Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
  • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
  • A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
  • A01M1/2022—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide
  • A01M1/2027—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide without heating
  • A01M1/2055—Holders or dispensers for solid, gelified or impregnated insecticide, e.g. volatile blocks or impregnated pads
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
  • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
  • A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
  • A01M1/2022—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide
  • A01M1/2061—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide using a heat source
  • A01M1/2077—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide using a heat source using an electrical resistance as heat source
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
  • A61L9/01—Deodorant compositions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
  • A61L9/01—Deodorant compositions
  • A61L9/012—Deodorant compositions characterised by being in a special form, e.g. gels, emulsions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
  • A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
  • A61L9/02—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air by heating or combustion
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
  • G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
  • G01N31/229—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators for investigating time/temperature history
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2209/00—Aspects relating to disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
  • A61L2209/10—Apparatus features
  • A61L2209/13—Dispensing or storing means for active compounds

Definitions

• the present invention relates to volatile material-containing compositions having an end of service indicator and methods of indicating the end of service of a volatile material emitted from a volatile material-containing composition.
• Volatile material-containing compositions are used for various purposes. Such purposes include, but are not limited to releasing into a room or other space, volatile materials such as perfumes or scented materials, insecticides, air fresheners, deodorants, aromacology, aromatherapy, or any other volatile that acts to condition, modify, or otherwise charge the atmosphere or to modify the environment.
• volatile materials such as perfumes or scented materials, insecticides, air fresheners, deodorants, aromacology, aromatherapy, or any other volatile that acts to condition, modify, or otherwise charge the atmosphere or to modify the environment.
• the volatile material-containing composition comprises a carrier, at least one volatile material, and at least one volatile dye.
• the composition has a first state when energy is not applied to the composition, and a second energized state when energy is applied to the composition.
• the volatile material and volatile dye are emitted at a first level from the volatile material-containing composition in the first state and the volatile material and volatile dye are emitted from the volatile material-containing composition at a second higher level in the second state.
• the volatile material-containing composition returns to the first state when energy is no longer applied to the volatile material-containing composition.
• the composition releases less than 10 mg/hour of the volatile material and less than 10 ⁇ g/hour of the volatile dye at 25 0 C and 50% relative humidity (RH).
• Methods of providing a visual indication of the depletion of a volatile material from a volatile material-containing composition are also disclosed.
• This invention relates to volatile material-containing compositions having an end of service indicator and methods of indicating the end of service of a volatile material emitted from a volatile material-containing composition.
• the volatile materials can be emitted in various facilities, which include but are not limited to rooms, houses, hospitals, offices, theaters, buildings, and the like, or into various vehicles such as trains, subways, automobiles, airplanes and the like.
• volatile materials refers to a material that is vaporizable.
• volatile materials include, but are not limited to pleasant or savory smells, and, thus, also encompass scents that function as insecticides, air fresheners, deodorants, aromacology, aromatherapy, or any other volatile that acts to condition, modify, or otherwise charge the atmosphere or to modify the environment. It should be understood, however, that perfumes, aromatic materials, and scents will often be comprised of one or more volatile materials (which may form a unique and/or discrete unit comprised of a collection of volatile materials).
• volatile dyes refers to soluble or insoluble coloring matter that is vaporizable.
• the chemical composition can be a single component or mixture.
• the volatile dye is readily vaporizable at a relatively low temperature.
• the volatile dye have a vapor pressure at room temperature greater than Ix 10 ⁇ 5 torr.
• the volatile dye has a Kovat's index (as determined by a DB-5 column) of from about 1000 to about 2000. More, preferably, the volatile dye has a Kovat's index of from about 1000 to about 1700.
• Kovat's Index is defined by the selective retention of solutes or perfume raw materials (PRMs) onto the chromatographic columns. It is primarily determined by the column stationary phase and the properties of solutes or PRMs. For a given column system, a PRM' s polarity, molecular weight, vapor pressure, boiling point and the stationary phase property determine the extent of retention. To systematically express the retention of analyte on a given GC column, a measure called Kovat's Index (or retention index) is defined.
• Kovat's Index KI places the volatility attributes of an analyte (or PRM) on a column in relation to the volatility characteristics of n-alkane series on that column. Typical columns used are DB-5 and DB-I.
