EP1790815B1 - Window and/or facade system - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a window and / or facade system, with a filling for closing an opening in a building, which is bounded by building parts or associated frame members, wherein the filling has a main part and at least two outwardly extending edges, with where the filling is supported on the building parts and / or the frame elements.

Window systems are distinguished by fixed windows (fixed field) and by turn and / or tilt windows. Fixed windows only have a glass pane receiving a frame, which is firmly connected to the reveal of a building opening. A rotating and / or tilting window has in addition to a window frame, which is firmly anchored in the soffit, in addition to a sash. The glass pane is bordered by the casement, which in turn is mounted rotatably and / or tiltably with the frame.

Facades consist of posts and bars, which are also made with a filling of glass or, for example, panels. In some cases, insert frames with sashes are possible.

From the European patent EP 1 223 288 B1 a Fensterbeziehungsweise a door system with two glass panes is known in which the one glass pane projects beyond the other glass pane at least on one side to a projection. If the casement can be opened inwards, the inner pane of glass surmounts the outer pane of glass and if the casement can be opened outwards, the outer pane of glass surmounts the inner pane of glass. In this case, a seal is applied below a spacer separating the two glass panes, which partially exceeds the width of the interspace of the panes, so that the end face of the smaller pane of glass is partially covered by the seal. This should lead to a significantly better thermal insulation.

Disadvantage of this window or door system in the variant in which the glass wing is opened to the inside, is less burglary security by a lack of inner fastener for the discs to the interior out. For example, a violent shock, or a series of violent shocks, in the edge region of the window to solve or destroy the connection, whereby the entire laminated glass can be removed from the frame and access to the interior area is released. However, in the case of explosion-induced pressure development, for which the known window is not designed, this window system may fail in two ways, depending on the weakest link. On the one hand, in case of failure of the adhesive, the entire glass unit can be blown out of the frame and jeopardize persons in the interior. On the other hand, if the glass panes fail, the glass unit as such bursts, and persons in the interior are endangered by glass or frame splinters. By occurring inside the building explosions can be endangered due to outwardly glass panes people who are in the outer environment of the building.

Facade systems have great differences with respect to window systems both in their construction and in their installation. Facade elements are typically not framed. They are mounted on the outside of the building and attached to building parts, such as columns or girders.

The European Patent 1 167 647 A1 discloses a facade system according to the preamble of claim 1, consisting of a plurality of the facade elements forming insulating glass panes wherein one of the building side facing away outer pane with its peripheral areas circumferentially dominates an inner pane, which causes a visually appealing design of the facade. The discs are not framed by a frame. At the edge regions of the lsollerglasscheiben a common holding part is arranged or glued, which is associated with a building component, such as a post or a Bar, is firmly connected and thus forms the central part of the support structure between the building and the facade. The facade elements can be formed as fixed elements and as outwardly openable elements.

In the event of an explosion-induced pressure development, which is also not addressed in this document, the glass shatters here uncontrolled, which represents a danger to people in the surrounding area.

task

Based on this prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a window and / or facade system that deforms controlled under the action of a particular explosion-induced pressure wave and / or shifts, does not cause a splinter flight into the interior of the building, and thus no risk of injury to persons.

solution

This object is achieved in that the outwardly extending edges of the filling are designed such that they are so deformed due to a particular explosion-related pressure wave relative to the main part of the filling or break off from this, that the main part of the filling remains substantially intact and is displaceable overall in the direction of propagation of the pressure wave and that a holding device is provided which limits the displacement of the main part of the filling after formation of a pressure relief cross section between the inner area and the outer area of the building.

In the normal state, the edges serve for a secure support or fastening of the filling in a frame element or on a building part. The edges project beyond the actual opening cross-section of the building parts or the frame elements, which creates an advantage in terms of burglar alarm. At a force from outside the filling can not be easily pushed out of their embedding.

The edges of the filling are characterized in that they break off in the event of an impact, for example due to an explosion-induced pressure wave, or deform in such a way relative to the main part of the filling, so that a mobility of the filling in the propagation direction of the pressure wave is ensured, wherein the edges, depending on the design, remain on the main part of the filling or are separated from this. Although the filling is inherently greater than the opening in the building, a controlled displacement of the filling can be achieved in the explosion case by the inventive property of the edges. In the variant of the system in which the edges break off from the main part of the filling, this breaking takes place at the point of transition from the main part of the filling into the edges and the broken edges remain in their embedding, whereby a splintering flight is largely prevented.

