EP1809980B1 - Method of producing an electro-pyrotechnic interface between an electrothermal bridge and a primary composition inside an initiator, and initiator thus obtained - Google Patents
Method of producing an electro-pyrotechnic interface between an electrothermal bridge and a primary composition inside an initiator, and initiator thus obtained Download PDFInfo
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- EP1809980B1 EP1809980B1 EP05814875A EP05814875A EP1809980B1 EP 1809980 B1 EP1809980 B1 EP 1809980B1 EP 05814875 A EP05814875 A EP 05814875A EP 05814875 A EP05814875 A EP 05814875A EP 1809980 B1 EP1809980 B1 EP 1809980B1
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
- F42B3/195—Manufacture
- F42B3/198—Manufacture of electric initiator heads e.g., testing, machines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
- C06B21/005—By a process involving melting at least part of the ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
- C06C7/02—Manufacture; Packing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an electro-pyrotechnic interface between an electrothermal bridge and a primary composition within an electro-pyrotechnic initiator according to the preamble of claim 1 as well as the initiator obtained by the method.
- Such a process and such an initiator are known from the patent US 6,272,992 B . It has applications in the field of pyrotechnics in which it causes the firing of charges (explosive, fuzing, incendiary or other) through an electrical signal.
- Electro-pyrotechnic initiators are devices whose function is to transform an electrical type input signal into a pyrotechnic effect. These devices make it possible to generate effects of flame, incandescent particles, gases or others; these effects may possibly be combined according to the case.
- the initiators allow, for example, the priming of slaughter explosives in the industrial field of quarry and public works mines, the ignition of gas generators for automotive safety (passive protection systems of the pre-tensioning type of belts, pyrotechnic reels , airbags, etc.), the activation of pyromechanisms or the ignition of missile or rocket type devices.
- the electropyrotechnic initiators comprise an electrothermal bridge for supplying heat (temperature rise) under the effect of an electric current to a primary composition which, under the effect of heat, is brought into a reaction. combustible and / or explosive decomposition.
- the transfer of heat between the electrothermal bridge and the primary composition can be effected, depending on the case, by conduction or thermal convection.
- the case of thermal conduction is well known and can be modeled according to the so-called Rosenthal model.
- hot wire initiators are known which are electrothermal bridges of metal filament type generally made with metal alloys but sometimes with a pure metal.
- Other initiators include electrothermal bridges of the type of layers (films) or strips that can be pure or non-metallic (alloys), or even semiconductors.
- the state of the interface between the electrothermal bridge and the primary composition can significantly influence the characteristics of the initiator, in particular with regard to the trip thresholds (electrical energy level causing the decomposition of the primary composition), their speed (speed of transfer of heat from the bridge to the composition), their homogeneity (all the initiators of a batch have substantially the same characteristics).
- initiators Two major families of initiators can be distinguished according to the manner of obtaining the pyrotechnic interface between the electrothermal bridge and the primary composition: the initiators of "dry compressed” technology and the initiators of "quenched” technology. or wet drop.
- the type of hardened or wet-drop type technology has certain advantages, particularly in terms of safety of implementation. It is now well known and it generally uses primary compositions based on lead tri-nitro-resorcinate which are, however, expected to disappear in the future because of the presence of lead. In addition to the fact that not all available primary compositions can be put into a form that allows the implementation of wet technology, the latter is not conducive to obtaining pyrotechnic reaction thresholds optimized both in terms of reaction rate (transfer time of the thermal effect of the bridge electrothermal to the primary composition) than reproducibility (levels of predictable normal variations).
- the main advantage of the dry compressed technology is that it allows optimization (minimization) of the heat transfer rate between the electrothermal bridge heated under the effect of the electric firing signal and the primary composition. Indeed, the compression of the primary composition provides a better "intimacy" (contact) of it with the electrothermal bridge. However, this technique is more restrictive from the point of view of safety and it can not use a primary composition that needs air for the decomposition to be done satisfactorily.
- the present invention proposes a method that can be used both with a wet or a dry technique, whatever the type of electrothermal bridge (wire, layer or strip in particular) and which makes it possible to improve the contact between the primary composition and the bridge. in particular to improve the triggering / firing (speed increase and reproducibility enhancement) qualities of the initiator.
- the proposed method can be described electrothermal finish of pyroelectric interface and it consists in outline to implement a primary composition having thermoplastic qualities (softening and becoming plastic or fluid under the effect of an increase in temperature ) and to heat the thermal bridge of the initiator without, however, the thermal bridge is degraded, so as to temporarily achieve the softening / plasticity / fluidity (these terms being equivalent here) of the primary composition at least in the environment close to the thermal bridge while not causing the decomposition reaction of said composition (no ignition).
- the duration of the maintenance of the heating of the electrothermal bridge is adapted to the importance of the softening obtained by said heating so that the primary composition is rearranged around the electrothermal bridge and allows an intimate and permanent contact of the primary composition with the electrothermal bridge.
- the heating and / or the composition is such that the composition becomes fluid so that the finish is relatively short in time, a composition simply softened or plasticized taking more time for rearrangement. It is understood that outside this finish, under normal environmental conditions, the composition is essentially solid.
- the invention therefore relates to a method for producing an electro-pyrotechnic interface between an electrothermal bridge and a primary composition within an electro-pyrotechnic initiator, the initiator being intended to produce a pyrotechnic effect when a higher electrical energy at a threshold of electrical trip energy is sent into the electrothermal bridge.