• the Kovat's index of a PRM, x, eluting at time t', between two n- alkanes with number of carbon atoms n and N having corrected retention times t' n and t' ⁇ respectively will then be calculated as:
• PRMs with smaller KI tends to be more volatile than that with larger KI.
• Ranking PRMs with their corresponding KI values give a good comparison of PRM evaporation rates in liquid-gas partitioning systems.
• the volatile dye provides a visual indication of end of service by evaporating at a correlating rate to one or more of the volatile materials.
• the evaporation of the dye results in a color change in the volatile material-containing composition.
• the volatile material-containing composition is initially blue in color.
• the volatile dye will be depleted, resulting in a reduction in the blue color.
• end of service may be indicated by a complete loss of color or reduced shade of color.
• the volatile material-containing composition is contained in a device that has a color code or color guide to assist a user of the device in interpreting color changes in the composition.
• the type of volatile dye and the amount used in the composition will vary depending on the desired indication.
• the depletion of the volatile dye will correlate with the depletion of the "middle note” perfume ingredient of the volatile material.
• the depletion of the volatile dye will correlate with the depletion of the "top note” perfume ingredient of the volatile material.
• the depletion of the volatile dye will correlate with the depletion of a volatile material that is not a perfume.
• the volatile dye is based off of the azulene (Bicyclo (5.3.0) Decapentaene) structure.
• An "azulene base structure" is a 10 carbon structure wherein a seven member ring is fused to a five member ring.
• the volatile dye is selected from the group consisting of 6-methyl-azulene; l-(l-azulenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone; 4,6,8-trimethyl- azulene; 7-ethyl-l,4-dimethyl-azulene; l,4-dimethyl-7-(l-methylethyl)-azulene; azulene, and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the volatile dye is selected from the group consisting of 1,4- dimethyl-7-(l-methylethyl)-azulene, azulene, and mixtures thereof.
• the volatile material-containing composition comprises a carrier, at least one volatile material, and at least one volatile dye.
• the composition has a first state when energy is not applied to the composition, and a second energized state when energy is applied to the composition.
• the volatile material and volatile dye are emitted at a first level from the volatile material-containing composition in the first state and the volatile material and volatile dye are emitted from the volatile material-containing composition at a second higher level in the second state.
• the volatile material-containing composition returns to the first state when energy is no longer applied to the volatile material-containing composition.
• the composition releases less than 10 mg/hour of the volatile material and less than 10 ⁇ g/hour of the volatile dye at 25 0 C and 50% relative humidity (RH). More preferably, the composition releases less than 5 mg/hour of the volatile material and less than 5 ⁇ g/hour of the volatile dye at 25 0 C and 50% relative humidity (RH). Even more preferably, the composition releases less than 1 mg/hour of the volatile material and less than 1 ⁇ g/hour of the volatile dye at 25 0 C and 50% relative humidity (RH).
• the composition contains up to about 0.1% of volatile dye by weight. More preferably, the composition contains up to about 0.08% of volatile dye by weight. Preferably, the composition contains at least about 0.001% of volatile dye by weight. More preferably, the composition contains at least about 0.003% of volatile dye by weight.
• a system for dispensing scents into the environment can be provided which comprises one or more components containing one or more scents or aromatic materials.
• the system preferably comprises a dispensing device, such as a device and one or more aromatic material-containing articles of manufacture, or "scent-containing articles of manufacture", which may be provided in the form of fragrance "cartridges".
• Each cartridge can provide a single volatile composition, or a combination of different volatile materials, such as a combination of different scented materials.
• each of the cartridges provides a collection of scents that conveys, e.g., a theme, an experience, a physiological effect, and/or a therapeutic effect.
• the volatile compositions of interest herein can be provided in any suitable form.
• scents are provided by volatile compositions comprising perfume, such as perfume oils, that are incorporated onto or into a suitable carrier.
• the carriers can be provided in the following non-limiting forms: a solid, a liquid, a paste, a gel, beads, encapsulates, wicks, a carrier material, such as a porous material impregnated with or containing the perfume, and combinations thereof.
• the carrier is in the form of a pliable solid which can be melted and have the perfume ingredients added thereto in order to form a composition that is in the form of a pliable solid structure or matrix at room temperature (73 0 F (25 0 C), 50% RH).
