EP1810305A2 - Arc-breaker device in particular for an overload protection device - Google Patents

Arc-breaker device in particular for an overload protection device

Info

Publication number
EP1810305A2
EP1810305A2 EP05790852A EP05790852A EP1810305A2 EP 1810305 A2 EP1810305 A2 EP 1810305A2 EP 05790852 A EP05790852 A EP 05790852A EP 05790852 A EP05790852 A EP 05790852A EP 1810305 A2 EP1810305 A2 EP 1810305A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electric arc
arc
cut
upstream end
ribbons
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05790852A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Guy Lafon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB France SAS
Original Assignee
ABB France SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB France SAS filed Critical ABB France SAS
Publication of EP1810305A2 publication Critical patent/EP1810305A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/36—Metal parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/02—Means for extinguishing arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/04—Housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/36—Metal parts
    • H01H2009/365—Metal parts using U-shaped plates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general technical field of equipment protection devices or electrical installations against overvoltages, including transient overvoltages due to lightning, overloads or short circuits.
  • the present invention more particularly relates to a protection device of an electrical installation against overvoltages, overloads or short circuits comprising at least two main electrodes between which an electric arc is likely to form, as well as a device for breaking the electric arc extending, in consideration of the direction of propagation of the electric arc, between an upstream end and a downstream end and having, at its upstream end, an entrance zone of the arc, at the level of wherein the electric arc penetrates inside the cut-off device, said cut-off device comprising, arranged at its upstream end, non-return means of the electric arc, structurally designed and arranged in such a way as to allow the entry of the electric arc in the cut-off device while forming an obstacle against the exit of the electric arc, so as to prevent the arc electrical, once located inside the cutoff device, does not escape from the latter.
  • Such protection devices are generally equipped with a device for breaking the current (or interrupting chamber).
  • this breaking device is intended to ensure the breaking of short-circuit currents.
  • the breaking device is intended to ensure the extinguishing of currents.
  • the cut-off device is generally formed by a plurality of metal splitter plates mounted in parallel so as to decompose the electric arc into small elementary arcs in order to increase the arc voltage and to ensure the breaking of the current.
  • Known cut-off devices intrinsically have a predetermined breaking capacity corresponding to the maximum value of the current they are likely to extinguish.
  • the electric arc can, after having entered the cut-off device, escape from the latter and be reformed. outside, for example by using the shortest path between one of the main electrodes and the end of the splitter plates.
  • Such a phenomenon is particularly harmful to the protection device insofar as it has the effect of interrupting the attempt to cut the current.
  • this phenomenon can occur several times during a short time interval. The electric arc can thus enter the switch-off device, get out and enter again, until the device is destroyed without being able to interrupt the current or short circuit.
  • the objects assigned to the invention therefore aim to remedy the various disadvantages listed above and to propose a new device for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltages, overloads or short circuits whose breaking capacity of the current is improved.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a new device for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltages, overloads or short circuits whose size is limited.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new device for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltages, overloads or short circuits whose structure is particularly adapted to the case of high intensity currents.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a novel device for protection of an electrical installation against overvoltages, overloads or short circuits whose manufacture is particularly simple.
  • the objects assigned to the invention are achieved by means of a device for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltages, overloads or short-circuits comprising at least two main electrodes between which an electric arc is likely to occur.
  • a device for cutting the electric arc extending, in consideration of the direction of propagation of the electric arc, between an upstream end and a downstream end and having, at its upstream end, a zone of entry of the arc, at which the electric arc penetrates inside the cut-off device
  • said cut-off device comprising, arranged at its upstream end, non-return means of arc ignition, structurally designed and arranged to allow entry of the electric arc into the cut-off device while forming an obstacle against the exit of the electric arc, so as to prevent the electric arc, once inside the cut-off device, does not escape from the latter, characterized in that the insulating means are formed by one or more flexible strips of insulating material, arranged so as to form a barrier partial insulation between the electrodes and the upstream end.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates, in a sectional view, an embodiment of an overvoltage protection device according to the invention.
  • - Figure 2 illustrates, in a side view, a first embodiment of a cut-off device for the protection device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates, in a front view, the cut-off device illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates, in a view from above, the cut-off device illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates, in a front view, another embodiment of a cut-off device for the protection device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates, in a side view, another embodiment of a cut-off device for the protection device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates, in a side view, another embodiment of a cut-off device for the protection device according to the invention.
  • the protective device of an electrical installation against overvoltages, overloads or short circuits is intended to protect equipment or an electrical installation.
  • the term "electrical installation” refers to any type of device or network likely to experience voltage disturbances, including transient overvoltages due to lightning or overloads, including overload currents or short circuit.
  • Such devices may thus consist of surge arresters or surge arresters provided with a current cut-off device or circuit breakers provided with a device for breaking the short-circuit current.
  • an overvoltage protection device of spark gap arrester type but the present invention obviously applies to circuit breakers.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a protection device 1 according to the invention advantageously formed by a spark gap arrester.
  • the protective device 1 comprises, advantageously mounted within an insulating housing 20, at least a first and a second electrode 2, 3 which can form, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the two main electrodes of the spark gap arrester .
  • These two electrodes 2, 3 are kept at a distance from each other and separated by a strip 4 of dielectric material which improves and better control the initiation of an electric arc 5 between the electrodes 2, 3 This so-called upstream part of the device thus constitutes the zone of initiation of the electric arc 5.
  • the electrodes are formed by two contacts, for example a fixed contact and a movable contact held in physical contact with each other to ensure the electrical connection.
  • the electric arc is formed between the two contacts when the movable contact deviates from the fixed contact to ensure the electrical disconnection.
  • the protection device 1 comprises a device 6 for breaking the electric arc 5.
  • the cut-off device 6 is formed by an assembly of splitter plates 7 made of electrically conductive material, for example made of metal, arranged in parallel and at a distance from one another.
  • the fractionation plates 7 are advantageously kept at a distance from one another by means of holding blades 8 made of electrically insulating material.
  • the cut-off device 6 extends, in consideration of the propagation direction F of the electric arc 5, between an upstream end 6A and a downstream end 6B. As illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 5, the cut-off device 6 has, at its upstream end 6A, an input zone E of the electric arc, at which the electric arc 5 enters the 6.
  • the electric arc 5 propagates along the direction of propagation F, within a diverging space 9 extending between the priming zone. of the electric arc and the cutoff device 6.
  • the diverging space 9 is advantageously delimited by the electrodes 2, 3 and preferably filled with air.
  • the cut-off device 6 comprises, at its upstream end 6A, insulating means 10 against the return of the electric arc 5.
  • These insulating means 10 are structurally designed and arranged in such a way as to allow the entry of the electric arc 5 into the cut-off device 6 while forming an obstacle against the output of the electric arc 5 so as to prevent the arc once inside the cut-off device 6 escapes from the latter.
  • the insulating means 6 are thus adapted to prevent the electric arc 5 from going back, in a direction opposite to its normal direction of propagation F, so that when decomposed into a plurality of elementary arcs within the device 6, the electric arc 5 can no longer be reformed outside the cut-off device 6, in particular in the diverging space 9.
  • the non-return insulating means therefore operate in the manner of a trap, and are constructed and arranged relative to the fractionation plates 7 on the one hand and to the electrodes 2, 3 on the other hand, so as to substantially reduce the probability that the electric arc 5 does not escape Cutoff device 6.
  • the design of the protection device 1 according to the invention therefore makes it possible to significantly improve its cut-off capacity of the short-circuit current.
  • the insulating means 10 according to the invention must in fact respond to a new problem which is that of allowing the electric arc to penetrate inside the protective device 6 while limiting the probability that this arc will come out and become reformed outside the cut-off device 6.
  • the insulating means 10 are arranged so as to form a partial insulating barrier between the electrodes 2, 3 and the upstream end 6A of the cut-off device 6.
  • partial insulating barrier does not only refer to barriers physical electrically insulating material but also barriers not necessarily physical, but for example electrically insulating, able to prevent the formation of an electric arc between the electrodes 2, 3 and the upstream end 6A of the cut-off device 6 .
  • the fractionation plates 7 extend, in consideration of the propagation direction F of the electric arc 5, between a front end 7A and a distal end 7B.