The decisive factor is that the mobility of the main part of the filling ensured after removal or deformation of the edges is limited by a holding device. This prevents the filling of the system from flying around loosely and posing a danger to people inside or outside the building. Furthermore, it is essential that the main part of the filling remains coherent, whereby a splintering flight is avoided. This is ensured in particular by a laminated glass pane on the inside of the building facing side of the filling.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the edges are arranged circumferentially around the main part of the filling. Thus, for example, a circumferential insulation or insulation can be attached, which improves the physical properties of the system. Furthermore, a more stable storage of the system is achieved in the normal state, since the total length of the support is correspondingly large.

The holding device for limiting the pressure relief cross section may have at least one retaining element arranged fixed to the building. For example, a stop may be attached to a part of the building which stops the movement of the filling after a certain distance. In the case of a particular explosion-related pressure wave of the main part of the filling is moved after deformation or breaking off the edges in the propagation direction of the pressure wave until it reaches the holding element, then act on the pressure, bending and / or shear forces.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the holding device as a main part of the filling with a building part connecting traction means, in particular a rope or a belt may be formed. Here, the holding device is claimed exclusively to train.

Advantageously, the filling is composed of several layers or slices, namely of an outer layer, in particular a glazing, and an inner layer, in particular a composite glazing, which is separated by a gas-filled gap from the outer glazing. The edges are each formed by only one of the layers. Due to the layered structure of the filling, the formation of an air gap is possible to improve the Isolieriereigerischaften. The formation as a laminated glass disc fragmentation of the main part of the filling is prevented.

One possibility of the edge formation provides that the edges in a particularly explosive pressure wave cancel due to the fact that the glazing forming the edges has a very small thickness, in particular consists of a single-pane glass. It must be ensured that this external glazing in the case of an explosion in the environment is the weakest link in the system, or that the transition from the main part of the filling in the edges is claimed the most.

Another possibility of edge formation is to provide a predetermined breaking point in the transition region from the main part of the filling to the edges, which causes the breaking off of the edges in the event of a particularly explosion-induced pressure wave.

An embodiment of the present invention provides as a filling of the system before a wall panel whose edges of a plastically deformable material, in particular of sheet metal, exist.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the edges between a building part or frame member on the one hand and a fastening means on the other hand are clamped. The power flow takes place directly from the fastening means on the edges in the building part or in the frame member, that is, the power is transmitted exclusively through the edges. The remaining layers of the filling are outside the power flow. The clamping forces can thus be chosen very high, so that a good burglary resistance can be achieved, especially if the thickness of the edges forming layer is not too low. The coordination of the intrusion and blast-resistant properties is not a serious problem because the explosive effective pressure forces typically very high and therefore the edges forming layer may have a certain thickness without any problems, which in turn results in a sufficient burglar resistance, as this required forces at such a layer thickness are already absorbed without destruction.

In contrast, the window or facade system according to the invention can also be designed so that the filling is supported on the one hand with its edges on a building part or frame member and on the other hand is held by a fastening means which engages the pressure wave facing layer. In this case, the arrangement of the fastening means, in particular by the provision of an additional force-transmitting strip between edges and fasteners, carried out such that the power flow on the direct path from the fastener on the force-transmitting bar in the edges and from there into the building part or the frame element is initiated. In the absence of force-transmitting bar between the fastener and the edges is due to an offset position of fasteners and edges the force entry into the building part or the frame member on the indirect path via the fastener in the main part of the filling and from there over the edges in the building part.

Finally, it is advantageous if the main part of the filling, at least on the side facing the building interior side, has a laminated glass pane which by its nature avoids a splintering flight into the interior of the building, even if the pane facing the attack side should break.

embodiment

The invention will be explained below with reference to five exemplary embodiments.

Figur 1

einen Horizontalschnitt eines Flügelfensters mit einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel einer Randbefestigung und einer Halteeinrichtung,

Figur 2

einen Horizontalschnitt eines Festfeldes mit der Randbefestigung und der Halteeinrichtung nach Figur 1,

Figur 3

einen Horizontalschnitt eines Fassadensystems mit Glasfüllungen in einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel einer Halteeinrichtung,

Figur 4

wie Figur 3, jedoch mit einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Rückhalteeinrichtung, und

Figur 5

einen Horizontalschnitt eines Fassadensystems mit Wandpaneelen mit zwei weiteren Ausführungsbeispielen einer Halteeinrichtung.

Show it

FIG. 1

FIG. 2 a horizontal section of a casement window with a first exemplary embodiment of an edge attachment and a holding device, FIG.

FIG. 2

3 a horizontal section of a fixed field with the edge attachment and the holding device according to FIG. 1,

FIG. 3

1 a horizontal section of a facade system with glass fillings in a first embodiment of a holding device,

FIG. 4

like Figure 3, but with a second embodiment of the retainer, and

FIG. 5

a horizontal section of a facade system with wall panels with two further embodiments of a holding device.