• the volatile composition has a viscosity of from about 1,000 Cps to about 1,000,000 Cps, or more, measured at a shear stress of 100 Pa in a rotational rheometer, like the AR2000 (TA instruments New Castle, Delaware, USA), using a 40-mm diameter cone- and-plate geometry at 25 0 C.
• a rotational rheometer like the AR2000 (TA instruments New Castle, Delaware, USA)
• Such a composition can exist as a gel up to at least about 13,000 Cps.
• the composition when the composition is in the form of a pliable solid, it can have a viscosity of from about 100,000 to about 1,000,000 Cps.
• the composition is in the form of a structure that is a structured polymeric pliable solid.
• a structure may be porous or non- porous.
• the structure may be homogeneous (which may also be referred to herein as "continuous"), or non-homogeneous.
• the composition comprises a non-porous, homogeneous, permeable, structured polymeric pliable solid.
• the volatile composition can be formed in a number of different manners.
• the composition can be made by adding the volatile ingredient(s) and volatile dye(s) to a carrier, such as polyethylene glycol (or "PEG").
• PEG polyethylene glycol
• the volatile ingredients, such as perfumes, and the volatile dyes are preferably miscible with the carrier, and after cooling, forms a pliable solid-like at room temperature.
• PEG is available in various molecular weights. While PEG's having low molecular weights (or "MW") (e.g., molecular weights less than 400) can be used as solvents for perfumes, such PEG's are liquids at room temperature, and may be used, but are not preferred for use in the compositions described herein.
• the MW of PEG is greater than or equal to about 1,000, or greater than or equal to about 4,000. It is desirable that the MW of PEG be greater than or equal to about 8,000.
• the molecular weight of PEG may be as high as 24,000, or higher. All molecular weights specified herein are weight average molecular weights.
• suitable carriers are hydrogenated castor oil and high chain fatty acids, particularly those with a chain length of greater than or equal to 14 carbon atoms.
• such a carrier and the volatile ingredient(s) may comprise more than about 20%, alternatively, more than about 50% of the composition, by weight.
• a structurant can be used for any suitable purpose. Examples of such purposes include, but are not limited to providing the structure formed by the composition with greater stability.
• the structurant can reduce the tendency of the structure to release the volatile material(s) and volatile dye(s) at low temperatures (e.g., ambient or storage or shipping temperatures). Thus, the volatile material(s) and volatile dye(s) will not be released until energy is applied to the structure in order to release the volatile material(s) and volatile dye(s).
• Any suitable structurant can be used. Suitable structurants comprise any substance that includes a divalent cation.
• Substances that comprise divalent cations include, but are not limited to magnesium and calcium containing molecules such as magnesium and calcium chloride, magnesium and calcium carbonate.
• Other suitable structurants include, but are not limited to derivatives of castor oil, including, but not limited to hydrogenated castor oil.
• the composition may also be desirable for the composition to include at least one wax.
• Waxes can be used for any suitable purpose, including, but not limited to raising the melting temperature of structure formed by the composition for improved stability. Any suitable wax(es) can be used. In certain embodiments, it is desirable for the wax to have a melting point that is greater than that of the carrier. If the carrier is PEG, the melting point of the wax may, for example, be greater than about 5O 0 C.
• Suitable waxes include, but are not limited to waxes that are derivatives of the carrier, for example, derivatives of PEG.
• Waxes that are derivatives of the carrier may be preferred because the structurants that are capable of structuring the carrier will also be able to structure the waxes in order to further raise the melting point of the entire matrix. It may also be desirable that the wax does not have an affinity for the volatile material so that it does not affect the emission rate or delivery of the volatile material.
• the composition is formed by combining polyethylene glycol (or "PEG”), hydrogenated castor oil, and a low level of at least one wax, at least one volatile ingredient, and at least one volatile dye.
• PEG polyethylene glycol
• the volatile ingredient(s) can comprise a number of components or compositions, including, but not limited to: fragrances (or perfume oils), flavors, pesticides, repellants, or mixtures thereof.
• the volatile ingredient(s) and volatile dye(s) can be combined with the carrier material in any suitable manner.
• suitable manners in which the volatile ingredient(s) and volatile dye(s) can be combined with the carrier material include, but are not limited to: by entrapment; the volatile ingredient(s) and volatile dye(s) can be dissolved in the carrier material; the volatile ingredient(s) and volatile dye(s) can be partially encapsulated or completely encapsulated in the carrier material.
