EP1785276B1 - Controlsystem for the quality of a printing press - Google Patents

Controlsystem for the quality of a printing press Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1785276B1
EP1785276B1 EP06022778A EP06022778A EP1785276B1 EP 1785276 B1 EP1785276 B1 EP 1785276B1 EP 06022778 A EP06022778 A EP 06022778A EP 06022778 A EP06022778 A EP 06022778A EP 1785276 B1 EP1785276 B1 EP 1785276B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
data
repeat
marking
individual
error
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP06022778A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1785276A2 (en
EP1785276A3 (en
Inventor
Andreas Dipl.-Ing. Ihme
Horst Dipl.-Ing. Klingler
Thomas Dipl.-Ing. Walther
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Manroland Sheetfed GmbH
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Manroland Sheetfed GmbH
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Application filed by Manroland Sheetfed GmbH filed Critical Manroland Sheetfed GmbH
Publication of EP1785276A2 publication Critical patent/EP1785276A2/en
Publication of EP1785276A3 publication Critical patent/EP1785276A3/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO PRINTING, LINING MACHINES, TYPEWRITERS, AND TO STAMPS
    • B41P2233/00—Arrangements for the operation of printing presses
    • B41P2233/50—Marks on printed material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an error analysis and marking system which analyzes erroneous use of a signature during the sheet pass through a printing press, preferably a sheet-fed rotary printing press, and marks it as defective during the passage through the printing press.
  • the evaluation of the print quality is carried out by drawing a test sheet, which is then placed on a tuning desk and recorded and evaluated visually and / or metrologically.
  • a quality assessment is only a sample, so that a slow change in quality may not be noticed until after a significant period of time, resulting in a corresponding amount of waste.
  • sample sheet random quality defects for example, caused by slugs or scratches, difficult to grasp. Accordingly, it can not be prevented that a corresponding amount of unnoticed waste landed in the display, which then has to be sorted out before further processing by appropriate steps.
  • Permanent quality monitoring is possible with printing machines if, in particular after the last printing unit, an image recording device in the form of a camera together with image processing is arranged.
  • image inspection systems are for example from EP 1 190 855 A1 and the EP 0 884 182 B1 known.
  • the image data obtained by the image recording device are compared pixel-by-pixel with predetermined target values, whereupon, in the event of deviations from nominal values, either warnings are output or the printing process is intervened in a corrective manner.
  • the DE 200 10 920 U1 and the EP 1 167 036 A1 disclose a printing machine in which a quality determination of a printed image during the sheet pass through a printing machine by the print image or the sheet is detected by a camera and the recorded image of the printed image is evaluated by an image processing orientation by the captured image is compared with a reference image ,
  • the substrate is printed with a variety of sub-images or benefits and the evaluation evaluates only a subset of these images.
  • the evaluation device outputs a counting signal that indicates the evaluated subset.
  • the DE 44 32 371 A1 discloses a method for identifying a single faulty benefit on a print sheet that has been multi-printed by a camera capturing an image of the print material and processing the data in an image processing system, the image processing system including the individual recorded benefit with the pre-defined or acquired one Reference benefit compares. It checks whether the color location of the individual benefit matches a reference location. The measuring location was defined in advance. For error identification of a single benefit, the benefit number and the location coordinates of the single benefit are determined.
  • the DE 203 03 574 U1 discloses an image processing system for a printing press, wherein a printed sheet, which has been printed with multiple benefits, detected by a camera and the acquired image data are detected in an image processing device, wherein the image processing means are arranged according to the fault location controllable printing devices, through which at predefined locations of the substrate markings occur when the individual benefit carries a mistake. Based on this printed error feature, In the simplest case, a simple spray point, the erroneous benefit in a further processing device, after the entire sheet was separated by a suitable device in single use, can be detected and removed by a sensor.
  • the DE 10 2004 014 549 B3 discloses a method of identifying a single benefit with a print image of defective quality by having an inspection system with a camera capture an image from the sheet and process that data in an image processing system, the image processing system capturing the data of the captured image with a position, shape or data set Size on the sheet compares, with the record coming from a die for separating the benefits on the sheet.
  • a disadvantage of the in the DE 10 2004 014 549 B3 The solution disclosed is that the assignment of the errors to a benefit on the sheet is done in the image processing system.
  • the sheet can be picked up during the sheet pass only line by line or in sections during the sheet pass and the partial images are fed to the image processing device.
  • These recorded data are compared with the stored reference image, which originates from a recorded sheet or a reference image from the preliminary stage.
  • the image data of deviation from the reference are checked by complex algorithms.
  • the computing capacity of the image processing computer used is at the limit of what is technically possible, so that, starting from a certain amount of errors, the image processing algorithm is aborted and it defines entire arcs as errors.
  • An increase in computing capacity would only be possible by significantly increasing the computing capacity, for example by using one or more multiprocessor computers.
  • assigning the error data to a benefit for example, by the fault location of a benefit contour in the image processing device, which comes from punching die data, is assigned, the image processing computer is additionally charged. If the computing power is not significantly expanded, this additional computation and allocation overhead would reduce the amount of detectable errors.
  • an apparatus which serves to invalidate prints fed to a printing cylinder.
  • an inspection device is provided on a cylinder for transporting printed sheets.
  • the device may be provided in a sheet-fed press.
  • the object of the present invention is to expand a printing quality device for a printing press in such a way that the information obtained by the printing quality device can be utilized in a simple manner even after printing, without the image processing device being burdened by additional computing algorithms.
  • the image recording of the sheet is triggered line by line triggered by a rotary encoder during the print run by a printing press.
  • the coordinates of each individual pixel on the printed sheet are known, the X-coordinate over the sheet width by the position of the pixel in the recorded line, while the Y-coordinate is defined in the sheet transport direction by the count pulse of the rotary encoder.
  • the location of each pixel is known as the X-Y coordinate. Any error detected in the image processing system can be assigned an XY coordinate without much computational effort.