  • the front ends 7A and the distal end 7B are located substantially at the same level as the upstream ends 6A and downstream 6B of the cut-off device 6.
  • the splitter plates 7 are each provided with a notch 11 separating, at least partially, each splitter plate 7 into two distinct branches 7C, 7D.
  • the notches 11 form a groove 12 whose shape, for example V, is specifically designed to draw the electric arc 5 inwards In this way, the input area E of the electric arc 5 substantially coincides with the groove 12.
  • the insulating means 10 are arranged so as to physically close, at least partially, the upstream end 6A of the cut-off device 6, thus forming a physical insulating barrier between the electrodes 2, 3 and the upstream end 6A of the cutoff device 6.
  • the insulating means 10 are arranged to cover, in their entirety, the upstream end 6A of the cut-off device 6 located around, for example on either side, the entry zone E of the electric arc 5.
  • the insulating means 10 can thus be arranged, as shown in Figure 3, on either side of the groove 12 so as to cover the front end 7A of the branches 7C, 7D splitting plates 7.
  • the insulating means 10 may be formed by one or more rigid strips (not shown) arranged for example on either side of the groove 12 so as to cover the front end 7A
  • the rigid strips then preferably extend in a plane substantially perpendicular to the direction of propagation F of the electric arc 5, and coplanar with the plane formed by the front ends 7A of the splitter plates 7. .
  • the rigid strips may advantageously be perforated with a plurality of orifices in order to allow the flow of air between the diverging space 9 and the cut-off device 6.
  • the rigid strips come, by one of their faces, in contact with the front ends 7A of the fractionation plates 7, and preferentially in sealed support on the latter.
  • the insulating means 10 are formed by caps 13 disposed on either side of the groove 12 and designed in such a way that in their operative position they cover the front end 7A of one or more splitter plates 7.
  • the caps 13 are preferably formed by a band 14 that is substantially elongated, intended to cover the front end 7A of a plurality of fractionation plates 7, and from which extends a flange 15 arranged and oriented such that when the cap 13 is in its operative position, the flange 15 naturally come to cover the upper edge 12A of the groove 12.
  • the flange 15 of the cap 13 is adapted to penetrate substantially inside the groove 12 when the cap 13 is in its operative position ( Figure 3).
  • the cap 13 has a substantially U-shaped cross section so as to encase the ends of the branches 7C, 7D of the fractionation plates 7, thus substantially conforming to the shape said branches 7C, 7D.
  • the caps 15 comprise teeth 16 arranged at a distance from each other, preferably at regular intervals, and adapted to be housed between two consecutive splitting plates 7 when the cap 13 is in its functional position.
  • the teeth 16 thus make it possible to prevent the deformation and in particular the approach of the splitter plates 7 at their front ends 7A, while improving the insulating properties of the caps 13.
  • the insulating means 10 are advantageously integral with the housing 20 of the protection device 1, said housing 20 comprising on the one hand the main electrodes 2, 3 and on the other hand the cut-off device 6.
  • the shape of the inner surface of the housing 20 is adapted, for example at the time of manufacture by molding of the housing 20, to present relief structures capable of forming the insulating means 10.
  • the insulating means 10 and / or the housing 20 can advantageously be made from a rigid material capable of withstanding the temperature of the arc, for example injected plastic having a good temperature resistance, and even more preferably a resin epoxy or ceramic.
  • the insulating means 10 are advantageously formed by one or more strips 17 which are preferably flexible and adhesive.
  • the ribbons 17 are advantageously arranged so as to completely cover the upstream end 6A of the cut-off device 6 located around the entry zone E of the arc.
  • the tapes 17 are placed on either side of the groove 12 so as to advantageously cover the front ends 7A of the splitter plates 7, in particular the branches 7C, 7D, thus forming caps 13 with a rim 15 penetrating substantially inside the groove 12, similarly to the previously described embodiments.
  • the tapes 17 are made of insulating material resistant to temperature, and especially to the temperature of the arc.
  • the tapes 17 are made from a coated glass fabric, on one of its faces, with a thermosetting silicone adhesive so as to offer excellent thermal and mechanical resistance.
  • the tapes 17 thus preferably comprise a sticky part allowing the fastening of the tapes 17 to the upstream end 6A of the cut-off device 6, by adhesion.
  • the adhesive portion of the ribbons 17 thus marries intimately the upstream end 6A of the cut-off device 6.
  • the insulating means 10 do not form a physical barrier between the electrodes 2, 3 and the upstream end 6A of the cut-off device 6 but an electrically insulating barrier immaterial.
  • the insulating means 10 are advantageously formed by an electrically insulating coating 18 deposited over substantially the entire surface of the end portion 7E, located towards the front end 7A, of one or more plates of 7.
  • the coating 18 is thus advantageously arranged to come to coat said end portion 7E.
  • the coating 18 notably makes it possible to significantly increase the distance that the electric arc has to travel to form again outside the cut-off device 6.
  • the presence of the coating 18 therefore has the effect of reducing the probability that the arc electrical is not reformed between the electrodes 2, 3 main, outside the cutoff device 6.
  • the insulating means 10 are formed by insulating plates 19 arranged on either side of the groove 12 and interposed between two successive splitting plates 7 so as to extend, towards the outside of the cut-off device 6, beyond the front end 7A of said splitter plates 7.
  • the insulating plates 19 also make it possible to prevent the electric arc from escaping outside the cut-off device 6 by increasing the distance to be traveled by the electric arc to reform on the outside of the cut-off device 6. between the main electrodes 2, 3.
  • the cut-off device 6 comprises, at its downstream end 6B, an insulating screen 30 arranged to cover, at least partially, the downstream end 6B of the cut-off device 6. so as to prevent the electric arc 5 from escaping the cut-off device 6 after having passed through it, for example a first time (FIG. 1).
  • the insulating means 10 have a crucial role insofar as, after passing through the breaking device 6 according to the direction of propagation F, the electric arc 5 "bounces" on the insulating screen 30 , and returns in a direction substantially opposite to the direction of propagation F, towards the upstream end 6A, of the cut-off device 6.
  • the applicant has found that the electric arc 5 goes up preferentially along the branches 7C, 7D of the splitter plates 7 and much more rarely at the central portion 12B of the groove 12.
  • the insulating barrier formed by the insulating means 10 makes it possible to significantly reduce the probability of the electric arc escaping at the upstream end 6A of the breaking device 6, thus preventing the electric arc 5 from reforming between the main electrodes 2, 3.
  • the operation of the protection device 1 according to the invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7.
  • an electric arc 5 is established between the two main electrodes 2, 3, which allows the flow of the lightning to the ground.
  • This electric arc 5 then moves to the cut-off device 6 in which it penetrates at the level of the input zone E, situated substantially in the same plane as the groove 12.
  • the electric arc 5 is then decomposed into a plurality of elementary arcs so as to increase the arc voltage of the current with respect to the mains voltage and to limit the intensity of the current flowing through the protection device.
  • the elementary electric arcs move towards the downstream end 6B of the cut-off device 6 until they meet the insulating screen 30.
  • the protection device 1 according to the invention therefore has a breaking capacity of the short-circuit current or of the follow-up current improved compared to the devices of the prior art, and this by limiting the probability that the electric arc , once inside the cut-off device and decomposed into a plurality of elementary arcs, does not escape from the cut-off device to form outside the latter between the main electrodes. Thanks to the presence of the insulating means 10, the protection device according to the invention has a breaking capacity multiplied by at least two compared to the devices of the prior art.
  • the invention finds its industrial application in the design, manufacture and use of protection devices against overvoltages, overloads or short circuits.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a protective device for an electrical installation, comprising at least two electrodes between which an electric arc can form, and a device for interrupting (6) the arc, extending between an upstream end (6A) and a downstream end (6B), with an entry region (E) for the arc at the upstream end (6A) thereof, at which point the arc enters the breaker device (6). Said breaker device (6) comprises insulation means (10) which permit the arc to enter the breaker device (6) whilst forming an obstacle to reaching the exit for the arc, characterised in that the insulation means (10) are formed by one or more flexible ribbons embodied to form a partial insulation barrier between the electrodes and the upstream end (6A). The invention further relates to overload and short-circuit protection devices.

