EP1807044A1

EP1807044A1 - Mixtures of quaternary and non-ionic surfactants

Info

Publication number: EP1807044A1
Application number: EP05800392A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Ansgar Behler; Frank Clasen
Original assignee: Cognis IP Management GmbH
Current assignee: Cognis IP Management GmbH
Priority date: 2004-11-05
Filing date: 2005-10-27
Publication date: 2007-07-18
Also published as: DE102004054035A1; US20080119414A1; CN101052374A; WO2006048165A1; JP2008518989A

Abstract

The invention relates to preparations containing (a) alkyl- and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides of formula (I), R1O-[G]p, in which R1 represents a linear or branched alkyl- and/or alkenyl group comprising between 4 and 22 carbon atoms, G represents a sugar group comprising 5 or 6 carbon atoms and p represents a number from 1 to 10 and (b) cationic alkyl- and/or alkenyl oligoglycoside derivatives of formula (II), R2-O-[G]x-Zy, in which R2 represents a linear or branched alkyl- and/or alkenyl group comprising between 4 and 22 carbon atoms, G represents a sugar group comprising 5 or 6 carbon atoms, x represents a number from 1 to 10, y represents a number from 1 to 4 and Z represents an -OCH2-(CH(B))v-(CH(A))W-N+(R3R4R5)X group, in which A and B independently of one another represent hydrogen or a hydroxyl group, v and w independently of one another represent a number from 1 to 18, X is an anion, which is selected from the group containing chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, NO3 -

Description

Mixtures of quaternary and nonionic surfactants

Field of the invention

The invention is in the field of cationically substituted glycoside surfactants, as well as a process for the preparation thereof and their use in the field of cosmetics and detergents.

State of the art

Due to their great mildness, tensides based on natural raw materials, in particular based on saccharides, enjoy great popularity. Therefore, it is of great interest to find derivatives of this class of compounds which, in addition to new properties, are still mild. Thus, cationic derivatives of alkylpolyglycosides are the subject of WO 90/15809. According to WO 90/15809, these quaternary surfactants are prepared by alkylation of quaternized saccharides, since the quaternization of alkyl polyglycosides does not work.

The disadvantage of this process lies in the starting products for the preparation of the cationic derivatives of alkylpolyglycosides. Alkyl polyglycosides are a common and commonly used class of surfactants, which could therefore be readily used as the starting material for derivatization. Unreacted educt could then remain in the product and contribute to its surfactant properties.

Therefore, the object of the present invention in the simple preparation of cationic Alkylpolyglycosidderivaten, in which no harmful by-products anfal¬ len, which would have to be removed. Furthermore, a surfactant mixture based on very skin-friendly sugar surfactants should be found which has improved foaming and emulsifying properties. Description of the invention

The present application relates to preparations containing

(a) alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides of the formula (I) in which R ^{1 is} a linear or branched alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a sugar radical having 5 or 6 carbon atoms and p is a number from 1 to 10, and

(b) cationic alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycoside derivatives of the formula (II)

R ^{2 is} -O- [G] _X -Z _y (II) in which R ^{2 is} a linear or branched alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a sugar radical having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, x is Zah L is from 1 to 10 and y is a number from 1 to 4 and Z is an -OCH ₂ - (CH (B)) _V - (CH (A)) _W -N ⁺ (R ³ R ⁴ R ⁵ ) X is a group in which A and B independently of one another represent hydrogen or a hydroxyl group, v and w independently of one another are numbers from 1 to 18, X is an anion which is selected from the group which formed is chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, NO ₃ ^" , SO ₄ ^{2 '} and PO ₄ ^3" , and R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ independently of one another are hydrogen or alkyl and / or alkenyl groups having 1 to 22 Carbon atoms and at least two of these radicals R ³ to R ^{5 are} alkyl and / or alkenyl radicals.

This preparation is characterized by a high mildness to skin and hair, while they have excellent foam properties and cleaning effect.

The two components (a) and (b) are preferably present in a weight ratio of 10:90 to 90:10, more preferably in a weight ratio of 40:60 to 60:40.

In a preferred embodiment, component (b) used are compounds of the formula (II) in which B is hydrogen, A is a hydroxyl group, w and v are 1, R ³ and R ^{4 are} each methyl, R ^{5 is} a methyl group or lauryl and X ^"represent chloride. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the formula as component (b) compounds used in (II), xygruppe wherein B is hydrogen, a is a Hydro¬, w and v is 1, R ^3, R ⁴ and R ^{5 are} a methyl radical and X ^"is chloride.

