EP1802822A1

EP1802822A1 - Plane load-bearing structure

Info

Publication number: EP1802822A1
Application number: EP05753701A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Wolfgang Kemmer; Sören STEPHAN; Wolfgang Stühler
Original assignee: Mero-Tsk International & Co KG GmbH
Current assignee: Mero-Tsk International & Co KG GmbH
Priority date: 2004-05-11
Filing date: 2005-05-04
Publication date: 2007-07-04
Also published as: WO2005111330A1; DE102004023727A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a single-shell plane load-bearing structure with bars (1) and at least one joint (3, 4). The bars (1) are provided in the form of bending girders. The plane load-bearing structure is characterized in that the joint is formed by a joint pair of elements (3, 4). The joint elements (3, 4) of a joint pair of elements (3, 4) are interspaced along a straight line running essentially perpendicular to the plane of the plane load-bearing structure. The invention provides a plane load-bearing structure that, event in the instance of large profile heights, can be manufactured and assembled in a cost-effective and weight-saving manner. Plane load-bearing structures with different radii of curvature or freely formed plane load-bearing structures can be erected in a time-saving and modular manner while also minimizing the variety of structural elements used. The inventive concept of providing the load-bearing structure in the form of joint element pairs results in a savings in material costs, and the lighter weight joint elements can be handled more easily and assembled more quickly.

Description

Flat structure

The invention relates to a tensile structure with bars and nodes according to the preamble of claim 1.

Floor structures or space trusses are used in particular, but by no means exclusively, in construction in a wide variety of designs and forms. Often, wide, but light, structures for roofs, facades, halls, domes and the like are created in this way.

Generic structures, in particular single-layered structures made of bars and nodes, are known for example from the document DE 42 24 663 C2. Single-skin slab structures, such as a single-shell dome or the like, have a relatively small expansion perpendicular to the plane of the structure compared to space trusses. In addition, in the case of single-layer surface structures, there is no complete dissolution of the structure in the form of a spatial lattice, the rods of which are ideally only subjected to tension and / or pressure.

Rather, the lattice-like dissolution of the supporting structure takes place essentially only within the single-shell plan structure The level of the structure, which is why the bars and nodes of the single-shell tensile structure, in contrast to the spatial frameworks constructed as a spatial lattice, are also loaded by bending moments, the bending axes of which lie essentially in the plane of the tensile structure.

For this reason, the connection between bars and nodes of a single-shell tensile structure can often no longer be approximately punctiform as in certain spatial frameworks, but rather must be linear or planar, with the main axis of the planar or essentially linear connection between bar and nodes are arranged perpendicular to the plane of the tensile structure in order to be able to transmit the bending moments mentioned between the bars and the nodes. The design of the bars and nodes themselves must also be adapted to the necessary absorption and transmission of the bending moments in such a way that the bars and nodes receive enlarged dimensions, especially perpendicular to the plane of the tensile structure, in other words have an increased profile height.

However, especially the highly stressed and therefore largely massive knots with increasing profile height become heavy and therefore expensive and unwieldy. In addition, different node elements are then necessary for different profile heights. In particular in the case of single-curved or double, for example spherical, curved surface structures, however, there is also the fact that with decreasing radii of curvature of the surface structure difficulties with the increasingly angled connection between rod and

Knots are created which, on the basis of geometric relationships alone, are all the more serious the greater the profile height of the bars and / or nodes of the tensile structure.

This means, for example, that standardized node elements can no longer be used to implement small radii of curvature of single-skin tensile structures, but instead if complex, for example V-shaped, angular or truncated pyramid-shaped products have to be used.

With this background, it is an object of the present invention to provide a slab structure with which the disadvantages of the prior art can be overcome. The slab structure should be lightweight even with relatively large profile heights, but in particular the nodes should have the lowest possible mass and also be usable with a wide variety of profile heights and various curvatures of the surface structure.

This object is achieved by a flat structure with the features of claim 1.

Preferred embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

The surface structure according to the present invention has rods and at least one node in a manner known per se. The rods are designed as bending beams so that, as described, they can absorb the bending moments that occur in a single-layered load-bearing structure or can introduce them into the nodes.

