EP1802457B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines hartlötblechs aus einer aluminiumlegierung und leichte hartgelötete wärmetauscheranordnungen - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung eines hartlötblechs aus einer aluminiumlegierung und leichte hartgelötete wärmetauscheranordnungen Download PDF

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EP1802457B1
EP1802457B1 EP05791249A EP05791249A EP1802457B1 EP 1802457 B1 EP1802457 B1 EP 1802457B1 EP 05791249 A EP05791249 A EP 05791249A EP 05791249 A EP05791249 A EP 05791249A EP 1802457 B1 EP1802457 B1 EP 1802457B1
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Prior art keywords
core
alloy
brazing
clad
hours
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1802457B2 (de
EP1802457A1 (de
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Scott W. Haller
Guy Laliberte
Achim BÜRGER
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Novelis Koblenz GmbH
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Aleris Aluminum Koblenz GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/016—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/905—Materials of manufacture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49393—Heat exchanger or boiler making with metallurgical bonding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y10T428/12764—Next to Al-base component

Definitions

  • core penetration depth we refer to all these terminologies. It is known that the sensitivity of a material to core penetration depth is relatively low in the fully annealed (O-temper) product, especially if the same full annealed product is used in a "slightly cold worked" condition.
  • light cold worked we refer to the deformation resulting from industrial processes such as stamping, roll forming or tension levelling which are typically applied to produce components of heat exchangers such as evaporator or oil cooler core plates, folded tubes, and heat transfer fins.
  • the core alloy of a brazing sheet product requires a good combination of formability, core penetration, strength and corrosion resistance characteristics. It has been well defined in literature and the heat exchanger industry that materials with reduced amounts of core penetration provide for significant improvements in brazeability and corrosion resistance.
  • the use of a non O-temper, such as H14-temper or H24-temper has also been suggested to reduce the susceptibility to core penetration.
  • these tempers effectively reduce the core penetration, formability and/or elongation in the as-produced condition of the brazing sheet product is often compromised.
  • Other alternative processes such as light cold deforming process i.e.: tension levelling, or the use of a non-recrystallized surface layer are difficult to control in current industrial mass-production practices and therefore result in a compromise on reproducibility of the product.
  • brazing sheet is annealed, preferably to an O-temper condition, in order to fully recrystallize the core material and in order to prevent the formation of these grain boundaries, such brazing sheets are deformed before brazing in order to form assemblies such as heat exchangers wherein such deforming generates variable strain hardening places and variable formation of grain boundaries which are susceptible for the migration of silicon.
  • US-4,586,964 discloses a method for producing a brazing sheet for roll forming and vacuum brazing, wherein a composite sheet is annealed to a strain-free state after having been rolled to a thickness which is a critical amount greater than the final thickness. Following the annealing step, the sheet is cold worked to the desired thickness, the degree of reduction in this final step being within a critical range which provides the improvement in corrosion resistance to the final product after brazing. It is disclosed to cold work the annealed sheet product to a reduction of from about 3% to about 20%.
  • WO-03/061962-A1 discloses aluminium alloys and clad aluminium alloys, one or two sides, that have one discrete and a substantially continuous layer of unrecrystallized grains abutting the surface of the core sheet, which can be clad or not, wherein said layer has a thickness of at least 5 microns at all points and said layer comprises up to 20% by volume of said sheet or plate and for a braze clad the core erosion during a brazing cycle, as measured in a cross-sectional optical microscopy subsequent to the brazing cycle, is less than 20%.
  • the process comprising, casting an ingot, optionally partially homogenizing said ingot, subjecting said ingot to machine and/or scalping treatments, optionally applying a cladding to one or both sides of said ingot, and preheating said ingot to a defined temperature, cold rolling to a thickness and annealing sufficient to recrystallize most of the grains and render the alloy soft enough to form the desired part.
  • WO-03/076677-A1 discloses a method for producing aluminium composite material for heat exchanger applications, wherein the core alloy is homogenized at 530°C or higher for greater than 15 hours, followed by a hot rolling step to produce the clad alloy and cold rolling to an intermediate-anneal thickness. The product is then subject to an intermediate anneal to completely recrystallize the core material, followed by imparting a strain of 1 to 10% the product and thereby the final aluminium alloy composite material.
  • LFM core penetration
  • the core penetration depths (LFM) of the braze sheet produced according to the present invention are less than 40 ⁇ m and preferably less than 30 ⁇ m, as determined according to Figure 1 and the above described method.
  • the amount (in weight%) of silicon in the brazing alloy is not very critical.
  • the cladding alloy may be any aluminium alloy capable of flow under typical brazing conditions to form fillets at the contact points sufficient to produce a sturdy bond. Such alloys will generally contain silicon as the primary alloying element, preferably at a concentration ranging from 5 to 15%, and preferably 6.5 to 11 %.
  • the brazing alloys may optionally contain Mg in a range of 0.15 to 2.0% and/or Zn in a range of 0.5 to 3.0%, and/or Cu up to 4%. Exemplary such alloys are those of the AA4xxx-series, for example AA4004, AA4043, AA4045, AA4047, AA4104 or AA4343.
  • the above clad and core alloys were subjected to industrial standard process routes to produce two side clad braze sheet products, consisting of homogenization of the core alloys A to G at temperatures of 490 to 610°C, with soaking times of 1 to 20 hours, followed by regular industrial scalping of the cooled, as-cast ingot surface.
  • core alloy H was not given a homogenization treatment.
  • the clad alloy liner ingots scalped, re-heated and hot rolled to the proper thickness to achieve the desired clad ratio when applied to the scalped core ingot.
  • the braze clad ratios for the example materials ranged from 8 to 18%, utilizing regular industrial braze clad ratio tolerances.
  • Table 2 Alloys of Table 1 - Process Route Identification Alloy-Process # Description Recrystallization Anneal (°C) Cold Work Level (%) Final Anneal (°C) Final Gauge (mm) A1 Standard 379 - 5 Hours -- -- 0.52 A2 Inventive 379 - 5 Hours 15 357 - 5 Hours 0.44 A3 Inventive 379 - 5 Hours 20 413 - 5 Hours 0.42 A4 Inventive 379 - 5 Hours 15 357 - 5 Hours 0.44 A5 Comparative 379 - 5 Hours 20 413 - 5 Hours 0.42 A6 Inventive 379 - 5 Hours 15 377 - 5 Hours 0.44 B1 Standard 379 - Hours -- -- 0.50 B2 Inventive 379 - 5 Hours 15 357 - 5 Hours 0.43 B3 Inventive 379 - 5 Hours 20 413 - 5 Hours 0.40 B4 Inventive 379 - 5 Hours 15 357 - 5 Hours 0.43 B