- a primary composition which has thermoplastic properties is used, the electrothermal bridge and the thermoplastic-containing primary composition are assembled in the initiator and electrical softening energy is sent into the electrothermal bridge which causes heating. and a softening of the primary composition at least in its part in contact with the electrothermal bridge, the electrical softening energy being of a level below the electric threshold of triggering energy.
- the invention also relates to a device of the electro-pyrotechnic initiator type comprising an electro-pyrotechnic interface between an electrothermal bridge and a primary composition, the initiator being intended to produce a pyrotechnic effect when an electrical energy greater than a threshold of electrical trip energy is sent into the electrothermal bridge.
- the primary composition has thermoplastic properties and is obtained according to one or more of the preceding characteristics.
- the trigger electric energy threshold may be different between the same initiator before and after the implementation of the method since the functional contact between the electrothermal bridge and the primary composition of the interface is improved. It is thus understood that the electrical softening energy that is sent is of a level below the threshold of the lowest electric trigger energy, that is to say that which is normally obtained after the implementation of the method .
- the process is carried out during the manufacture of the initiator and initiators are provided which have already undergone the process of the invention. It is envisaged, however, that the method is implemented in the field before use (firing). In the latter case it is even envisaged to put the primary composition in a state of softening just before firing (whether or not the process has previously been implemented on the initiator). It is understood that these possibilities in the field where generally several initiators are used, require very specific conditions to act precisely on each of the initiators, the paralleling or series on the same command line firing making this possibility more difficult.
- the method allows in a single operation, in addition to improving the interface, a quality control of the electrothermal bridge because it is possible to measure the electrical characteristics, including the electrical resistance, of the electrothermal bridge during operation. sending the heating energy for softening the primary composition.
- the primary composition generally comprises grains of heat sensitive materials (those that make a reaction) which are bonded to each other by at least one binder.
- the thermoplastic properties of the primary composition are then given by the binder which has such properties.
- the invention by a controlled and controlled heating of the bridge and the adjacent primary composition, makes it possible to obtain intimate and final contact (the softening disappears once the heating is removed and the composition drops in temperature) grains with the electrothermal bridge.
- an electro-pyrotechnic initiator whose primary composition is based on a thermoplastic binder is subjected to an electrical stimuli calibrated so as to obtain locally at the interface between the electrothermal bridge and the primary composition a sufficient heating, to ensure an intimate and permanent contact of the primary composition with the bridge. Because of this better contact, the firing characteristics and their reproducibility are improved, the initiator is less likely to see its characteristics evolve following shocks, manipulations, placement in deleterious environments (humidity in particular).
- thermoplastic binder such as polystyrene foam
- pyrotechnic compositions used in pyrotechnic applications comprise binders thermoplastics.
- fluorinated binders such as VITON®.
- primary compositions normally containing no thermoplastic binder it is generally relatively easy to modify their formulation so as to give them thermoplastic properties, especially by using a binder having such properties.
- Binders are preferably used in the constitution of pyrotechnic compositions because they ensure a cohesion between the grains of the composition and more particularly allow to avoid excessive stoichiometric variations within these compositions. In the absence of control of the stoichiometric fluctuations of the pyrotechnic compositions, it is to be feared that the initiator's sensitivity characteristics (release thresholds) will be adversely affected.
- the binders therefore have, among others, the function of contributing to the control of the reproducibility of the stoichiometry within the compositions, especially since these can be manufactured and handled in bulk in relatively large quantities and therefore used under conditions that are sometimes likely to favor the migration and aggregation of some of the constituents between them.
- the binders preferably used generally have a relatively low softening temperature. Increases in temperature at such levels are very easy to achieve and control in a perfectly reproducible manner with the electrothermal bridges used for the electro-pyrotechnic initiation and this, without them being damaged. These electrothermal bridges have in fact been used for the most part for decades and their electrothermal behavior is fairly well known. For resistive type bridges, one can also simulate their behavior with the Rosenthal model as already indicated.
- a heating of the composition around the electrothermal bridge between 150 ° and 250 °, the tripping threshold (firing being generally greater than 300 °), this corresponding to a current of a few hundred mA ( less than the tripping current threshold!) for an application time of several tens to a few hundred ms (between 100 and 200 ms for example).
- a high intensity and a short application time are chosen rather than a low intensity and a prolonged application time in order to effectively obtain a temperature allowing the softening of the primary composition.
- an initiator 1 the section passing through the electrothermal bridge 2 symbolized by a resistor disposed within a primary composition 3 which has thermoplastic properties.
- a primary composition 3 which has thermoplastic properties.
- Such an initiator could have been manufactured by wet or dry technology. It should be noted that the thermoplastic properties could possibly have been used during manufacture
- This determination of the temperature allows a secure implementation of the process by progressively increasing the energy sent into the electrothermal loop to a set temperature corresponding to the softening desired for the primary composition.