According to the invention, however, the at least one node of the surface structure is formed by a pair of node elements. The node elements of a pair of node elements are arranged at a distance from one another along an imaginary straight line in the surface structure. The straight line runs essentially perpendicular to the plane of the surface structure.

In this regard, it should be noted that a "node element pair" according to the present invention in most cases comprises exactly two node elements, although the invention is not intended to be limited to node element pairs comprising exactly two node elements. Rather, it is quite conceivable to provide embodiments of the invention with more than two node elements arranged along a straight line per node. However, only the term "node element mentpaar "in the sense of clarity and comprehensibility of the wording used below for the arrangement of the node elements of a node.

The inventive resolution of the knot into a pair of knot elements brings with it a number of significant advantages. First of all, the replacement of a single, largely massively manufactured node element by the inventive pair of spaced-apart node elements is associated with a considerable reduction in mass, which increases the greater the profile height of the tensile structure and thus the node-axial extension of the connection nodes. This saves material costs, on the one hand, and the lighter node elements, on the other hand, are easier to handle and assemble, which saves further effort and additional costs when creating the tensile structure.

In addition, structural nodes designed as pairs of node elements can be used much more universally than the known one-piece node elements. The node element pairs can be used unchanged, for example, in surface structures with a wide variety of profile heights, since only the distance between the node elements of the node element pair has to be changed to adapt to the profile height used in each case.

A further advantage of the dissolution of the known one-piece node elements in pairs of node elements is, as is also provided according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, that essentially arbitrarily strong or double-curved surface structures can be represented in this way. The invention provides a number of different possibilities for realizing such curvatures of the surface structure, which will be discussed further below. For example, the rods can be connected in a strongly curved area of the tensile structure, for example by making the node elements of a pair of node elements different, in particular different sizes. Already in this way, with a small number of differently sized node elements, the most varied of curvatures can be realized in a slab structure.

The invention is initially implemented regardless of the type, design and shape of the node elements. According to preferred embodiments of the invention, however, the node elements are essentially circular or cup-shaped. A circular or cup-shaped shape of the knot elements has the particular advantage that such knot elements are easy to manufacture on the one hand, but on the other hand have great rigidity. In addition, the then essentially circular or cylindrical outer circumference of the node elements allows a simple connection of bars from any direction within the plane of the surface structure.

In this case, according to a further embodiment of the invention, the rods are connected to the node elements on the basis of fitting surfaces, which are preferably arranged essentially tangentially on the circumference of the node elements. It is initially irrelevant how the mating surfaces are created. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the mating surfaces are produced by machining basic node elements.

The connection of the bars to the node elements via mating surfaces, which are arranged on the node elements, has the advantage in particular of a precise, defined connection between bars and nodes, whereby considerable forces and also bending moments can be transmitted via the mating surface between bar and node , The tangential arrangement of the mating surfaces on the node element has the further advantage that the connection between bars and nodes can be made practically at any angle between the bars based on the arrangement and relative angle position of the mating surfaces. If the fitting surfaces are created by machining basic node elements, it becomes possible to use the same type of basic node elements to represent practically any number of node elements and thus an even greater number of pairs of node elements. The basic knot element can then be present, for example, in the form of a circular cup-like component, the knot elements made therefrom being given a number of correspondingly tangentially arranged or angled fitting surfaces, depending on the required connection angles of the structural bars.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the rod or bending beam of the surface structure comprises an upper chord, a lower chord and a web arrangement. This can, for example, but by no means exclusively, be a double-T profile or I-profile beam with an upper flange, lower flange and web. However, other carrier shapes are equally conceivable and can be used in the context of the invention, such as box girders or T-profile girders with additional lower belts, only in the carrier end regions.

