EP1798470B1 - Heating device and its method of operation - Google Patents

Heating device and its method of operation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1798470B1
EP1798470B1 EP05027165A EP05027165A EP1798470B1 EP 1798470 B1 EP1798470 B1 EP 1798470B1 EP 05027165 A EP05027165 A EP 05027165A EP 05027165 A EP05027165 A EP 05027165A EP 1798470 B1 EP1798470 B1 EP 1798470B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
exhaust gas
radiant heat
heat pipe
heating apparatus
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05027165A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1798470A1 (en
Inventor
Bernd H. Schwank
Konrad Weber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schwank GmbH
Original Assignee
Schwank GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to PL05027165T priority Critical patent/PL1798470T3/en
Application filed by Schwank GmbH filed Critical Schwank GmbH
Priority to AT05027165T priority patent/ATE388374T1/en
Priority to DE502005003135T priority patent/DE502005003135D1/en
Priority to EP05027165A priority patent/EP1798470B1/en
Priority to CA2571126A priority patent/CA2571126C/en
Priority to US11/637,620 priority patent/US8475163B2/en
Publication of EP1798470A1 publication Critical patent/EP1798470A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1798470B1 publication Critical patent/EP1798470B1/en
Priority to US13/932,746 priority patent/US20140011140A1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12Radiant burners
    • F23D14/151Radiant burners with radiation intensifying means other than screens or perforated plates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00Details
    • F24H9/0052Details for air heaters
    • F24H9/0057Guiding means
    • F24H9/0068Guiding means in combustion gas channels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/002Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber having an elongated tubular form, e.g. for a radiant tube
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12Radiant burners
    • F23D14/126Radiant burners cooperating with refractory wall surfaces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/305Control of valves
    • F24H15/31Control of valves of valves having only one inlet port and one outlet port, e.g. flow rate regulating valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/345Control of fans, e.g. on-off control
    • F24H15/35Control of the speed of fans
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/36Control of heat-generating means in heaters of burners
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00Air heaters
    • F24H3/006Air heaters using fluid fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00Details
    • F24H9/20Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2064Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heaters
    • F24H9/2085Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heaters using fluid fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating device comprising at least one burner for the combustion of a particular gaseous energy carrier, at least one subsequent to the burner radiant tube, at least one in the radiant tube a negative pressure or overpressure generating blower and at least one exhaust gas recirculation device with at least one exhaust gas recirculation line, via the one when the combustion of the primary energy carrier resulting exhaust gas from the radiant tube in a transition region from the burner is in the radiant tube traceable.
  • the invention further relates to a method for operating a Walkerungsvonichtung in which burned in at least one burner, in particular a gaseous energy source and in at least one adjoining the burner radiant tube, a flame is generated, which heats the radiant tube in which in the at least one radiant tube over a blower, a negative pressure or an overpressure is generated and in the resulting during combustion of the energy source exhaust gas is returned via at least one exhaust gas recirculation device with at least one Abgas Weg 1500weiturlg from the radiant tube in a transition region from the burner in the radiant tube.
  • a heater and such a method are out US 3,399,833 known.
  • Heating devices of the type mentioned which are also known as a dark radiator, are heat generators that are operated with gaseous or liquid fuels and are preferably used for heating larger spaces, for example for heating industrial or commercial buildings.
  • these heating devices consist of a radiant tube to which a burner and a fan are connected.
  • the blower may be disposed on the input side of the burner so that the blower operates oppressively.
  • the fan may be arranged on the output side of the radiant tube, wherein the output side of the radiant tube, the end of the radiant tube is soft remote from the burner.
  • the blower works in this alternative as exhaust fan and sucks in the the combustion of the gaseous or liquid fuels resulting and introduced into the radiant tube exhaust gases from.
  • the radiant tube can have a linear, curved or single or multiple angled shape and consist of several segments, wherein the radiant tube usually has a reflector housing, which conducts a radiant heat radiation from the radiant tube in a direction provided.
  • the reflector housing is arranged on an upper, the ceiling facing side of the radiant tube to the heat radiation targeted in a lower space area, such as a residence zone for people, animals and / or To direct plants.
  • the heat transfer of a generic, to be designated as a dark heater heating device to a room to be heated is predominantly by infrared radiation.
  • the burner produces a long flame within the radiant tube, which can be several meters long depending on the fuel and load.
  • the exhaust gases generated during the combustion of the fuel are conveyed by the fan through the radiant tube and finally fed to an exhaust pipe, which is usually connected to the burner end remote from the radiant tube. Via the exhaust pipe, the exhaust gases are discharged directly or indirectly with the room ventilation from an upper ceiling area of the building.
  • the heated by the flame and the exhaust heat radiant tube emits heat radiation of a certain wavelength range, which penetrate the space to be heated almost lossless as electromagnetic waves and only when hitting absorbent surfaces, such as parts of buildings, such as walls and soil, furnishings or people, animals, plants are converted into sensible heat.
  • a generic heating device in the form of a dark radiator therefore works very energy efficient in large spaces.
  • a heating device designed as a radiant heater which has a gas-fired burner, a radiant tube connected thereto and an exhaust fan in a housing.
  • the radiant tube is formed as a closed pipe system and has a U-shaped configuration.
  • the exhaust fan generates within the pipe system a negative pressure, which is to allow a very long, the interior of the radiant tube uniformly passing flame and a removal of the exhaust gases.
  • EP 0 282 838 B1 a gas-fired radiant heater having a radiant tube as a combustion chamber and a burner which is connected to one end of the radiant tube. At the opposite end of the radiant tube, a fan is connected, which sucks the exhaust gases from the radiant tube.
  • the radiant tube is U-shaped and arranged in a housing.
  • Another heating device is out of the DE 91 03 004 U1 known, which has a connected to a pressure and mixing chamber housing radiant tube.
  • the radiant tube is connected on the one hand to a return flow chamber with a fan and on the other hand to a mixing chamber with a flame tube surrounding a burner.
  • the pressure and mixing chamber housing is designed like a twin screw, with two cylinder-like parts forming the housing and a front and back plate having the twin screw shape.
  • a flap is arranged, which is adjustable in position. With this flap, an adjustment of the air flow and the pressure conditions to different lengths of the radiant tube performed.
  • the fan has an adjustable speed of its impeller to adjust the volume flow of the exhaust gases sucked to different lengths of the radiant tube.
  • a generic gas-fired heating device is further from the DE 92 07 513 U1 known, which has a U-shaped radiant tube, the upstream part of a burner upstream and arranged at the downstream portion of a suction fan.
  • the suction fan has at its outlet side to a bypass line which is connected upstream of the radiant tube and through which a part of the exhaust gases are introduced into the upstream region of the Schustrahlrvhres, wherein in the upstream region of the radiant tube, a flame is generated by the burner.
  • this heating device that 15 to 30 vol .-% of the exhaust gases are passed through the bypass line and that the bypass line can be throttled to adjust the amount of exhaust gas on the configuration of the heating device, in particular to the length of the radiant tube, so that regardless of Burner differently shaped, in particular with regard to the length of the radiant tube variable heating devices can be formed and operated in the preferred efficiency.
  • Heating devices of the embodiments described above are operated predominantly in an on / off operation, in which the burner is either on or off, so that either a preset power output or no power output takes place.
  • the operation of this heating device is determined in particular by the intended heat distribution in the room to be heated and the pollutant concentration of the exhaust gases.
  • the heating device Since the heating device is usually designed for the maximum heat demand of the room to be heated at lowest outdoor temperatures, it comes with fluctuating temperatures during an annual heating period to a cyclic operation of the heating device. This results in loss of comfort due to fluctuations in the room temperature and resulting energy losses of the building, which usually have to be compensated by elaborate insulation measures.
  • the heating device and its components are subject by the cyclic operation with frequent heating and cooling processes a relatively high load and thus an increased wear of the components.
  • a power adjustment by a multi-stage or continuously modulating operation of the heating device is not easily controlled by tight physical limits. If, for example, the gas load is reduced without adjusting the air flow rate, higher air surpluses and, thus, higher exhaust gas losses of the heating device tend to occur. Furthermore, the flame length is shortened considerably by a high excess of air, so that there is also a deteriorated heat distribution within the radiant tube and thus a less favorable radiation distribution in the room to be heated.
  • the gas delivery also reduces the air delivery rate, undesirable condensation occurs due to the large heat transfer surfaces and the high heat capacities of the heating device. Furthermore, the design of the required air deficiency protection elaborate.
  • the invention has the object , a heating device of the generic type and a method for their operation further develop such that a power adjustment of the heating device without the disadvantages described above in a structurally simple manner is possible, with optimal thermal distribution and thus a high thermal comfort in the room to be heated with low energy losses achieved in all performance areas with low exhaust gas losses and significantly reduces the pollutant concentration of the exhaust gases while avoiding unwanted condensation effects, so that significantly extends the life of the heating device according to the invention becomes.
  • the solution to this problem is achieved in a heating device according to the invention characterized in that the exhaust gas recirculation device is controlled in response to the power levels of the burner such that the volume flow of the recirculated exhaust gas is reduced with increasing power level of the burner.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation device is controlled in response to the power levels of the burner such that the volume flow of the recirculated exhaust gas is reduced with increasing power level of the burner.
  • the volume flow of the recirculated exhaust gases for example be regulated by means of a designed as a flow control device actuator, which in an exhaust gas recirculation device between a fresh air line, with a in the Usually low pressure level and arranged at the end remote from the burner of the radiant tube exhaust pipe is arranged with a generally higher pressure level.
  • the actuator can be controlled, for example, electrically and simultaneously with a signal for lowering the power of the burner.
  • the fan is arranged on the input side of the burner, so that both the fresh air required for the combustion, as well as recirculating exhaust gases are pressed into the burner and thus into the downstream radiant tube.
  • a suction line for sucking the fresh air from the room or by means of a roof duct from the outside is arranged. In the intake pipe there is a slight negative pressure relative to the atmosphere.
  • the arranged at the end of the radiant tube exhaust pipe is used to dissipate the exhaust gases, for example, a roof of the building to be heated.
  • this exhaust pipe there is a slight overpressure to the atmosphere.
  • a short temperature-resistant connecting line is arranged, which has as an actuator, for example, an electric motor driven and, for example, thermally controlled exhaust flap.
  • the gas-fired burner contains in the preferred embodiment, a two- or multi-stage solenoid valve for the supply of fuel whose stages are controlled by a room temperature controller depending on the heat demand.
  • a larger volumetric flow of the exhaust gases of, for example, 20 to 60 vol% of the available exhaust gas in the radiant tube, for example, via the fresh air line of the burner is returned by opening the VolumensiromregelINA, such as the exhaust flap in AbgasffickInstituteinchtcht in the fan the fresh air mixed and fed to the burner and / or the radiant tube.
  • the flame length would decrease drastically in the smaller power stage due to the high excess air, so that in the radiant tube deteriorated heat distribution and higher exhaust gas losses would arise.
  • Due to the inventive performance-dependent exhaust gas recirculation is extended by the addition of exhaust gas due to the lower local oxygen supply, the flame at a reduced flame temperature and achieved a very favorable heat distribution with reduced radiant power.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation in the smaller power level also the exhaust gas losses of the burner compared to the higher power level are kept constant or even further reduced.
  • the output of nitrogen oxides of the burner is significantly reduced due to the reduced combustion temperature and the lower oxygen partial pressure in the flame in the smaller power stage. Over a whole heating period, the pollutant load can be reduced by up to 50%, depending on the exhaust gas admixture rate.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation device preferably has a volume flow control device for the volume flow of the recirculated exhaust gas.
  • the volume flow control device may be formed, for example, as a bypass valve, which is inserted into an exhaust gas recirculation line and controllable with respect to its passage.
  • the volume flow control device controls the power, in particular the speed of the blower, so that, for example, an increase in the speed of the blower, a larger volume flow sucked exhaust gas and the radiant tube is supplied.
  • the Volumenstromragel boots comprises a flap and / or a slider which is arranged in the exhaust gas recirculation line and closes at a certain power of the burner.
  • the above-described volume flow control devices may also be provided in combination, with a combination of a speed control of the blower and a volume flow control device in the form of a bypass valve or a flap and / or a slide has proven to be advantageous.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation device is activated in one power level and deactivated in another power level.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation device is deactivated in the higher of the two power levels of the burner, while the exhaust gas recirculation device is activated in the lower of the two power levels of the burner to return a pre-determined volume flow of exhaust gas in the radiant tube.
  • the fan can be arranged both at one end of the radiant tube opposite the burner or together with the burner at one end of the radiant tube. If the blower is arranged at an end of the radiant tube opposite the burner, the blower generates a negative pressure in the radiant tube, so that the exhaust gases are sucked off and then optionally returned to the end of the radiant tube in the area of the burner. If the fan is arranged with the burner at one end of the radiant tube, the fan generates an overpressure in the region of the radiant tube, wherein the blower is then provided both for the supply of fresh air and for the supply of the exhaust gas to be recirculated.
  • a heating device according to the invention is formed with correspondingly long radiant tubes with two fans, of which a fan is arranged at an opposite end of the burner radiant tube and a fan with the burner at one end of the radiant tube.
  • At least two radiant tubes are arranged in opposite directions and each having a burner, wherein the radiant tubes each have an exhaust gas recirculation device are introduced via the exhaust gases in the respective oppositely disposed radiant tube.
  • the radiant tubes are generally formed linearly, wherein the two burners are arranged at diametrically opposite ends of the radiant tubes, so that the free end of the first radiant tube is disposed in the region of the end of the second Schustrahubehres, at the second Radiant tube of the burner is mounted.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation device of the first radiant tube is arranged, via which the exhaust gas generated by the burner of the first radiant tube is introduced into the region between the burner and the second radiant tube.
  • the end of the second radiant tube which is arranged in the region of the end with the burner of the first radiant tube and also has an exhaust gas recirculation device via which the exhaust gas of the second radiant tube in the area is introduced between the burner and the first radiant tube in the first radiant tube.
  • this embodiment of a heating device without a power-dependent introduction of the exhaust gases in the corresponding radiant tubes is functional.
  • a performance-dependent recirculation of the exhaust gases is beneficial.
  • both radiant tubes are aligned parallel to each other.
  • both radiant tubes are arranged in a common housing, so that both radiator pipes directed via a common reflector, the heat energy directed into the room to be heated.
  • the two parallel aligned radiant tubes are arranged in underschiadlichen housing, each having a reflector, the reflectors can be aligned in different directions to allow targeted heat dissipation of the radiant tubes in different areas.
  • a further embodiment of this advantageous embodiment of the heating device according to the invention provides that the exhaust gas recirculation devices are controllable in dependence on the power of the burner of the counter-rotating radiant tube.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation devices of the counter-rotating radiant tubes are independently controllable.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation device has a measuring element with which parameters such as temperature, exhaust gas values, volume flow or the like are measured and used to control the exhaust gas recirculation device. If, for example, an impermissible exhaust gas value is determined via such a measuring element, then the exhaust gas recirculation devices can be influenced for a short time independently of the power level be in order to convert the required parameters such as temperature, exhaust gas emissions, flow or the like in a preset range, which allows optimum operation of the heating device according to the invention.
  • volume flow control device can be controlled electrically and / or thermally.
  • An electrical control of the Volumenstromregeleiridchtung leads to a structurally simple embodiment of the exhaust gas recirculation device and allows the simultaneous control of the power levels of the burner and the exhaust gas recirculation device.
  • a thermal switching element moreover, time-delayed circuits can be provided, which are triggered only when reaching a predetermined temperature in the exhaust stream or in the radiant tube.
  • the volume flow control device can be controlled simultaneously with a power control device of the burner.
  • FIG. 1 a first embodiment of a heating device is shown in a perspective view.
  • the heating device consists of a burner 1 for the combustion of a particular gaseous energy carrier.
  • the burner 1 is flanged end to a radiant tube 2 and generated within the radiant tube 2 in the combustion of the energy carrier, a flame which extends into the radiant tube 2.
  • the linearly embodied radiant tube 2 is arranged in a housing 3, which is trapezoidal in cross-section and has an opening through which heat radiation can escape, which is generated by the radiant tube 2.
  • the housing 3 has on its inner surface, not shown, a reflector, which supports the radiation of the heat radiation.
  • the burner 1 is preceded by a fan 7, which is formed in the illustrated embodiment as a radial fan. About the fan 7 is through the Burner 1 conveyed fresh air for combustion in the radiant tube 2 in the radiant tube 2, wherein the blower 7 is connected to a fresh air line 8.
  • an exhaust gas recirculation device 9 is arranged, which consists of an exhaust gas recirculation line 10 and a volume flow carrier 11.
  • the volume flow control device 11 has an electric motor 12 via which a in FIG. 1 not shown, arranged in the exhaust gas recirculation line 10 flap is movable.
  • the burner 1 is operable in two power levels, wherein the exhaust gas recirculation device 9 is controllable in dependence on the selected power level of the burner 1.
  • the arranged in the exhaust gas recirculation device 9, not shown flap is closed in an operation of the burner 1 in the higher of the two power levels, so that the guided via the exhaust pipe 5 exhaust gas is completely discharged through the chimney 6.
  • the electric motor 12 pivots the flap arranged in the exhaust gas recirculation line 10 and not shown in detail such that a portion of the exhaust gas from the exhaust pipe 5 via the exhaust gas recirculation line 10 of the fresh air in the fresh air line 8 and admixed Blower 7 is blown into the burner 1 and the radiant tube 2.
  • FIG. 2 a second embodiment of a heating device is shown, which substantially with the embodiment according to FIG. 1 matches, so that matching reference numerals also identify matching components.
  • the heating device according to FIG. 2 a U-shaped radiant tube 2, which has two parallel to each other within the housing 3 extending pipe sections which are interconnected via a U-shaped connecting element. Accordingly, in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 also the residual heat of the exhaust gas used within the radiant tube 2 and the exhaust pipe 5 is compared to the embodiment according to FIG. 1 much shorter.
  • FIG. 2 shows the above in connection with the embodiment according to FIG. 1 explained, but not shown there flap 13, which is arranged in he exhaust gas recirculation line 10 and controllable via the electric motor 12.
  • FIG. 3 A third embodiment of a heating device is in FIG. 3 shown. This embodiment is substantially consistent with the embodiment according to FIG. 2 match, so that here also matching reference numerals are used for matching construction elements.
  • blower 7 in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 upstream of the burner 1 and thus the fresh air and the possibly recirculated exhaust gas discharged into the burner 1 and the radiant tube 2, while the blower 7 of the embodiment according to FIG. 3 is arranged at the end 4 of the radiant tube 2, so that via the blower 7, a negative pressure in the radiant tube 2 is generated.
  • FIG. 4 a fourth embodiment of a heating device is shown, which differs from the in the FIGS. 1 to 3 illustrated embodiments of the heating devices comprises two radiant tubes 2, which are arranged parallel to each other in a common housing 3. At opposite ends, the two radiant tubes 2 each have a burner 1 so that the flames generated by these burners 1 extend in opposite directions within the parallel radiant tubes 2.
  • the two radiant tubes 2 are each connected to an exhaust pipe 5, via which the flue gases generated by the combustion in the Brennem 1 chimneys 6 are supplied.
  • each burner 1 has a fresh-air scavenging 8, via which fresh air for the combustion is supplied to the respective burner 1.
  • the fresh air line 8 is connected in each case to the fan 7, which is connected upstream of the respective burner 1
  • FIG. 4 Furthermore, it can be seen that between each exhaust pipe 5 of a radiant tube 2 and the fresh air line 8 of the adjacent radiant tube 2, an exhaust gas recirculation device 9 according to the embodiment according to the FIGS. 1 to 3 is arranged. About this exhaust gas recirculation means 9, the exhaust gas of a radiant tube 2 is supplied to the fan 7 of the second, parallel thereto radiant tube 2.
  • FIG. 5 Another embodiment of a heating device according to the invention is in FIG. 5 shown.
  • a second fan 7 which is connected in the exhaust pipe 5 and formed as a radial fan.
  • the performance of this fan 7 in the exhaust pipe 5 is variable depending on the power level of the burner 1, so that the fan 7 in the exhaust pipe 5 a high proportion of exhaust gas in the burner 1 and the downstream radiant tube 2 blows, as far as the burner 1 in the smaller the two power levels is operated. If the burner 1 is switched to the higher of the two power stages, then the fan 7 in the exhaust pipe 5 is reduced or switched off in its power, so that the exhaust gas supplied via the exhaust pipe 5 to the fan 7 can escape via the chimney 6.
  • FIG. 6 Another embodiment of a heating device according to the invention is in FIG. 6 shown.
  • this embodiment is in accordance with FIG. 6 with the embodiment according to FIG. 5 or the embodiments according to the Figures 2 and 3 match.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 6 an electromagnetically controlled flap, so that the Vojumenstromregei dressed 11 has an electromagnet with which the flap in dependence on the power levels of the burner 1 is adjustable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