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé de réalisation d'une interface électro-pyrotechnique entre un pont électrothermique et une composition primaire au sein d'un initiateur électro-pyrotechnique selon le préambule de la revendication 1 ainsi que l'initiateur obtenu par le procédé. Un tel procédé et un tel initiateur sont connus du brevet
Les initiateurs électro-pyrotechniques sont des dispositifs dont la fonction est de transformer un signal d'entrée de type électrique en un effet pyrotechnique. Ces dispositifs permettent de générer des effets de flamme, de particules incandescentes, de gaz ou autres; ces effets pouvant éventuellement être combinés selon les cas. Les initiateurs permettent par exemple l'amorçage des explosifs d'abattage dans le domaine industriel des mines carrières et travaux publics, l'allumage de générateurs de gaz pour la sécurité automobile (systèmes de protection passive de type pré-tensionneurs de ceintures, enrouleurs pyrotechniques, coussins gonflables, etc. ), l'activation de pyromécanismes ou l'allumage de dispositifs de type missile ou fusée.Electro-pyrotechnic initiators are devices whose function is to transform an electrical type input signal into a pyrotechnic effect. These devices make it possible to generate effects of flame, incandescent particles, gases or others; these effects may possibly be combined according to the case. The initiators allow, for example, the priming of slaughter explosives in the industrial field of quarry and public works mines, the ignition of gas generators for automotive safety (passive protection systems of the pre-tensioning type of belts, pyrotechnic reels , airbags, etc.), the activation of pyromechanisms or the ignition of missile or rocket type devices.
Classiquement, les initiateurs électro-pyrotechniques comportent un pont électrothermique destiné à fournir de la chaleur (élévation de température) sous l'effet d'un courant électrique à une composition primaire qui, sous l'effet de la chaleur, est amenée à une réaction de décomposition combustive et/ou explosive. Le transfert de la chaleur entre le pont électrothermique et la composition primaire peut s'effectuer, selon les cas, par conduction ou convexion thermique. Le cas de la conduction thermique est bien connu et peut être modélisé selon le modèle dit de Rosenthal.Conventionally, the electropyrotechnic initiators comprise an electrothermal bridge for supplying heat (temperature rise) under the effect of an electric current to a primary composition which, under the effect of heat, is brought into a reaction. combustible and / or explosive decomposition. The transfer of heat between the electrothermal bridge and the primary composition can be effected, depending on the case, by conduction or thermal convection. The case of thermal conduction is well known and can be modeled according to the so-called Rosenthal model.
On connaît ainsi des initiateurs dits «à fil chaud» qui sont des ponts électrothermiques de type filament métallique réalisés en général avec des alliages métalliques mais, parfois, avec un métal pur. D'autres initiateurs comportent des ponts électrothermiques à type de couches (films) ou feuillards pouvant être métalliques purs ou non (alliages), voire semi-conducteurs.So-called "hot wire" initiators are known which are electrothermal bridges of metal filament type generally made with metal alloys but sometimes with a pure metal. Other initiators include electrothermal bridges of the type of layers (films) or strips that can be pure or non-metallic (alloys), or even semiconductors.
On comprend que l'état de l'interface entre le pont électrothermique et la composition primaire peut influencer d'une manière importante les caractéristiques de l'initiateur, notamment en ce qui concerne les seuils de déclenchement (niveau d'énergie électrique entraînant la décomposition de la composition primaire), leur rapidité (vitesse de transfert de la chaleur du pont vers la composition), leur homogénéité (tous les initiateurs d'un lot ont sensiblement les mêmes caractéristiques).It is understood that the state of the interface between the electrothermal bridge and the primary composition can significantly influence the characteristics of the initiator, in particular with regard to the trip thresholds (electrical energy level causing the decomposition of the primary composition), their speed (speed of transfer of heat from the bridge to the composition), their homogeneity (all the initiators of a batch have substantially the same characteristics).
Traditionnellement, on peut distinguer deux grandes familles d'initiateurs en fonction du mode d'obtention de l'interface pyrotechnique entre le pont électrothermique et la composition primaire: les initiateurs de technologie dite «comprimée par voie sèche» et les initiateurs de technologie «trempée ou goutte par voie humide».Traditionally, two major families of initiators can be distinguished according to the manner of obtaining the pyrotechnic interface between the electrothermal bridge and the primary composition: the initiators of "dry compressed" technology and the initiators of "quenched" technology. or wet drop.
La technologie de type trempée ou goutte par voie humide présente certains avantages notamment en matière de sécurité de mise en oeuvre. Elle est maintenant bien connue et elle utilise généralement des compositions primaires à base de tri-nitro-résorcinate de plomb qui sont toutefois appelées à disparaître dans le futur du fait de la présence de plomb. Outre le fait que toutes les compositions primaires disponibles ne peuvent être mises sous une forme qui permette la mise en oeuvre de la technologie par voie humide, cette dernière n'est pas propice à l'obtention de seuils de réaction pyrotechnique optimisés tant en terme de vitesse de réaction (temps de transfert de l'effet thermique du pont électrothermique vers la composition primaire) que de reproductibilité (niveaux des variations normales prévisibles).The type of hardened or wet-drop type technology has certain advantages, particularly in terms of safety of implementation. It is now well known and it generally uses primary compositions based on lead tri-nitro-resorcinate which are, however, expected to disappear in the future because of the presence of lead. In addition to the fact that not all available primary compositions can be put into a form that allows the implementation of wet technology, the latter is not conducive to obtaining pyrotechnic reaction thresholds optimized both in terms of reaction rate (transfer time of the thermal effect of the bridge electrothermal to the primary composition) than reproducibility (levels of predictable normal variations).
Le principal avantage de la technologie comprimé par voie sèche est qu'elle permet une optimisation (minimisation) de la vitesse de transfert thermique entre le pont électrothermique chauffé sous l'effet du signal électrique de mise à feu et la composition primaire. En effet, la compression de la composition primaire permet d'obtenir une meilleure « intimité » (contact) de celle-ci avec le pont électrothermique. Toutefois, cette technique est plus contraignante du point de vue de la sécurité et elle ne peut pas utiliser une composition primaire qui a besoin de l'air pour que la décomposition se fasse de manière satisfaisante.The main advantage of the dry compressed technology is that it allows optimization (minimization) of the heat transfer rate between the electrothermal bridge heated under the effect of the electric firing signal and the primary composition. Indeed, the compression of the primary composition provides a better "intimacy" (contact) of it with the electrothermal bridge. However, this technique is more restrictive from the point of view of safety and it can not use a primary composition that needs air for the decomposition to be done satisfactorily.