Carriers designed in this way have the particular advantage that the upper chords and the lower chords of different carriers can be connected to one another via their own node element, the distance between the two node elements of the pair of node elements formed in this way corresponding approximately to the height of the web arrangement of the carrier. Different angular positions between different beams within the plane of the tensile structure and / or different local curvature diameters of the tensile structure can then be realized very simply in that, for example, when generating the mating surfaces on the two node elements, only the milling depth and milling angle corresponding to the desired angular position of the bars and / or can be selected according to the desired local curvature of the surface structure. In this context, it is therefore also provided according to a preferred embodiment that at least part of a local curvature of the surface structure is brought about by a pair of node elements, the node elements of which have differently arranged mating surfaces, the node elements of the pair of node elements preferably being based on the same basic node element. This has the advantage that any number of different local curvature diameters as well as any number of different relative angles between adjacent bars can be realized on the basis of only one type of basic node elements.

In the case of particularly small local radii of curvature, the node elements of the local node element pair, as is provided according to a further embodiment of the invention, can, however, also be based on node basic elements of different sizes, in particular of different diameters. In this way, the knot mass can be kept low even in the area of strong curvatures and the machining required to produce the mating surfaces can be reduced.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that at least part of a local curvature of the surface structure is brought about by a rod whose straps are of different lengths. In other words, this means that, for example, a double-T beam can be used, the upper flange of which at each end has, for example, a certain length projection over the lower flange at the same end.

If this rod or beam with straps of different lengths is connected to the knot elements of a pair of knot elements, the length projection of the one strap already leads to the longitudinal axis of this rod or beam forming an angle with the axis of the knot element pair that is different from 90 ° , This effect can be used alone or in addition to the different processing of the mating surfaces Node elements of a pair of node elements are used to realize the desired local curvature of the surface structure.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, exactly one pair of mating surfaces of a very specific pair of node elements is assigned to one end of a rod. The position and / or angle of the mating surfaces assigned to the rod end are defined as a function of the lengths and / or angles of the end surfaces of the straps of the rod.

In other words, this means in particular that the rod can first be manufactured and cut to length according to the structural specifications of the surface structure. Only then is the pair of node elements assigned to this rod manufactured precisely on the basis of the actual dimensions of the rod previously produced. In this way, it is also possible to manufacture the rod, for example, with the approval of relatively large tolerances, since these tolerances can then be completely compensated for again by the node elements which are often to be machined individually in the form of precision components. This comes into play, for example, when the structural members, for example in the form of double T-profile or I-profile beams, are cut to length by methods with inevitably relatively large dimensional tolerances, such as flame cutting.

The invention is implemented regardless of how rods and nodes are connected to each other to form a flat structure. According to preferred embodiments, however, the rod ends are screwed or welded to the node elements. The screw connection can take place, for example, in the form of hexagon socket or internal serrated screws, the screw heads on the one hand being easily accessible inside the circular or cup-shaped node element and on the other hand being protected and visually concealed. Particularly in the case of rods and nodes welded together, it is advantageous, as is also provided according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, if the connection between a rod and the mating surface of a node element comprises at least one dowel pin, which the rod end and the associated mating surface of the Penetrates node element. The dowel pins are preferably provided with a threaded area and can be screwed into the rod end, for example into a blind hole with thread arranged there, while the node elements have corresponding dowel holes which can accommodate the dowel pins largely without play.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the dowel pins are made of weldable material, the material of the dowel pins being weldable using the same welding method as the rod and the node element. This leads to advantages in terms of exact and at the same time easy assembly of the tensile structure. For example, areas of the tensile structure can first be pre-assembled by screwing the dowel pins into the blind holes at the ends of the rod belts and then temporarily connecting the rods to the node elements by inserting the protruding ends of the dowel pins into the dowel holes in the area of the mating surfaces of the node elements ,