FIG. 1 shows, as an example of a window system 100 according to the invention, a casement window built into an opening 300 in a horizontal section. The frame 120 is firmly connected to the soffit 200 and the filling 110 is bordered by a rotatably and tiltably mounted sash frame 121. The filling 110 consists of several layers and has a single-layer glass, for example of float glass, as the outer layer 114-1. The inner layer 114-2 consists of a laminated glazing of three bonded together individual slices. The composite glazing is separated from the outer layer 114-1 by spacers 112. The filling 110 is sealed off from the casement 121 by a lining tape 150 and a pressure seal 162. It is shown a normal state, in which the peripheral edges 113 are used for fixing the filling 110. The edges 113 are firmly clamped by a fastening means, consisting of a Anpressprofil 161, the Anpressdichtung 162, a pressure screw 163 and an adapter profile 164, pressed in particular from the inside against a free leg 122 to the sash 121. A yielding rubber-glass seal 155 is seated from the inside on the filling 110, but this does not limit the required freedom of movement of the main part 111 of the filling 110 at a pressure wave occurring D, since it gives way or jumps off in this case.

In an explosive pressure wave D break the edges 113 at the point of transition from the main part 111 of the filling 110 in the edges 113, wherein the broken edges 113 are still held in the Anpress unit and a splinter flight is largely prevented. The main part 111 of the filling 110 remains largely connected as a unit and can move in the propagation direction of the pressure wave D.

In order to prevent an uncontrolled flying around of the main part 111 of the filling 110 which has blown out of the opening 300 after the action of a pressure wave D, the window system according to the invention has a holding device 130. FIG. 1 shows a cable 132 or strap as the first exemplary embodiment of this holding device 130. The rope 132 or the strap can open be guided by different ways. The cable 132 spans the filling 110 along its circumference and is guided in a groove 131 formed on the edge of the filling 110. The groove 131 formed by the recessed spacers 112 is filled with a sealing compound 151 which firmly connects the cable 132 with the filling 110. In any case, the rope 132 or its free ends are firmly connected to the building part 400, or for example the nose.

FIG. 2 shows a horizontal section through a window system 100 with a fixed field. Apart from the absence of a sash, the essential components of FIG. 1 are identical. As spacers 112-1 here U-profiles are used, which are filled with a sealing compound 151 and in which the circulating cable 134 of the holding device 130 is guided.

FIG. 3 shows a facade system 100-1, which is attached from outside to a building part 400, for example a support made of an aluminum profile. The building part 400 is equipped with a nose 401, which serves as a stop for the fillings 110 and separates them from each other. To inner area I of the building, a sealing profile 152 is arranged between the edges 113 of the filling 110 and the building part 400. The fastening means 160-1, which is screwed onto the filling 110 from the outside, consists of a retaining strip 165 and a cover strip 166 mounted thereon. The retaining strip 165 is connected to the nose 401 by means of screws indicated only by its center line. The cover strip 166 is clipped onto the retaining strip 165 after assembly. The gap between fastener 160-1 and filling 110 is in turn closed with a sealing profile 154. In order to avoid cold bridges, the intermediate space of fastening means 160-1 and the nose 401 of the building part 400 is filled with an insulating profile 156. The power flow K _d from the fastener 160-1 on the building part 400 is directly via a force-transmitting bar 140 and the edges 113. To avoid a cold bridge, as well as a Spannungsspizten generating direct system, is here an elastic sealing profile 153 is provided between the strip 140 and the edges 113.

The multi-layered filling 110 consists of an inner layer 114-2 of float glass and an outer layer 114-1 of laminated glass, which is again separated by a spacer 112 from the inner glazing. In this embodiment of the invention, the edges 113 are formed by the inner layer 114-2. In the case of a particularly explosive pressure wave D in the direction of the arrow, the edges 113 of the filling 110 also break off here and permit a displacement of the main part 111 of the filling 110 until the pressure relief cross section made possible by the holding device 130 is reached. The holding device 130 is again designed as a cable 132 which is guided in a groove 131 filled with sealing compound 151.

FIG. 4 essentially shows a matching facade system 100-1 as in FIG. 3, but with the difference that, as in FIG. 2, the spacer 112-1 consists of a U-profile filled with sealing compound 151.

In Figure 5, a facade system 100-1 consisting of a wall panel is shown in horizontal section. The attachment of the wall panel is carried out with the same fastener 160-1 as in Figures 3 and 4. Between the fastener 160-1 and the edges 113 is a form-fitting thermal insulation arranged 157, which can not be used for power transmission, whereby the power flow K _{i is} indirectly introduced into the building part 400 from the fastening means 160-1, namely from the fastening means 160-1 via the main part 111 of the filling 110 into the edges 113 and finally into the building part 400.

