powder shape.
- The slag remaining inside the tightly sealed cylinder after the test for evaluating the slag state was sampled and sieved via a sieve having a mesh size of 3.3 mm. The mass of the slag remaining on the sieve was measured. A large amount of the slag remaining on the sieve means that the amount of mist that came into contact with the filter and passed therethrough is small.
-
- La(OH)3: manufactured by Taiyo Koko Co., Ltd., lanthanum hydroxide - 100.
- Nd(OH)3: manufactured by Taiyo Koko Co., Ltd., neodymium hydroxide - 98.
- La(NO3)3[La(NO3)3·6H2O]: Kohnan Muki Ltd., lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate.
- Cu: electrolytic copper powder, manufactured by Nikko Materials Co., Ltd., #6.
- Glass powder: phosphate glass [P2O5 (54 to 56 mass%), Al2O3 (9 to 11 mass%), Na2O (19 to 21 mass%), K2O (14 to 16 mass%), softening point about 400°C.
- GN: guanidine nitrate.
- BCN: basic copper nitrate.
- La(OH)3: particle size 1.2 µm.
- Nd(OH)3: particle size 1 µm
- As is clear from Tables 1 and 2, with the gas generating composition of the Examples, generation of NO and the like was suppressed, and a solid-lump-like slag was formed. Because the mist thus remained in the form of solid slag, the problems associated with the filter being damaged by the mist and the mist passing through the filter can be resolved. A contribution is also made to the decrease in the weight of gas generator because the thickness or bulk density of the filter can be reduced.
- With the gas generating composition of the Comparative Examples, the slag remains in the powdered form. Therefore, the amount of mist that came into contact with the filter and passed therethrough was larger than that in the case of the Examples, provided that the same amount of mist was generated.
Gas generating composition (mass%) | Composition of generated gas (ppm) | Slag state (g) | ||||||||
GN | BCN | CMCNa | Al(OH)3 | Light rare earth compound- additive | NO | CO | NH3 | |||
Example | 1 | 41.20 | 49.80 | 5.00 | - | La(OH)3 (4.00) | 200 | 350 | 5 | ○ |
2 | 39.00 | 48.00 | 5.00 | - | La(OH)3 (8.00) | 210 | 300 | 6 | ○ | |
3 | 37.00 | 46.00 | 5.00 | - | La(OH)3 (12.00) | 150 | 270 | 11 | ○ | |
4 | 42.50 | 50.50 | 5.00 | - | La(OH)3 (2.00) | 80 | 370 | 7 | ○ | |
5 | 43.80 | 49.20 | 5.00 | - | La(NO3)3 (2.00) | 50 | 450 | 6 | ○ | |
6 | 44.00 | 47.00 | 5.00 | - | La(NO3)3 (4.00) | 80 | 410 | 5 | ○ | |
7 | 44.50 | 42.50 | 5.00 | - | La(NO3)3 (8.00) | 55 | 420 | 5 | ○ | |
8 | 42.80 | 48.20 | 5.00 | - | La(OH)3 (2.00)/ La(NO3)3 (2.00) | 50 | 400 | 7 | ○ | |
9 | 41.20 | 46.80 | 5.00 | - | La(OH)3 (500)/ La(NO3)3 (2.00) | 60 | 390 | 4 | ○ | |
10 | 41.50 | 44.50 | 5.00 | - | La(OH)3 (5.00)/ La(NO3)3 (4.00) | 60 | 380 | 6 | ○ | |
11 | 31.50 | 41.50 | 5.00 | 4.00 | La(OH)3 (3.00) | 75 | 300 | 5 | △ | |
12 | 36.00 | 45.00 | 5.00 | 4.00 | La(OH)3 (10.00) | 125 | 180 | 7 | △ | |
13 | 31.00 | 41.00 | 5.00 | - | La(OH)3 (8.00)/ Cu (15.00) | 150 | 210 | 9 | ○ | |
14 | 34.50 | 43.50 | 5.00 | - | La(OH)3 (12.00)/ Cu (5.00) | 110 | 300 | 13 | ○ | |
15 | 41.20 | 49.80 | 5.00 | - | Nd(OH)3 (4.00) | 85 | 400 | 13 | ○ | |
16 | 39.00 | 48.00 | 5.00 | - | Nd(OH)3 (8.00) | 65 | 360 | 11 | ○ | |
17 | 37.00 | 46.00 | 5.00 | - | Nd(OH)3 (12.00) | 150 | 240 | 8 | ○ | |
Comparative Example | 1 | 40.71 | 49.29 | 5.00 | 5.00 | - | 55 | 340 | 6 | × |
2 | 40.71 | 49.29 | 5.00 | 4.00 | Glass powder (1.00) | 60 | 370 | 11 | × |
Gas generating composition (mass%) | Composition of generated gas (ppm) | Slag amount (g) | |||||||
GN | BCN | CMCNa | Al(OH)3 | Light rare earth compound - additive | NO | CO | NH3 | ||