Description

DISPOSITIF DE PROTECTION CONTRE LES SURTENSIONS, LES SURCHARGES OU LES COURTS-CIRCUITS A RUBAN DE COUPURE DEVICE FOR PROTECTION AGAINST OVERVOLTAGES, OVERLOADS OR SHORT CIRCUITS WITH CUTTING RIBBON
DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA
La présente invention se rapporte au domaine technique général des dispositifs de protection d'équipements ou d'installations électriques contre les surtensions, notamment les surtensions transitoires dues à la foudre, les surcharges ou les courts-circuits.The present invention relates to the general technical field of equipment protection devices or electrical installations against overvoltages, including transient overvoltages due to lightning, overloads or short circuits.
La présente invention concerne plus particulièrement un dispositif de protection d'une installation électrique contre les surtensions, les surcharges ou les courts-circuits comportant au moins deux électrodes principales entre lesquelles un arc électrique est susceptible de se former, ainsi qu'un dispositif de coupure de l'arc électrique s'étendant, en considération du sens de propagation de l'arc électrique, entre une extrémité amont et une extrémité aval et présentant, à son extrémité amont, une zone d'entrée de l'arc, au niveau de laquelle l'arc électrique pénètre à l'intérieur du dispositif de coupure, ledit dispositif de coupure comportant, disposés à son extrémité amont, des moyens isolants anti-retour de l'arc électrique, structurellement conçus et agencés de manière à autoriser l'entrée de l'arc électrique dans le dispositif de coupure tout en formant un obstacle à rencontre de la sortie de l'arc électrique, de façon à éviter que l'arc électrique, une fois situé à l'intérieur du dispositif de coupure, ne s'échappe de ce dernier.The present invention more particularly relates to a protection device of an electrical installation against overvoltages, overloads or short circuits comprising at least two main electrodes between which an electric arc is likely to form, as well as a device for breaking the electric arc extending, in consideration of the direction of propagation of the electric arc, between an upstream end and a downstream end and having, at its upstream end, an entrance zone of the arc, at the level of wherein the electric arc penetrates inside the cut-off device, said cut-off device comprising, arranged at its upstream end, non-return means of the electric arc, structurally designed and arranged in such a way as to allow the entry of the electric arc in the cut-off device while forming an obstacle against the exit of the electric arc, so as to prevent the arc electrical, once located inside the cutoff device, does not escape from the latter.
TECHNIQUE ANTERIEUREPRIOR ART
II existe différentes catégories de dispositifs susceptibles d'interrompre un courant, notamment un courant de fréquence classique (50 Hertz) de forte courant, notamment un courant de fréquence classique (50 Hertz) de forte intensité. On distingue en effet les dispositifs permettant de protéger une installation électrique contre les surcharges ou les courts-circuits, du genre disjoncteurs, et les dispositifs permettant de protéger une installation électrique contre les surtensions, du genre parafoudres ou parasurtenseurs.There are different categories of devices capable of interrupting a current, in particular a conventional frequency current (50 Hertz) of strong current, especially a high frequency conventional frequency current (50 Hertz). There are indeed devices for protecting an electrical installation against overloads or short circuits, like circuit breakers, and devices for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltages, such as surge arresters or surge arresters.
De tels dispositifs de protection sont généralement équipés d'un dispositif de coupure du courant (ou chambre de coupure). Dans le cas des disjoncteurs, ce dispositif de coupure est destiné à assurer la coupure des courants de courts-circuits. Dans le cas des parafoudres à éclateur, le dispositif de coupure est destiné à assurer l'extinction des courants de suite.Such protection devices are generally equipped with a device for breaking the current (or interrupting chamber). In the case of circuit breakers, this breaking device is intended to ensure the breaking of short-circuit currents. In the case of spark gap arresters, the breaking device is intended to ensure the extinguishing of currents.
Le dispositif de coupure est généralement formé par une pluralité de plaques de fractionnement métalliques montées en parallèle de manière à décomposer l'arc électrique en petits arcs élémentaires afin d'augmenter la tension d'arc et d'assurer Ia coupure du courant. Les dispositifs de coupure connus présentent, intrinsèquement, un pouvoir de coupure prédéterminé correspondant à la valeur maximale du courant qu'ils sont susceptibles d'éteindre.The cut-off device is generally formed by a plurality of metal splitter plates mounted in parallel so as to decompose the electric arc into small elementary arcs in order to increase the arc voltage and to ensure the breaking of the current. Known cut-off devices intrinsically have a predetermined breaking capacity corresponding to the maximum value of the current they are likely to extinguish.
Ainsi, on constate que lorsque les valeurs d'intensité du courant sont plus importantes que celles préconisées pour un dispositif de coupure donné, l'arc électrique peut, après avoir pénétré dans le dispositif de coupure, s'échapper de ce dernier et se reformer à l'extérieur, par exemple en utilisant le chemin le plus court entre l'une des électrodes principales et l'extrémité des plaques de fractionnement.Thus, it can be seen that when the current intensity values are greater than those recommended for a given cut-off device, the electric arc can, after having entered the cut-off device, escape from the latter and be reformed. outside, for example by using the shortest path between one of the main electrodes and the end of the splitter plates.
Un tel phénomène est particulièrement néfaste au dispositif de protection dans la mesure où il a pour effet d'interrompre la tentative de coupure du courant. En outre, ce phénomène peut se produire plusieurs fois pendant un intervalle de temps assez court. L'arc électrique peut ainsi entrer dans le dispositif de coupure, en sortir puis y entrer à nouveau et ce, jusqu'à ce que l'appareil soit détruit sans être parvenu à interrompre le courant de suite ou de court-circuit.Such a phenomenon is particularly harmful to the protection device insofar as it has the effect of interrupting the attempt to cut the current. In addition, this phenomenon can occur several times during a short time interval. The electric arc can thus enter the switch-off device, get out and enter again, until the device is destroyed without being able to interrupt the current or short circuit.
Pour pallier ces inconvénients, il est connu, lorsque des pouvoirs de coupure supérieurs sont requis, d'augmenter le nombre de plaques de fractionnement, de mettre en série ou en parallèle plusieurs dispositifs de protection ou encore d'avoir recours à des mécanismes complémentaires de coupure physique de l'arc électrique. Toutes ces solutions présentent néanmoins un certain nombre d'inconvénients liés en particulier à leur mise en oeuvre souvent difficile, et au fait qu'elles conduisent à une augmentation significative de l'encombrement des dispositifs de protection.To overcome these drawbacks, it is known, when higher breaking powers are required, to increase the number of splitter plates, to put in series or in parallel several protection devices or to use complementary mechanisms of physical cutting of the electric arc. All these solutions nevertheless have a number of drawbacks related in particular to their often difficult implementation, and to the fact that they lead to a significant increase in the size of the protective devices.
EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Les objets assignés à l'invention visent par conséquent à porter remède aux différents inconvénients énumérés précédemment et à proposer un nouveau dispositif de protection d'une installation électrique contre les surtensions, les surcharges ou les courts-circuits dont le pouvoir de coupure du courant est amélioré.The objects assigned to the invention therefore aim to remedy the various disadvantages listed above and to propose a new device for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltages, overloads or short circuits whose breaking capacity of the current is improved.
Un autre objet de l'invention vise à proposer un nouveau dispositif de protection d'une installation électrique contre les surtensions, les surcharges ou les courts-circuits dont l'encombrement est limité.Another object of the invention is to provide a new device for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltages, overloads or short circuits whose size is limited.
Un autre objet de l'invention vise à proposer un nouveau dispositif de protection d'une installation électrique contre les surtensions, les surcharges ou les courts-circuits dont la structure est particulièrement adaptée au cas des courants de forte intensité.Another object of the invention is to propose a new device for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltages, overloads or short circuits whose structure is particularly adapted to the case of high intensity currents.
Un autre objet de l'invention vise à proposer un nouveau dispositif de protection d'une installation électrique contre les surtensions, les surcharges ou les courts-circuits dont la fabrication soit particulièrement simple.Another object of the invention is to propose a novel device for protection of an electrical installation against overvoltages, overloads or short circuits whose manufacture is particularly simple.