The heating device has a burner (1) which can be operated in at least two load stage. The exhaust gas return device (9) can be controlled dependent on the load stage of the burner, so that the volume flow of the returned exhaust gas is reduced as the load stage of the burner is increase. It may be possible to modulate the burner in its load stages.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Heizungsvorrichtung bestehend aus zumindest einem Brenner für die Verbrennung eines insbesondere gasförmigen Energieträgers, zumindest einem sich an den Brenner anschließenden Heizstrahlrohr, zumindest einem im Heizstrahlrohr einen Unterdruck oder einen Überdruck erzeugenden Gebläse und zumindest einer Abgasrückführeinrichtung mit zumindest einer Abgasrückführleitung, über die ein bei der Verbrennung des Primärenergieträgers entstehendes Abgas aus dem Heizstrahlrohr in einen Übergangsbereich vom Brenner in das Heizstrahlrohr rückführbar ist. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Heizungsvonichtung, bei dem in zumindest einem Brenner ein insbesondere gasförmiger Energieträger verbrannt und in zumindest einem sich an den Brenner anschließenden Heizstrahlrohr eine Flamme erzeugt wird, die das Heizstrahlrohr aufheizt, bei dem in dem zumindest einen Heizstrahlrohr über ein Gebläse ein Unterdruck oder ein Überdruck erzeugt wird und bei dem bei der Verbrennung des Energieträgers entstehendes Abgas über zumindest eine Abgasrückführeinrichtung mit zumindest einer Abgasrückführweiturlg aus dem Heizstrahlrohr in einen Übergangsbereich vom Brenner in das Heizstrahlrohr zurückgeführt wird. Eine derartige Heizvorrichtung und ein derartiges Verfahren sind aus US 3 399 833 bekannt.The invention relates to a heating device comprising at least one burner for the combustion of a particular gaseous energy carrier, at least one subsequent to the burner radiant tube, at least one in the radiant tube a negative pressure or overpressure generating blower and at least one exhaust gas recirculation device with at least one exhaust gas recirculation line, via the one when the combustion of the primary energy carrier resulting exhaust gas from the radiant tube in a transition region from the burner is in the radiant tube traceable. The invention further relates to a method for operating a Heizungsvonichtung in which burned in at least one burner, in particular a gaseous energy source and in at least one adjoining the burner radiant tube, a flame is generated, which heats the radiant tube in which in the at least one radiant tube over a blower, a negative pressure or an overpressure is generated and in the resulting during combustion of the energy source exhaust gas is returned via at least one exhaust gas recirculation device with at least one Abgasrückführweiturlg from the radiant tube in a transition region from the burner in the radiant tube. Such a heater and such a method are out US 3,399,833 known.