After a provisional assembly of an area of the tensile structure in this way, the ends of the bar belts can then be welded to the mating surfaces of the node elements. For the purpose of forming the desired weld depth and shape, the edges of the straps of the structural rod or bending beam can also be given corresponding chamfers beforehand. The chamfers and dowel pins can even partially penetrate each other geometrically without the subsequent welding process being affected. Because the dowel pins made of weldable material, which are welded using the same welding process as the rod and node element can simply be seamlessly merged into the weld seam or welded in when the weld seam is created.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the node elements have a central bore. This central bore, which is preferably provided with an internal thread, can be used for a wide variety of purposes. For example, the node elements of a pair of node elements can be connected to one another or kept at a distance by means of corresponding spacers on the basis of their central bores. The central bores of the node elements can also be used to fasten installation components, support struts, lighting elements and the like.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, an additional fastening device for tensioning elements is arranged in the space between the spaced-apart node elements of a pair of node elements. Diagonal ropes or tensioning wires are particularly suitable as tensioning elements, which serve to stiffen the tensile structure, above all against shear stresses, which occur, for example in the case of wind load, essentially within the plane of the tensile structure. The fastening device can preferably be connected to the pair of node elements via the central bores of the node elements.

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings which merely show exemplary embodiments. Show:

Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a node area of an embodiment for a slab structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 1 of the node area of a further embodiment of a tensile structure according to the invention; 3 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a node area of a tensile structure according to the invention with a symmetrical, upwardly curved or angled rod connection;

4 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 3 of the node area of a tensile structure according to the invention with an asymmetrical upward angled rod connection;

5 shows a representation corresponding to FIGS. 3 and 4 of the node area of a surface structure according to the invention with asymmetrical downward angled rod connection;

6 shows a schematic representation of a node area of an embodiment of the tensile structure according to the present invention in a top view;

7 shows a schematic, partially sectioned illustration of a pair of knot elements with a dowel pin and a beam strap that has just been welded on;

FIG. 8 in a representation corresponding to FIG. 7, a pair of node elements with a welded-on beam belt and a welded-through dowel pin;

9 in a representation corresponding to FIGS. 7 and 8, a pair of node elements with a welded-on, stronger bar belt;

10 shows, in a representation corresponding to FIGS. 7 to 9, a pair of knot elements with dowel pin and angled welded beam; 11 is a representation corresponding to FIGS. 7 to 10 of a pair of nodal elements with an angularly welded beam and a welded dowel pin;

Fig. 12 in a representation corresponding to Fig. 7 to 1 1 a pair of node elements with an angularly welded, stronger beam;

13 shows a schematic sectional illustration of cross-sectional shapes of beam straps of different thicknesses with welding bevels; and FIG. 14 shows a schematic illustration of a node element with a welded-on beam in a top view.

1 shows a node area of an embodiment of a tensile structure according to the invention. A number of bars 1, 2 or bending beams 1, which converge in the area of the knot, can first be seen. Furthermore, it can be seen that the node is formed according to the invention by a pair of node elements 3, 4 comprising two node elements 3, 4. In the embodiment shown, the two node elements 3, 4 are in the form of essentially identical, cup-shaped solid parts 3, 4.

The bars or bending beams 1 are designed as double T-profile or I-

Profile beams with each upper chord O, lower chord U and web S and can therefore absorb and transmit significant bending moments. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the upper chords O of the carrier 1 are screwed to the upper node element 3 and the lower chords U of the carrier 1 are screwed to the lower node element 4. To create a defined system between the end face of the respective carrier belt O, U and the outer circumference of the associated node element 3, 4, mating surfaces 5 are arranged on the node elements 3, 4, which in turn are penetrated by the screw 6 between the node element 3, 4 and the carrier belt O, U.

Already from FIG. 1 it can be seen how, thanks to the invention, an essentially arbitrary local single or double or spherical curvature of a surface structure can be generated. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, it can be seen that there is a slight dome-like curvature in the area of the structural node shown. In the embodiment shown here, this curvature is brought about in particular by the fact that the mating surfaces 5 arranged on the two node elements 3, 4 do not run exactly vertically, but rather are inclined slightly downwards at an angle corresponding to the local curvature. In addition, as can be seen in FIG. 1, the ends of the bending beams 1 or beams 1 are machined in such a way that the respective upper beam belt O has a slight overhang in length compared to the respective lower beam belt U. Taken together, these two measures result in the desired and structurally provided local curvature of the surface structure being established when the beams 1 shown are joined and screwed together with the illustrated node elements 3, 4.