As an inner layer 114-2, the wall panel has an inner cover plate from which the edges 113 are formed, which bend under increased pressure load, for example as a result of an explosion, in order to displace the main part 111 of the filling 110 past the building part 400 enable.

This displacement can be limited in the same way as in the aforementioned figures by means of a cable 132. Figure 5 shows another possibility for the formation of a holding device 133 and that by the formation of the holding device 133 as arranged on one side of the filling 110 in a vertical pivot axis articulated bolt. In a particular explosion-related pressure wave D pivots after deformation of the edges 113 on the non-bolted sides of the filling of the main part 111 of the filling 110 in the manner of a rotary vane about this pivot axis. If desired, the maximum pivoting angle may be limited by suitable limiting means.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100

window system

100-1

facade system

110

filling

111

Bulk

112

spacer

112-1

spacer

113

margins

114-1

outer layer

114-2

inner layer

120

frame

121

casement

122

leg

130

holder

131

groove

132

rope

133

holder

140

strip

150

glazing tape

151

sealing compound

152

weatherstrip

153

sealing profile

154

weatherstrip

155

yielding rubber glass seal

156

insulating profile

157

thermal insulation

160

fastener

160-1

fastener

161

pressure profile

162

pressing gasket

163

Anpressschraube

164

adapter profile

165

Holding bar

166

cover strip

200

soffit

300

opening

400

building

401

nose

D

shock wave

A

outdoors

I

interior

K _d

direct power flow

K _l

indirect force flow

Claims (11)

1. A window and/or façade system (100, 100-1), having a panel (110) for closing an opening (300) in a structure, which is delimited by structure parts (400) or frame parts connected thereto, the panel (110) having a main part (111) and at least two edges (113) extending outward thereon, using which the panel (110) is supported on the structure parts (400) and/or the frame elements,
   characterized in that the edges (113) are implemented in such a way that, as a result of a pressure wave (D), caused by an explosion in particular, they are deformed in relation to the main part (111) of the panel (110) or break off therefrom in such a way that the main part (111) of the panel (110) remains essentially intact and is displaceable overall in the propagation direction of the pressure wave (D), and a retention unit (130, 133) is provided, which delimits the displacement of the main part (111) of the panel (110) after forming a pressure relief cross-section between the internal area (I) and the external area (A) of the structure.
2. The window and/or façade system (100, 100-1) according to Claim 1,
   characterized in that the edges (113) are situated peripherally around the main part (111) of the panel (110).
3. The window and/or façade system (100, 100-1) according to Claim 1 or 2,
   characterized in that the retention unit (130, 133) has at least one retention element situated fixed on the structure, and is in particular a stop attached to a structure part (400).
4. The window and/or façade system (100, 100-1) according to Claim 1 or 2,
   characterized in that the retention unit (130, 133) is a traction mechanism, in particular a cable (132) or a belt, connecting the main part (111) of the panel (110) to a structure part (400).
5. The window and/or façade system (100, 100-1) according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that the panel (110) is assembled from multiple layers or panes, specifically from an external layer (114-1), in particular a glazing, and an internal layer (114-2), in particular a composite glazing, which is separated by a gas-filled intermediate space from the external glazing, and the edges (113) are each only implemented by one of the layers (114-1, 114-2).
6. The window and/or façade system (100, 100-1) according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that the edges (113) break off in the event of a pressure wave (D), which is caused by an explosion in particular, in such a way that the glazing forming the edges (113) has a very low thickness, in particular comprises a single-paned glass.
7. The window and/or façade system (100, 100-1) according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that the breaking off of the edges (113) in the event of a pressure wave (D), which is caused by an explosion in particular, is caused by an intended breakpoint in the transition area from the main part (111) of the panel (110) and the edges (113).
8. The window and/or façade system (100, 100-1) according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that the panel (110) is a wall panel, whose edges comprise a plastically deformable material, in particular sheet metal.
9. The window and/or façade system (100, 100-1) according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that the edges (113) are clamped between a structure part (400) or frame element on one side and a fastener (160) on the other side.
10. The window and/or façade system (100, 100-1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the panel (110) is supported on one side at its edges (113) on a structure part (400) or frame element and is retained on the other side by a fastener (160, 160-1), which engages on the layer (114-1, 114-2) facing toward the pressure wave (D).
11. The window and/or façade system (100, 100-1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the main part (111) has a composite glass pane at least on the side facing toward the structure interior (I).

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