Embodiment 18 | 37.00 | 46.00 | 5.00 | - | La(OH)3 (12.00) | 4 | 73 | 33 | 8.55 |
Embodiment 19 | 34.50 | 43.50 | 5.00 | - | La(OH)3 (12.00)/ Cu (5.00) | 3 | 60 | 29 | 10.33 |
Comparative Example 3 | 43.22 | 46.78 | 3.00 | 6.00 | Glass powder (1.00) | 7 | 60 | 9 | 2.92 |
Claims (1)
- A gas generating composition comprising a light rare earth compound, a fuel, an oxidizing agent and a binder,wherein the light rare earth compound is selected from the group consisting of oxides, hydroxides, halogenides, nitrates, sulfates, acetates, phosphates, and carbonates of lanthanum,wherein the mean particle size of the light rare earth compound is within a range of 0.5 to 500 µm,wherein the content of the light rare earth compound in the gas generating composition is 0.1 to 20 mass%,wherein the fuel is at least one selected from among tetrazole compounds, guanidine compounds, triazine compounds, and nitroamine compounds,wherein the oxidizing agent is at least one selected from among basic metal nitrates, nitrates, ammonium nitrate, perchlorates, and chlorates, andwherein the binder includes at least one selected from among carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, carboxymethyl cellulose potassium salt, carboxymethyl cellulose ammonium salt, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethylethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyacrylamide, polyacrylamide amino compound, polyacryl hydrazide, acrylamide-acrylic acid metal salt copolymers, polyacrylamide-polyacrylic acid ester compound copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic rubber, guar gum, starch, and silicone.
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JP2006017386A JP4847143B2 (en) | 2006-01-26 | 2006-01-26 | Gas generant composition |
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US5035757A (en) * | 1990-10-25 | 1991-07-30 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Azide-free gas generant composition with easily filterable combustion products |
US5725699A (en) * | 1994-01-19 | 1998-03-10 | Thiokol Corporation | Metal complexes for use as gas generants |
CN1250490C (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 2006-04-12 | 阿利安特技术系统公司 | Metal complexes for use as gas generants |
AU6908596A (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-03-19 | Talley Defense Systems, Inc. | Gas generating compositions |
EP0952131A4 (en) * | 1996-12-28 | 1999-12-22 | Nippon Kayaku Kk | Gas-generating agent for air bag |
US6093269A (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 2000-07-25 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Pyrotechnic gas generant composition including high oxygen balance fuel |
US6435552B1 (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 2002-08-20 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Method for the gas-inflation articles |
KR100656304B1 (en) * | 1998-06-10 | 2006-12-12 | 아틀랜틱 리서치 코퍼레이션 | Pyrotechnic gas generant composition including high oxygen balance fuel |
US6017404A (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-01-25 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Nonazide ammonium nitrate based gas generant compositions that burn at ambient pressure |
US6277221B1 (en) * | 1999-04-13 | 2001-08-21 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Propellant compositions with salts and complexes of lanthanide and rare earth elements |
ES2363690T3 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2011-08-11 | Zodiac Automotive Us, Inc. | GAS GENERATION SYSTEM. |
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