  • the driving device can drive a plurality of marking devices.
  • Conceivable as a marking device would be inkjet printers, laser marking devices or mechanical marking devices which act on the printed sheet at predefined or case-selected locations.
  • the marking on the printed sheet can be based on the sheet forward and / or sheet back related.
  • the marking devices can be present several times, wherein an own marking device is ideally assigned to each use over the sheet width. Especially with entangled benefit arrangements, as in Fig. 1 This can be a high driving effort, if each benefit is to be marked at a predefined location.
  • the benefits should be distributed on the sheet so that a marking device can mark all the consecutive benefits of a column.
  • This use makes sense if the marking does not have to be applied at a defined point of use.
  • a typical marker of a carton when an error occurs within the contour of the carton is the tab of the carton, since typically the tab code is as shown in FIG Fig. 2 is displayed, which is evaluated within the processing plant.
  • This sensor system for evaluating the adhesive flap code can also be used to evaluate a printed error code.
  • the contour of the folding box must be known to the control computer.
  • marking directions can, for example, be driven by a motor to the marking location.
  • the laser beam can through mirrors or scanners in X and Y direction can be deflected so that any erroneous benefit can be marked.
  • control computer the contour data of the benefits on the sheet is known, since based on the contour data of the marking can be selected and optionally the marking device can be positioned or controlled. Moreover, it makes sense technically and economically to carry out the error assignment for a benefit in a control computer downstream of the image processing system, since otherwise the image processing system burdened by the amount of data and the complex calculation algorithm would soon reach its limits.
  • a picture is taken in a printing press with a line camera or another type of camera, and this picture is then transmitted to an image processing computer 1, which examines the recorded image for defect images. If an error is found, coordinates are assigned to this error, for example the X-coordinate over the sheet width is defined by the position of the pixel in the recorded line and the Y-coordinate in the sheet transport direction by the count pulse of the rotary encoder.
  • the obtained XY coordinates are transmitted to the control computer 2, whose task is the control of the labeling and / or marking device 7.
  • the control computer 2 of the labeling and / or marking device 7 while the contour data 3 are provided which describe the location of the individual benefits on the sheet.
  • This contour data 3 can be from the precursor, for example in JDF or CIP format or as CAD data or by reading in a printed sheet, the punched contours has, are transmitted through the camera located in the printing press, to the control computer 2.
  • This data can then be used for positioning the marking heads and for assigning a fault location, which was transmitted as an XY coordinate from the image processing computer 1 to the control computer 2, to the individual benefit on the printed sheet.
  • the user assignment takes place here in a computer system, which is arranged downstream of the image processing system. From the image processing computer only XY coordinates are passed to this downstream computer in order not to burden the actual image analysis in the image processing computer in addition.
  • control computer 2 it is determined on the basis of the XY coordinates of the error supplied by the image processing computer 1 in conjunction with the contour data 3 whether the individual benefit has an error or not (decision 4).
  • an individual code is applied to the benefit, which originates from a database with labeling data 5.
  • the demand for individualized packaging arises from the requirement of traceability of products, which is repeatedly raised. Gray market imports or product counterfeits can be proven with such a coding, the tracking of the delivery and process chain eg of pharmaceutical packaging is thus possible.
  • the possibility to print the benefit in case of default with a static or randomly obtained information is not excluded.
  • an error code 6 is printed on the utility.
  • the error code can be the absence of the numbering or marking for the good case, a simple marking or a special coding for the case of an error.
  • the procedure according to the further embodiment has the further advantage that the labeling and / or marking device is active even in Gutfall. Especially with the use of fast-drying inks in inkjet printers or other marking agents, there is a risk that they can dry in a long downtime, so that the function is at risk. Long downtimes result from the fact that good benefits are usually printed and the error is the exception. At stable pressure conditions, the marking device can not be used for several hours. The use of slow-drying inks or other marking agents is not an option, otherwise there would be a risk of smearing or depositing during sheet transport and when laying the signature on the delivery pile. If every good use is also marked or provided with a coding, the marking device is active most of the time or always during the printing operation, so that the danger of drying out is avoided.
  • a third embodiment is that each benefit is provided with the labeling or marking device 7 in the printing press with an individual code, wherein provided in the control computer 2 of this labeling code with a characteristic good or erroneous benefits.
  • the label code applied to the benefit is then forwarded together with the error feature to a database, a data store or directly via a data line to an external system.
  • the individual benefits come to a further processing device, which is provided with a suitable sensor for reading the applied code.
  • the code is read and compared with the previously stored data records in the database or in the data memory and evaluated with regard to the error feature.
  • Codes within the meaning of the invention may be alphanumeric characters, one- and two-dimensional barcodes or other suitable markings which allow individual recognition of the individual benefit.
  • An extension of the first, second and third embodiment represents the possibility of the control computer 2, the number of good or the number of good and the number of erroneous benefits to the machine control center of the printing press or to an external database or system, for example an operating data acquisition system.
  • the logging of good vouchers in the sense of "Geticianbogen" is known and state of the art. With this solution, a logging of good benefits would take place, ie at the level that will later be sold to the end customer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
  • Accessory Devices And Overall Control Thereof (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Fehleranalyse und -markierungssystem, das fehlerhafte Nutzen eines Druckbogens während des Bogendurchlaufs durch eine Druckmaschine, vorzugsweise Bogenrotationsdruckmaschine, analysiert und diese während des Durchlaufs durch die Druckmaschine als fehlerhaft markiert.The invention relates to an error analysis and marking system which analyzes erroneous use of a signature during the sheet pass through a printing press, preferably a sheet-fed rotary printing press, and marks it as defective during the passage through the printing press.