Les objets assignés à l'invention sont atteints à l'aide d'un dispositif de protection d'une installation électrique contre les surtensions, les surcharges ou les courts-circuits comportant au moins deux électrodes principales entre lesquelles un arc électrique est susceptible de se former, ainsi qu'un dispositif de coupure de l'arc électrique s'étendant, en considération du sens de propagation de l'arc électrique, entre une extrémité amont et une extrémité aval et présentant, à son extrémité amont, une zone d'entrée de l'arc, au niveau de laquelle l'arc électrique pénètre à l'intérieur du dispositif de coupure, ledit dispositif de coupure comportant, disposés à son extrémité amont, des moyens isolants anti-retour de l'arc électrique, structurellement conçus et agencés de manière à autoriser l'entrée de l'arc électrique dans le dispositif de coupure tout en formant un obstacle à rencontre de la sortie de l'arc électrique, de façon à éviter que l'arc électrique, une fois situé à l'intérieur du dispositif de coupure, ne s'échappe de ce dernier, caractérisé en ce que les moyens isolants sont formés par un ou plusieurs rubans souples, en matériau isolant, agencés de manière à former une barrière isolante partielle entre les électrodes et l'extrémité amont.The objects assigned to the invention are achieved by means of a device for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltages, overloads or short-circuits comprising at least two main electrodes between which an electric arc is likely to occur. forming, as well as a device for cutting the electric arc extending, in consideration of the direction of propagation of the electric arc, between an upstream end and a downstream end and having, at its upstream end, a zone of entry of the arc, at which the electric arc penetrates inside the cut-off device, said cut-off device comprising, arranged at its upstream end, non-return means of arc ignition, structurally designed and arranged to allow entry of the electric arc into the cut-off device while forming an obstacle against the exit of the electric arc, so as to prevent the electric arc, once inside the cut-off device, does not escape from the latter, characterized in that the insulating means are formed by one or more flexible strips of insulating material, arranged so as to form a barrier partial insulation between the electrodes and the upstream end.
DESCRIPTIF SOMMAIRE DES DESSINSSUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront et ressortiront plus en détails à la lecture de la description faite ci-après, en référence aux dessins annexés, donnés à titre purement illustratif et non limitatif, dans lesquels :Other features and advantages of the invention will appear and will appear in more detail on reading the description given below, with reference to the accompanying drawings, given for purely illustrative and non-limiting purposes, in which:
- La figure 1 illustre, selon une vue en coupe, un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de protection contre les surtensions conforme à l'invention. - La figure 2 illustre, selon une vue de côté, un premier mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de coupure pour le dispositif de protection conforme à l'invention.- Figure 1 illustrates, in a sectional view, an embodiment of an overvoltage protection device according to the invention. - Figure 2 illustrates, in a side view, a first embodiment of a cut-off device for the protection device according to the invention.
- La figure 3 illustre, selon une vue de face, le dispositif de coupure illustré sur la figure 2.FIG. 3 illustrates, in a front view, the cut-off device illustrated in FIG. 2.
- La figure 4 illustre, selon une vue de dessus, le dispositif de coupure illustré sur la figure 2.FIG. 4 illustrates, in a view from above, the cut-off device illustrated in FIG. 2.
- La figure 5 illustre, selon une vue de face, un autre mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de coupure pour le dispositif de protection conforme à l'invention.- Figure 5 illustrates, in a front view, another embodiment of a cut-off device for the protection device according to the invention.
- La figure 6 illustre, selon une vue de côté, un autre mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de coupure pour le dispositif de protection conforme à l'invention.- Figure 6 illustrates, in a side view, another embodiment of a cut-off device for the protection device according to the invention.
- La figure 7 illustre, selon une vue de côté, un autre mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de coupure pour le dispositif de protection conforme à l'invention.- Figure 7 illustrates, in a side view, another embodiment of a cut-off device for the protection device according to the invention.
MEILLEURE MANIERE DE REALISER L'INVENTIONBEST MODE OF REALIZING THE INVENTION
Le dispositif de protection d'une installation électrique contre les surtensions, les surcharges ou les courts-circuits conforme à l'invention est destiné à protéger un équipement ou une installation électrique. L'expression « installation électrique » fait référence à tout type d'appareil ou réseau susceptible de subir des perturbations de tension, notamment des surtensions transitoires dues à la foudre ou encore des surcharges, notamment des courants de surcharge ou de court-circuit. De tels dispositifs peuvent ainsi consister en des parafoudres ou parasurtenseurs à éclateur pourvus d'un dispositif de coupure du courant de suite ou en des disjoncteurs munis d'un dispositif de coupure du courant de court-circuit. Dans la suite de la description, on s'intéresse plus particulièrement à un dispositif de protection contre les surtensions du type parafoudre à éclateur, mais la présente invention s'applique bien évidemment aux disjoncteurs.The protective device of an electrical installation against overvoltages, overloads or short circuits according to the invention is intended to protect equipment or an electrical installation. The term "electrical installation" refers to any type of device or network likely to experience voltage disturbances, including transient overvoltages due to lightning or overloads, including overload currents or short circuit. Such devices may thus consist of surge arresters or surge arresters provided with a current cut-off device or circuit breakers provided with a device for breaking the short-circuit current. In the remainder of the description, a particular interest is given to an overvoltage protection device of spark gap arrester type, but the present invention obviously applies to circuit breakers.
La figure 1 illustre un dispositif de protection 1 conforme à l'invention avantageusement formé par un parafoudre à éclateur. Le dispositif de protection 1 comprend, avantageusement montés au sein d'un boîtier 20 isolant, au moins une première et une deuxième électrodes 2, 3 pouvant former, tel que cela est illustré sur la figure 1 , les deux électrodes principales du parafoudre à éclateur. Ces deux électrodes 2, 3 sont maintenues à distance l'une de l'autre et séparées par une lamelle 4 en matériau diélectrique qui permet d'améliorer et de mieux contrôler l'amorçage d'un arc électrique 5 entre les électrodes 2, 3. Cette partie dite amont du dispositif constitue ainsi la zone d'amorçage de l'arc électrique 5.FIG. 1 illustrates a protection device 1 according to the invention advantageously formed by a spark gap arrester. The protective device 1 comprises, advantageously mounted within an insulating housing 20, at least a first and a second electrode 2, 3 which can form, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the two main electrodes of the spark gap arrester . These two electrodes 2, 3 are kept at a distance from each other and separated by a strip 4 of dielectric material which improves and better control the initiation of an electric arc 5 between the electrodes 2, 3 This so-called upstream part of the device thus constitutes the zone of initiation of the electric arc 5.
Dans le cas d'un disjoncteur, les électrodes sont formées par deux contacts, par exemple un contact fixe et un contact mobile maintenus en contact physique l'un avec l'autre pour assurer la connexion électrique. Dans ce cas, l'arc électrique se forme entre les deux contacts lorsque le contact mobile s'écarte du contact fixe pour assurer la déconnexion électrique.In the case of a circuit breaker, the electrodes are formed by two contacts, for example a fixed contact and a movable contact held in physical contact with each other to ensure the electrical connection. In this case, the electric arc is formed between the two contacts when the movable contact deviates from the fixed contact to ensure the electrical disconnection.
Selon l'invention, et tel que cela est illustré sur la figure 1 , le dispositif de protection 1 comporte un dispositif de coupure 6 de l'arc électrique 5.According to the invention, and as shown in FIG. 1, the protection device 1 comprises a device 6 for breaking the electric arc 5.