The preparations according to the invention are prepared in a so-called one-pot process. Unreacted alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides remain in the final product. Therefore, another object of the present invention is a method for Preparation of cationic alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycoside derivatives of the formula

(H),

R ^{2 is} -O- [G] _X -Z _y (II) in which R ^{2 is} a linear or branched alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a sugar radical having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, x is a number from 1 to 10 and y represents numbers from 1 to 4 and wherein Z is an -OCH ₂ - (CH (B)) _V - (CH (A)) _W -N ⁺ (R ³ R ⁴ R ⁵ ) X ^" Group in which A and B independently of one another represent hydrogen or a hydroxyl group, v and w independently of one another represent numbers from 1 to 18, X ^"is an anion which is selected from the group which forms is chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, NO ₃ ^" , SO ₄ ^2" and PO ₄ ^{3 "} , and R ³ , R ⁴ and R ^{5 are} independently hydrogen or alkyl and / or alkenyl groups having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and at least two of these radicals R ³ to R ^{5 are} alkyl and / or alkenyl radicals, characterized in that alkyl and / or Alkenyloligoglyco- side in the presence of strong bases with Quaternierungsagenzien the Fo shell (III),

C1-CH ₂ - (CH (B)) _V - (CH (A)) _W is -N ⁺ (R ³ R ⁴ R ⁵⁾ X ^'(III)

in which A, B, v, w, R3, R4 and R5 have the same meaning as in formula (II).

The starting materials used are preferably alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides of the formula (I),

R'-O- [G] _P (I) in the R ^{1 is} a linear or branched alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a sugar radical having 5 or 6 carbon atoms and p is a number from 1 to 10 stands. Preferred quaternizing agent according to formula (III) are compounds in which B is hydrogen, A is a hydroxy group, w and v are 1, R ³ , R ⁴ and R ^{5 is} a methyl radical and X ^"is chloride.

Alkyl and alkenyl oligoglycosides are known nonionic surfactants which follow the formula (I),

R ¹ O- [GJ _p (I)

in which R ^{1 is} an alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a sugar radical having 5 or 6 carbon atoms and p is a number from 1 to 10. she can be obtained by the relevant methods of preparative organic chemistry.

The alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides can be derived from aldoses or ketoses having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably glucose. The preferred alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides are thus alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglucosides. The index number p in the general formula (I) indicates the degree of oligomerization (DP), ie the distribution of mono- and oligoglycosides, and stands for a number between 1 and 10. While p in a given compound must always be an integer, and here especially If the values p = 1 to 6 can be assumed, the value p for a given alkyloligoglycoside is an analytically determined arithmetic quantity which usually represents a fractional number. Preference is given to using alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides having an average degree of oligomerization p of from 1.1 to 3.0. From an application point of view, those alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides whose degree of oligomerization is less than 1.7 and in particular between 1.2 and 1.5 are preferred. The alkyl or alkenyl radical R ¹ can be derived from primary alcohols having 4 to 11, preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms. Typical examples are butanol, caproic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, capric alcohol and undecyl alcohol, and technical mixtures thereof, as are obtained, for example, in the hydrogenation of technical fatty acid methyl esters or in the hydrogenation of aldehydes from Roelen's oxosynthesis. Preferred are alkyloligo-glucosides of the chain length Cg-Cio (DP = 1 to 3), which are obtained as a feedstock in the distillative separation of technical Cs-Qs coconut fatty alcohol and with a content of less than 6 wt .-% Ci ₂ - Alcohol can be contaminated and alkyl oligoglucosides based on technical C _{9 /} n-oxo alcohols (DP = 1 to 3). The alkyl or alkenyl radical R ¹ can also be derived from primary alcohols having 12 to 22, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms. Typical examples are lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, olefin alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, brassidyl alcohol and technical mixtures thereof which can be obtained as described above. Alkyl oligoglucosides based on hydrogenated C _{2 /} i ₄ coconut alcohol with a DP of 1 to 3 are preferred.

Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the process is characterized in that the alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides and the quaternizing reagents of the formula (III) are used in a molar ratio of 1: 0.5 to 1: 4, particularly preferably 1 : 1 to 1: 1.5. Particularly good yields are obtained when the reaction is carried out at temperatures of 20 to 100 ⁰ C and most preferably at temperatures of 40 to 80 ° C is durchge.

The surfactant formulations obtained by this process, which comprise a mixture of alkyl- and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides of the formula (I) in combination with cationic alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycoside derivatives of the formula (II), may be used in combination with other conventional ingredients , such as other surfactants, emulsifiers, oil bodies, active ingredients, silicones, fats and waxes, etc. in cosmetic preparations such as shampoos and shower-baths or in cleaning preparations. However, the preparations according to the invention can also be applied to cleaning wipes directly or after processing to cosmetic preparations by adding further customary ingredients. Depending on the water content of the impregnated cleaning wipes, we speak of dry or wet wipes. These wipes can then be used either directly or after moistening to cleanse or condition skin and hair.

Examples

1st APG-OAV (OUAB 188)

In a 1000 ml three-necked flask, 328.1 g (0.4 mol) of Plantacare 1200 were admixed with 21.2 g of NaOH microprills (0.53 mol) and 238 g of isopropanol and with 108.4 g (0.4 mol) of QUAB 188 at 60 ° C with stirring. The reaction was completed after the theoretical amount of chloride (4.16% Cl ^" ) was reached after 1 h The product was a yellow, homogeneous liquid.