Bei Bogenoffsetmaschinen erfolgt die Beurteilung der Druckqualität durch Ziehen eines Probebogens, der dann auf ein Abstimmpult abgelegt und visuell und/oder messtechnisch erfasst und ausgewertet wird. Eine derartige Qualitätsbeurteilung ist jedoch lediglich eine Stichprobe, so dass eine langsame Veränderung der Qualität unter Umständen erst nach einer größeren Zeitspanne bemerkt wird, in der entsprechend viel Makulatur anfällt. Auch lassen sich durch Probebogen zufällig auftretende Qualitätsdefekte, beispielsweise verursacht durch Butzen oder Kratzer, nur schwer erfassen. Dementsprechend ist nicht zu verhindern, dass entsprechend viel unbemerkte Makulatur in der Auslage landet, die dann vor der Weiterverarbeitung durch entsprechende Arbeitsschritte wieder aussortiert werden muss.In sheetfed offset presses, the evaluation of the print quality is carried out by drawing a test sheet, which is then placed on a tuning desk and recorded and evaluated visually and / or metrologically. However, such a quality assessment is only a sample, so that a slow change in quality may not be noticed until after a significant period of time, resulting in a corresponding amount of waste. Also can be detected by sample sheet random quality defects, for example, caused by slugs or scratches, difficult to grasp. Accordingly, it can not be prevented that a corresponding amount of unnoticed waste landed in the display, which then has to be sorted out before further processing by appropriate steps.

Eine permanente Qualitätsüberwachung ist bei Druckmaschinen möglich, wenn insbesondere nach dem letzten Druckwerk eine Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung in Form einer Kamera nebst Bildverarbeitung angeordnet ist. Derartige Bildinspektionssysteme sind beispielsweise aus der EP 1 190 855 A1 und der EP 0 884 182 B1 bekannt. Die durch die Bildaufnahmeinrichtung gewonnen Bilddaten werden pixelweise mit vorgegebenen Sollwerten verglichen, woraufhin dann bei Abweichungen von Sollwerten entweder Warnhinweise ausgegeben oder korrigierend auf den Druckprozess eingegriffen wird.Permanent quality monitoring is possible with printing machines if, in particular after the last printing unit, an image recording device in the form of a camera together with image processing is arranged. Such image inspection systems are for example from EP 1 190 855 A1 and the EP 0 884 182 B1 known. The image data obtained by the image recording device are compared pixel-by-pixel with predetermined target values, whereupon, in the event of deviations from nominal values, either warnings are output or the printing process is intervened in a corrective manner.

Mit den bekannten Bildinspektionssystemen ist es ebenfalls möglich, die Bögen entsprechend der Druckqualität auf verschiedenen Stapeln abzulegen. So wird Makulatur automatisch ausgesondert und der Weiterverarbeitung nicht zugeführt. Gerade Druckbogen die in Vielfachnutzen bedruckt werden, z.B. Etiketten für Flaschen und bei dem Druck von Faltschachteln, würde eine fehlerhafte Bildstelle in einem Nutzen den gesamten Bogen zu Makulatur machen. Die übrigen fehlerfreien Nutzen, welche durchaus weiter verarbeitet werden könnten, wären bei einer derartigen Bewertung ebenfalls Ausschuss. Ein solches Vorgehen ist nicht wirtschaftlich.With the known image inspection systems, it is also possible to deposit the sheets according to the print quality on different stacks. Thus waste is automatically separated out and not sent for further processing. Straight sheets which are printed in multiples, eg labels for bottles and in the printing of cartons, a faulty image location in a utility would make the entire sheet waste. The other error-free benefits, which could certainly be further processed, would also be rejected in such an evaluation. Such a procedure is not economical.

Die DE 200 10 920 U1 und die EP 1 167 036 A1 offenbaren eine Druckmaschine, in der eine Qualitätsbestimmung eines Druckbildes während des Bogendurchlaufs durch eine Druckmaschine geschieht, indem das Druckbild bzw. der Druckbogen durch eine Kamera erfasst und die aufgenommene Abbildung des Druckbildes durch eine Bildverarbeitungsausrichtung ausgewertet wird, indem das aufgenommene Bild mit einem Referenzbild verglichen wird. Der Bedruckstoff ist mit einer Vielzahl von Teilbildern oder Nutzen bedruckt und die Auswerteeinrichtung wertet nur eine Teilmenge dieser Bilder aus. Die Auswerteeinrichtung gibt dabei ein Zählsignal aus, der die ausgewertete Teilmenge angibt.The DE 200 10 920 U1 and the EP 1 167 036 A1 disclose a printing machine in which a quality determination of a printed image during the sheet pass through a printing machine by the print image or the sheet is detected by a camera and the recorded image of the printed image is evaluated by an image processing orientation by the captured image is compared with a reference image , The substrate is printed with a variety of sub-images or benefits and the evaluation evaluates only a subset of these images. The evaluation device outputs a counting signal that indicates the evaluated subset.

Die DE 44 32 371 A1 offenbart eine Verfahren zur Identifikation eines einzelnen fehlerhaften Nutzens auf einem Druckbogen, der mit mehreren Nutzen bedruckt wurde, indem eine Kamera ein Bild von dem Bedruckstoff aufnimmt und die Daten in einem Bildverarbeitungssystem verarbeitet, wobei das Bildverarbeitungssystem den einzelnen aufgenommenen Nutzen mit dem vorab definierten oder erfassten Referenznutzen vergleicht. Dabei wird überprüft, ob der Farbort des einzelnen Nutzens mit einem Referenzort übereinstimmt. Der Messort wurde vorab definiert. Zur Fehleridentifikation eines einzelnen Nutzens werden die Nutzennummer und die Lagekoordinaten des Einzelnutzens ermittelt.The DE 44 32 371 A1 discloses a method for identifying a single faulty benefit on a print sheet that has been multi-printed by a camera capturing an image of the print material and processing the data in an image processing system, the image processing system including the individual recorded benefit with the pre-defined or acquired one Reference benefit compares. It checks whether the color location of the individual benefit matches a reference location. The measuring location was defined in advance. For error identification of a single benefit, the benefit number and the location coordinates of the single benefit are determined.