De façon particulièrement avantageuse, le dispositif de coupure 6 est formé par un assemblage de plaques de fractionnement 7 en matériau conducteur de l'électricité, par exemple en métal, disposées en parallèle et à distance les unes par rapport aux autres. Les plaques de fractionnement 7 sont avantageusement maintenues à distance les unes des autres à l'aide de lames de maintien 8 en matériau électriquement isolant. Selon l'invention, le dispositif de coupure 6 s'étend, en considération du sens de propagation F de l'arc électrique 5, entre une extrémité amont 6A, et une extrémité aval 6B. Tel que cela est illustré sur les figures 3 à 5, le dispositif de coupure 6 présente, à son extrémité amont 6A, une zone d'entrée E de l'arc électrique, au niveau de laquelle l'arc électrique 5 pénètre à l'intérieur du dispositif de coupure 6. Ainsi, avant de pénétrer dans le dispositif de coupure 6, l'arc électrique 5 se propage suivant le sens de propagation F, au sein d'un espace divergeant 9 s'étendant entre la zone d'amorçage de l'arc électrique et le dispositif de coupure 6. L'espace divergent 9 est avantageusement délimité par les électrodes 2, 3 et préférentiellement rempli d'air.Particularly advantageously, the cut-off device 6 is formed by an assembly of splitter plates 7 made of electrically conductive material, for example made of metal, arranged in parallel and at a distance from one another. The fractionation plates 7 are advantageously kept at a distance from one another by means of holding blades 8 made of electrically insulating material. According to the invention, the cut-off device 6 extends, in consideration of the propagation direction F of the electric arc 5, between an upstream end 6A and a downstream end 6B. As illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 5, the cut-off device 6 has, at its upstream end 6A, an input zone E of the electric arc, at which the electric arc 5 enters the 6. Thus, before entering the cut-off device 6, the electric arc 5 propagates along the direction of propagation F, within a diverging space 9 extending between the priming zone. of the electric arc and the cutoff device 6. The diverging space 9 is advantageously delimited by the electrodes 2, 3 and preferably filled with air.
Selon une caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, le dispositif de coupure 6 comporte, à son extrémité amont 6A, des moyens isolants 10 anti-retour de l'arc électrique 5. Ces moyens isolants 10 sont structurellement conçus et agencés de manière à autoriser l'entrée de l'arc électrique 5 dans le dispositif de coupure 6 tout en formant un obstacle à rencontre de la sortie de l'arc électrique 5 de façon à éviter que l'arc, une fois situé à l'intérieur du dispositif de coupure 6 ne s'échappe, de ce dernier.According to an essential characteristic of the invention, the cut-off device 6 comprises, at its upstream end 6A, insulating means 10 against the return of the electric arc 5. These insulating means 10 are structurally designed and arranged in such a way as to allow the entry of the electric arc 5 into the cut-off device 6 while forming an obstacle against the output of the electric arc 5 so as to prevent the arc once inside the cut-off device 6 escapes from the latter.
Les moyens isolants 6 sont ainsi adaptés pour empêcher l'arc électrique 5 de revenir en arrière, selon une direction opposée à son sens de propagation F normal, de telle sorte qu'une fois décomposé en une pluralité d'arcs élémentaires au sein du dispositif de coupure 6, l'arc électrique 5 ne puisse plus se reformer à l'extérieur du dispositif de coupure 6, notamment dans l'espace divergent 9.The insulating means 6 are thus adapted to prevent the electric arc 5 from going back, in a direction opposite to its normal direction of propagation F, so that when decomposed into a plurality of elementary arcs within the device 6, the electric arc 5 can no longer be reformed outside the cut-off device 6, in particular in the diverging space 9.
Les moyens isolants 10 anti-retour fonctionnent donc à la manière d'une nasse, et sont construits et disposés relativement aux plaques de fractionnement 7 d'une part et aux électrodes 2, 3 d'autre part, de manière à réduire sensiblement la probabilité que l'arc électrique 5 ne s'échappe du dispositif de coupure 6. La conception du dispositif de protection 1 conforme à l'invention permet donc d'améliorer de façon notable son pouvoir de coupure de coupure du courant de court-circuit.The non-return insulating means therefore operate in the manner of a trap, and are constructed and arranged relative to the fractionation plates 7 on the one hand and to the electrodes 2, 3 on the other hand, so as to substantially reduce the probability that the electric arc 5 does not escape Cutoff device 6. The design of the protection device 1 according to the invention therefore makes it possible to significantly improve its cut-off capacity of the short-circuit current.
Les moyens isolants 10 conformes à l'invention doivent en effet répondre à un problème nouveau qui est celui de laisser l'arc électrique 5 pénétrer à l'intérieur du dispositif de protection 6 tout en limitant la probabilité que cet arc ne ressorte et ne se reforme à l'extérieur du dispositif de coupure 6.The insulating means 10 according to the invention must in fact respond to a new problem which is that of allowing the electric arc to penetrate inside the protective device 6 while limiting the probability that this arc will come out and become reformed outside the cut-off device 6.
Avantageusement, les moyens isolants 10 sont agencés de manière à former une barrière isolante partielle entre les électrodes 2, 3 et l'extrémité amont 6A du dispositif de coupure 6. L'expression « barrière isolante partielle », fait non seulement référence à des barrières physiques en matériau électriquement isolant mais également à des barrières non nécessairement physiques, mais par exemple isolantes sur le plan électrique, aptes à empêcher la formation d'un arc électrique entre les électrodes 2, 3 et l'extrémité amont 6A du dispositif de coupure 6.Advantageously, the insulating means 10 are arranged so as to form a partial insulating barrier between the electrodes 2, 3 and the upstream end 6A of the cut-off device 6. The expression "partial insulating barrier" does not only refer to barriers physical electrically insulating material but also barriers not necessarily physical, but for example electrically insulating, able to prevent the formation of an electric arc between the electrodes 2, 3 and the upstream end 6A of the cut-off device 6 .
Avantageusement, les plaques de fractionnement 7 s'étendent, en considération du sens de propagation F de l'arc électrique 5, entre une extrémité frontale 7A et une extrémité distale 7B. Les extrémités frontale 7A et l'extrémité distale 7B sont situées sensiblement au même niveau que les extrémités amont 6A et aval 6B du dispositif de coupure 6. De façon particulièrement avantageuse, les plaques de fractionnement 7 sont pourvues chacune d'une encoche 11 séparant, au moins partiellement, chaque plaque de fractionnement 7 en deux branches 7C, 7D distinctes. Ainsi, lorsque les plaques de fractionnement 7 sont assemblées de manière à former le dispositif de coupure 6, les encoches 11 forment une rainure 12 dont la forme, par exemple en V, est spécifiquement conçue pour attirer l'arc électrique 5 vers l'intérieur du dispositif de coupure 6. De cette façon, la zone d'entrée E de l'arc électrique 5 coïncide sensiblement avec la rainure 12. Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, les moyens isolants 10 sont agencés de manière à refermer physiquement, au moins partiellement, l'extrémité amont 6A du dispositif de coupure 6, formant ainsi une barrière isolante physique entre les électrodes 2, 3 et l'extrémité amont 6A du dispositif de coupure 6.Advantageously, the fractionation plates 7 extend, in consideration of the propagation direction F of the electric arc 5, between a front end 7A and a distal end 7B. The front ends 7A and the distal end 7B are located substantially at the same level as the upstream ends 6A and downstream 6B of the cut-off device 6. Particularly advantageously, the splitter plates 7 are each provided with a notch 11 separating, at least partially, each splitter plate 7 into two distinct branches 7C, 7D. Thus, when the splitter plates 7 are assembled to form the cutoff device 6, the notches 11 form a groove 12 whose shape, for example V, is specifically designed to draw the electric arc 5 inwards In this way, the input area E of the electric arc 5 substantially coincides with the groove 12. According to a first embodiment of the invention, the insulating means 10 are arranged so as to physically close, at least partially, the upstream end 6A of the cut-off device 6, thus forming a physical insulating barrier between the electrodes 2, 3 and the upstream end 6A of the cutoff device 6.
De façon encore plus préférentielle, les moyens isolants 10 sont agencés de manière à recouvrir, en totalité, l'extrémité amont 6A du dispositif de coupure 6 située autour, par exemple de part et d'autre, de la zone d'entrée E de l'arc électrique 5. Les moyens isolants 10 peuvent ainsi être disposés, tel que cela est illustré sur la figure 3, de part et d'autre de la rainure 12 de manière à venir recouvrir l'extrémité frontale 7A des branches 7C, 7D des plaques de fractionnement 7.Even more preferably, the insulating means 10 are arranged to cover, in their entirety, the upstream end 6A of the cut-off device 6 located around, for example on either side, the entry zone E of the electric arc 5. The insulating means 10 can thus be arranged, as shown in Figure 3, on either side of the groove 12 so as to cover the front end 7A of the branches 7C, 7D splitting plates 7.