Heizungsvorrichtungen der genannten Bauart, die unter anderem auch als Dunkelstrahler bezeichnet werden, sind Wärmeerzeuger, die mit gasförmigen oder flüssigen Brennstoffen betrieben werden und vorzugsweise zur Beheizung größerer Räume, beispielsweise zur Beheizung von Industrie- oder Gewerbehallen eingesetzt werden. In der Regel bestehen diese Heizungsvorrichtungen aus einem Heizstrahlrohr, an welches ein Brenner und ein Gebläse angeschlossen sind. Das Gebläse kann auf der Eingangsseite des Brenners angeordnet sein, so dass das Gebläse drückend arbeitet. Alternativ kann das Gebläse auf der Ausgangsseite des Heizstrahlrohres angeordnet sein, wobei die Ausgangsseite des Heizstrahlrohres das Ende des Heizstrahlrohres ist weiches dem Brenner abgewandt ist. Das Gebläse arbeitet bei dieser Alternative als Abgasgebläse und saugt die bei der Verbrennung der gasförmigen oder flüssigen Brennstoffe entstehenden und in das Heizstrahlrohr eingeleiteten Abgase ab.Heating devices of the type mentioned, which are also known as a dark radiator, are heat generators that are operated with gaseous or liquid fuels and are preferably used for heating larger spaces, for example for heating industrial or commercial buildings. In general, these heating devices consist of a radiant tube to which a burner and a fan are connected. The blower may be disposed on the input side of the burner so that the blower operates oppressively. Alternatively, the fan may be arranged on the output side of the radiant tube, wherein the output side of the radiant tube, the end of the radiant tube is soft remote from the burner. The blower works in this alternative as exhaust fan and sucks in the the combustion of the gaseous or liquid fuels resulting and introduced into the radiant tube exhaust gases from.

Das Heizstrahlrohr kann eine lineare, gebogene oder einfach oder mehrfach abgewinkelte Form aufweisen und aus mehreren Segmenten bestehen, wobei das Heizstrahlrohr in der Regel ein Reflektorgehäuse aufweist, welches eine vom Heizstrahlrohr abzugebende Wärmestrahlung in eine vorgesehene Richtung leitet. Bei üblicher Verwendung einer gattungsgemäßen Heizungsvorrichtung mit einer Anordnung der Heizungsvorrichtung unter einer Decke eines Gebäudes ist das Reflektorgehäuse an einer oberen, der Decke zugewandten Seite des Heizstrahlrohres angeordnet, um die Wärmestrahlung gezielt in einen unteren Raumbereich, beispielsweise eine Aufenthaltszone für Menschen, Tiere und/oder Pflanzen zu richten.The radiant tube can have a linear, curved or single or multiple angled shape and consist of several segments, wherein the radiant tube usually has a reflector housing, which conducts a radiant heat radiation from the radiant tube in a direction provided. In conventional use of a generic heating device with an arrangement of the heating device under a ceiling of a building, the reflector housing is arranged on an upper, the ceiling facing side of the radiant tube to the heat radiation targeted in a lower space area, such as a residence zone for people, animals and / or To direct plants.

Die Wärmeübertragung einer gattungsgemäßen, als Dunkelstrahler zu bezeichnenden Heizungsvorrichtung an einen zu beheizenden Raum erfolgt überwiegend durch Infrarotstrahlung. Im Betrieb wird von dem Brenner eine lange Flamme innerhalb des Heizstrahlrohres erzeugt, die je nach Brennstoff und Belastung mehrere Meter lang sein kann. Die bei der Verbrennung des Brennstoffs erzeugten Abgase werden von dem Gebläse durch das Heizstrahlrohr gefördert und abschließend einer Abgasleitung zugeführt, die in der Regel an dem Brenner abgewandten Ende des Heizstrahlrohres angeschlossen ist. Über die Abgasleitung werden die Abgase direkt oder indirekt mit der Raumentlüftung aus einem oberen deckennahen Bereich des Gebäudes abgeführt.The heat transfer of a generic, to be designated as a dark heater heating device to a room to be heated is predominantly by infrared radiation. In operation, the burner produces a long flame within the radiant tube, which can be several meters long depending on the fuel and load. The exhaust gases generated during the combustion of the fuel are conveyed by the fan through the radiant tube and finally fed to an exhaust pipe, which is usually connected to the burner end remote from the radiant tube. Via the exhaust pipe, the exhaust gases are discharged directly or indirectly with the room ventilation from an upper ceiling area of the building.

Durch eine spezielle Ausbildung der Flamme wird eine möglichst gleichmäßige Temperaturverteilung über die Längsachse des Heizstrahlrohres erzielt. Das durch die Flamme und die Abgaswärme erhitzte Heizstrahlrohr emittiert eine Wärmestrahlung eines bestimmten Wellenlängenbereiches, die als elektromagnetische Wellen den zu beheizenden Raum nahezu verlustfrei durchdringen und erst beim Auftreffen auf absorbierende Oberflächen, wie Gebäudeteile, beispielsweise Wände und Boden, Einrichtungsgegenstände oder Menschen, Tiere, Pflanzen in fühlbare Wärme umgesetzt werden. Eine gattungsgemäße Heizungsvorrichtung in Form eines Dunkelstrahlers arbeitet daher besonders energiesparend in großen Räumen.By a special design of the flame as uniform as possible temperature distribution over the longitudinal axis of the radiant tube is achieved. The heated by the flame and the exhaust heat radiant tube emits heat radiation of a certain wavelength range, which penetrate the space to be heated almost lossless as electromagnetic waves and only when hitting absorbent surfaces, such as parts of buildings, such as walls and soil, furnishings or people, animals, plants are converted into sensible heat. A generic heating device in the form of a dark radiator therefore works very energy efficient in large spaces.

Aus der DE 44 30 860 A1 ist beispielsweise eine als Strahlungsheizkörper ausgebildete Heizungsvorrichtung bekannt, die einen gasbefeuerten Brenner, ein daran angeschlossenes Heizstrahlrohr und ein Abgasgebläse in einem Gehäuse aufweist. Das Heizstrahlrohr ist als geschlossenes Rohrsystem ausgebildet und weist eine u-förmige Gestalt auf. Das Abgasgebläse erzeugt innerhalb des Rohrsystems einen Unterdruck, der eine sehr lange, den Innenraum des Heizstrahlrohres gleichmäßig durchziehende Flamme und einen Abtransport der Abgase ermöglichen soll.From the DE 44 30 860 A1 For example, a heating device designed as a radiant heater is known, which has a gas-fired burner, a radiant tube connected thereto and an exhaust fan in a housing. The radiant tube is formed as a closed pipe system and has a U-shaped configuration. The exhaust fan generates within the pipe system a negative pressure, which is to allow a very long, the interior of the radiant tube uniformly passing flame and a removal of the exhaust gases.

Femer offenbart die EP 0 282 838 B1 einen gasbefeuerten Heizstrahler, der ein Heizstrahlrohr als Verbrennungsraum und einen Brenner aufweist, der an einem Ende des Heizstrahlrohres angeschlossen ist. Am gegenüberliegenden Ende des Heizstrahlrohres ist ein Gebläse angeschlossen, das die Abgase aus dem Heizstrahlrohr absaugt. Das Heizstrahlrohr ist u-förmig ausgebildet und in einem Gehäuse angeordnet.Femer reveals that EP 0 282 838 B1 a gas-fired radiant heater having a radiant tube as a combustion chamber and a burner which is connected to one end of the radiant tube. At the opposite end of the radiant tube, a fan is connected, which sucks the exhaust gases from the radiant tube. The radiant tube is U-shaped and arranged in a housing.

Eine weitere Heizungsvorrichtung ist aus der DE 91 03 004 U1 bekannt, die ein an ein Druck- und Mischkammergehäuse angeschlossenes Heizstrahlrohr aufweist. Das Heizstrahlrohr ist einerseits an eine Rückströmkammer mit einem Gebläse und andererseits an eine Mischkammer mit einem einen Brenner umgebenden Flammrohr angeschlossen. Das Druck- und Mischkammergehäuse ist doppelschneckenartig ausgebildet, wobei zwei zylinderartige Teile das Gehäuse bilden und eine Front- und Rückplatte die Doppelschneckenform aufweisen. Zwischen der Rückströmkammer und der Mischkammer ist eine Klappe angeordnet, die in ihrer Stellung regulierbar ist. Mit dieser Klappe wird eine Anpassung der Luftmenge und der Druckverhältnisse an unterschiedliche Längen des Heizstrahlrohres vorgenommen. Das Gebläse weist eine verstellbare Drehzahl seines Laufrades auf, um den Volumenstrom der abgesaugten Abgase an unterschiedliche Längen des Heizstrahlrohres anzupassen. Diese vorbekannte Heizungsvorrichtung kann somit ohne bauliche Veränderungen der die Wärme erzeugenden Einrichtungen, wie dem Brenner in einfacher Weise an unterschiedlich lange Heizstrahlrohre angepasst werden.Another heating device is out of the DE 91 03 004 U1 known, which has a connected to a pressure and mixing chamber housing radiant tube. The radiant tube is connected on the one hand to a return flow chamber with a fan and on the other hand to a mixing chamber with a flame tube surrounding a burner. The pressure and mixing chamber housing is designed like a twin screw, with two cylinder-like parts forming the housing and a front and back plate having the twin screw shape. Between the return flow chamber and the mixing chamber, a flap is arranged, which is adjustable in position. With this flap, an adjustment of the air flow and the pressure conditions to different lengths of the radiant tube performed. The fan has an adjustable speed of its impeller to adjust the volume flow of the exhaust gases sucked to different lengths of the radiant tube. This prior art heating device can thus be adapted without structural changes of the heat generating devices, such as the burner in a simple manner to different lengths radiant tubes.