Die DE 203 03 574 U1 offenbart ein Bildverarbeitungssystem für eine Druckmaschine, wobei ein Druckbogen, der mit mehreren Nutzen bedruckt wurde, durch eine Kamera erfasst und die gewonnenen Bilddaten in einer Bildverarbeitungsvorrichtung erfasst werden, wobei der Bildverarbeitungseinrichtung eine entsprechend der Fehlerlage ansteuerbare Druckeinrichtungen nachgeordnet sind, durch welche an vorab definierte Stellen des Bedruckstoffes Markierungen erfolgen, wenn der einzelne Nutzen einen Fehler trägt. Anhand dieses aufgedruckten Fehlermerkmals, im einfachsten Fall ein einfacher Sprühpunkt, kann der fehlerhafte Nutzen in einer Weiterverarbeitungseinrichtung, nachdem der Gesamtbogen durch eine geeignete Vorrichtung in Einzelnutzen getrennt wurde, durch einen Sensor erfasst und ausgeschleust werden.The DE 203 03 574 U1 discloses an image processing system for a printing press, wherein a printed sheet, which has been printed with multiple benefits, detected by a camera and the acquired image data are detected in an image processing device, wherein the image processing means are arranged according to the fault location controllable printing devices, through which at predefined locations of the substrate markings occur when the individual benefit carries a mistake. Based on this printed error feature, In the simplest case, a simple spray point, the erroneous benefit in a further processing device, after the entire sheet was separated by a suitable device in single use, can be detected and removed by a sensor.

Die DE 10 2004 014 549 B3 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Identifikation eines einzelnen Nutzens mit einem Druckbild fehlerhafter Qualität, indem ein Inspektionssystem mit einer Kamera ein Bild von dem Bogen aufnimmt und diese Daten in einem Bildverarbeitungssystem verarbeitet, wobei das Bildverarbeitungssystem die Daten des aufgenommenen Bildes mit einem Datensatz zur Position, Form oder Größe auf dem Bogen vergleicht, wobei der Datensatz von einer Stanzform zum Separieren der Nutzen auf dem Bogen stammt.The DE 10 2004 014 549 B3 discloses a method of identifying a single benefit with a print image of defective quality by having an inspection system with a camera capture an image from the sheet and process that data in an image processing system, the image processing system capturing the data of the captured image with a position, shape or data set Size on the sheet compares, with the record coming from a die for separating the benefits on the sheet.

Nachteilig an der in der DE 10 2004 014 549 B3 offenbarten Lösung ist, dass die Zuordnung der Fehler zu einem Nutzen auf dem Bogen in dem Bildverarbeitungssystem erfolgt. Der Bogen kann während des Bogendurchlaufs nur zeilenweise oder in Abschnitten während des Bogendurchlaufs aufgenommen werden und die Teilbilder der Bildverarbeitungsvorrichtung zugeführt werden. Diese aufgenommenen Daten werden mit dem hinterlegten Referenzbild, das aus einem aufgenommenen Bogen oder einem Referenzbild aus der Vorstufe stammt, verglichen. Dabei werden die Bilddaten von Abweichung von der Referenz durch komplexe Algorithmen überprüft. Schon heute ist die Rechenkapazität der verwendeten Bildverarbeitungsrechner an der Grenze des technisch Möglichen, so dass ab einer bestimmten Menge von Fehlern der Bildverarbeitungsalgorithmus abgebrochen und er ganze Bogen als Fehler definiert. Eine Steigerung der Rechenkapazität wäre nur möglich, indem die Rechenkapazität deutlich erhöht würde, zum Beispiel durch den Einsatz eines oder mehrerer Mehrprozessorenrechner. Durch die Zuordnung der Fehlerdaten zu einem Nutzen, zum Beispiel indem der Fehlerort einer Nutzenkontur in der Bildverarbeitungsvorrichtung, die aus Stanzformdaten stammt, zugeordnet wird, wird der Bildverarbeitungsrechner zusätzlich belastet. Wird die Rechnerleistung nicht deutlich erweitert, würde dieser zusätzliche Rechen- und Zuordnungsaufwand die Menge der detektierbaren Fehler reduzieren.A disadvantage of the in the DE 10 2004 014 549 B3 The solution disclosed is that the assignment of the errors to a benefit on the sheet is done in the image processing system. The sheet can be picked up during the sheet pass only line by line or in sections during the sheet pass and the partial images are fed to the image processing device. These recorded data are compared with the stored reference image, which originates from a recorded sheet or a reference image from the preliminary stage. The image data of deviation from the reference are checked by complex algorithms. Even today, the computing capacity of the image processing computer used is at the limit of what is technically possible, so that, starting from a certain amount of errors, the image processing algorithm is aborted and it defines entire arcs as errors. An increase in computing capacity would only be possible by significantly increasing the computing capacity, for example by using one or more multiprocessor computers. By assigning the error data to a benefit, for example, by the fault location of a benefit contour in the image processing device, which comes from punching die data, is assigned, the image processing computer is additionally charged. If the computing power is not significantly expanded, this additional computation and allocation overhead would reduce the amount of detectable errors.