La présente invention propose une méthode utilisable aussi bien avec une technique par voie humide ou voie sèche, quel que soit le type de pont électrothermique (fil, couche ou feuillard notamment) et qui permet d'améliorer le contact entre la composition primaire et le pont notamment afin d'améliorer les qualités de déclenchement/mise à feu (augmentation de la rapidité et amélioration de la reproductibilité) de l'initiateur. La méthode proposée peut être qualifiée de finition électrothermique d'interface pyroélectrique et elle consiste dans ses grandes lignes à mettre en oeuvre une composition primaire présentant des qualités thermoplastiques (se ramollissant et devenant plastique ou fluide sous l'effet d'une augmentation de la température) et à entraîner un échauffement du pont thermique de l'initiateur, sans toutefois que le pont thermique ne soit dégradé, de manière à réaliser temporairement ce ramollissement/plasticité/fluidité (ces termes étant ici équivalents) de la composition primaire au moins dans l'environnement proche du pont thermique tout en ne provoquant pas la réaction de décomposition de ladite composition (absence de mise à feu). La durée du maintien de l'échauffement du pont électrothermique est adaptée à l'importance du ramollissement obtenu par ledit échauffement afin que la composition primaire se réarrange autour du pont électrothermique et permette un contact intime et définitif de la composition primaire avec le pont électrothermique. De préférence, l'échauffement et/ou la composition est/sont tel/s que la composition devient fluide afin que la finition soit relativement courte dans le temps, une composition simplement ramollie ou plastifiée prenant plus de temps pour son réarrangement. On comprend qu'en dehors de cette finition, dans des conditions normales d'environnement, la composition est essentiellement solide.The present invention proposes a method that can be used both with a wet or a dry technique, whatever the type of electrothermal bridge (wire, layer or strip in particular) and which makes it possible to improve the contact between the primary composition and the bridge. in particular to improve the triggering / firing (speed increase and reproducibility enhancement) qualities of the initiator. The proposed method can be described electrothermal finish of pyroelectric interface and it consists in outline to implement a primary composition having thermoplastic qualities (softening and becoming plastic or fluid under the effect of an increase in temperature ) and to heat the thermal bridge of the initiator without, however, the thermal bridge is degraded, so as to temporarily achieve the softening / plasticity / fluidity (these terms being equivalent here) of the primary composition at least in the environment close to the thermal bridge while not causing the decomposition reaction of said composition (no ignition). The duration of the maintenance of the heating of the electrothermal bridge is adapted to the importance of the softening obtained by said heating so that the primary composition is rearranged around the electrothermal bridge and allows an intimate and permanent contact of the primary composition with the electrothermal bridge. Preferably, the heating and / or the composition is such that the composition becomes fluid so that the finish is relatively short in time, a composition simply softened or plasticized taking more time for rearrangement. It is understood that outside this finish, under normal environmental conditions, the composition is essentially solid.
L'invention concerne donc un procédé de réalisation d'une interface électro-pyrotechnique entre un pont électrothermique et une composition primaire au sein d'un initiateur électro-pyrotechnique, l'initiateur étant destiné à produire un effet pyrotechnique lorsqu'une énergie électrique supérieure à un seuil d'énergie électrique de déclenchement est envoyée dans le pont électrothermique.The invention therefore relates to a method for producing an electro-pyrotechnic interface between an electrothermal bridge and a primary composition within an electro-pyrotechnic initiator, the initiator being intended to produce a pyrotechnic effect when a higher electrical energy at a threshold of electrical trip energy is sent into the electrothermal bridge.
Selon l'invention, on utilise une composition primaire qui présente des propriétés thermoplastiques, on assemble le pont électrothermique et la composition primaire à propriétés thermoplastiques au sein de l'initiateur et on envoie une énergie électrique de ramollissement dans le pont électrothermique qui provoque un chauffage et un ramollissement de la composition primaire au moins dans sa partie au contact du pont électrothermique, l'énergie électrique de ramollissement étant d'un niveau inférieur au seuil d'énergie électrique de déclenchement.According to the invention, a primary composition which has thermoplastic properties is used, the electrothermal bridge and the thermoplastic-containing primary composition are assembled in the initiator and electrical softening energy is sent into the electrothermal bridge which causes heating. and a softening of the primary composition at least in its part in contact with the electrothermal bridge, the electrical softening energy being of a level below the electric threshold of triggering energy.