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Aluminiumlegierungshartlötblechs zur Herstellung von leichten hartgelöteten Anordnungen, wobei das Hartlötblech eine gute Formbarkeit aufweist, kombiniert mit einer geringen Anfälligkeit gegenüber dem Eindringen in den Kern im schlussgeglühten Herstellzustand nach dem Dehnen bzw. Recken, Formen und/oder Gestalten und Hartlöten, umfassend die Schritte:
    a) Gießen einer Kernaluminiumlegierung mit der folgenden Zusammensetzung (in Gewichtsprozent): Cu: 0,06-1,25, Mn: 0,4-1,7, Mg: 0,6 max., Si: 1,25 max., Zn: 0,4 max., Zr: 0,25 max., Fe: 0,8 max., Ti: 0,3 max., Cr: 0,25 max.,
    Rest Aluminium und gelegentlich auftretende Elemente und Verunreinigungen als ein Kernmaterial,
    b) Homogenisieren und/oder Vorwärmen der Kernlegierung bei Temperaturen von 490 bis 610°C über Durchwärmzeiten von 1 bis 24 Stunden,
    c1) Plattieren bzw. Umhüllen der Kernaluminiumlegierung auf einer oder zwei Seiten mit einer Al-Si-Hartlötlegierung, um ein Plattierelement zu erzielen, bei dem der Anteil der Plattierungsdicke im Bereich von 3 bis 20% je Seite liegt,
    c2) wahlweises Plattieren der Kernlegierung, eine Seite, mit einer auf AI-Si basierenden Hartlötlegierung mit einem Plattierungsanteil von 3 bis 20%, und Plattieren der gegenüberliegenden Seite mit einer Aluminiumlegierung mit einem vor Korrosion und/oder Erosion schützenden Plattierungsanteil von 5 bis 30% und mit einer Zusammensetzung, die ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Legierungen der AA1xxx-, AA3xxx- and AA7xxx-Serien,
    d) Zusammensetzen der Plattier-/Kernkombinationen und Wiedererwärmen der Anordnungen auf Temperaturen von 400 bis 490°C über Durchwärmzeiten von 1 bis 20 Stunden,
    e) Warmwalzen und/oder Kaltwalzen der zusammengesetzten bzw. Verbundanordnungen zu einer ersten Dicke,
    f) Rekristallisationsglühen der gewalzten Verbundanordnungen bei der ersten Dicke zwischen 250°C und 450°C über bis zu 10 Stunden,
    g) Kaltverfestigen des geglühten Produkts bis zu einer zweiten Dicke mit einer Verformung zwischen 10% und 40%, um ein Hartlötblechprodukt bei einer zweiten Dicke zu erzielen, und
    h) Schlussglühen des Hartlötblechs über 1 bis 10 Stunden zwischen 250°C und 420°C, bevorzugt 2 bis 7 Stunden, so dass das schlussgeglühte Produkt nicht rekristallisiert wird und der mittlere beim Rekristallisationsglühen erzielte Korndurchmesser bei weniger als etwa 60 µm beibehalten wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Menge an Cu in der Kernlegierung in einem Bereich von 0,15 bis 0,7% liegt.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Menge an Mn in der Kernlegierung in einem Bereich von 0,6 bis 1,5% liegt.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei in der Kernlegierung die Menge an Magnesium unter 0,25%, Silizium unter 0,80%, Eisen unter 0,60% und Titan unter 0,25% liegt.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei in der auf AlSi basierenden Hartlötlegierung die Menge an Si in der Hartlötlegierung in einem Bereich von 5 bis 15%, bevorzugt in einem Bereich von 6,6 bis 11 % liegt.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die auf AISi basierende Hartlötlegierung ferner Mg in einem Bereich von 0,15 bis 2,0% enthält und/oder (in Gewichtsprozent) Zn in einem Bereich von 0,5 bis 2,0% und/oder Cu bis zu 4% enthält.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei ein mehrfach plattierter Barren einer Aluminiumlegierung gegossen und/oder ein gewalztes, mehrfach plattiertes Produkt hergestellt wird, durch Verwenden einer Zusammensetzung, wie zuvor beschrieben, als mittlere Kernschicht und eine Plattierlegierung wie beispielsweise eine Aluminium-Mangan-Legierungszusammensetzung beispielsweise der AA3xxx-Serie, AA7xxx-Serie oder reines Aluminium der AA1xxx-Serie als eine Zwischenschicht, bevorzugt unter Zugabe von Zink, als eine Zwischenschicht auf einer oder beiden Seiten der mittleren Kernschicht, wodurch eine mehrfach plattierte Kernaluminiumlegierung gebildet wird, wahlweise die mehrfach plattierte Kernaluminiumlegierung homogenisiert und/oder vorgewärmt wird und zwar nach dem Gießen und Plattieren der mehrfach plattierten Kernaluminiumlegierung mit der auf AI-Si basierenden Hartlötlegierung, um ein verbessertes Plattierelement zu erzielen.
  8. Verwendung eines Hartlötblechs, hergestellt unter Verwendung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, oder einer mehrfach plattierten Anordnung nach Anspruch 7, um Wärmetauscherbauteile wie beispielsweise Verdampfungsplatten, Ölkühlerplatten, ein walzgeformtes Rohr, ein geschweißtes Rohr, Kopfplatten, Seitenplatten und gewellte bzw. gerippte und/oder geprägte Wärmeübertragungsrippen herzustellen.
  9. Verwendung eines Hartlötblechs, hergestellt unter Verwendung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, oder einer mehrfach plattierten Anordnung nach Anspruch 7 für eine Hartlötanwendung für einen Wärmetauscher.
EP05791249.5A 2004-10-19 2005-09-30 Verfahren zur herstellung eines hartlötblechs aus einer aluminiumlegierung und leichte hartgelötete wärmetauscheranordnungen Active EP1802457B2 (de)

