Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
  • G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00
  • G01L11/04—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by acoustic means
  • G01L11/06—Ultrasonic means
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
  • G01K11/22—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
  • G01K11/22—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects
  • G01K11/24—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects of the velocity of propagation of sound

Definitions

• the invention relates to a measuring device for determining temperature and / or pressure with at least one transmitting / receiving unit for ultrasonic pulses and at least one means for reflecting ultrasonic pulses.
• the invention relates to a method for operating the measuring device and a use of the measuring device.
• Turbomachines such as steam or Gasturbi ⁇ NEN, are used as heat-power machines in the art set to convert a stored energy in a gas stream into a mechanical energy, in particular in a rotational ⁇ movement.
• flow machines such as compressors come into consideration, with which mechanical energy can be supplied to a gas stream.
• gas turbines In order for gas turbines a possible liehst large overall efficiency in terms of energy from ⁇ use to reach the gas inlet temperatures are lichst from the combustion chamber into the flow channel of the gas turbine mög ⁇ high. For example, the gas inlet temperatures are above 1000 ° C.
• the invention is now based on the object, a measuring apparatus and method provide for operating the measuring device which allows a simple as possible, reliable and kos ⁇ -effective temperature and / or pressure determination, with which the above-mentioned problem can be largely overcome and opened the wide range of possible uses.
• the measuring device for determining temperature and / or pressure with at least
• a means for reflecting ultrasound pulses to be designed such that at least one ultrasound pulse can be emitted from the transmitting / receiving unit through an object into the means for reflection
• the object for ultrasonic pulses is at least partially transmissive and - the at least one ultrasonic pulse temperature-corrected by the means for reflection in the direction of transmitting / receiving unit is reflected.
• the transmitting / receiving unit has at least one sound transducer.
• the transmitting / receiving unit has at least two sound transducers.
• the measuring device has at least one first sound transducer for emitting the at least one ultrasonic pulse through the object into the means for reflection and at least one second sound transducer for receiving the at least one temperature correlated reflected Ul ⁇ traschallpulses from the means for reflection ,
• the measuring device has at least one sound transducer both for emitting the at least one ultrasonic pulse through the object in the means for Reflek ⁇ tion and for receiving the at least one temperature-correlated reflected ultrasonic pulse from the means for reflection.
• the at least one ultrasound pulse can be focused into the means for reflection.
• the means is adapted for reflecting as a container having thermally conductive wall and facing to the object opening advantageous, wherein the container constitutes a material leg, having its speed of sound in relation to the object a higher, in particular at least ten-fold higher, Tempe ⁇ temperature coefficient , It is also advantageous that the means for reflection comprises a surface acoustic wave resonator and an acoustic mode transformer or a piezoelectric transformer, the acoustic mode transformer or the piezoelectric transformer being provided for transmitting the at least one ultrasonic pulse between the surface acoustic wave resonator and the object ,
• the means for reflection is a piezoelectric oscillator provided with two electrodes, in particular a piezoelectric thickness transducer, which can be excited to resonate by means of the at least one ultrasound pulse , wherein the at least one ultrasound pulse should have wide frequency band ⁇ .
• the two electrodes with a ⁇ In productivity are preferably connected.
• the inductance with a core is preferably ver ⁇ see whose magnetic properties, in particular the susceptibility, are temperature dependent.
• the core is preferably a magneto-elastic core wherein it is arranged in such a way on the object that it comprises at least one ultrasonic pulse Stimulus to oscillate by means of the bar is ⁇ .
• the object is provided with a recess on the side facing the means for reflection, in which the means for reflection is arranged.
• the means for reflection is preferably arranged formschlüs ⁇ sig in the recess.
• the measuring device control means for at ⁇ control of the at least one transmitter / receiver unit.
• the measuring device Signalaufberei ⁇ tung medium for processing in the at least one de- transmitter / receiver unit measuring signals generated on.
• the measuring device advantageously Signalübertra ⁇ restriction means for transmitting the processed measurement signals.
• the measuring device advantageous signal ⁇ processing means for evaluating the Messsig ⁇ transmitted dimensional on.
• the invention furthermore specifies a method for operating the measuring apparatus, in which at least one ultrasonic pulse is emitted by the transmitting / receiving unit through the object into the means for reflection and emitted by the means for reflection in the direction of transmitting / receiving. unit is reflected in a temperature-correlated manner.
• the invention moreover specifies a use of the measuring device for determining temperature and / or pressure in a turbomachine, in particular a gas or steam turbine.
• FIG. 1 shows a measuring arrangement with a container containing a material as a means of reflection
• FIG. 2 shows a measuring arrangement with a surface acoustic wave resonator and an acoustic mode transformer or a piezoelectric transformer as means for reflection
• FIG. 3 shows a measuring arrangement with a piezoelectric oscillator as a means of reflection
• FIG. 4 shows a measuring arrangement with a piezoelectric oscillator and a core-connected inductance connected to the oscillator as a means of reflection
• Vibrator which is connected to a core-provided inductor and a capacitor, as
• FIG. 1 shows a measuring arrangement according to the invention with a means for reflection, which is a container filled with a material.
• the material has a speed of sound with a significant temperature coefficient.
• the particular pressure-shielded container also has a wall with good thermal conductivity.
• FIG. 1 is denoted by
• 3 and 4 are each an object surface, 50, 51a, 61, 61a and 70, an ultrasonic pulse or an ultrasonic pulse ⁇ share, a wall 8, 9 filling material,