1 also shows that, in addition to the structural bars 1 present as double T-profile or I-profile beams, other bars 2 with a lower profile height can also be arranged on the node elements 3, 4. For example, the bar 2, which is in the form of a square square profile, is only connected to the upper node element 3 in the drawing, which is why in the region of the connection of the square bar 2, only this upper node element 3 has a corresponding flattening or fitting surface 5.

2 shows a node area of a further embodiment of a tensile structure according to the present invention. In addition to the elements already known from FIG. 1, such as the one consisting of two node elements 3, 4 existing node element pair 3, 4 and the adjoining structural rods 1 or bending beam 1, the node region shown in FIG. 2 also has four tension wires 7 running parallel and diagonally to the main directions of the structural rods 1. These tensioning wires 7 serve to stiffen and stabilize the tensile structure against shear stresses within the main plane of the tensile structure.

The node 3, 4 of the surface structure additionally has a fastening device 8 for receiving the tensioning wires 7 and for transmitting forces between the tensioning wires 7 and the pair of node elements 3, 4. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the fastening device 8 for coupling between the tensioning wires 7 and the pair of node elements 3, 4 essentially consists of a number of ring-like or disk-like clamping elements which have prismatic cutouts for the clamping reception of the tensioning wires 7 and in the form of a disk stack 8 between the two Node elements 3, 4 of the structural node shown are arranged.

It can be seen that with such a structure of the node area, all structural elements of the structural node are optimally arranged both compactly and optically inconspicuous and symmetrical in terms of strength and also allow easy access to assembly and maintenance.

3 to 5 a series of longitudinal sections is shown in each case through different node areas of a tensile structure according to the present invention. One can recognize the respective knot element pair 3, 4 consisting of the upper 3 and lower knot element 4, as well as two supporting structure bars 1 each shown broken out, which in the form of double-T-profile or I-profile beams with top chords O, webs S and Lower chords U are present. 3 to 5 also show the design of the screw connection 6 between the node elements 3, 4 and the upper chords O and lower chords U of the carrier 1. The blind hole threads 9, which are arranged in the upper chord O and lower chord U of the carrier 1 and into which the hexagon socket screws 6 are screwed in from the interior of the node elements 3, 4 can be seen.

The node areas according to FIGS. 3 to 5 differ from one another in particular by different local structural curvatures. The node areas according to FIGS. 3 and 4 have an upward curvature in relation to the drawing, while the node area according to FIG. 5 has a downward curve in relation to the drawing shows pointing curvature. As can be seen from the illustration according to FIGS. 3 to 5, however, all six node elements 3, 4 installed in the three different node areas have an identical basic shape and essentially differ only in the arrangement or angle of those adjoining the carrier 1 Mating surfaces 5.

It can be clearly seen that the different curvatures of the node areas according to FIGS. 3 to 5 result from the interaction of the differently angled fitting surfaces 5 with the differently machined ends of the carriers 1. Depending on the design curvature, the mating surfaces and screw holes of the node elements are arranged at an appropriate angle, all node elements shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 being produced on the basis of one and the same type of node basic elements. In addition, the ends of the beams are each processed differently, so that depending on the curvature provided, the upper flange O and lower flange U of the beam end are either of the same length or of different lengths.

In the illustration according to FIGS. 3 to 5, the length differences between the upper and lower boundaries of the structure, which are necessary due to the structure of the structure, are differentiated by different lengths of the upper chords O and the lower chords U balanced, while the different connection angles also required due to the structural curvatures are generated by angular machining of the mating surfaces 5 on the node elements 3, 4. However, it is equally conceivable and possibly practical to divide the length differences and angle adjustments on beams 1 and node elements 3, 4 in a different way, for example by making both length and angle differences between the areas of the top chords O and Lower chords U are generated or recorded only by appropriate processing of the node elements 3, 4, or only by appropriate processing of the beam ends.