Dans divers modes de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, les moyens suivants pouvant être utilisés seuls ou combinés selon toutes les possibilités techniquement envisageables, sont employés:
- l'assemblage du pont électrothermique et de la composition primaire est effectué par voie sèche en comprimant la composition à l'air ou sous atmosphère contrôlée,
- l'assemblage du pont électrothermique et de la composition primaire est effectué par voie humide par trempage ou réalisation de goutte à l'air ou sous atmosphère contrôlée,
- le pont électrothermique est porté à une température telle que la composition primaire passe dans un état de ramollissement (= plasticité = fluidité) tout en étant à une température n'entraînant pas la dégradation dudit pont,
- la composition primaire est dans un état de ramollissement (= plasticité = fluidité) pour une température approximativement supérieure ou égale à 150°,
- la composition primaire à une température de mise à feu approximativement supérieure à 300° et de préférence approximativement comprise entre 300° et 500°C,
- le pont électrothermique est porté à une température comprise entre 150° et 250°, ledit pont étant réalisé pour supporter une telle température sans dégradation,
- les propriétés thermoplastiques de la composition primaire sont obtenues par la mise en oeuvre d'un liant thermoplastique au sein de la composition,
- on utilise un liant à base d'élastomère,
- on utilise un liant à base de polybutadiène,
- on utilise de préférence un liant fluoré,
- on utilise un liant à base d'élastomère fluoré,
- on utilise (par exemple) du VITON® pour le liant,
- en outre, lors de l'envoi de l'énergie électrique de ramollissement dans le pont électrothermique, on contrôle au moins un paramètre électrique dudit pont électrothermique qui est la résistance électrique,
- lors de l'envoi de l'énergie électrique de ramollissement dans le pont électrothermique on estime la température dudit pont électrothermique par mesure de la résistance électrique dudit pont en fonction de l'énergie, au moins une première mesure préalable de résistance étant faite à un niveau d'énergie électrique réduit tel qu'il ne provoque pas d'élévation significative de la température dudit pont,
- l'énergie électrique de ramollissement correspond à un courant continu,
- l'énergie électrique de ramollissement correspond à un courant alternatif,
- l'énergie électrique de ramollissement correspond à un courant alternatif basse fréquence d'environ 50Hz ou 60Hz ou de leurs multiples jusqu'à trois fois,
- l'énergie électrique de ramollissement correspond à un courant alternatif haute fréquence supérieure ou égale à 100KHz,
- l'énergie électrique de ramollissement correspond à une combinaison d'un courant continu et alternatif,
- le chauffage est progressif, (on augmente progressivement l'énergie dans le pont électrothermique)
- pendant le chauffage on vibre l'initiateur,
- lorsque l'assemblage du pont électrothermique et de la composition primaire est effectué par voie sèche, on comprime la composition tout en envoyant l'énergie électrique de ramollissement dans le pont électrothermique pour provoquer le chauffage et le ramollissement.
- the assembly of the electrothermal bridge and the primary composition is carried out dry in compressing the composition in air or in a controlled atmosphere,
- the assembly of the electrothermal bridge and of the primary composition is carried out wet by dipping or producing a drop in the air or in a controlled atmosphere,
- the electrothermal bridge is brought to a temperature such that the primary composition passes into a state of softening (= plasticity = fluidity) while being at a temperature not causing degradation of said bridge,
- the primary composition is in a state of softening (= plasticity = fluidity) for a temperature approximately greater than or equal to 150 °,
- the primary composition at a firing temperature of approximately greater than 300 ° and preferably approximately 300 ° to 500 ° C,
- the electrothermal bridge is brought to a temperature of between 150 ° and 250 °, said bridge being made to support such a temperature without degradation,
- the thermoplastic properties of the primary composition are obtained by the use of a thermoplastic binder within the composition,
- a binder based on elastomer is used,
- a binder based on polybutadiene is used,
- a fluorinated binder is preferably used,
- a binder based on fluoroelastomer is used,
- (for example) VITON® is used for the binder,
- in addition, when sending the electrical softening energy in the electrothermal bridge, at least one electrical parameter of said electrothermal bridge is controlled which is the electrical resistance,
- when sending the electrical softening energy in the electrothermal bridge, the temperature of said electrothermal bridge is estimated by measuring the electrical resistance of said bridge as a function of the energy, at least a first a prior measurement of resistance being made at a reduced electrical energy level such that it does not cause a significant rise in the temperature of said bridge,
- the electrical energy of softening corresponds to a direct current,
- the electrical softening energy corresponds to an alternating current,
- the electrical softening energy corresponds to a low frequency alternating current of about 50 Hz or 60 Hz or their multiples up to three times,
- the electrical energy of softening corresponds to a high-frequency alternating current greater than or equal to 100 KHz,
- the electrical softening energy corresponds to a combination of direct and alternating current,
- the heating is progressive, (we gradually increase the energy in the electrothermal bridge)
- during heating the initiator is vibrated,
- when the assembly of the electrothermal bridge and the primary composition is carried out dry, the composition is compressed while sending the electrical softening energy into the electrothermal bridge to cause heating and softening.
L'invention concerne également un dispositif à type d'initiateur électro-pyrotechnique comportant une interface électro-pyrotechnique entre un pont électrothermique et une composition primaire, l'initiateur étant destiné à produire un effet pyrotechnique lorsqu'une énergie électrique supérieure à un seuil d'énergie électrique de déclenchement est envoyée dans le pont électrothermique.The invention also relates to a device of the electro-pyrotechnic initiator type comprising an electro-pyrotechnic interface between an electrothermal bridge and a primary composition, the initiator being intended to produce a pyrotechnic effect when an electrical energy greater than a threshold of electrical trip energy is sent into the electrothermal bridge.
Selon le dispositif, la composition primaire présente des propriétés thermoplastiques et il est obtenu selon l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques précédentes.According to the device, the primary composition has thermoplastic properties and is obtained according to one or more of the preceding characteristics.