Eine gattungsgemäße gasbeheizte Heizungsvorrichtung ist ferner aus der DE 92 07 513 U1 bekannt, die ein u-förmig ausgebildetes Heizstrahlrohr aufweist, dessen anströmseitigem Abschnitt ein Brenner vorgeschaltet und an dessen abströmseitigen Abschnitt ein Sauggebläse angeordnet ist. Das Sauggebläse weist an seiner Austrittsseite eine Bypassleitung auf, die anströmseitig an das Heizstrahlrohr angeschlossen ist und über die ein Teil der Abgase in den anströmseitigen Bereich des Heizstrahlrvhres eingeführt werden, wobei in dem anströmseitigen Bereich des Heizstrahlrohres eine Flamme durch den Brenner erzeugt wird. Es ist bei dieser Heizungsvorrichtung vorgesehen, dass 15 bis 30 Vol.-% der Abgase über die Bypassleitung geführt werden und dass die Bypassleitung drosselbar ist, um die Abgasmenge auf die Ausgestaltung der Heizungsvorrichtung, insbesondere auf die Länge des Heizstrahlrohres einzustellen, so dass unabhängig vom Brenner unterschiedlich gestaltete, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Länge des Heizstrahlrohres variable Heizungsvorrichtungen ausgebildet und im bevorzugten Wirkungsgrad betrieben werden können.A generic gas-fired heating device is further from the DE 92 07 513 U1 known, which has a U-shaped radiant tube, the upstream part of a burner upstream and arranged at the downstream portion of a suction fan. The suction fan has at its outlet side to a bypass line which is connected upstream of the radiant tube and through which a part of the exhaust gases are introduced into the upstream region of the Heizstrahlrvhres, wherein in the upstream region of the radiant tube, a flame is generated by the burner. It is provided in this heating device that 15 to 30 vol .-% of the exhaust gases are passed through the bypass line and that the bypass line can be throttled to adjust the amount of exhaust gas on the configuration of the heating device, in particular to the length of the radiant tube, so that regardless of Burner differently shaped, in particular with regard to the length of the radiant tube variable heating devices can be formed and operated in the preferred efficiency.

Heizungsvorrichtungen der voranstehend beschriebenen Ausgestaltungen werden überwiegend in einem Ein/Aus-Betrieb betrieben, bei dem der Brenner entweder ein- oder ausgeschaltet ist, so dass entweder eine voreingestellte Leistungsabgabe oder keine Leistungsabgabe erfolgt. Der Betrieb dieser Heizungsvorrichtung ist insbesondere durch die vorgesehene Wärmeverteilung im zu beheizenden Raum und die Schadstoffkonzentration der Abgase bestimmt.Heating devices of the embodiments described above are operated predominantly in an on / off operation, in which the burner is either on or off, so that either a preset power output or no power output takes place. The operation of this heating device is determined in particular by the intended heat distribution in the room to be heated and the pollutant concentration of the exhaust gases.

Da die Heizungsvorrichtung in der Regel für den maximalen Wärmebedarf des zu beheizenden Raumes bei niedrigsten Außentemperaturen ausgelegt wird, kommt es bei schwankenden Temperaturen während einer jährlichen Heizperiode zu einem taktenden Betrieb der Heizungsvorrichtung. Hieraus resultieren Komforteinbußen durch Schwankungen der Raumtemperatur sowie daraus resultierende Energieverluste des Gebäudes, die in der Regel durch aufwändige Dämmmaßnahmen ausgeglichen werden müssen. Die Heizungsvorrichtung und ihre Bauteile unterliegen durch den taktenden Betrieb mit häufigen Aufheiz- und Abkühlvorgängen einer relativ hohen Belastung und damit auch einem erhöhten Verschleiß der Bauteile.Since the heating device is usually designed for the maximum heat demand of the room to be heated at lowest outdoor temperatures, it comes with fluctuating temperatures during an annual heating period to a cyclic operation of the heating device. This results in loss of comfort due to fluctuations in the room temperature and resulting energy losses of the building, which usually have to be compensated by elaborate insulation measures. The heating device and its components are subject by the cyclic operation with frequent heating and cooling processes a relatively high load and thus an increased wear of the components.

Eine Leistungsanpassung durch einen mehrstufigen oder stufenlos modulierenden Betrieb der Heizungsvorrichtung ist durch enge physikalische Grenzen nicht problemlos steuerbar. Wird etwa die Gasbelastung ohne Anpassung der Luftförderleistung reduziert, so kommt es zu höheren Luftüberschüssen und damit tendenziell höheren Abgasverlusten der Heizungsvonichtung. Ferner verkürzt sich durch einen hohen Luftüberschuss die Flammenlänge erheblich, so dass es auch zu einer verschlechterten Wärmeverteilung innerhalb des Heizstrahlrohres und damit zu einer ungünstigeren Strahlungsverteilung im zu beheizenden Raum kommt.A power adjustment by a multi-stage or continuously modulating operation of the heating device is not easily controlled by tight physical limits. If, for example, the gas load is reduced without adjusting the air flow rate, higher air surpluses and, thus, higher exhaust gas losses of the heating device tend to occur. Furthermore, the flame length is shortened considerably by a high excess of air, so that there is also a deteriorated heat distribution within the radiant tube and thus a less favorable radiation distribution in the room to be heated.

Wird andererseits mit der Gasbelastung auch die Luftförderleistung reduziert, so kommt es aufgrund der großen Wärmeübertragungsflächen und hohen Wärmekapazitäten der Heizungsvorrichtung zu einer unerwünschten Kondensation. Ferner gestaltet sich die Ausgestaltung der erforderlichen Luftmangelsicherung aufwändiger.If, on the other hand, the gas delivery also reduces the air delivery rate, undesirable condensation occurs due to the large heat transfer surfaces and the high heat capacities of the heating device. Furthermore, the design of the required air deficiency protection elaborate.

Ausgehend von dem voranstehend beschrieben Stand der Technik und den damit verbunden Nachteilen liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Heizungsvorrichtung der gattungsgemäßen Art sowie ein Verfahren zu ihrem Betrieb derart weiterzuentwickeln, dass eine Leistungsanpassung der Heizungsvorrichtung ohne die voranstehend beschriebene Nachteile in konstruktiv einfacher Weise möglich ist, wobei in allen Leistungsbereichen bei geringen Abgasverlusten eine optimale Wärmeverteilung und damit ein hoher thermischer Komfort im zu beheizenden Raum bei geringen Energieverlusten erreicht und die Schadstoffkonzentration der Abgase deutlich gesenkt und gleichzeitig unerwünschte Kondensationseffekte vermieden werden, so dass die Lebensdauer der erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsvorrichtung deutlich verlängert wird.Based on the above-described prior art and the associated disadvantages, the invention has the object , a heating device of the generic type and a method for their operation further develop such that a power adjustment of the heating device without the disadvantages described above in a structurally simple manner is possible, with optimal thermal distribution and thus a high thermal comfort in the room to be heated with low energy losses achieved in all performance areas with low exhaust gas losses and significantly reduces the pollutant concentration of the exhaust gases while avoiding unwanted condensation effects, so that significantly extends the life of the heating device according to the invention becomes.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsvorrichtung dadurch erzielt, dass die Abgasrückführeinrichtung in Abhängigkeit der Leistungsstufen des Brenners derart gesteuert ist, dass der Volumenstrom des rückgeführten Abgases mit zunehmender Leistungsstufe des Brenners reduziert wird.The solution to this problem is achieved in a heating device according to the invention characterized in that the exhaust gas recirculation device is controlled in response to the power levels of the burner such that the volume flow of the recirculated exhaust gas is reduced with increasing power level of the burner.

Seitens des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Betrieb einer Heizungsvorrichtung ist als Lösung vorgesehen, dass die Abgasrückführeinrichtung in Abhängigkeit der Leistungsstufen des Brenners derart gesteuert wird, dass der Volumenstrom des rückgeführten Abgases mit zunehmender Leistungsstufe des Brenners reduziert wird.On the part of the inventive method for operating a heating device is provided as a solution that the exhaust gas recirculation device is controlled in response to the power levels of the burner such that the volume flow of the recirculated exhaust gas is reduced with increasing power level of the burner.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausgestalturlgen und Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsvorrichtung sowie des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the subclaims and the following description of Ausgestalturlgen and developments of the heating device according to the invention and the method according to the invention.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsvorrichtung ist somit vorgesehen, dass bei einer Leistungsreduktion durch Reduktion der Gasbelastung gleichzeitig ein Teil des Abgases in die angesaugte Frischluft oder direkt in das Heizstrahlrohr im Anschluss an den Brenner eingeführt wird und im Heizstrahlrohr rezirkuliert, Der Volumenstrom der zurückgeführten Abgase kann zum Beispiel mittels eines als Volumenstromregeleinrichtung ausgebildeten Stellgliedes reguliert werden, das in einer Abgasrückführeinrichtung zwischen einer Frischluftleitung, mit einem in der Regel niedrigen Druckniveau und einer am dem Brenner abgewandten Ende des Heizstrahlrohres angeordneten Abgasleitung mit einem in der Regel höheren Druckniveau angeordnet ist. Das Stellglied kann beispielsweise elektrisch und gleichzeitig mit einem Signal zur Leistungsabsenkung des Brenners angesteuert werden. Hierdurch ist ein zusätzlicher Antrieb zur Förderung des rückgeführten Abgases nicht unbedingt erforderlich,In the heating device according to the invention is thus provided that at a power reduction by reducing the gas load at the same time a part of the exhaust gas is introduced into the fresh air sucked or directly into the radiant tube following the burner and recirculated in the radiant tube, the volume flow of the recirculated exhaust gases, for example be regulated by means of a designed as a flow control device actuator, which in an exhaust gas recirculation device between a fresh air line, with a in the Usually low pressure level and arranged at the end remote from the burner of the radiant tube exhaust pipe is arranged with a generally higher pressure level. The actuator can be controlled, for example, electrically and simultaneously with a signal for lowering the power of the burner. As a result, an additional drive to promote the recirculated exhaust gas is not necessarily required

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Gebläse eingangsseitig des Brenners angeordnet, so dass sowohl die für die Verbrennung erforderliche Frischluft, als auch rezirkulierende Abgase in den Brenner und damit in das nachgeschaltete Heizstrahlrohr gedrückt werden. An der Einlassseite des Gebläses ist eine Ansaugleitung zur Ansaugung der Frischluft aus dem Raum oder mittels einer Dachdurchführung von außen angeordnet. In der Ansaugleitung herrscht ein geringer Unterdruck gegenüber der Atmosphäre.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fan is arranged on the input side of the burner, so that both the fresh air required for the combustion, as well as recirculating exhaust gases are pressed into the burner and thus into the downstream radiant tube. On the inlet side of the fan, a suction line for sucking the fresh air from the room or by means of a roof duct from the outside is arranged. In the intake pipe there is a slight negative pressure relative to the atmosphere.

Die am Ende des Heizstrahlrohres angeordnete Abgasleitung dient der Abführung der Abgase beispielsweise über ein Dach des zu beheizenden Gebäudes. In dieser Abgasleitung besteht ein geringer Überdruck gegenüber der Atmosphäre. Zwischen die Ansaugleitung und die Abgasleitung ist eine kurze temperaturbeständige Verbindungsleitung angeordnet, die als Stellglied beispielsweise eine elektromotorisch angetriebene und beispielsweise thermisch gesteuerte Abgasklappe aufweist.The arranged at the end of the radiant tube exhaust pipe is used to dissipate the exhaust gases, for example, a roof of the building to be heated. In this exhaust pipe, there is a slight overpressure to the atmosphere. Between the intake pipe and the exhaust pipe, a short temperature-resistant connecting line is arranged, which has as an actuator, for example, an electric motor driven and, for example, thermally controlled exhaust flap.