Aus der EP 0 726 143 A1 ist eine Vorrichtung bekannt, die zum ungültig machen von Drucken dient, die an einem Druckzylinder geführt werden. Darin ist an einem Zylinder zum Transport gedruckter Bogen eine Inspektionseinrichtung vorgesehen. Mittels der Daten der Inspektionseinrichtung werden Drucke mit mehreren Nutzen erfasst und hinsichtlich ihrer Fehlerfreiheit bewertet. Die Vorrichtung kann in einer Bogendruckmaschine vorgesehen sein.From the EP 0 726 143 A1 For example, an apparatus is known which serves to invalidate prints fed to a printing cylinder. Therein, an inspection device is provided on a cylinder for transporting printed sheets. By means of the data of the inspection facility, prints with multiple benefits are recorded and evaluated with regard to their accuracy. The device may be provided in a sheet-fed press.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es ein Druckqualitätseinrichtung für eine Druckmaschine derartig zu erweitern, dass die durch die Druckqualitätseinrichtung gewonnenen Informationen in einfacher Weise auch nach dem Druck verwertbar sind, ohne dass die Bildverarbeitungsvorrichtung durch zusätzliche Rechenalgorithmen belastet wird.The object of the present invention is to expand a printing quality device for a printing press in such a way that the information obtained by the printing quality device can be utilized in a simple manner even after printing, without the image processing device being burdened by additional computing algorithms.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen gemäß Anspruch 1.This object is achieved with the features according to claim 1.

Die Bildaufnahme des Druckbogens erfolgt zeilenweise getriggert durch einen Drehimpulsgeber während des Drucklaufs durch eine Druckmaschine. Dabei sind die Koordinaten jedes einzelnen Pixels auf dem Druckbogen bekannt, die X-Koordinate über die Bogenbreite durch die Lage des Pixels in der aufgenommenen Zeile, während die Y-Koordinate in Bogentransportrichtung durch den Zählimpuls des Drehimpulsgebers definiert wird. Durch die Verknüpfung der beiden Daten ist die Lage eines jeden Pixels als X-Y-Koordinate bekannt. Jedem in dem Bildverarbeitungssystem detektierten Fehler kann ohne großen Rechenaufwand eine X-Y-Koordinate zugewiesen werden.The image recording of the sheet is triggered line by line triggered by a rotary encoder during the print run by a printing press. The coordinates of each individual pixel on the printed sheet are known, the X-coordinate over the sheet width by the position of the pixel in the recorded line, while the Y-coordinate is defined in the sheet transport direction by the count pulse of the rotary encoder. By combining the two data, the location of each pixel is known as the X-Y coordinate. Any error detected in the image processing system can be assigned an XY coordinate without much computational effort.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden an Hand von zeichnerischen Darstellungen näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

Dabei zeigen

Figur 1
einen Druckbogen mit mehreren verschränkt angeordneten Einzelnutzen
Figur 2
Faltschachtelausschnitt mit Klebelaschencode und
Figur 3
eine schematische Darstellung der Steuerung zur Qualitätskontrolle und Markierung
Show
FIG. 1
a sheet with several entangled arranged single use
FIG. 2
Faltschachtelausschnitt with adhesive flap code and
FIG. 3
a schematic representation of the control for quality control and marking

Für die Ansteuerung der Markierungseinrichtung wird ein separater Rechner 2 benötigt, der die Ansteuerung der Markierungsvorrichtung vornimmt. Günstigerweise kann die Ansteuerungseinrichtung eine Vielzahl von Markierungseinrichtungen ansteuern. Denkbar als Markierungseinrichtung wären Tintenstrahldrucker, Lasermarkierungsvorrichtungen oder auch mechanische Markierungseinrichtungen, die auf den Druckbogen an vordefinierten oder fallbezogen gewählten Stellen einwirken. Die Markierung auf dem Druckbogen kann nutzenbezogen auf der Bogenvorder- und / oder Bogenrückseite erfolgen. Die Markierungseinrichtungen können mehrfach vorhanden sein, wobei in idealer Weise jedem Nutzen über die Bogenbreite eine eigene Markierungseinrichtung zugeordnet wird. Gerade bei verschränkten Nutzenanordnungen, wie sie in Fig. 1 dargestellt sind, kann dies ein hohen Ansteuerungsaufwand bedeuten, wenn jeder Nutzen an einer vordefinierten Stelle markiert werden soll. Aus Kostengründen sollten die Nutzen auf dem Bogen so verteilt sein, dass eine Markierungseinrichtung alle hintereinander liegenden Nutzen einer Spalte markieren kann. Dieser Einsatz ist sinnvoll, wenn die Markierung nicht an einer definierten Stelle des Nutzens aufgebracht werden muss. Ein typischer Markierungsort einer Faltschachtel bei einem Auftreten eines Fehlers innerhalb der Kontur der Faltschachtel, ist die Klebelasche der Faltschachtel, da üblicherweise hier der Klebelaschencode, wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt, aufgedruckt wird, der innerhalb der Weiterverarbeitungsanlage ausgewertet wird. Diese Sensorik zur Auswertung des Klebelaschencodes kann zusätzlich zur Auswertung eines aufgedruckten Fehlercodes genutzt werden. Um die über die Breite mehrfach fix angeordneten Markierungseinrichtungen dem Nutzen und dem darauf befindlichen Markierungsort exakt zuzuordnen, muss die Kontur der Faltschachtel dem Steuerungsrechner bekannt sein.For the control of the marking device, a separate computer 2 is required, which performs the control of the marking device. Conveniently, the driving device can drive a plurality of marking devices. Conceivable as a marking device would be inkjet printers, laser marking devices or mechanical marking devices which act on the printed sheet at predefined or case-selected locations. The marking on the printed sheet can be based on the sheet forward and / or sheet back related. The marking devices can be present several times, wherein an own marking device is ideally assigned to each use over the sheet width. Especially with entangled benefit arrangements, as in Fig. 1 This can be a high driving effort, if each benefit is to be marked at a predefined location. For cost reasons, the benefits should be distributed on the sheet so that a marking device can mark all the consecutive benefits of a column. This use makes sense if the marking does not have to be applied at a defined point of use. A typical marker of a carton when an error occurs within the contour of the carton is the tab of the carton, since typically the tab code is as shown in FIG Fig. 2 is displayed, which is evaluated within the processing plant. This sensor system for evaluating the adhesive flap code can also be used to evaluate a printed error code. In order to allocate the markings repeatedly arranged over the width to the utility and the marking location located thereon exactly, the contour of the folding box must be known to the control computer.