Le seuil d'énergie électrique de déclenchement peut être différent entre un même initiateur avant et après la mise en oeuvre du procédé puisque le contact fonctionnel entre le pont électrothermique et la composition primaire de l'interface est amélioré. On comprend donc que l'énergie électrique de ramollissement qui est envoyée est d'un niveau inférieur au seuil d'énergie électrique de déclenchement le plus bas, c'est-à-dire celui qui est normalement obtenu après la mise en oeuvre du procédé.The trigger electric energy threshold may be different between the same initiator before and after the implementation of the method since the functional contact between the electrothermal bridge and the primary composition of the interface is improved. It is thus understood that the electrical softening energy that is sent is of a level below the threshold of the lowest electric trigger energy, that is to say that which is normally obtained after the implementation of the method .
De préférence, le procédé est mis en oeuvre lors de la fabrication de l'initiateur et on livre des initiateurs qui ont déjà subi le procédé de l'invention. On envisage cependant que le procédé soit mis en oeuvre sur le terrain avant l'utilisation (mise à feu). Dans ce dernier cas on envisage même de mettre la composition primaire dans un état de ramollissement juste avant la mise à feu (que le procédé ait ou non précédemment déjà été mis en oeuvre sur l'initiateur). On comprend que ces possibilités sur le terrain où généralement plusieurs initiateurs sont utilisés, nécessitent des conditions très particulières permettant d'agir précisément sur chacun des initiateurs, la mise en parallèle ou série sur une même ligne de commande de mise à feu rendant cette possibilité plus difficile.Preferably, the process is carried out during the manufacture of the initiator and initiators are provided which have already undergone the process of the invention. It is envisaged, however, that the method is implemented in the field before use (firing). In the latter case it is even envisaged to put the primary composition in a state of softening just before firing (whether or not the process has previously been implemented on the initiator). It is understood that these possibilities in the field where generally several initiators are used, require very specific conditions to act precisely on each of the initiators, the paralleling or series on the same command line firing making this possibility more difficult.
En outre, le procédé permet en une seule opération, en plus de l'amélioration de l'interface, un contrôle de la qualité du pont électrothermique car il est possible de mesurer les caractéristiques électriques, notamment la résistance électrique, du pont électrothermique pendant l'envoi de l'énergie de chauffage pour ramollissement de la composition primaire.In addition, the method allows in a single operation, in addition to improving the interface, a quality control of the electrothermal bridge because it is possible to measure the electrical characteristics, including the electrical resistance, of the electrothermal bridge during operation. sending the heating energy for softening the primary composition.
La présente invention va maintenant être exemplifiée par la description qui suit, sans en être pour autant limitée, et en relation avec :
- la
Figure 1 qui représente en coupe schématique un initiateur venant d'être réalisé avant mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention, - la
Figure 2 qui représente en coupe schématique un initiateur dans lequel une énergie électrique de ramollissement est injectée, - la
Figure 3 qui représente en coupe schématique un initiateur obtenu après mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention.
- the
Figure 1 which represents in schematic section an initiator just made before implementing the method of the invention, - the
Figure 2 which represents in schematic section an initiator in which electrical softening energy is injected, - the
Figure 3 which represents in schematic section an initiator obtained after implementation of the method of the invention.
Dans le cas le plus classique de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, la composition primaire comporte généralement des grains de matériaux sensibles à la chaleur (ceux qui font une réaction) qui sont liés entre-eux par au moins un liant. Les propriétés thermoplastiques de la composition primaire sont alors données par le liant qui présente de telles propriétés. L'invention, par un échauffement contrôlé et maîtrisé du pont et de la composition primaire voisine, permet d'obtenir la mise en contact intime et définitive (le ramollissement disparaît une fois que l'échauffement est supprimé et que la composition baisse en température) des grains avec le pont électrothermique.In the most conventional case of implementation of the invention, the primary composition generally comprises grains of heat sensitive materials (those that make a reaction) which are bonded to each other by at least one binder. The thermoplastic properties of the primary composition are then given by the binder which has such properties. The invention, by a controlled and controlled heating of the bridge and the adjacent primary composition, makes it possible to obtain intimate and final contact (the softening disappears once the heating is removed and the composition drops in temperature) grains with the electrothermal bridge.
En d'autres termes, on applique à un initiateur électro-pyrotechnique dont la composition primaire est à base de liant thermoplastique, un stimuli électrique calibré de sorte à obtenir localement au niveau de l'interface entre le pont électrothermique et la composition primaire, un échauffement suffisant, permettant d'assurer une mise en contact intime et définitive de la composition primaire avec le pont. Du fait de ce meilleur contact, les caractéristiques de mise à feu et leur reproductibilité sont améliorées, l'initiateur a moins de risque de voir ses caractéristiques évoluer suite à des chocs, manipulations, placement dans des environnements délétères (humidité notamment).In other words, an electro-pyrotechnic initiator whose primary composition is based on a thermoplastic binder is subjected to an electrical stimuli calibrated so as to obtain locally at the interface between the electrothermal bridge and the primary composition a sufficient heating, to ensure an intimate and permanent contact of the primary composition with the bridge. Because of this better contact, the firing characteristics and their reproducibility are improved, the initiator is less likely to see its characteristics evolve following shocks, manipulations, placement in deleterious environments (humidity in particular).