Der gasbetriebene Brenner enthält in der bevorzugten Ausführung ein zwei- oder mehrstufiges Magnetventil für die Zuführung des Brennstoffs, dessen Stufen je nach Wärmebedarf von einem Raumtemperaturregler angesteuert werden.The gas-fired burner contains in the preferred embodiment, a two- or multi-stage solenoid valve for the supply of fuel whose stages are controlled by a room temperature controller depending on the heat demand.

In einer großen Leistungsstufe der Heizungsvorrichtung wird durch den Brenner eine lang gestreckte Flamme im Heizstrahlrohr erzeugt, die zu einer günstigen Wärmeverteilung führt. In dieser Leistungsstufe wird kein Abgas oder nur eine geringere Abgasmenge von beispielsweise 0 bis 30 Vol.-% des zur Verfügung stehenden Abgases über die Abgasrückführeinrichtung in das Heizstrahlrohr, beispielsweise über die Frischluftleitung des Brenners rückgeführt. Die Emission an bei der Verbrennung thermisch gebildeten umweltschädlichen Stickstoffoxiden wird in diesem Zustand aufgrund der besonderen Flammenausbildung durch die Flammenlänge (Verweilzeit) und Flammentemperatur bestimmt. Die Flammentemperatur liegt zwangsläufig relativ hoch, um eine hohe Temperatur Heizstrahlrohr zu erzeugen.In a large power stage of the heating device is produced by the burner, an elongated flame in the radiant tube, which leads to a favorable heat distribution. In this performance level is no exhaust gas or only a smaller amount of exhaust gas, for example, 0 to 30 vol .-% of the available Exhaust gas via the exhaust gas recirculation device in the radiant tube, for example, returned via the fresh air line of the burner. The emission of environmentally harmful nitrogen oxides thermally formed during combustion is determined in this state by the flame length (residence time) and flame temperature due to the particular flame formation. The flame temperature is inevitably relatively high to produce a high temperature radiant tube.

In einer kleineren Leistungsstufe wird durch Öffnen der Volumensiromregeleinrichtung, beispielsweise der Abgasklappe in der Abgasrfickführeinhchtung ein größerer Volumenstrom der Abgase von beispielsweise 20 bis 60 Vol,-% des zur Verfügung stehenden Abgases in das Heizstrahlrohr, beispielsweise über die Frischluftleitung des Brenners rückgeführt und im Ventilator mit der Frischluft vermischt und dem Brenner und/oder dem Heizstrahlrohr zugeführt. Ohne Beimischung der Abgase würde die Flammenlänge in der kleineren Leistungsstufe aufgrund des hohen Luftüberschusses drastisch zurückgehen, so dass im Heizstrahlrohr eine verschlechterte Wärmeverteilung und höhere Abgasverluste entstehen würde. Durch die erfindungsgemäße leistungsabhängige Abgasrezirkulation wird durch die Abgasbeimischung aufgrund des geringeren lokalen Sauerstoffangebots die Flamme bei reduzierter Flammentemperatur verlängert und eine sehr günstige Wärmeverteilung bei reduzierter Strahlungsleistung erzielt.In a smaller power level, a larger volumetric flow of the exhaust gases of, for example, 20 to 60 vol% of the available exhaust gas in the radiant tube, for example, via the fresh air line of the burner is returned by opening the Volumensiromregeleinrichtung, such as the exhaust flap in Abgasffickführeinchtcht in the fan the fresh air mixed and fed to the burner and / or the radiant tube. Without admixture of the exhaust gases, the flame length would decrease drastically in the smaller power stage due to the high excess air, so that in the radiant tube deteriorated heat distribution and higher exhaust gas losses would arise. Due to the inventive performance-dependent exhaust gas recirculation is extended by the addition of exhaust gas due to the lower local oxygen supply, the flame at a reduced flame temperature and achieved a very favorable heat distribution with reduced radiant power.

Durch die Abgasrezirkulation in der kleineren Leistungsstufe werden ferner die Abgasverluste des Brenners im Vergleich zur höheren Leistungsstufe konstant gehalten oder sogar weiter reduziert. Als weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung wird der Ausstoß, an Stickstoffoxiden des Brenners aufgrund der reduzierten Verbrennungstemperatur und des geringeren Sauerstoffpartialdruckes in der Flamme in der kleineren Leistungsstufe deutlich reduziert. Über eine gesamte Heizperiode kann die Schadstofffracht je nach Abgasbeimischrate um bis zu 50% reduziert werden.By the exhaust gas recirculation in the smaller power level also the exhaust gas losses of the burner compared to the higher power level are kept constant or even further reduced. As a further advantage of the invention, the output of nitrogen oxides of the burner is significantly reduced due to the reduced combustion temperature and the lower oxygen partial pressure in the flame in the smaller power stage. Over a whole heating period, the pollutant load can be reduced by up to 50%, depending on the exhaust gas admixture rate.

Neben der voranstehenden Beschreibung des Betriebs des Brenners in zwei Leistungsstufen besteht auch die Möglichkeit, dass der Brenner modulierend in Leistungsstufen betreibbar ist. Demzufolge besteht die Möglichkeit, dass der Brenner stufenlos in seiner Leistung variiert wird und gleichzeitig wird auch das rezirkulierende Abgas entsprechend der Leistungsstufe dem Heizstrahlrohr zugeführt, wobei wiederum eine gleichzeitige Steuerung des Brenners und der Abgasrückführeinrichtung vorgenommen wird.In addition to the above description of the operation of the burner in two power levels, there is also the possibility that the burner is modulating in power levels operable. Accordingly, there is the possibility that the burner is infinitely varied in its performance and at the same time the recirculating exhaust gas according to the power level is supplied to the radiant tube, in turn, a simultaneous control of the burner and the exhaust gas recirculation device is made.

Die Abgasrückführeinrichtung weist vorzugsweise eine Volumenstromregeleinrichtung für den Volumenstrom des rückgeführten Abgases auf. Die Volumenstromregeleinrichtung kann beispielsweise als Bypassventil ausgebildet sein, das in eine Abgasrückführleitung eingesetzt und hinsichtlich seines Durchlasses steuerbar ist. Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, dass die Volumenstromregeleinrichtung die Leistung, insbesondere die Drehzahl des Gebläses steuert, so dass beispielsweise über eine Erhöhung der Drehzahl des Gebläses ein größerer Volumenstrom Abgas angesaugt und dem Heizstrahlrohr zugeführt wird. Eine weitere Alternative sieht vor, dass die Volumenstromrageleinrichtung eine Klappe und/oder einen Schieber aufweist, die bzw. der in der Abgasrückführleitung angeordnet ist und bei einer bestimmten Leistung des Brenners schließt. Die voranstehend dargestellten Volumenstromregeleinrichtungen können auch in Kombination vorgesehen sein, wobei sich insbesondere eine Kombination aus einer Drehzahlregelung des Gebläses und einer Volumenstromregeleinrichtung in Form eines Bypassventils oder einer Klappe und/oder eines Schiebers als vorteilhaft erwiesen hat.The exhaust gas recirculation device preferably has a volume flow control device for the volume flow of the recirculated exhaust gas. The volume flow control device may be formed, for example, as a bypass valve, which is inserted into an exhaust gas recirculation line and controllable with respect to its passage. There is also the possibility that the volume flow control device controls the power, in particular the speed of the blower, so that, for example, an increase in the speed of the blower, a larger volume flow sucked exhaust gas and the radiant tube is supplied. Another alternative provides that the Volumenstromrageleinrichtung comprises a flap and / or a slider which is arranged in the exhaust gas recirculation line and closes at a certain power of the burner. The above-described volume flow control devices may also be provided in combination, with a combination of a speed control of the blower and a volume flow control device in the form of a bypass valve or a flap and / or a slide has proven to be advantageous.

Soweit der Brenner zwei Leistungsstufen aufweist, hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, dass die Abgasrückführeinrichtung in einer Leistungsstufe aktiviert und in einer weiteren Leistungsstufe deaktiviert ist. In der Regel ist die Abgasrückführeinrichtung in der höheren der beiden Leistungsstufen des Brenners deaktiviert, während die Abgasrückführeinrichtung in der geringeren der beiden Leistungsstufen des Brenners aktiviert ist, um einen vorstimmten Volumenstrom Abgas in das Heizstrahlrohr zurückzuführen.As far as the burner has two power levels, it has proved to be advantageous that the exhaust gas recirculation device is activated in one power level and deactivated in another power level. In general, the exhaust gas recirculation device is deactivated in the higher of the two power levels of the burner, while the exhaust gas recirculation device is activated in the lower of the two power levels of the burner to return a pre-determined volume flow of exhaust gas in the radiant tube.

Wie bereits voranstehend ausgeführt kann das Gebläse sowohl an einem dem Brenner gegenüberliegenden Ende des Heizstrahlrohres oder gemeinsam mit dem Brenner an einem Ende des Heizstrahlrohres angeordnet sein. Ist das Gebläse an einem dem Brenner gegenüberliegenden Ende des Heizstrahlrohres angeordnet, so erzeugt das Gebläse einen Unterdruck im Heizstrahlrohr, so dass die Abgase abgesaugt und dann gegebenenfalls im Bereich des den Brenner aufweisenden Endes des Heizstrahlrohres diesem wieder zugeführt werden. Ist das Gebläse mit dem Brenner an einem Ende des Heizstrahlrohres angeordnet, so erzeugt das Gebläse im Bereich des Heizstrahlrohres einen Überdruck, wobei das Gebläse dann sowohl für die Zufuhr der Frischluft als auch für das Zuführen des zu rezirkulierenden Abgases vorgesehen ist. Selbstverständlich besteht auch hier die Möglichkeit, dass eine erfindungsgemäße Heizungsvorrichtung bei entsprechend langen Heizstrahlrohren mit zwei Gebläsen ausgebildet ist, von denen ein Gebläse an einem dem Brenner gegenüberliegenden Ende des Heizstrahlrohres und ein Gebläse mit dem Brenner an einem Ende des Heizstrahlrohres angeordnet ist.As already stated above, the fan can be arranged both at one end of the radiant tube opposite the burner or together with the burner at one end of the radiant tube. If the blower is arranged at an end of the radiant tube opposite the burner, the blower generates a negative pressure in the radiant tube, so that the exhaust gases are sucked off and then optionally returned to the end of the radiant tube in the area of the burner. If the fan is arranged with the burner at one end of the radiant tube, the fan generates an overpressure in the region of the radiant tube, wherein the blower is then provided both for the supply of fresh air and for the supply of the exhaust gas to be recirculated. Of course, there is also the possibility that a heating device according to the invention is formed with correspondingly long radiant tubes with two fans, of which a fan is arranged at an opposite end of the burner radiant tube and a fan with the burner at one end of the radiant tube.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass zumindest zwei Heizstrahlrohre gegenläufig angeordnet sind und jeweils einen Brenner aufweisen, wobei die Heizstrahlrohre jeweils eine Abgasrückführeinrichtung haben, über die Abgase in das jeweils gegenüberliegend angeordnete Heizstrahlrohr eingeleitet werden. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Heizstrahlrohre in der Regel linear ausgebildet, wobei die beiden Brenner an diametral gegenüberliegend angeordneten Enden der Heizstrahlrohre angeordnet sind, so dass das freie Ende des ersten Heizstrahlrohres im Bereich des Endes des zweiten Heizstrahirohres angeordnet ist, an dem im zweiten Heizstrahlrohr der Brenner montiert ist. Am Ende des ersten Heizstrahlrohres ist die Abgasrückführeinrichtung des ersten Heizstrahlrohres angeordnet, über welche das vom Brenner des ersten Heizstrahlrohres erzeugte Abgas in den Bereich zwischen dem Brenner und das zweite Heizstrahlrohr eingeführt wird. Gleiches gilt hinsichtlich des Endes des zweiten Heizstrahlrohres, das im Bereich des Endes mit dem Brenner des ersten Heizstrahlrohres angeordnet ist und ebenfalls eine Abgasrückführeinrichtung aufweist, über die das Abgas des zweiten Heizstrahlrohres in den Bereich zwischen dem Brenner und dem ersten Heizstrahlrohr in das erste Heizstrahlrohr eingeführt wird.In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that at least two radiant tubes are arranged in opposite directions and each having a burner, wherein the radiant tubes each have an exhaust gas recirculation device are introduced via the exhaust gases in the respective oppositely disposed radiant tube. In this embodiment of the invention, the radiant tubes are generally formed linearly, wherein the two burners are arranged at diametrically opposite ends of the radiant tubes, so that the free end of the first radiant tube is disposed in the region of the end of the second Heizstrahubehres, at the second Radiant tube of the burner is mounted. At the end of the first radiant tube, the exhaust gas recirculation device of the first radiant tube is arranged, via which the exhaust gas generated by the burner of the first radiant tube is introduced into the region between the burner and the second radiant tube. The same applies with regard to the end of the second radiant tube, which is arranged in the region of the end with the burner of the first radiant tube and also has an exhaust gas recirculation device via which the exhaust gas of the second radiant tube in the area is introduced between the burner and the first radiant tube in the first radiant tube.