Alternativ zur Ansteuerung fix angeordneter Markierungseinrichtungen können Markierungsrichtungen z.B. motorisch an den Markierungsort gefahren werden. Bei Lasereinrichtungen kann der Laserstrahl durch Spiegel oder Scanner in X- und Y-Richtung so abgelenkt werden, dass jeder fehlerhafte Nutzen markiert werden kann.As an alternative to driving fixedly arranged marking devices, marking directions can, for example, be driven by a motor to the marking location. In laser devices, the laser beam can through mirrors or scanners in X and Y direction can be deflected so that any erroneous benefit can be marked.

Die Auswertung und Ansteuerung der Markierungseinrichtung muss sehr schnell erfolgen, da die fehlerhaften Nutzen auf dem Druckbogen noch während des Bogendurchlaufs durch die Druckmaschine erfolgen soll. Dies lässt sich technisch und wirtschaftlich am Sinnvollsten realisieren, indem Bildverarbeitung und die Ansteuerung in zwei voneinander getrennten Systemen erfolgen, die weitgehend parallel die jeweiligen Aufgaben erfüllen.The evaluation and control of the marking device must be done very quickly, since the erroneous benefits on the sheet should still be made during the sheet pass through the press. This can be realized most technically and economically, by image processing and control being carried out in two separate systems which largely fulfill the respective tasks in parallel.

Sinnvoll ist dabei, dass dem Ansteuerungsrechner die Konturdaten der Nutzen auf dem Druckbogen bekannt ist, da anhand der Konturdaten der Markierungsort gewählt werden kann und gegebenenfalls die Markierungseinrichtung positioniert bzw. angesteuert werden kann. Außerdem ist es technisch und wirtschaftlich sinnvoll, die Fehlerzuordnung zu einem Nutzen in einem dem Bildverarbeitungssystem nachgeordneten Steuerungsrechner auszuführen, da ansonsten die von der Datenmenge und dem aufwendigen Rechenalgorithmus belastete Bildverarbeitungssystem früher an seine Grenzen stoßen würde.It is useful that the control computer, the contour data of the benefits on the sheet is known, since based on the contour data of the marking can be selected and optionally the marking device can be positioned or controlled. Moreover, it makes sense technically and economically to carry out the error assignment for a benefit in a control computer downstream of the image processing system, since otherwise the image processing system burdened by the amount of data and the complex calculation algorithm would soon reach its limits.

In erfindungsgemäßer Ausgestaltung wird in einer Druckmaschine mit einer Zeilenkamera oder einem anderen Kameratyp ein Bild aufgenommen und dieses Bild wird dann an einen Bildverarbeitungsrechner 1 übermittelt, der das aufgenommene Bild auf Fehlerbilder untersucht. Wird ein Fehler gefunden, werden diesem Fehler Koordinaten zugeordnet, wobei zum Beispiel die X-Koordinate über die Bogenbreite durch die Lage des Pixels in der aufgenommenen Zeile und die Y-Koordinate in Bogentransportrichtung durch den Zählimpuls des Drehimpulsgebers definiert wird. Die gewonnenen X-Y-Koordinaten werden an den Ansteuerungsrechner 2 übermittelt, dessen Aufgabe die Ansteuerung der Beschriftungs- und/oder Markierungseinrichtung 7 ist. Dem Ansteuerungsrechner 2 der Beschriftungs- und/oder Markierungseinrichtung 7 werden dabei die Konturdaten 3 zur Verfügung gestellt, die die Lage des einzelnen Nutzens auf dem Bogen-beschreiben. Diese Konturdaten 3 können aus der Vorstufe, zum Beispiel im JDF oder CIP Format oder als CAD Daten oder durch Einlesen eines Druckbogens, der Stanzkonturen aufweist, durch die in der Druckmaschine befindlichen Kamera, an den Ansteuerungsrechner 2 übermittelt werden. Diese Daten können dann zur Positionierung der Markierungsköpfe und zur Zuordnung eines Fehlerortes, der als X-Y-Koordinate von dem Bildverarbeitungsrechner 1 an den Ansteuerungsrechner 2 übermittelt wurde, zu dem einzelnen Nutzen auf dem Druckbogen genutzt werden. Die Nutzenzuordnung erfolgt hierbei in einem Rechnersystem, der dem Bildverarbeitungssystem nachgeordnet ist. Von dem Bildverarbeitungsrechner werden nur X-Y-Koordinaten an diesen nachgeordneten Rechner übergeben, um die eigentliche Bildanalyse in dem Bildverarbeitungsrechner nicht zusätzlich zu belasten. In an embodiment according to the invention, a picture is taken in a printing press with a line camera or another type of camera, and this picture is then transmitted to an image processing computer 1, which examines the recorded image for defect images. If an error is found, coordinates are assigned to this error, for example the X-coordinate over the sheet width is defined by the position of the pixel in the recorded line and the Y-coordinate in the sheet transport direction by the count pulse of the rotary encoder. The obtained XY coordinates are transmitted to the control computer 2, whose task is the control of the labeling and / or marking device 7. The control computer 2 of the labeling and / or marking device 7 while the contour data 3 are provided which describe the location of the individual benefits on the sheet. This contour data 3 can be from the precursor, for example in JDF or CIP format or as CAD data or by reading in a printed sheet, the punched contours has, are transmitted through the camera located in the printing press, to the control computer 2. This data can then be used for positioning the marking heads and for assigning a fault location, which was transmitted as an XY coordinate from the image processing computer 1 to the control computer 2, to the individual benefit on the printed sheet. The user assignment takes place here in a computer system, which is arranged downstream of the image processing system. From the image processing computer only XY coordinates are passed to this downstream computer in order not to burden the actual image analysis in the image processing computer in addition.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung wird im Ansteuerungsrechner 2 anhand der vom Bildverarbeitungssrechner 1 gelieferten X-Y-Koordinaten des Fehlers in Verbindung mit den Konturdaten 3 ermittelt, ob der einzelne Nutzen einen Fehler aufweist oder nicht (Entscheidung 4). Im Gutfall wird auf den Nutzen ein individueller Code aufgetragen, der aus einer Datenbank mit Beschriftungsdaten 5 stammt. Damit ist eine individualisierte Verpackung durch die Kennzeichnung mit einem eindeutigen Code möglich. Die Forderung nach einer individualisierten Verpackung ergibt sich aus der Forderung der Nachverfolgbarkeit von Produkten, die immer wieder erhoben wird. Graumarktimporte oder Produktfälschungen lassen sich mit einer solchen Codierung nachweisen, die Nachverfolgung der Liefer- und Prozesskette z.B. von Pharmaverpackungen ist damit möglich. Die Möglichkeit den Nutzen im Gutfall mit einer statischen oder zufällig gewonnen Information zu bedrucken, wird nicht ausgeschlossen.
Im Fehlerfall wird ein Fehlercode 6 auf den Nutzen gedruckt. Der Fehlercode kann im einfachsten Fall das Fehlen der Nummerierung oder Kennzeichnung für den Gutfall sein, eine einfache Markierung oder ein spezielle Codierung für den Fehlerfall. In a further refinement , in the control computer 2 it is determined on the basis of the XY coordinates of the error supplied by the image processing computer 1 in conjunction with the contour data 3 whether the individual benefit has an error or not (decision 4). In the good case, an individual code is applied to the benefit, which originates from a database with labeling data 5. Thus, an individualized packaging by labeling with a unique code is possible. The demand for individualized packaging arises from the requirement of traceability of products, which is repeatedly raised. Gray market imports or product counterfeits can be proven with such a coding, the tracking of the delivery and process chain eg of pharmaceutical packaging is thus possible. The possibility to print the benefit in case of default with a static or randomly obtained information is not excluded.
In the event of an error, an error code 6 is printed on the utility. In the simplest case, the error code can be the absence of the numbering or marking for the good case, a simple marking or a special coding for the case of an error.