Dry residue: 38.7% by weight of which Plantacare 1200: 13.5% by weight QUAB 188 <0.1% by weight

2. APG-OAV (QUAB 342)

In a 500 ml three-necked flask were added 164.4 g (0.2 mol) Plantacare 1200 with 11.7 g NaOH microprills (0.29 mol) and with 222.3 g (0.26 mol) QUAB 342 at 80 ° C reacted with stirring. The reaction was completed after the theoretical amount of chloride (4.85% Cl ^" ) had been reached after 1 h The product was yellow, inhomogeneous and viscous.

Dry residue: 49.1% by weight of which Plantacare 1200: 6.8% by weight

QUAB 342 <0, l wt%

3. APG-OAV (OUAB 360)

In a 500 ml three-necked flask, 164.4 g (0.2 mol) Plantacare 1200 with 10.6 g NaOH microprills (0.265 mol) and 180.5 g (0.2 mol) QUAB 360 at 80 ° C with stirring reacted. The reaction was completed after the theoretical amount of chloride (4.05% Cl ^" ) had been reached after 1 h After dilution with 113.1 g of water, there was a yellow, inhomogeneous viscous product.

Dry residue: 35.5% by weight of which Plantacare 1200: 6.8% by weight 4. APG-OAV (QUAB 426)

In a 500 ml three-necked flask, 164.4 g (0.2 mol) Plantacare 1200 with 10.6 g NaOH microprills (0.265 mol) and with 217.3 g (0.2 mol) QUAB 426 at 80 ° C with stirring reacted. The reaction was completed after the theoretical amount of chloride (4.05% Cl ^" ) had been reached after 1 h After dilution with 114.9 g of water, there was a yellow, inhomogeneous viscous product.

Dry residue: 46.2% by weight of which Plantacare 1200: 6.7% by weight

Claims

claims

1. containing preparation

(b) cationic alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycoside derivatives of the formula (II) in which R ^{2 is} a linear or branched alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a sugar radical having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, x is a number from 1 to 10 and y is a number from 1 to 4 and Z is Z. is an -OCH ₂ - (CH (B)) _V - (CH (A)) _W -N ⁺ (R ³ R ⁴ R ⁵ ) X - group in which A and B are independently of one another hydrogen or a Are independently hydroxyl, v and w independently of one another are from 1 to 18, X is an anion which is selected from the group formed by chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, NO ₃ ^' , SO ₄ ^{2 "} and PO ₄ ^{3 "} , and R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ independently of one another are hydrogen or alkyl and / or alkenyl groups having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and at least two of these radicals R ³ to R ^{5 are} alkyl and / or alkenyl radicals.

2. Preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the components (a) and (b) are present in a weight ratio of 10:90 to 90:10.

3. A preparation according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that component (b) of the formula (II) B is hydrogen, A is a hydroxy group, w and v is 1, R ³ and R ^{4 are} each methyl , R ^{5 is} a methyl or lauryl radical and X ^"is chloride.

4. A preparation according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in component (b) of the formula (II) B is hydrogen, A is a hydroxy group, w and v are 1, R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ for a methyl radical and X ^" stand for chloride.

5. Process for the preparation of cationic alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycoside derivatives of the formula (II)

R ^{2 is} -O- [G] _X -Z _y (II), in which R ^{2 is} a linear or branched alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a sugar radical having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, x is from 1 to 10 and y is from 1 to 4, and wherein Z is an -OCH ₂ - (CH (B)) _V - (CH (A)) _W -N ⁺ (R ³ R ⁴ R ⁵ ) X ^" - group in which A and B independently of one another for Are hydrogen or a hydroxyl group, v and w independently of one another are numbers from 1 to 18, X ^"is an anion which is selected from the group formed by chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, NO ₃ ^" , SO ₄ ^{2 "} and PO ₄ ^3" , and R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ independently of one another represent hydrogen or alkyl and / or alkenyl groups having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and at least two of these radicals R ³ to R ⁵ and / or alkenyl radicals, characterized in that alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides are reacted in the presence of strong bases with quaternizing agents of the formula (III),

C1-CH ₂ - (CH (B)) _V - (CH (A)) _W is -N ⁺ (R ³ R ⁴ R ⁵⁾ X ^'(III)

in which A, B, v, w, R3, R4 and R5 have the same meaning as in formula (II).

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that one uses the alkyl and / or Alkenyloligoglycosideund the Quaternierungsreagenzien of formula (III) in a molar ratio of 1: 0.5 to 1: 4.

Process according to at least one of Claims 5 to 6, characterized in that the alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides and the quaternizing reagents of the formula (III) are employed in a molar ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 1, 5.

8. The method according to at least one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that one carries out the reaction at temperatures of 40 to 80 ° C.

9. The method according to at least one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that in the formula (III) B is hydrogen, A is a hydroxy group, w and v is 1, R ³ , R ⁴ and R ^{5 is} a methyl radical and X ^" stand for chloride.

10. Use of preparations according to at least one of claims 1 to 4 in cosmetic or cleaning preparations.

11. Use of preparations according to at least one of claims 1 to 4 for

Production of cleaning cloths.