Grundsätzlich ist diese Ausgestaltung einer Heizungsvorrichtung auch ohne eine leistungsabhängige Einführung der Abgase in die entsprechenden Heizstrahlrohre funktionsfähig. Es hat sich aber gezeigt, dass auch bei dieser Ausgestaltung der Heizungsvorrichtung eine leistungsabhängige Rezirkulation der Abgase von Vorteil ist.Basically, this embodiment of a heating device without a power-dependent introduction of the exhaust gases in the corresponding radiant tubes is functional. However, it has been shown that in this embodiment of the heating device, a performance-dependent recirculation of the exhaust gases is beneficial.

Eine Weiterbildung dieser Ausgestaltung der Heizungsvorrichtung sieht vor, dass die Heizstrahlrohre parallel zueinander verlaufend ausgerichtet sind. Vorzugsweise sind beide Heizstrahlrohre in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse angeordnet, so dass beide Heizstrahlrohre über einen gemeinsamen Reflektor die Wärmeenergie gerichtet in den zu beheizenden Raum abgeben. Selbstverständlich besteht auch die Möglichkeit, dass die beiden parallel zueinander ausgerichteten Heizstrahlrohre in unterschiadlichen Gehäuse angeordnet sind, die jeweils einen Reflektor haben, wobei die Reflektoren in unterschiedliche Richtungen ausgerichtet sein können, um eine gezielte Wärmeabgabe beider Heizstrahlrohre in unterschiedliche Bereiche zu ermöglichen.A development of this embodiment of the heating device provides that the radiant tubes are aligned parallel to each other. Preferably, both radiant tubes are arranged in a common housing, so that both radiator pipes directed via a common reflector, the heat energy directed into the room to be heated. Of course, there is also the possibility that the two parallel aligned radiant tubes are arranged in unterschiadlichen housing, each having a reflector, the reflectors can be aligned in different directions to allow targeted heat dissipation of the radiant tubes in different areas.

Eine weitere Ausgestaltung dieser vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsvorrichtung sieht vor, dass die Abgasrückführeinrichtungen in Abhängigkeit der Leistung des Brenners des gegenläufigen Heizstrahlrohres steuerbar sind. Vorzugsweise sieht eine Weiterbildung vor, dass die Abgasrückführeinrichtungen der gegenläufigen Heizstrahlrohre unabhängig voneinander steuerbar sind.A further embodiment of this advantageous embodiment of the heating device according to the invention provides that the exhaust gas recirculation devices are controllable in dependence on the power of the burner of the counter-rotating radiant tube. Preferably, a development provides that the exhaust gas recirculation devices of the counter-rotating radiant tubes are independently controllable.

Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Abgasrückführeinrichtung ein Messelement aufweist, mit dem Parameter, wie Temperatur, Abgaswerte, Volumenstrom oder dergleichen gemessen und zur Steuerung der Abgasrückführeinrichtung verwendet werden. Wird über ein derartiges Messelement beispielsweise ein unzulässiger Abgaswert ermittelt, so können die Abgasrückführeinrichtungen kurzfristig unabhängig von der Leistungsstufe beeinflusst werden, um die erforderlichen Parameter, wie Temperatur, Abgaswerte, Volumenstrom oder dergleichen in einen voreingestellten Bereich zu überführen, der einen optimalen Betrieb der erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsvorrichtung ermöglicht.According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the exhaust gas recirculation device has a measuring element with which parameters such as temperature, exhaust gas values, volume flow or the like are measured and used to control the exhaust gas recirculation device. If, for example, an impermissible exhaust gas value is determined via such a measuring element, then the exhaust gas recirculation devices can be influenced for a short time independently of the power level be in order to convert the required parameters such as temperature, exhaust gas emissions, flow or the like in a preset range, which allows optimum operation of the heating device according to the invention.

Eine Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsvonichtung sieht vor, dass die Volumenstromregeleinrichtung elektrisch und/oder thermisch ansteuerbar ist. Eine elektrische Ansteuerung der Volumenstromregeleiridchtung führt zu einer konstruktiv einfachen Ausgestaltung der Abgasrückführeinrichtung und ermöglicht die gleichzeitige Ansteuerung der Leistungsstufen des Brenners und der Abgasrückführeinrichtung. Über ein thermisches Schaltelement können darüber hinaus zeitverzögerte Schaltungen vorgesehen sein, die erst bei Erreichen einer vorbestimmten Temperatur im Abgasstrom bzw, im Heizstrahlrohr ausgelöst werden. Vorzugsweise ist die Volumenstromregeleinrichtung zeitgleich mit einer Leistungsregeleinrichtung des Brenners ansteuerbar.A further development of the heating device according to the invention provides that the volume flow control device can be controlled electrically and / or thermally. An electrical control of the Volumenstromregeleiridchtung leads to a structurally simple embodiment of the exhaust gas recirculation device and allows the simultaneous control of the power levels of the burner and the exhaust gas recirculation device. About a thermal switching element, moreover, time-delayed circuits can be provided, which are triggered only when reaching a predetermined temperature in the exhaust stream or in the radiant tube. Preferably, the volume flow control device can be controlled simultaneously with a power control device of the burner.

Die voranstehend beschriebenen Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsvorrichtung treffen im Wesentlichen auch auf das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zu, so dass hinsichtlich der Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens auf die voranstehenden Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsvorrichtung verwiesen werden kann.The above-described advantages of the heating device according to the invention apply essentially also to the method according to the invention, so that with regard to the embodiments of the method according to the invention, reference may be made to the above advantages of the heating device according to the invention.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der zugehörigen Zeichnung, in der bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Heizungsvorrichtung nach der Erfindung dargestellt sind, In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Figur 1
eine erste Ausführungsform einer Heizungsvorrichtung in perspektivischer Ansicht;
Figur 2
einen Abschnitt einer zweiten Ausführungsform einer Heizungsvorrichtung in einer perspektivischen Ansicht;
Figur 3
einen Abschnitt einer dritten Ausführungsform einer Heizungsvorrichtung in einer perspektivischen Ansicht;
Figur 4
eine vierte Ausführungsform einer Heizungsvorrichtung in perspektivischer Ansicht;
Figur 5
eine fünfte Ausführungsform eines Abschnitts einer Heizungsvorrichtung in perspektivischer Ansicht und
Figur 6
eine sechste Ausführungsform eines Abschnitts einer Heizungsvorrichtung in perspektivischer Ansicht.
Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the accompanying drawings, are shown in the preferred embodiments of the heating device according to the invention, in the drawing show:
FIG. 1
a first embodiment of a heating device in a perspective view;
FIG. 2
a section of a second embodiment of a heating device in a perspective view;
FIG. 3
a section of a third embodiment of a heating device in a perspective view;
FIG. 4
a fourth embodiment of a heating device in a perspective view;
FIG. 5
a fifth embodiment of a portion of a heating device in perspective view and
FIG. 6
a sixth embodiment of a portion of a heating device in a perspective view.

In Figur 1 ist eine erste Ausführungsform einer Heizungsvorrichtung in perspektivischer Ansicht dargestellt. Die Heizungsvorrichtung besteht aus einem Brenner 1 für die Verbrennung eines insbesondere gasförmigen Energieträgers. Der Brenner 1 ist endseitig an einem Heizstrahlrohr 2 angeflanscht und erzeugt innerhalb des Heizstrahlrohrs 2 bei der Verbrennung des Energieträgers eine Flamme, die sich in das Heizstrahlrohr 2 erstreckt. Das linear ausgebildete Heizstrahlrohr 2 ist in einem Gehäuse 3 angeordnet, welches im Querschnitt trapezförmig ausgebildet ist und eine Öffnung aufweist, über die Wärmestrahlung austreten kann, die durch das Heizstrahlrohr 2 erzeugt wird. Das Gehäuse 3 weist auf seiner nicht näher dargestellten Innenfläche einen Reflektor auf, der die Abstrahlung der Wärmestrahlung unterstützt.In FIG. 1 a first embodiment of a heating device is shown in a perspective view. The heating device consists of a burner 1 for the combustion of a particular gaseous energy carrier. The burner 1 is flanged end to a radiant tube 2 and generated within the radiant tube 2 in the combustion of the energy carrier, a flame which extends into the radiant tube 2. The linearly embodied radiant tube 2 is arranged in a housing 3, which is trapezoidal in cross-section and has an opening through which heat radiation can escape, which is generated by the radiant tube 2. The housing 3 has on its inner surface, not shown, a reflector, which supports the radiation of the heat radiation.

An seinem zweiten Ende 4, welches dem Ende mit dem Brenner 1 gegenüberliegend angeordnet ist, weist das Heizstrahlrohr 2 eine Abgasleitung 5 auf, die parallel zum Heizstrahlrohr 2 außerhalb des Gehäuses 3 geführt ist und in einen Kamin 6 mündet, über den das bei der Verbrennung des Energieträgers entstehende Abgas abgeführt wird.At its second end 4, which is arranged opposite the end with the burner 1, the radiant tube 2 an exhaust pipe 5, which is guided parallel to the radiant tube 2 outside the housing 3 and opens into a chimney 6, over which during combustion the energy carrier resulting exhaust gas is dissipated.