Selon une première variante de réalisation de l'invention, les moyens isolants 10 peuvent être formés par une ou plusieurs bandes rigides (non représentées) disposées par exemple de part et d'autre de la rainure 12 de manière à recouvrir l'extrémité frontale 7A des plaques de fractionnement 7. Les bandes rigides s'étendent alors de préférence suivant un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire au sens de propagation F de l'arc électrique 5, et de façon coplanaire avec le plan formé par les extrémités frontales 7A des plaques de fractionnement 7.According to a first embodiment of the invention, the insulating means 10 may be formed by one or more rigid strips (not shown) arranged for example on either side of the groove 12 so as to cover the front end 7A The rigid strips then preferably extend in a plane substantially perpendicular to the direction of propagation F of the electric arc 5, and coplanar with the plane formed by the front ends 7A of the splitter plates 7. .
Les bandes rigides peuvent avantageusement être perforées d'une pluralité d'orifices afin de permettre la circulation de l'air entre l'espace divergeant 9 et le dispositif de coupure 6.The rigid strips may advantageously be perforated with a plurality of orifices in order to allow the flow of air between the diverging space 9 and the cut-off device 6.
De façon préférentielle, les bandes rigides viennent, par l'une de leurs faces, en contact avec les extrémités frontales 7A des plaques de fractionnement 7, et préférentiellement en appui étanche sur ces dernières. De façon encore plus préférentielle, les moyens isolants 10 sont formés par des coiffes 13 disposées de part et d'autre de la rainure 12 et conçues de telle manière que dans leur position fonctionnelle, elles recouvrent l'extrémité frontale 7A d'une ou plusieurs plaques de fractionnement 7.Preferably, the rigid strips come, by one of their faces, in contact with the front ends 7A of the fractionation plates 7, and preferentially in sealed support on the latter. Even more preferably, the insulating means 10 are formed by caps 13 disposed on either side of the groove 12 and designed in such a way that in their operative position they cover the front end 7A of one or more splitter plates 7.
Tel que cela est illustré sur les figures 3 et 4, les coiffes 13 sont préférentiellement formées par une bande 14 sensiblement allongée, destinée à venir recouvrir l'extrémité frontale 7A de plusieurs plaques de fractionnement 7, et à partir de laquelle s'étend un rebord 15 agencé et orienté de telle manière que lorsque la coiffe 13 est dans sa position fonctionnelle, le rebord 15 vienne naturellement recouvrir le bord supérieur 12A de la rainure 12.As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, the caps 13 are preferably formed by a band 14 that is substantially elongated, intended to cover the front end 7A of a plurality of fractionation plates 7, and from which extends a flange 15 arranged and oriented such that when the cap 13 is in its operative position, the flange 15 naturally come to cover the upper edge 12A of the groove 12.
De façon préférentielle, le rebord 15 de la coiffe 13 est adapté pour pénétrer sensiblement à l'intérieur de la rainure 12 lorsque la coiffe 13 est dans sa position fonctionnelle (figure 3).Preferably, the flange 15 of the cap 13 is adapted to penetrate substantially inside the groove 12 when the cap 13 is in its operative position (Figure 3).
De façon encore plus préférentielle, et tel que cela est illustré sur la figure 3, la coiffe 13 présente une section sensiblement en U de manière à venir enrober l'extrémité des branches 7C, 7D des plaques de fractionnement 7, épousant ainsi sensiblement la forme desdites branches 7C, 7D.Even more preferably, and as illustrated in FIG. 3, the cap 13 has a substantially U-shaped cross section so as to encase the ends of the branches 7C, 7D of the fractionation plates 7, thus substantially conforming to the shape said branches 7C, 7D.
Selon une variante de réalisation illustrée sur la figure 2, les coiffes 15 comportent des dents 16 disposées à distance les unes des autres, de préférence à intervalles réguliers, et adaptées pour venir se loger entre deux plaques de fractionnement 7 consécutives lorsque la coiffe 13 est dans sa position fonctionnelle. Les dents 16 permettent ainsi d'empêcher la déformation et notamment le rapprochement des plaques de fractionnement 7 au niveau de leurs extrémités frontales 7A, tout en améliorant les propriétés d'isolation des coiffes 13. Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention (non représentée aux figures), les moyens isolants 10 sont avantageusement venus de matière avec le boîtier 20 du dispositif de protection 1 , ledit boîtier 20 comportant d'une part les électrodes 2, 3 principales et d'autre part le dispositif de coupure 6.According to an alternative embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the caps 15 comprise teeth 16 arranged at a distance from each other, preferably at regular intervals, and adapted to be housed between two consecutive splitting plates 7 when the cap 13 is in its functional position. The teeth 16 thus make it possible to prevent the deformation and in particular the approach of the splitter plates 7 at their front ends 7A, while improving the insulating properties of the caps 13. According to an alternative embodiment of the invention (not shown in the figures), the insulating means 10 are advantageously integral with the housing 20 of the protection device 1, said housing 20 comprising on the one hand the main electrodes 2, 3 and on the other hand the cut-off device 6.
Dans ce cas, la forme de la surface interne du boîtier 20 est adaptée, par exemple au moment de la fabrication par moulage du boîtier 20, pour présenter des structures en relief susceptibles de former les moyens isolants 10.In this case, the shape of the inner surface of the housing 20 is adapted, for example at the time of manufacture by molding of the housing 20, to present relief structures capable of forming the insulating means 10.
Les moyens isolants 10 et/ou le boîtier 20 peuvent avantageusement être réalisés à partir d'un matériau rigide susceptible de résister à Ia température de l'arc, par exemple du plastique injecté ayant une bonne tenue en température, et encore plus préférentiellement une résine époxy ou de la céramique.The insulating means 10 and / or the housing 20 can advantageously be made from a rigid material capable of withstanding the temperature of the arc, for example injected plastic having a good temperature resistance, and even more preferably a resin epoxy or ceramic.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, illustré sur la figure 5, les moyens isolants 10 sont avantageusement formés par un ou plusieurs rubans 17 de préférence souples et adhésifs. Les rubans 17 sont avantageusement agencés de manière à recouvrir, en totalité, l'extrémité amont 6A du dispositif de coupure 6 située autour de la zone d'entrée E de l'arc. Tel que cela est illustré sur la figure 5, les rubans 17 sont disposés de part et d'autre de la rainure 12 de manière à recouvrir avantageusement les extrémités frontales 7A des plaques de fractionnement 7, notamment des branches 7C, 7D, formant ainsi des coiffes 13 avec un rebord 15 pénétrant sensiblement à l'intérieur de la rainure 12, de façon similaire aux exemples de réalisation précédemment décrits.According to another embodiment of the invention, illustrated in FIG. 5, the insulating means 10 are advantageously formed by one or more strips 17 which are preferably flexible and adhesive. The ribbons 17 are advantageously arranged so as to completely cover the upstream end 6A of the cut-off device 6 located around the entry zone E of the arc. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the tapes 17 are placed on either side of the groove 12 so as to advantageously cover the front ends 7A of the splitter plates 7, in particular the branches 7C, 7D, thus forming caps 13 with a rim 15 penetrating substantially inside the groove 12, similarly to the previously described embodiments.
Avantageusement, les rubans 17 sont réalisés en matériau isolant résistant à la température, et notamment à la température de l'arc. De façon préférentielle, les rubans 17 sont fabriqués à partir d'un tissu de verre enduit, sur l'une de ses faces, d'un adhésif de type silicone thermodurcissable de manière à offrir une excellente résistance thermique et mécanique.Advantageously, the tapes 17 are made of insulating material resistant to temperature, and especially to the temperature of the arc. In a way Preferably, the tapes 17 are made from a coated glass fabric, on one of its faces, with a thermosetting silicone adhesive so as to offer excellent thermal and mechanical resistance.
Les rubans 17 comportent ainsi de préférence une partie collante permettant la fixation du ou des rubans 17 sur l'extrémité amont 6A du dispositif de coupure 6, par adhérence.The tapes 17 thus preferably comprise a sticky part allowing the fastening of the tapes 17 to the upstream end 6A of the cut-off device 6, by adhesion.
De façon particulièrement avantageuse, la partie collante des rubans 17 vient ainsi épouser, de façon intime, l'extrémité amont 6A du dispositif de coupure 6.In a particularly advantageous manner, the adhesive portion of the ribbons 17 thus marries intimately the upstream end 6A of the cut-off device 6.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention illustré sur les figures 6 et 7, les moyens isolants 10 ne forment pas une barrière physique entre les électrodes 2, 3 et l'extrémité amont 6A du dispositif de coupure 6 mais une barrière électriquement isolante immatérielle.According to another embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, the insulating means 10 do not form a physical barrier between the electrodes 2, 3 and the upstream end 6A of the cut-off device 6 but an electrically insulating barrier immaterial.