Une telle méthode est possible dans le cas de compositions primaires contenant dans leur formulation une proportion de liant thermoplastique mais aussi dans le cas de compositions primaires intrinsèquement thermoplastiques. De nombreuses compositions pyrotechniques utilisées dans des applications de la pyrotechnie comportent des liants thermoplastiques. A titre d'exemple on peut notamment signaler les liants fluorés comme le VITON®. Dans le cas de compositions primaires ne contenant normalement pas de liant thermoplastique, il est généralement relativement aisé de modifier leur formulation de sorte à leur donner des propriétés thermoplastiques, notamment par utilisation d'un liant présentant de telles propriétés.Such a method is possible in the case of primary compositions containing in their formulation a proportion of thermoplastic binder but also in the case of intrinsically thermoplastic primary compositions. Many pyrotechnic compositions used in pyrotechnic applications comprise binders thermoplastics. By way of example, mention may in particular be made of fluorinated binders such as VITON®. In the case of primary compositions normally containing no thermoplastic binder, it is generally relatively easy to modify their formulation so as to give them thermoplastic properties, especially by using a binder having such properties.
Les liants sont préférentiellement mis en oeuvre dans la constitution des compositions pyrotechniques car ils assurent une cohésion entre les grains de la composition et permettent plus particulièrement d'éviter des écarts trop importants de stoechiométrie au sein de ces compositions. En l'absence de maîtrise des fluctuations de stoechiométrie des compositions pyrotechniques, on doit craindre des variations préjudiciables des caractéristiques de sensibilité (seuils de déclenchement) des initiateurs. Les liants ont donc, entre autres, pour fonction de contribuer à la maîtrise de la reproductibilité de la stoechiométrie au sein des compositions, d'autant plus que celles-ci peuvent être fabriquées et manipulées en vrac en quantités relativement importantes et donc mises en oeuvre dans des conditions parfois susceptibles de favoriser la migration et l'agrégation de certains des constituants entre eux.Binders are preferably used in the constitution of pyrotechnic compositions because they ensure a cohesion between the grains of the composition and more particularly allow to avoid excessive stoichiometric variations within these compositions. In the absence of control of the stoichiometric fluctuations of the pyrotechnic compositions, it is to be feared that the initiator's sensitivity characteristics (release thresholds) will be adversely affected. The binders therefore have, among others, the function of contributing to the control of the reproducibility of the stoichiometry within the compositions, especially since these can be manufactured and handled in bulk in relatively large quantities and therefore used under conditions that are sometimes likely to favor the migration and aggregation of some of the constituents between them.
Les liants préférentiellement mis en oeuvre ont généralement une température de ramollissement relativement basse. Des élévations de température à de tels niveaux sont très faciles à atteindre et maîtriser de façon parfaitement reproductibles avec les ponts électrothermiques utilisés pour l'initiation électro-pyrotechnique et, cela, sans qu'ils ne subissent de dégradations. Ces ponts électrothermiques sont en effet utilisés pour la plupart depuis des décennies et on connaît assez précisément leur comportement électrothermique. Pour les ponts de type résistifs, on peut également simuler leur comportement avec le modèle de Rosenthal comme on l'a déjà indiqué. A titre d'exemple on peut provoquer un échauffement de la composition autour du pont électrothermique compris entre 150° et 250°, le seuil de déclenchement (mise à feu étant généralement supérieur à 300°), cela correspondant à un courant de quelques centaines de mA (inférieur au seuil de courant de déclenchement !) pour un temps d'application de plusieurs dizaines à quelques centaines de ms (entre 100 et 200 ms par exemple). De préférence on choisit une intensité élevée et un temps d'application court plutôt qu'une intensité faible et un temps d'application prolongé afin d'obtenir effectivement une température permettant le ramollissement de la composition primaire.The binders preferably used generally have a relatively low softening temperature. Increases in temperature at such levels are very easy to achieve and control in a perfectly reproducible manner with the electrothermal bridges used for the electro-pyrotechnic initiation and this, without them being damaged. These electrothermal bridges have in fact been used for the most part for decades and their electrothermal behavior is fairly well known. For resistive type bridges, one can also simulate their behavior with the Rosenthal model as already indicated. As for example, it is possible to cause a heating of the composition around the electrothermal bridge between 150 ° and 250 °, the tripping threshold (firing being generally greater than 300 °), this corresponding to a current of a few hundred mA ( less than the tripping current threshold!) for an application time of several tens to a few hundred ms (between 100 and 200 ms for example). Preferably a high intensity and a short application time are chosen rather than a low intensity and a prolonged application time in order to effectively obtain a temperature allowing the softening of the primary composition.
Ainsi, on évite d'endommager le pont électrothermique ou la composition primaire lors du processus de stimulation électrothermique de l'interface qui n'a pas besoin de se faire avec un échauffement trop important.Thus, it is avoided to damage the electrothermal bridge or the primary composition during the electrothermal stimulation process of the interface that does not need to be done with too much heating.
Afin d'encore mieux expliciter l'invention on va maintenant détailler les Figures.To further clarify the invention we will now detail the Figures.
Sur la
Sur la
Sur la
Enfin, comme on l'a indiqué pour les ponts électrothermiques dont la valeur de résistance varie avec la température, il est possible de déterminer la température du pont électrothermique en connaissant la courbe de variation de résistance du pont en fonction de la température. Dans les cas où la formule suivante donnant la résistivité p en fonction de la température t s'applique et en connaissant les valeurs des paramètres, on peut également déduire la température par résolution de ρ=ρ0(1+at.) où a est le coefficient de température.Finally, as indicated for electrothermal bridges whose resistance value varies with temperature, it is possible to determine the temperature of the electrothermal bridge by knowing the curve of variation of resistance of the bridge as a function of temperature. In cases where the following formula giving the resistivity p as a function of the temperature t applies and knowing the values of the parameters, one can also deduce the temperature by resolution of ρ = ρ 0 (1 + at.) Where a is the temperature coefficient.