Das Vorgehen gemäß der weiteren Ausgestaltung hat den weiteren Vorteil, dass die Beschriftungs- und/oder Markierungseinrichtung auch im Gutfall aktiv ist. Gerade bei dem Einsatz von schnell trocknenden Tinten in Tintenstrahldruckern oder anderen Markierungsmitteln besteht die Gefahr, dass diese bei langer Stillstandszeit eintrocknen können, so dass die Funktion gefährdet ist. Lange Stillstandszeiten ergeben sich aus der Tatsache, dass in der Regel Gutnutzen gedruckt werden und der Fehlerfall die Ausnahme darstellt. Bei stabilen Druckbedingungen kann die Markierungseinrichtung mehrere Stunden nicht im Einsatz sein. Ein Einsatz langsam trocknender Tinten oder anderer Markierungsmittel verbietet sich, da ansonsten die Gefahr des Abschmierens oder des Ablegens während des Bogentransports und bei dem Ablegen des Druckbogens auf den Auslegerstapel entstehen würde. Wird auch jeder Gutnutzen markiert oder mit einer Codierung versehen, ist die Markierungseinrichtung die meiste Zeit oder immer während des Druckbetriebs aktiv, so dass die Gefahr des Eintrocknens vermieden wird.The procedure according to the further embodiment has the further advantage that the labeling and / or marking device is active even in Gutfall. Especially with the use of fast-drying inks in inkjet printers or other marking agents, there is a risk that they can dry in a long downtime, so that the function is at risk. Long downtimes result from the fact that good benefits are usually printed and the error is the exception. At stable pressure conditions, the marking device can not be used for several hours. The use of slow-drying inks or other marking agents is not an option, otherwise there would be a risk of smearing or depositing during sheet transport and when laying the signature on the delivery pile. If every good use is also marked or provided with a coding, the marking device is active most of the time or always during the printing operation, so that the danger of drying out is avoided.

Eine dritte Ausgestaltung besteht darin, dass jeder Nutzen mit der Beschriftungs- oder Markierungseinrichtung 7 in der Druckmaschine mit einem individuellen Code versehen wird, wobei in dem Ansteuerungsrechner 2 dieser Beschriftungscode mit einem Merkmal Gut- oder fehlerbehafteter Nutzen versehen wird. Der auf den Nutzen aufgebrachte Beschriftungscode wird dann gemeinsam mit dem Fehlermerkmal in eine Datenbank, einem Datenspeicher oder direkt per Datenleitung an ein externes System weitergegeben. Nach dem Separieren des Gesamtbogens in Einzelnutzen, wie dies zum Beispiel in einer Bogenstanze geschieht, kommen die Einzelnutzen zu einer Weiterverarbeitungseinrichtung, die einen geeigneten Sensor zum Einlesen des aufgebrachten Codes versehen ist. Der Code wird gelesen und mit den vorab abgelegten Datensätzen in der Datenbank oder in dem Datenspeicher verglichen und hinsichtlich des Fehlermerkmals ausgewertet. Nutzen mit Codes, die mit einem Fehlermerkmal versehen sind, das den Nutzen als Schlechtnutzen aufweist, werden während des weiteren Produktionslaufs in der Weiterverarbeitungsanlage in bekannter weise ausgeschleust. Codes im Sinne der Erfindung können alphanumerische Zeichen, ein- und zweidimensionale Barcodes oder andere geeignete Kennzeichnungen sein, die eine individuelle Erkennung des einzelnen Nutzens erlauben.A third embodiment is that each benefit is provided with the labeling or marking device 7 in the printing press with an individual code, wherein provided in the control computer 2 of this labeling code with a characteristic good or erroneous benefits. The label code applied to the benefit is then forwarded together with the error feature to a database, a data store or directly via a data line to an external system. After separating the overall sheet into single-use, as done for example in a sheet punch, the individual benefits come to a further processing device, which is provided with a suitable sensor for reading the applied code. The code is read and compared with the previously stored data records in the database or in the data memory and evaluated with regard to the error feature. Benefits with codes that are provided with an error feature that has the benefit of poor utility, are discharged during the further production run in the processing plant in a known manner. Codes within the meaning of the invention may be alphanumeric characters, one- and two-dimensional barcodes or other suitable markings which allow individual recognition of the individual benefit.