Selon une première variante illustrée sur la figure 6, les moyens isolants 10 sont avantageusement formés par un revêtement 18 électriquement isolant déposé sur sensiblement toute la surface de la portion terminale 7E, située vers l'extrémité frontale 7A, d'une ou plusieurs plaques de fractionnement 7. Le revêtement 18 est ainsi avantageusement disposé de manière à venir enrober ladite portion terminale 7E. Le revêtement 18 permet notamment d'augmenter de façon significative la distance que doit parcourir l'arc électrique pour se reformer à l'extérieur du dispositif de coupure 6. La présence du revêtement 18 a donc pour effet de diminuer la probabilité que l'arc électrique ne se reforme entre les électrodes 2, 3 principales, à l'extérieur du dispositif de coupure 6.According to a first variant illustrated in FIG. 6, the insulating means 10 are advantageously formed by an electrically insulating coating 18 deposited over substantially the entire surface of the end portion 7E, located towards the front end 7A, of one or more plates of 7. The coating 18 is thus advantageously arranged to come to coat said end portion 7E. The coating 18 notably makes it possible to significantly increase the distance that the electric arc has to travel to form again outside the cut-off device 6. The presence of the coating 18 therefore has the effect of reducing the probability that the arc electrical is not reformed between the electrodes 2, 3 main, outside the cutoff device 6.
Selon une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention illustrée sur la figure 7, les moyens isolants 10 sont formés par des plaques isolantes 19 disposées de part et d'autre de la rainure 12 et interposés entre deux plaques de fractionnement 7 successives de manière à s'étendre, vers l'extérieur du dispositif de coupure 6, au delà de l'extrémité frontale 7A desdites plaques de fractionnement 7. Les plaques isolantes 19 permettent également d'éviter que l'arc électrique ne s'échappe à l'extérieur du dispositif de coupure 6 en augmentant la distance à parcourir par l'arc électrique pour se reformer à l'extérieur du dispositif de coupure 6, entre les électrodes principales 2, 3.According to another variant embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 7, the insulating means 10 are formed by insulating plates 19 arranged on either side of the groove 12 and interposed between two successive splitting plates 7 so as to extend, towards the outside of the cut-off device 6, beyond the front end 7A of said splitter plates 7. The insulating plates 19 also make it possible to prevent the electric arc from escaping outside the cut-off device 6 by increasing the distance to be traveled by the electric arc to reform on the outside of the cut-off device 6. between the main electrodes 2, 3.
Selon un mode de réalisation encore plus préférentiel de l'invention, le dispositif de coupure 6 comporte, à son extrémité aval 6B, un écran isolant 30 disposé de manière à recouvrir, au moins partiellement, l'extrémité aval 6B du dispositif de coupure 6 de manière à empêcher l'arc électrique 5 de s'échapper du dispositif de coupure 6 après l'avoir traversé, par exemple une première fois (figure 1).According to an even more preferred embodiment of the invention, the cut-off device 6 comprises, at its downstream end 6B, an insulating screen 30 arranged to cover, at least partially, the downstream end 6B of the cut-off device 6. so as to prevent the electric arc 5 from escaping the cut-off device 6 after having passed through it, for example a first time (FIG. 1).
Dans ce mode de réalisation préférentiel, les moyens isolants 10 ont un rôle crucial dans la mesure où, après avoir traversé le dispositif de coupure 6 selon le sens de propagation F, l'arc électrique 5 vient « rebondir » sur l'écran isolant 30, et repart dans une direction sensiblement opposée au sens de propagation F, en direction de l'extrémité amont 6A, du dispositif de coupure 6. Dans une telle configuration, le demandeur a constaté que l'arc électrique 5 remontait préférentiellement le long des branches 7C, 7D des plaques de fractionnement 7 et beaucoup plus rarement au niveau de la partie centrale 12B de la rainure 12.In this preferred embodiment, the insulating means 10 have a crucial role insofar as, after passing through the breaking device 6 according to the direction of propagation F, the electric arc 5 "bounces" on the insulating screen 30 , and returns in a direction substantially opposite to the direction of propagation F, towards the upstream end 6A, of the cut-off device 6. In such a configuration, the applicant has found that the electric arc 5 goes up preferentially along the branches 7C, 7D of the splitter plates 7 and much more rarely at the central portion 12B of the groove 12.
Dès lors, dans ce mode de réalisation, la barrière isolante formée par les moyens isolants 10, permet de réduire de façon notable la probabilité que l'arc électrique ne s'échappe au niveau de l'extrémité amont 6A du dispositif de coupure 6, empêchant ainsi l'arc électrique 5 de se reformer entre les électrodes principales 2, 3. Le fonctionnement du dispositif de protection 1 conforme à l'invention va maintenant être décrit en se référant aux figures 1 à 7.Therefore, in this embodiment, the insulating barrier formed by the insulating means 10 makes it possible to significantly reduce the probability of the electric arc escaping at the upstream end 6A of the breaking device 6, thus preventing the electric arc 5 from reforming between the main electrodes 2, 3. The operation of the protection device 1 according to the invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7.
En fonctionnement, lorsqu'une surtension dépassant une valeur seuil prédéterminée se produit, notamment à la suite d'un impact de foudre, un arc électrique 5 s'établit entre les deux électrodes 2, 3 principales, qui permet l'écoulement du courant de foudre à la terre. Cet arc électrique 5 se déplace ensuite jusqu'au dispositif de coupure 6 dans lequel il pénètre au niveau de la zone d'entrée E, située sensiblement dans le même plan que la rainure 12. L'arc électrique 5 est alors décomposé en une pluralité d'arcs élémentaires de manière à augmenter la tension d'arc du courant par rapport à la tension du réseau et à limiter l'intensité du courant écoulé par le dispositif de protection. Les arcs électriques élémentaires se déplacent vers l'extrémité aval 6B du dispositif de coupure 6 jusqu'à ce qu'ils rencontrent l'écran isolant 30. Il se produit alors un phénomène de « rebond », et les arcs électriques élémentaires repartent en sens inverse au sens de propagation F initial de l'arc électrique 5, en direction de l'extrémité amont 6A du dispositif de coupure 6. Selon le mode de fonctionnement le plus probable, les arcs électriques élémentaires se déplacent vers les branches 7C, 7D et plus précisément le long de ces dernières jusqu'à leur extrémité frontale 7A. Ils se trouvent alors emprisonnés par les moyens isolants 10, qui empêchent ainsi la reformation de l'arc électrique 5 à l'extérieur du dispositif de coupure 6.In operation, when an overvoltage exceeding a predetermined threshold value occurs, in particular as a result of a lightning strike, an electric arc 5 is established between the two main electrodes 2, 3, which allows the flow of the lightning to the ground. This electric arc 5 then moves to the cut-off device 6 in which it penetrates at the level of the input zone E, situated substantially in the same plane as the groove 12. The electric arc 5 is then decomposed into a plurality of elementary arcs so as to increase the arc voltage of the current with respect to the mains voltage and to limit the intensity of the current flowing through the protection device. The elementary electric arcs move towards the downstream end 6B of the cut-off device 6 until they meet the insulating screen 30. There is then a phenomenon of "rebound", and the elementary electric arcs move back in direction in the direction of propagation F initial electric arc 5, in the direction of the upstream end 6A of the cut-off device 6. According to the most probable mode of operation, the elementary electric arcs move towards the branches 7C, 7D and more precisely along the latter to their front end 7A. They are then trapped by the insulating means 10, which thus prevent the reformation of the electric arc 5 outside the cut-off device 6.