Cette détermination de la température permet une mise en oeuvre sécurisée du procédé en augmentant progressivement l'énergie envoyée dans la boucle électrothermique jusqu'à une température de consigne correspondant au ramollissement souhaité pour la composition primaire.This determination of the temperature allows a secure implementation of the process by progressively increasing the energy sent into the electrothermal loop to a set temperature corresponding to the softening desired for the primary composition.
Claims (10)
- A method of producing an electro-pyrotechnic interface between an electrothermal bridge (2) and a primary composition (3) inside an electro-pyrotechnic initiator (1), the initiator (1) being intended for producing a pyrotechnic effect when an electrical energy greater than a triggering electrical energy threshold is sent in the electrothermal bridge (2), wherein a primary composition (3) is used which exhibits thermoplastic properties, the electrothermal bridge (2) and the primary composition (3) with thermoplastic properties are assembled within the initiator (1) and the primary composition (3) is heated to cause the softening thereof, characterised in that a softening electric energy (4) is sent in the electrothermal bridge (2) which causes the heating and the softening (5) of the primary composition (3) at least in its portion in contact with the electrothermal bridge (2), the softening electrical energy being smaller than the triggering electrical energy threshold.
- A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the assembly of the electrothermal bridge (2) and of the primary composition (3) is performed in dry condition by compressing the composition in the air or under controlled atmosphere.
- A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the assembly of the electrothermal bridge (2) and of the primary composition (3) is performed in wet condition by dipping or drop production in the air or under controlled atmosphere.
- A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the electrothermal bridge (2) is raised to a temperature ranging between 150°C and 250°C, said electrothermal bridge (1) being made to sustain such a temperature without degradation and the primary composition (3) being in a softening state for a temperature approximately greater than or equal to 150°.
- A method according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the thermoplastic properties of the primary composition (3) are obtained by the implementation of a thermoplastic binder within the primary composition.
- A method according to claim 5, characterised in that the binder is based on fluorinated elastomer or not, in particular a polybutadiene-based binder.
- A method according to claim 6, characterised in that VITON® is used for the binder.
- A method according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that moreover, when sending the softening electrical energy in the electrothermal bridge (2), at least one electrical parameter of said electrothermal bridge (2) is controlled which is the electrical resistance.
- A method according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that when sending the softening electrical energy in the electrothermal bridge (2), the temperature of said electrothermal bridge (2) is estimated by measuring the electrical resistance of said electrothermal bridge (1) according to the energy, wherein at least one first prior resistance measurement is made at reduced electrical energy level so that it does not cause any significant increase in temperature of said electrothermal bridge (1).
- A electro-pyrotechnic initiator (1) type device comprising an electro-pyrotechnic interface between an electrothermal bridge (2) and a primary composition (3), the initiator (1) being intended for producing a pyrotechnic effect when an electrical energy greater than a triggering electrical energy threshold is sent in the electrothermal bridge (2), characterised in that the primary composition (3) which exhibits thermoplastic properties and that the initiator (1) is provided according to any of the previous claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0452542A FR2877720B1 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2004-11-05 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN ELECTROPYROTECHNIC INTERFACE BETWEEN AN ELECTROTHERMAL BRIDGE AND A PRIMARY COMPOSITION IN AN INITIATOR, INITIATOR OBTAINED |
| PCT/FR2005/002759 WO2006051199A1 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2005-11-04 | Method of producing an electro-pyrotechnic interface between an electrothermal bridge and a primary composition inside an initiator, and initiator thus obtained |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1809980A1 EP1809980A1 (en) | 2007-07-25 |
| EP1809980B1 true EP1809980B1 (en) | 2008-05-21 |
Family
ID=34954711
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05814875A Active EP1809980B1 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2005-11-04 | Method of producing an electro-pyrotechnic interface between an electrothermal bridge and a primary composition inside an initiator, and initiator thus obtained |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1809980B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE396376T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE602005007054D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2877720B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006051199A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5648634A (en) * | 1993-10-20 | 1997-07-15 | Quantic Industries, Inc. | Electrical initiator |
| US6305286B1 (en) * | 1997-03-12 | 2001-10-23 | Trw Inc. | Preparation of an igniter with an ultraviolet cured ignition droplet |
| FR2781878B1 (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2001-02-16 | Giat Ind Sa | PROCESS FOR IMPLEMENTING A PYROTECHNIC SUBSTANCE AND PYROTECHNIC INITIATOR OBTAINED WITH SUCH A METHOD |
| US6272992B1 (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2001-08-14 | Trw Inc. | Power spot ignition droplet |
| FR2833693B1 (en) * | 2001-12-14 | 2004-03-12 | Livbag Snc | PROCESS FOR MAKING AN ELECTRO-PYROTECHNICAL INITIATOR BY USE OF A WATER-BASED GLUE |
-
2004
- 2004-11-05 FR FR0452542A patent/FR2877720B1/en active Active
-
2005
- 2005-11-04 DE DE602005007054T patent/DE602005007054D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-04 AT AT05814875T patent/ATE396376T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-11-04 WO PCT/FR2005/002759 patent/WO2006051199A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2005-11-04 EP EP05814875A patent/EP1809980B1/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE602005007054D1 (en) | 2008-07-03 |
| ATE396376T1 (en) | 2008-06-15 |
| FR2877720A1 (en) | 2006-05-12 |
| EP1809980A1 (en) | 2007-07-25 |
| FR2877720B1 (en) | 2009-11-06 |
| WO2006051199A1 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
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