Eine Erweiterung der ersten, zweiten und dritten Ausgestaltung stellt die Möglichkeit dar, aus dem Ansteuerungsrechner 2 die Anzahl der Gutnutzen oder die Anzahl der Gut- und die Anzahl der fehlerbehafteten Nutzen an den Maschinenleitstand der Druckmaschine oder an eine externe Datenbank oder System, zum Beispiel ein Betriebsdatenerfassungssystem, zu liefern. Die Protokollierung von Gutbogen im Sinne von Gesamtbogen ist bekannt und Stand der Technik. Mit dieser Lösung würde eine Protokollierung von Gutnutzen erfolgen, also auf der Ebene, die später auch an den Endkunden verkauft wird.An extension of the first, second and third embodiment represents the possibility of the control computer 2, the number of good or the number of good and the number of erroneous benefits to the machine control center of the printing press or to an external database or system, for example an operating data acquisition system. The logging of good vouchers in the sense of "Gesamtbogen" is known and state of the art. With this solution, a logging of good benefits would take place, ie at the level that will later be sold to the end customer.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Bildverarbeitungsrechner zur Analyse der BilddatenImage processing computer for analyzing the image data
22
Ansteuerungsrechner zur Ansteuerung der Beschriftungs- und/oder Markierungseinrichtung und zur NutzenzuordnungControl computer for controlling the labeling and / or marking device and the user assignment
33
Konturdaten / StanzformdatenContour data / die data
44
Zuordnung Fehler / Gutfall zu NutzenAssignment error / good case to use
55
Datenbank oder Datengenerator mit BeschriftungsdatenDatabase or data generator with labeling data
66
Fehlercodeerror code
77
Beschriftungs- und/oder Markierungsvorrichtung Labeling and / or marking device

Claims (6)

  1. A quality control system in a printing press, preferentially sheet-fed rotary printing press, consisting of an inspection system with a camera for taking a print image on a substrate material with a plurality of repeats, wherein the taken data of the print image is processed with an image processing device and the captured data is compared with a reference data set for determining errors,
    characterized in that
    the image processing system is designed in order to determine the coordinates of an error on the substrate material in a simple manner and to output the error coordinates, for example as X-Y-coordinates, which mark the position of the error on the substrate material, in that an activation computer (2) for activating an inscription and/or marking device (7) for inscribing or marking individual repeats while passing through the printing press on the printing run, on which the error coordinates can be suitably output, wherein in the activation computer (2) of the inscription and/or marking device (7) the allocation of the error to an individual repeat can be carried out, in that a comparison with a data set of the repeat contour and the repeat division on the print sheet takes place.
  2. The quality control system according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the repeat contour and the repeat distribution on the print sheet, which are made available to the activation computer (2) of the inscription and/or marking device (7) in a suitable manner for example via a data line or a data carrier, are gained from pre-stage data which is created for producing a cutting die.
  3. The quality control system according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the repeat contour and the repeat distribution on the print sheet, which are made available to the activation computer (2) of the inscription and/or marking device (7) in a suitable manner, for example via a data line or a data carrier, are utilised for positioning the inscription and/or marking device in the printing press.
  4. The quality control system according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the inscription and/or marking devices (7) activated by the activation computer (2) are inkjet printer, marking nozzles, a laser inscription or laser marking devices.
  5. A method for operating a quality control system according to Claim 1, wherein in the activation device of the inscription and/or marking device (7) each repeat on the print sheet is assigned an individual marking which is printed onto the individual repeat with this inscription or marking device (7) later on during the printing run through the printing press,
    characterized in that
    each individual code for the individual marking of the individual repeat on the print sheet is assigned an error characteristic which is set as a function of whether an error was assigned to the individual repeat or not, wherein in the individual code with the associated error characteristic can be filed in a data memory or a data bank or directly output to a further processing device downstream, for example a sheet die cutter or a folding box gluing machine.
  6. The method for operating a quality control system according to Claim 5,
    characterized in that
    the data can be fed to an evaluation device within a further processing device consisting of a sensor and a data processing device, wherein by means of the sensor the printed individual coat can be read in and compared with the filed data sets consisting of the individual code with the associated error characteristic, and wherein upon determination that the error characteristic identifies the repeat as being defective, this repeat can be separated out of the production process in the manner known per se.
EP06022778A 2005-11-12 2006-11-02 Controlsystem for the quality of a printing press Revoked EP1785276B1 (en)

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DE102012106981A1 (en) 2012-07-31 2014-02-06 Eltromat Gmbh Method for checking the printing result in rotary printing machines
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DE102005054122B4 (en) 2017-09-21
EP1785276A3 (en) 2011-03-30
DE102005054122A1 (en) 2007-05-16

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