Le dispositif de protection 1 conforme à l'invention, présente donc un pouvoir de coupure du courant de court-circuit ou du courant de suite amélioré par rapport aux dispositifs de l'art antérieur, et ce en limitant la probabilité que l'arc électrique, une fois situé à l'intérieur du dispositif de coupure et décomposé en une pluralité d'arcs élémentaires, ne s'échappe du dispositif de coupure pour se reformer à l'extérieur de ce dernier entre les électrodes principales. Grâce à la présence des moyens isolants 10, le dispositif de protection conforme à l'invention présente un pouvoir de coupure multiplié au moins par deux par rapport aux dispositifs de l'art antérieur.The protection device 1 according to the invention therefore has a breaking capacity of the short-circuit current or of the follow-up current improved compared to the devices of the prior art, and this by limiting the probability that the electric arc , once inside the cut-off device and decomposed into a plurality of elementary arcs, does not escape from the cut-off device to form outside the latter between the main electrodes. Thanks to the presence of the insulating means 10, the protection device according to the invention has a breaking capacity multiplied by at least two compared to the devices of the prior art.
POSSIBILITE D'APPLICATION INDUSTRIELLEPOSSIBILITY OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
L'invention trouve son application industrielle dans Ia conception, la fabrication et l'utilisation de dispositifs de protection contre les surtensions, les surcharges ou les courts-circuits. The invention finds its industrial application in the design, manufacture and use of protection devices against overvoltages, overloads or short circuits.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Dispositif de protection d'une installation électrique contre les surtensions, les surcharges ou les courts-circuits comportant au moins deux électrodes (2, 3) principales entre lesquelles un arc électrique (5) est susceptible de se former, ainsi qu'un dispositif de coupure (6) de l'arc électrique s'étendant, en considération du sens de propagation (F) de l'arc électrique (5), entre une extrémité amont (6A) et une extrémité aval (6B) et présentant, à son extrémité amont (6A), une zone d'entrée (E) de l'arc, au niveau de laquelle l'arc électrique (5) pénètre à l'intérieur du dispositif de coupure (6), ledit dispositif de coupure (6) comportant, disposés à son extrémité amont (6A), des moyens isolants (10) anti-retour de l'arc électrique (5), structurellement conçus et agencés de manière à autoriser l'entrée de l'arc électrique (5) dans le dispositif de coupure (6) tout en formant un obstacle à rencontre de la sortie de l'arc électrique (5), de façon à éviter que l'arc électrique (5), une fois situé à l'intérieur du dispositif de coupure (6), ne s'échappe de ce dernier, caractérisé en ce que les moyens isolants (10) sont formés par un ou plusieurs rubans (17) souples, en matériau isolant, agencés de manière à former une barrière isolante partielle entre les électrodes (2, 3) et l'extrémité amont (6A).1 - Device for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltages, overloads or short-circuits comprising at least two main electrodes (2, 3) between which an electric arc (5) is likely to form, as well as a an arc-breaking device (6) extending, in consideration of the direction of propagation (F) of the electric arc (5), between an upstream end (6A) and a downstream end (6B) and having, at its upstream end (6A), an entrance zone (E) of the arc, at which the electric arc (5) penetrates inside the breaking device (6), said breaking device ( 6) comprising, arranged at its upstream end (6A), insulating means (10) anti-return of the electric arc (5), structurally designed and arranged to allow the entry of the electric arc (5) in the cut-off device (6) while forming an obstacle against the exit of the electric arc (5), so n to avoid that the electric arc (5), once located inside the cut-off device (6), escapes from the latter, characterized in that the insulating means (10) are formed by one or a plurality of flexible strips (17) of insulating material arranged to form a partial insulating barrier between the electrodes (2, 3) and the upstream end (6A).
2 - Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le ou les rubans (17) sont agencés de manière à recouvrir, en totalité, l'extrémité amont (6A) du dispositif de coupure (6) située autour de la zone d'entrée (E) de l'arc.2 - Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the ribbon or ribbons (17) are arranged to cover, in full, the upstream end (6A) of the cutoff device (6) located around the entrance area (E) of the bow.
3 - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de coupure (6) est formé par un assemblage de plaques de fractionnement (7) s'étendant, en considération du sens de propagation (F) de l'arc électrique (5), entre une extrémité frontale (7A) et une extrémité distale (7B), lesdites plaques de fractionnement (7) étant pourvues chacune d'une encoche (11) de manière à former, une fois assemblées, une rainure (12) agencée de manière à attirer l'arc électrique (5) de telle sorte que la zone d'entrée (E) de l'arc coïncide sensiblement avec la rainure (12).3 - Device according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the cutoff device (6) is formed by a plate assembly splitter (7) extending, in consideration of the direction of propagation (F) of the electric arc (5), between a front end (7A) and a distal end (7B), said splitter plates (7) being each provided with a notch (11) so as to form, once assembled, a groove (12) arranged to attract the electric arc (5) so that the inlet area (E) of the arc substantially coincides with the groove (12).
- Dispositif selon Ia revendication 3 caractérisé en ce que les rubans (17) sont disposés de part et d'autre de la rainure (12) de manière à recouvrir les extrémités frontales (7A) des plaques de fractionnement (7).- Device according to claim 3 characterized in that the ribbons (17) are arranged on either side of the groove (12) so as to cover the front ends (7A) of the splitter plates (7).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 4 caractérisé en ce que les rubans (17) forment des coiffes (13) avec un rebord (15) pénétrant sensiblement à l'intérieur de la rainure (12).- Device according to claim 4 characterized in that the ribbons (17) form caps (13) with a flange (15) penetrating substantially inside the groove (12).
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le ou les rubans (17) comportent une partie collante permettant la fixation du ou des rubans (17) sur l'extrémité amont (6A), par adhérence.- Device according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the tape or ribbons (17) comprise a tacky portion for fixing the tape or ribbons (17) on the upstream end (6A), by adhesion.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le ou les rubans (17) sont formés par un tissu de verre enduit, sur l'une de ses faces, d'un adhésif.- Device according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the or ribbons (17) are formed by a coated glass fabric on one of its faces, an adhesive.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 7 caractérisé en ce que l'adhésif est formé par un silicone thermo-durcissable.- Device according to claim 7 characterized in that the adhesive is formed by a thermosetting silicone.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de coupure (6) comporte, à son extrémité aval (6B), un écran isolant (30), disposé de manière à recouvrir, au moins partiellement, l'extrémité aval (6B) du dispositif de coupure (6) de manière à empêcher l'arc électrique (5) de s'échapper du dispositif de coupure (6) après l'avoir traversé. - Device according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the cutoff device (6) comprises, at its downstream end (6B), an insulating screen (30) arranged to cover, at least partially, the downstream end (6B) of the cut-off device (6) so as to prevent the electric arc (5) from escaping from the cut-off device (6) after passing through it.
EP05790852A 2004-07-21 2005-07-21 Arc-breaker device in particular for an overload protection device Withdrawn EP1810305A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0408095A FR2873511B1 (en) 2004-07-21 2004-07-21 DEVICE FOR PROTECTION AGAINST OVERVOLTAGES, OVERLOADS OR SHORT CIRCUITS WITH IMPROVED CUT-OFF POWER
PCT/FR2005/001890 WO2006018515A2 (en) 2004-07-21 2005-07-21 Arc-breaker device in particular for an overload protection device

Publications (1)

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EP1810305A2 true EP1810305A2 (en) 2007-07-25

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EP05790852A Withdrawn EP1810305A2 (en) 2004-07-21 2005-07-21 Arc-breaker device in particular for an overload protection device
EP05790731A Withdrawn EP1779398A2 (en) 2004-07-21 2005-07-21 Electric arc extinction device in particular for an overload protection device

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US (2) US20080087648A1 (en)
EP (2) EP1810305A2 (en)
CN (2) CN101036210A (en)
BR (2) BRPI0514271A (en)
FR (1) FR2873511B1 (en)
MX (2) MX2007000830A (en)
WO (2) WO2006018513A2 (en)

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BRPI0514271A (en) 2008-06-10
US20080192400A1 (en) 2008-08-14
WO2006018513A2 (en) 2006-02-23
MX2007000829A (en) 2007-07-24
MX2007000830A (en) 2007-06-05
BRPI0514243A (en) 2008-06-03
WO2006018515A3 (en) 2006-05-04
WO2006018515A2 (en) 2006-02-23
US20080087648A1 (en) 2008-04-17
FR2873511A1 (en) 2006-01-27
EP1779398A2 (en) 2007-05-02
CN101040357A (en) 2007-09-19
WO2006018513A3 (en) 2006-04-20
FR2873511B1 (en) 2006-12-29
CN101036210A (en) 2007-09-12
US7466528B2 (en) 2008-12-16

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