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EP05791249.5A EP1802457B2 (de) 2004-10-19 2005-09-30 Verfahren zur herstellung eines hartlötblechs aus einer aluminiumlegierung und leichte hartgelötete wärmetauscheranordnungen

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US61977404P 2004-10-19 2004-10-19
EP04078107 2004-11-11
EP05791249.5A EP1802457B2 (de) 2004-10-19 2005-09-30 Verfahren zur herstellung eines hartlötblechs aus einer aluminiumlegierung und leichte hartgelötete wärmetauscheranordnungen
PCT/IB2005/002935 WO2006043137A1 (en) 2004-10-19 2005-09-30 Method of producing an aluminium alloy brazing sheet and light brazed heat exchanger assemblies

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EP1802457A1 EP1802457A1 (de) 2007-07-04
EP1802457B1 true EP1802457B1 (de) 2010-06-16
EP1802457B2 EP1802457B2 (de) 2013-08-14

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US (1) US7608345B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1802457B2 (de)
JP (1) JP5414991B2 (de)
KR (1) KR101216820B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101072673B (de)
AT (1) ATE471235T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2593276C (de)
DE (1) DE602005021902D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2876606B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2006043137A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA200702425B (de)

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KR20070094887A (ko) 2007-09-27
DE602005021902D1 (de) 2010-07-29
FR2876606B1 (fr) 2009-11-06
WO2006043137A1 (en) 2006-04-27
KR101216820B1 (ko) 2012-12-31
CN101072673A (zh) 2007-11-14
US7608345B2 (en) 2009-10-27
CA2593276A1 (en) 2006-04-27
ZA200702425B (en) 2008-06-25
US20060105193A1 (en) 2006-05-18
ATE471235T1 (de) 2010-07-15
CA2593276C (en) 2014-01-21
JP5414991B2 (ja) 2014-02-12
WO2006043137A9 (en) 2007-06-07
FR2876606A1 (fr) 2006-04-21
EP1802457B2 (de) 2013-08-14
CN101072673B (zh) 2013-04-24
EP1802457A1 (de) 2007-07-04

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