• a transmitting / receiving unit at least one ultra-sonic pulse ⁇ is sent in the direction of the container, reflected inside of the container and integrated again detected by the transmitting / Empfangsein ⁇ .
• the transmitting / receiving unit comprises an ultrasonic transducer, in particular in the form of a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive transducer system. Reference is made to the reference [7]. So that the highest possible proportion of the at least ei ⁇ nen ultrasonic pulse irradiated into the object penetrates into the container and is reflected at the rear wall of the container, the Certainlyma- material of the container with good acoustic Impedanzanpas ⁇ sung to the transmitting / receiving unit facing away from object ⁇ surface appropriate.
• a focusing of the at least one ultrasonic pulse on the container in this case advantageously supports the efficiency.
• the running time in Greek ⁇ TERIAL extracted can be and, with knowledge of the akusti ⁇ specific parameters, in particular the temperature-dependent speed of sound of the filling material and the dimensions of the container is a measure of the temperature surrounding the container.
• the temperature surrounding the container can be inferred from the transit time in the filling material with prior calibration.
• Fi ⁇ gur 2 shows a measurement arrangement according to the invention is shown with a means for reflection, comprising a surgeonnwel ⁇ len resonator and an acoustic mode-transformer or a piezoelectric transformer.
• a means for reflection comprising a surgeonnwel ⁇ len resonator and an acoustic mode-transformer or a piezoelectric transformer.
• Fi ⁇ gur 2 is further denoted by
• the piezo material of surface acoustic wave resonators which are also known as SAW (Surface Acoustic Waves) resonators, can be designed so that their resonance frequency is dependent on temperature or pressure and SAW components in this sense "remote sensoring" are used.
• SAW Surface Acoustic Waves
• the SAW resonators of the latter materials with frequencies which also allow a sufficiently dämp ⁇ Fung poor transmission through the object are to the bringing the transmitter / receiver unit object surface at ⁇ remote and sound pulse excited with a particular energy Ultra ⁇ through the object, and its Audible vibration is also tapped by the object with the same or the second ultrasonic transducer, wherein the second ultrasonic transducer is optimized as a receiving transducer.
• the transmission of the emitted by the transmitting / receiving unit ultr ⁇ sonic pulse to the SAW resonator, and the response of the SAW resonator can be done either by an acoustic mode transformer or electrically via a on the side opposite to the transmitting / receiving unit object surface Zige ⁇ switched piezoelectric transformer, in particular egg nem ultrasonic transducer.
• FIG. 3 shows a measuring arrangement of the invention is illustrated with a means for reflection, comprising a trodes with two Elek-provided ⁇ piezoelectric oscillator, in particular a piezoelectric thickness vibrator.
• a means for reflection comprising a trodes with two Elek-provided ⁇ piezoelectric oscillator, in particular a piezoelectric thickness vibrator.
• the Fi ⁇ gur 3 is further designated with
• an ultrasonic pulse or Ultraschallpulsanteil 15 a piezoelectric (thickness) oscillator or piezoelectric resonator and 16 and 17 each have an electrode.
• This is coupled acoustically low coupled on the object surface facing away from the transmitting / receiving unit ange ⁇ and excited in particular broadband with a particular short ultrasonic pulse.
• its excitation sounds at its natural frequency, which can be received by the transmitting / receiving unit with the excitation ultrasound transducer or a second ultrasonic transducer and which represents a measure of the internal temperature.
• FIG. 4 shows a measuring arrangement according to the invention with a means for reflection, which comprises a piezoelectric oscillator, the two electrodes of which are connected to an inductance which is provided with a core. hen whose magnetic properties are temperature-dependent. In the figure 4 is further indicated by
• FIG. 5 shows a measuring arrangement according to the invention is shown with a means for reflection, comprising a piezoelectric oscillator, wherein the two electrodes are connected to an inductance, which is provided with a magneto ⁇ elastic core. It is also shown that a capacitance is arranged between an electrode of the piezoelectric oscillator and a connection of the inductance. In the figure 5 is further indicated by
• magneto-elastic core which is also a magnetoelastic resonator, as well as the piezoelectric oscillator acoustically to the transmitter / receiver unit PelN object surface facing away from LAD ⁇ and by electrical coupling both resonators to further enhance the effect of resonance detuning or to refine their detection.
• the ultrasound pulse generated by the ultrasonic transducer can be coupled ject in the Obwalden using egg ⁇ nes acoustic waveguide (Active waveguides).
• ge Frankfurtss Figures 1 to 5 may alternatively for attachment of the means for reflection on the object surface, it can be arranged in a corresponding recess, with the at sauce the transmitting / receiving unit ⁇ facing the object for this page to be provided.
• the agent be arranged for reflection in a form-fitting manner in the recess.
• a corresponding recess for the magnetoelasti ⁇ rule core according to Figure 5 is also conceivable.
• All of the above-described exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 5 are suitable for temperature measurements in which the object surface remote from the transmitting / receiving unit has a temperature of up to approximately 1000 ° C.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
• Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
• Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Families Citing this family (17)

Citations (1)

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• 2004
  • 2004-09-17 DE DE102004045199A patent/DE102004045199B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2005
  • 2005-09-13 EP EP05784707A patent/EP1789767A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-09-13 CN CN2005800315477A patent/CN101023334B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-09-13 US US11/663,159 patent/US7731420B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-09-13 WO PCT/EP2005/054552 patent/WO2006030011A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2005-09-13 JP JP2007531746A patent/JP4767959B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2011
  • 2011-03-15 JP JP2011056362A patent/JP5247840B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-03-15 JP JP2011056363A patent/JP5247841B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related

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