Dem Brenner 1 vorgeschaltet ist ein Gebläse 7, der im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel als Radialventilator ausgebildet ist. Über das Gebläse 7 wird durch den Brenner 1 Frischluft für die Verbrennung im Heizstrahlrohr 2 in das Heizstrahlrohr 2 gefördert, wobei das Gebläse 7 an eine Frischluftleitung 8 angeschlossen ist.The burner 1 is preceded by a fan 7, which is formed in the illustrated embodiment as a radial fan. About the fan 7 is through the Burner 1 conveyed fresh air for combustion in the radiant tube 2 in the radiant tube 2, wherein the blower 7 is connected to a fresh air line 8.

Zwischen der Abgasleitung 5 und der Frischluftleitung 8 ist eine Abgasrückführeinrichtung 9 angeordnet, die aus einer Abgasrückführleitung 10 und einer Volumenstromrageleinrichtung 11 besteht.Between the exhaust pipe 5 and the fresh air line 8, an exhaust gas recirculation device 9 is arranged, which consists of an exhaust gas recirculation line 10 and a volume flow carrier 11.

Die Volumenstromregeleinrichtung 11 weist einen Elektromotor 12 auf, über den eine in Figur 1 nicht näher dargestellte, in der Abgasrückführleitung 10 angeordnete Klappe bewegbar ist.The volume flow control device 11 has an electric motor 12 via which a in FIG. 1 not shown, arranged in the exhaust gas recirculation line 10 flap is movable.

Bei der in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform der Heizungsvorrichtung ist der Brenner 1 in zwei Leistungsstufen betreibbar, wobei die Abgasrückfuhreinrichtung 9 in Abhängigkeit der gewählten Leistungsstufe des Brenners 1 steuerbar ist. Die in der Abgasrückführeinrichtung 9 angeordnete, nicht näher dargestellte Klappe ist bei einem Betrieb des Brenners 1 in der höheren der beiden Leistungsstufen geschlossen, so dass das über die Abgasleitung 5 geführte Abgas vollständig über den Kamin 6 abgeführt wird. Wird der Brenner 1 in die kleinere Leistungsstufe geschaltet, verschwenkt der Elektromotor 12 die in der Abgasrückführleitung 10 angeordnete und nicht näher dargestellte Klappe derart, dass ein Teil des Abgases aus der Abgasleitung 5 über die Abgasrückführleitung 10 der Frischluft in der Frischluftleitung 8 beigemischt und über das Gebläse 7 in den Brenner 1 und das Heizstrahlrohr 2 eingeblasen wird.At the in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment of the heating device, the burner 1 is operable in two power levels, wherein the exhaust gas recirculation device 9 is controllable in dependence on the selected power level of the burner 1. The arranged in the exhaust gas recirculation device 9, not shown flap is closed in an operation of the burner 1 in the higher of the two power levels, so that the guided via the exhaust pipe 5 exhaust gas is completely discharged through the chimney 6. If the burner 1 is switched to the lower power level, the electric motor 12 pivots the flap arranged in the exhaust gas recirculation line 10 and not shown in detail such that a portion of the exhaust gas from the exhaust pipe 5 via the exhaust gas recirculation line 10 of the fresh air in the fresh air line 8 and admixed Blower 7 is blown into the burner 1 and the radiant tube 2.

In Figur 2 ist eine zweite Ausführungsform einer Heizungsvorrichtung dargestellt, die im Wesentlichen mit der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 1 übereinstimmt, so dass übereinstimmende Bezugszeichen auch übereinstimmende Bauteile kennzeichnen. Im Unterschied zum Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1 weist die Heizungsvorrichtung gemäß Figur 2 ein U-förmig ausgebildetes Heizstrahlrohr 2 auf, welches zwei parallel zueinander innerhalb des Gehäuses 3 verlaufende Rohrabschnitte aufweist, die über ein U-förmiges Verbindungselement miteinander verbunden sind. Demzufolge wird bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 2 auch die Restwärme des Abgases innerhalb des Heizstrahlrohres 2 genutzt und die Abgasleitung 5 ist gegenüber dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1 wesentlich kürzer ausgebildet.In FIG. 2 a second embodiment of a heating device is shown, which substantially with the embodiment according to FIG. 1 matches, so that matching reference numerals also identify matching components. In contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 1 indicates the heating device according to FIG. 2 a U-shaped radiant tube 2, which has two parallel to each other within the housing 3 extending pipe sections which are interconnected via a U-shaped connecting element. Accordingly, in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 also the residual heat of the exhaust gas used within the radiant tube 2 and the exhaust pipe 5 is compared to the embodiment according to FIG. 1 much shorter.

Im Übrigen zeigt Figur 2 die voranstehend in Verbindung mit der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 1 erläuterte, dort aber nicht näher dargestellte Klappe 13, die in er Abgasrückführleitung 10 angeordnet und über den Elektromotor 12 steuerbar ist.Incidentally, shows FIG. 2 the above in connection with the embodiment according to FIG. 1 explained, but not shown there flap 13, which is arranged in he exhaust gas recirculation line 10 and controllable via the electric motor 12.

Eine dritte Ausführungsform einer Heizungsvorrichtung ist in Figur 3 dargestellt. Diese Ausführungsform stimmt im Wesentlichen mit der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 2 überein, so dass auch hier übereinstimmende Bezugszeichen für übereinstimmende Konstruktionselemente verwendet werden.A third embodiment of a heating device is in FIG. 3 shown. This embodiment is substantially consistent with the embodiment according to FIG. 2 match, so that here also matching reference numerals are used for matching construction elements.

Der Unterschied zwischen den Ausführungsformen gemäß Figur 2 und Figur 3 liegt darin, dass das Gebläse 7 bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 2 dem Brenner 1 vorgeschaltet ist und somit die Frischluft und das gegebenenfalls rezirkulierend geführte Abgas in den Brenner 1 und das Heizstrahlrohr 2 drückt, während das Gebläse 7 der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 3 am Ende 4 des Heizstrahlrohres 2 angeordnet ist, so dass über das Gebläse 7 ein Unterdruck im Heizstrahlrohr 2 erzeugt wird.The difference between the embodiments according to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 is that the blower 7 in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 upstream of the burner 1 and thus the fresh air and the possibly recirculated exhaust gas discharged into the burner 1 and the radiant tube 2, while the blower 7 of the embodiment according to FIG. 3 is arranged at the end 4 of the radiant tube 2, so that via the blower 7, a negative pressure in the radiant tube 2 is generated.

In Figur 4 ist eine vierte Ausführungsform einer Heizungsvonichtung dargestellt, die abweichend von den in den Figuren 1 bis 3 dargestellten Ausführungsformen der Heizungsvorrichtungen zwei Heizstrahlrohre 2 aufweist, die parallel zueinander verlaufend in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse 3 angeordnet sind. An gegenüberliegenden Enden weisen die beiden Heizstrahlrohre 2 jeweils einen Brenner 1 auf, so dass sich die von diesen Brennem 1 erzeugten Flammen in entgegengesetzten Richtungen innerhalb der parallelen Heizstrahlrohre 2 erstrecken.In FIG. 4 a fourth embodiment of a heating device is shown, which differs from the in the FIGS. 1 to 3 illustrated embodiments of the heating devices comprises two radiant tubes 2, which are arranged parallel to each other in a common housing 3. At opposite ends, the two radiant tubes 2 each have a burner 1 so that the flames generated by these burners 1 extend in opposite directions within the parallel radiant tubes 2.

Endseitig sind die beiden Heizstrahlrohre 2 jeweils mit einer Abgasleitung 5 verbunden, über die die durch die Verbrennung in den Brennem 1 erzeugten Abgase Kaminen 6 zugeführt werden.At the end, the two radiant tubes 2 are each connected to an exhaust pipe 5, via which the flue gases generated by the combustion in the Brennem 1 chimneys 6 are supplied.

Des Weiteren weist jeder Brenner 1 eine Frischluftieftung 8 auf, über die dem jeweiligen Brenner 1 Frischluft für die Verbrennung zugeführt wird. Die Frischluftleitung 8 ist jeweils an dem Gebläse 7 angeschlossen, das dem jeweiligen Brenner 1 vorgeschaltet istFurthermore, each burner 1 has a fresh-air scavenging 8, via which fresh air for the combustion is supplied to the respective burner 1. The fresh air line 8 is connected in each case to the fan 7, which is connected upstream of the respective burner 1

Es ist in Figur 4 weiterhin zu erkennen, dass zwischen jeder Abgasleitung 5 eines Heizstrahlrohres 2 und der Frischluftleitung 8 des benachbarten Heizstrahlrohres 2 eine Abgasrückführeinrichtung 9 entsprechend der Ausgestaltung gemäß den Figuren 1 bis 3 angeordnet ist. Über diese Abgasrückführeinrichtungen 9 wird das Abgas eines Heizstrahlrohrs 2 dem Gebläse 7 des zweiten, hierzu parallel verlaufenden Heizstrahlrohres 2 zugeführt.It is in FIG. 4 Furthermore, it can be seen that between each exhaust pipe 5 of a radiant tube 2 and the fresh air line 8 of the adjacent radiant tube 2, an exhaust gas recirculation device 9 according to the embodiment according to the FIGS. 1 to 3 is arranged. About this exhaust gas recirculation means 9, the exhaust gas of a radiant tube 2 is supplied to the fan 7 of the second, parallel thereto radiant tube 2.

Grundsätzlich ist die Betriebsweise der Heizungsvomchtung gemäß Figur 4 entsprechend der Betriebsweise der Heizungsvorrichtungen gemäß den Figuren 1 bis 3. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine Heizungsvorrichtung mit hohem Wirkungsgrad, da Wärmeverluste vermieden werden, die durch lange Abgasleitungen bedingt sind.Basically, the operation of the Heizungsvomchtung according to FIG. 4 according to the operation of the heating devices according to the FIGS. 1 to 3 , This results in a heating device with high efficiency, since heat losses are avoided, which are caused by long exhaust pipes.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsvorrichtung ist in Figur 5 dargestellt. Im Unterschied zu den voranstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsformen gemäß den Figuren 1 bis 4 weist diese Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 5 ein zweites Gebläse 7 auf, welches in die Abgasleitung 5 geschaltet und als Radialgebläse ausgebildet ist. Die Leistung dieses Gebläses 7 in der Abgasleitung 5 ist in Abhängigkeit der Leistungsstufe des Brenners 1 variabel, so dass das Gebläse 7 in der Abgasleitung 5 einen hohen Anteil Abgas in den Brenner 1 und das nachgeschaltete Heizstrahlrohr 2 einbläst, soweit der Brenner 1 in der kleineren der beiden Leistungsstufen betrieben wird. Wird der Brenner 1 in die höhere der beiden Leistungsstufen geschaltet, so wird das Gebläse 7 in der Abgasleitung 5 in seiner Leistung reduziert oder abgeschaltet, so dass das über die Abgasleitung 5 dem Gebläse 7 zugeführte Abgas über den Kamin 6 entweichen kann.Another embodiment of a heating device according to the invention is in FIG. 5 shown. In contrast to the embodiments described above according to the FIGS. 1 to 4 This embodiment is according to FIG FIG. 5 a second fan 7, which is connected in the exhaust pipe 5 and formed as a radial fan. The performance of this fan 7 in the exhaust pipe 5 is variable depending on the power level of the burner 1, so that the fan 7 in the exhaust pipe 5 a high proportion of exhaust gas in the burner 1 and the downstream radiant tube 2 blows, as far as the burner 1 in the smaller the two power levels is operated. If the burner 1 is switched to the higher of the two power stages, then the fan 7 in the exhaust pipe 5 is reduced or switched off in its power, so that the exhaust gas supplied via the exhaust pipe 5 to the fan 7 can escape via the chimney 6.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsvorrichtung ist in Figur 6 dargestellt. Im Wesentlichen stimmt diese Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 6 mit der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 5 bzw. den Ausführungsformen gemäß den Figuren 2 und 3 überein. Im Unterschied zu den voranstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsformen gemäß den Figuren 2, 3 und 5 weist die Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 6 eine elektromagnetisch gesteuerte Klappe auf, so dass die Vojumenstromregeieinrichtung 11 einen Elektromagneten hat, mit dem die Klappe in Abhängigkeit der Leistungsstufen des Brenners 1 verstellbar ist.Another embodiment of a heating device according to the invention is in FIG. 6 shown. In essence, this embodiment is in accordance with FIG. 6 with the embodiment according to FIG. 5 or the embodiments according to the Figures 2 and 3 match. In contrast to the embodiments described above according to the Figures 2 . 3 and 5 The embodiment according to FIG FIG. 6 an electromagnetically controlled flap, so that the Vojumenstromregeieinrichtung 11 has an electromagnet with which the flap in dependence on the power levels of the burner 1 is adjustable.