Since in most cases a completely computer-assisted planning, calculation, construction and production is required for complex curved surface structures, whereby most individual parts of such a complex curved surface structure inevitably differ at least slightly from each other, in principle, however, any desired or practicable division can also be made the length differences or connection angle between the beam end and node element 3, 4 can be selected. If the manufacturing processes for the beam elements 1 differ significantly from those of the junction elements 3, 4, it is basically also conceivable to manufacture or cut the beam elements 1 in particular first, which is done, for example, by the inexpensive, but with considerable dimensional tolerances, flame cutting can. Subsequently, the mating surfaces 5 of the node elements 3, 4 can then be manufactured by machining with considerably greater precision due to the method, and in addition to the dimensions provided purely for constructional purposes, the actual dimensional tolerances of the beams 1 previously produced by flame cutting can also be taken into account. 6 shows a top view of a node area of a tensile structure according to the present invention. It can be seen that, once again, according to the arrangement and processing of the mating surfaces 5 of the node element 3, 4, beam elements 1 can be connected essentially at any circumferential angle α, β. The various bars 1 can also connect to the node element 3, 4 at different angles of curvature and even under different directions of curvature. For example, the bars 1 'can connect to the nodes 3, 4 without an angle of curvature, ie within the plane of the drawing in FIG. 6, while the bars 1 "connect to the node 3, 4 at a certain angle of curvature from the plane of the drawing to the viewer, whereas the bars 1 '"are connected to the nodes 3, 4 away from the viewer at an angle of curvature out of the plane of the drawing.

7 to 14 show how a flat structure according to the invention can be realized in which rods 1 and nodes 3, 4 are welded to one another. 7 to 12, for the sake of a better overview only the top flange O of a carrier 1 adjoining a pair of node elements 3, 4 is shown. In the upper row of figures, i.e. in FIGS. 7 to 9, a right-angled connection of a support 1 to a node element 3 is shown, while the middle row of figures, that is to say FIGS. 10 to 12, an angled connection of a support 1 or Carrier belt O on a node element 3 shows.

It can be seen that the connection between the carrier belt O and the node element 3 respectively associated with this carrier belt O takes place in the form of a combination of dowel pin fixation 10 and welding 11, 13. The dowel pin 10 screwed into a blind hole thread 9 in the respective carrier belt O initially serves to pre-fix the individual components 1, 3, 4 of a structural area in the prescribed range

Relative position and with the prescribed relative angles of the individual NEN components 1, 3, 4 to each other. If the components 1, 3, 4 to be welded to one another are thus fixed against one another by means of the dowel pins 10, the welding 11, 13 can then take place.

From the sectional view of FIGS. 7 to 12, it is also again clearly recognizable that all the node elements 3, 4 shown there are made on the basis of one and the same type of node basic elements and that they are only provided by the arrangement of the mating surfaces 5 and the bores for the dowel pins 10 differentiate. It can also be seen here that a practically arbitrary number of node elements with different geometries and thus correspondingly different structural curvatures and structural geometries can be designed on the basis of one and the same basic node element.

The welding 11, 13 can take place in the region of chamfers 12, which were previously attached to the edges of the carrier belts O, U. The possible arrangement, size and shape of the bevels 12 can be seen in particular from FIG. 13, with the bevels shown in FIG. 13 producing a weld pattern as shown in FIGS. 7 and 10. However, it is equally possible to weld the carrier belts and the node elements with welds 11, 13 of even larger cross section, for example as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 and FIGS. 11 and 12. In this embodiment of the weld seams 1 1, 13, the dowel pins 10 are also partially welded in or go into the weld seam 1 1, which is made possible by the fact that the dowel pins 10 are made of a material, for example of structural steel, which is compatible with the can also be used to weld beams 1 and nodes 3, 4. In this way, any possible disruption or inhomogeneity of the weld seam 1 1 is prevented by the dowel pins 10 penetrating the weld seam 1 1.

The exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 9 and 12 differ in particular from the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 8 and 11 in that in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 9 and 12, carriers 1 with particularly strong or thick carrier belts O, U were used. In this case, the upper weld seam 1 1, which is further away from the bending line of the carrier 1 and is therefore generally more heavily loaded, was designed with a larger cross section than the weld seam 13 located closer to the bending line.

14 finally shows the connection of a support 1 to a node element 3, 4 in a top view, the end of the support and node element 3, 4 being welded together again. It can be seen that the welding 14 in the illustration according to FIG. 14 was carried out in the region of the vertical edges 14 of the carrier 1. This can take place independently of, or in addition to, welding 11, 13 of the horizontal edges of the carrier 1 or the carrier belts O, U, as is shown in FIGS. 7 to 12.

The result clearly shows that, thanks to the invention, a flat structure is created which can be manufactured and assembled economically and in a weight-saving manner even with large profile heights. On the basis of the invention, slab structures with the most varied radii of curvature or freely formed slab structures can be created in a time-saving manner and with comparatively low costs and completely modularly while minimizing the variety of components. Thanks to the inventive resolution of the structural nodes in the form of pairs of node elements, material costs are also saved, and the node elements, which have a considerably lower mass, are easier to handle and quicker to assemble.

The invention thus makes an important contribution to the further development of the technology in the area of wide span structures.

Claims

claims

1. Single-skin slab structure with bars (1) and at least one node (3, 4), the bars (1) being designed as bending beams, characterized in that the node is formed by a pair of node elements (3, 4) , wherein the node elements (3, 4) of a pair of node elements (3, 4) are arranged spaced apart from one another along a straight line extending essentially perpendicular to the plane of the surface structure.

2. slab structure according to claim 1, characterized gekennz e i chn et that the slab structure is at least partially curved once or twice.

3. Slab structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized g ek ennz e i chn et that the node elements (3, 4) are substantially annular.

4. Slab structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the node elements (3, 4) are essentially cup-shaped.

5. The tensile structure according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the node elements (3, 4) comprise mating surfaces (5) for arranging the rod ends.

6. The tensile structure according to claim 5, characterized in that the mating surfaces (5) are arranged essentially tangentially on the outer circumference of the node elements (3, 4).

7. The flat structure according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the mating surfaces (5) are obtainable by machining basic knot elements.

8. The tensile structure according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that different node elements (3, 4) are obtainable by attaching different mating surfaces (5) to identical basic node elements.

9. The tensile structure according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the rod (1) or bending beam comprises an upper chord (O), a lower chord (U) and a web arrangement (S).

10. The tensile structure according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that at least part of the curvature is caused by a pair of node elements (3, 4), the node elements (3, 4) of which have differently arranged mating surfaces (5).

11. The tensile structure according to claim 10, characterized in that the node elements (3, 4) of the node element pair (3, 4) are based on the same node basic element.

12. The tensile structure according to claim 10, characterized in that the node elements (3, 4) of the node element pair (3, 4) are based on differently sized node basic elements.

13. A flat structure according to one of claims 2 to 12, characterized in that at least part of the curvature is caused by a rod (1) whose straps (O, U) are of different lengths.

14. The tensile structure according to one of claims 5 to 13, characterized in that one end of a rod (1) is assigned exactly one pair of mating surfaces (5) exactly one pair of node elements (3, 4), the position and / or angle of the rod end assigned mating surfaces (5) of the node element pair (3, 4) depending on the length and / or angle of the end surfaces of the belts (O, U) of the rod (1).

15. The tensile structure according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the rod ends can be screwed to the node elements (3, 4).

16. The tensile structure according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the rod ends are welded to the node elements (3, 4).

17. The tensile structure according to one of claims 1 to 16, g ek en nz eic hn et penetrate through dowel pins (10), the rod end and associated mating surface (5).

18. The flat structure according to claim 17, characterized in that the dowel pins (10) have a threaded area and can be screwed into the rod end (9).

19. The tensile structure according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the dowel pins (10) are made of weldable material and can be welded using the same welding method as the node element (3, 4) and rod (1).

20. The tensile structure according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the node elements (3, 4) have a central bore.

21. The tensile structure according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that a fastening device (8) for tensioning elements (7), in particular for diagonal ropes, in the space between the node elements (3, 4) of a pair of node elements (3, 4) (7) or tension wires (7) is arranged.

22. The flat structure according to claim 21, characterized in that the fastening device (8) can be connected to the pair of node elements (3, 4) via the central bores of the node elements (3, 4).