Neben den voranstehend beschriebenen und in den Figuren 1 bis 6 dargestellten Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Heizungsvorrichtung sind weitere Ausführungsformen denkbar, die beispielsweise in der Volumenstromregeleinrichtung 11 ein Bypassventil aufweisen, welches in Abhängigkeit der Leistungsstufe des Brenners 1 ansteuerbar ist. Selbstverständlich besteht auch die Möglichkeit, mehrere der voranstehend genannten Stellglieder der Volumenstromregeleinrichtung 11 miteinander zu kombinieren. Insbesondere hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, das zweite Gebläse 7 in der Abgasleitung gemäß Figur 5 mit einem weiteren Stellglied in der Volumenstromregeleinrichtung 11 zu kombinieren.In addition to those described above and in the FIGS. 1 to 6 illustrated embodiments of the heating device according to the invention further embodiments are conceivable, for example, have a bypass valve in the volume flow control device 11, which is controllable in dependence on the power level of the burner 1. Of course, it is also possible to combine several of the aforementioned actuators of the volume flow control device 11 with each other. In particular, it has proved to be advantageous, the second fan 7 in the exhaust pipe according to FIG. 5 to combine with another actuator in the volume flow control device 11.

Claims (37)

  1. Heating apparatus comprising at least one burner for the combustion of a, in particular gaseous, energy carrier, at least one radiant heat pipe adjoining the burner, at least one blower producing a reduced pressure or an increased pressure in the radiant heat pipe and at least one exhaust gas recycling device with at least one exhaust gas recycling conduit, through which exhaust gas produced in the combustion of the primary energy carrier may be recycled from the radiant heat pipe into a transition region from the burner into the radiant heat pipe, wherein the burner (1) is operable at at least two output levels, characterised in that the exhaust gas recycling device (9) is controlled in dependence on the output levels of the burner (1) such that the flow rate of the recycled exhaust gas is reduced with increasing output level of the burner (1).
  2. Heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the burner (1) is operable in a modulating manner at output levels.
  3. Heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the exhaust gas recycling device (9) includes a flow rate control device (11) for the flow rate of the recycled exhaust gas.
  4. Heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 3, characterised in that the flow rate control device (11) is constructed as a bypass valve.
  5. Heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 3, characterised in that the output, particularly the speed, of the blower (7) is controllable by means of the flow rate control device (11).
  6. Heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 3, characterised in that the flow rate control device (11) includes a flap (13) and/or a slide valve, which is arranged in the exhaust gas recycling conduit (10) and closes at a predetermined output of the burner (1).
  7. Heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the burner (1) has two output levels and that the exhaust gas recycling device (9) is activated at one output level.
  8. Heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the blower (7) is arranged at an end (4) of the radiant heat pipe (2) opposite to the burner (1).
  9. Heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the blower (7) is arranged with the burner (1) at one end of the radiant heat pipe (2).
  10. Heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that at least two radiant heat pipes (2) are arranged in the opposite sense and have a respective burner (1), wherein the radiant heat pipes (2) have a respective exhaust gas recycling device (9), through which the exhaust gases are introduced into the respective oppositely arranged radiant heat pipe (2).
  11. Heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 10, characterised in that the radiant heat pipes (2) are directed to extend parallel to one another.
  12. Heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 10, characterised in that the burners (1) are arranged at opposite ends of the oppositely directed radiant heat pipes (2).
  13. Heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 10, characterised in that the exhaust gas return devices (9) are controllable in dependence on the output of the burner of the oppositely directed radiant heat pipe (2).
  14. Heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 10, characterised in that the exhaust gas recycling devices (9) of the oppositely directed radiant heat pipes (2) are controllable independently of one another.
  15. Heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the exhaust gas recycling device (9) includes a measuring element, with which parameters, such as temperature, exhaust gas values, flow rate or the like are measured and are used to control the exhaust gas recycling device (9).
  16. Heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 3, characterised in that the flow rate control device (11) is electrically and/or thermally controllable.
  17. Heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 3, characterised in that the flow rate control device (11) is controllable simultaneously with an output control device of the burner (1).
  18. Heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the blower (7) is connected via an inlet conduit to the end of the radiant heat pipe (2) remote from the burner (1).
  19. Heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that, in order to activate the output levels, the burner (1) includes a magnetic valve, which has a number of switching stages which is the same as the number of the output levels.
  20. Heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the switching stages of the magnetic valve are controllable by means of a temperature controller.
  21. A method of operating a heating apparatus, in which a, in particular gaseous, energy carrier is combusted in a burner and a flame is produced in at least one radiant heat pipe adjoining the burner, which flame heats the radiant heat pipe, in which a reduced pressure or an increased pressure is produced in the at least one radiant heat pipe by means of a blower and in which exhaust gas produced in the combustion of the energy carrier is recycled through at least one exhaust gas recycling device with at least one exhaust gas recycling conduit from the radiant heat pipe into a transition region from the burner into the radiant heat pipe, the burner (1) being operated at at least two output levels, characterised in that the exhaust gas recycling device (9) is controlled in dependence on the output levels of the burner (1) such that the flow rate of the recycled exhaust gas is reduced with increasing output level of the burner (1).
  22. A method as claimed in Claim 21, characterised in that the burner (1) is operated in a modulating manner at output levels.
  23. A method as claimed in Claim 21, characterised in that a flow rate control device (11) for the flow rate of the recycled exhaust gas is controlled by means of the exhaust gas recycling device (9).
  24. A method as claimed in Claim 23, characterised in that the output, particularly the speed, of the blower (7) is controlled by means of the flow rate control device (11).
  25. A method as claimed in Claim 23, characterised in that a flap (13) and/or a gate valve, which is arranged in the exhaust gas recycling conduit (10), is controlled by means of the flow rate control device (11) and is closed at a predetermined output of the burner (1).
  26. A method as claimed in Claim 21, characterised in that the burner (1) is operated at two output levels and that the exhaust gas recycling device (9) is activated at one output level.
  27. A method as claimed in Claim 21, characterised in that exhaust gases from a first radiant heat pipe (2) with a first burner (1) are introduced via an exhaust gas recycling device (9) into a second oppositely directed radiant heat pipe (2) with a second burner (1) whilst exhaust gases from the second oppositely directed radiant heat pipe (2) are introduced via an exhaust gas recycling device (9) into the first radiant heat pipe (2).
  28. A method as claimed in Claim 27, characterised in that the exhaust gas recycling devices (9) are controlled in dependence on the output of the burners (1) of the oppositely directed radiant heat pipes (2).
  29. A method as claimed in Claim 27, characterised in that the exhaust gas recycling devices (9) of the oppositely directed radiant heat pipes (2) are controlled independently of one another.
  30. A method as claimed in Claim 21, characterised in that the exhaust gas recycling device (9) is controlled by means of a measuring element, with which parameters, such as temperature, exhaust gas values, flow rate or the like are measured.
  31. A method as claimed in Claim 23, characterised in that the flow rate control device (11) is controlled electrically and/or thermally.
  32. A method as claimed in Claim 23, characterised in that the flow rate control device (11) is controlled simultaneously with an output control device of the burner (1).
  33. A method as claimed in Claim 21, characterised in that the output levels of the burner (1) are controlled by means of a magnetic valve, which has a number of switching stages which is the same as the number of the output levels.
  34. A method as claimed in Claim 21, characterised in that the switching stages of the magnetic valve are controlled by means of a temperature controller.
  35. A method as claimed in Claim 21, characterised in that exhaust gas is conveyed by pressure differences between the end of the radiant heat pipe (2) and the transition region between the burner (1) and radiant heat pipe (2).
  36. A method as claimed in Claim 21, characterised in that at a first, higher power level of the burner (1), 0 to 30 Vol.% of the exhaust gas is recirculated into the transition region between the burner (1) and the radiant heat pipe (2).
  37. A method as claimed in Claim 21, characterised in that, at a second, lower output level of the burner (1), 20 to 60 Vol.% of the exhaust gas is recirculated into the transition region between the burner (1) and the radiant heat pipe (2).
EP05027165A 2005-12-13 2005-12-13 Heating device and its method of operation Not-in-force EP1798470B1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT05027165T ATE388374T1 (en) 2005-12-13 2005-12-13 HEATING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THE SAME
DE502005003135T DE502005003135D1 (en) 2005-12-13 2005-12-13 Heating device and method for its operation
EP05027165A EP1798470B1 (en) 2005-12-13 2005-12-13 Heating device and its method of operation
PL05027165T PL1798470T3 (en) 2005-12-13 2005-12-13 Heating device and its method of operation
CA2571126A CA2571126C (en) 2005-12-13 2006-12-12 Heating device and method for its operation
US11/637,620 US8475163B2 (en) 2005-12-13 2006-12-12 Heating device and method for its operations
US13/932,746 US20140011140A1 (en) 2005-12-13 2013-07-01 Heating device and method for its operations

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05027165A EP1798470B1 (en) 2005-12-13 2005-12-13 Heating device and its method of operation

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EP1798470A1 EP1798470A1 (en) 2007-06-20
EP1798470B1 true EP1798470B1 (en) 2008-03-05

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EP05027165A Not-in-force EP1798470B1 (en) 2005-12-13 2005-12-13 Heating device and its method of operation

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US (2) US8475163B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1798470B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE388374T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2571126C (en)
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PL (1) PL1798470T3 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
CA2571126C (en) 2015-02-10
PL1798470T3 (en) 2008-08-29
ATE388374T1 (en) 2008-03-15
CA2571126A1 (en) 2007-06-13
US20140011140A1 (en) 2014-01-09
DE502005003135D1 (en) 2008-04-17
US20070221196A1 (en) 2007-09-27
US8475163B2 (en) 2013-07-02
EP1798470A1 (en) 2007-06-20

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