• the components of the composition can be incorporated into the composition in any suitable amounts. In some embodiments, it may be desirable for the concentration of the volatile material(s) to be greater than about 5% of the composition. More preferably, the concentration of the volatile material(s) is greater than about 10% of the composition. In some embodiments, the concentration of the volatile material(s), such as the perfume ingredients, may be as high as about 75%, or more of the composition. In other embodiments, the amount of volatile material(s) may range range from about 25% to about 75% of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition contains up to about 0.1% of volatile dye by weight. In other embodiments, the composition contains up to about 0.08% of volatile dye by weight. In some embodiments, the composition contains at least about 0.001% of volatile dye by weight.
• the composition contains at least about 0.003% of volatile dye by weight.
• the carrier such as polyethylene glycol
• the carrier may comprise the balance of the composition. In some embodiments, the carrier may range from about 25% to about 75%, or more. In alternative embodiments, the carrier may be present in an amount that is less than this range.
• the structurant such as hydrogenated castor oil
• the wax level may range from about 0 to about 3%, 5%, or more. All percentages stated herein are by weight of the composition, unless stated otherwise.
• the amounts of the components are typically selected so that they total 100%. However, it is also possible for other components to be added to the composition, in which case the weights of the components such as the carrier, volatile material(s), volatile dye(s), structurant, and wax may total less than 100% of the composition.
• the structure (or matrix) comprising the composition can be thermally triggered or otherwise energized to emit the volatile material(s) and volatile dye(s).
• a structure can undergo a transition between a variety of different states depending on the temperature to which the structure is heated.
• the composition can exist in any of the following phases: solid, gel, liquid, and mixtures thereof.
• Each phase of the composition can provide different volatilization characteristics. In the case of scented materials, this can include different volatilization rates, intensities, scent characters, emission profiles, etc.
• the change in state of the composition is reversible in that it can change back to, or toward, more solid states.
• the form or state of the composition may be varied from solid-like to gel-like by controlling the proportions of the components of the composition.
• the composition will become less solid-like and more gel-like with the addition of additional structurant, such as hydrogenated castor oil.
• additional structurant such as hydrogenated castor oil.
• the reversible liquefication/gellation/solidif ⁇ cation of the structure can be used to regulate or control the release of the volatile material.
• the more highly volatile perfume components the “top notes" will volatilize first.
• the compositions described herein if the composition is heated above its melting point (until it becomes a liquid), the perception of the volatile composition will be more true to the desired essence of the character, scent, flavor, etc. of the volatile material since all of the components of the material will be emitted at the same intensity at the desired temperature and time from the highly volatile perfume components (the "top notes") to the less volatile (“bottom notes”).
• the melting point of the matrix is about 52 0 C.
• the composition it is desirable for the composition to be heated to a temperature that is in excess of the melting point of the carrier.
• the addition of perfume ingredients will typically lower the melting temperature of the composition. As perfume ingredients are volatilized, the melting temperature of the remaining portion of the composition will increase. If the composition is always heated to a melting temperature above that of the carrier, then this will always provide sufficient energy to the composition in order to emit the volatile components therefrom.
• the composition may provide certain advantages. It should be understood in this regard, however, that the composition need not provide any of these advantages unless specified in the appended claims.
• the composition can deliver a longer lasting aroma. For example, certain gels which have been previously used to contain volatile materials will release the more volatile perfume components even without being heated, or otherwise energized. This will reduce the longevity of such compositions, and will effect the character of the perfume that is emitted when the composition is heated.
• the composition can retain the volatile material(s) better than some other compositions during periods when the volatile material(s) are not intended to be emitted.
• the composition can be more compatible with the material of the container in which is placed (which may be referred to as "supporting material"). Often perfume oils are not compatible with plastics. However, when perfume oils are incorporated into the composition described herein, the composition may be more compatible with plastic materials. Without wishing to be bound to any particular theory, it is believed that the volatile material-containing composition described herein will have a greater surface tension than that of the perfume oil, to reduce or eliminate migration of the perfume oil from the composition, a phenomenom known as wicking. In some embodiments, the composition will have a surface tension of higher than 20 dyne/cm and lower than 25 dyne/cm.
• the composition will have good stability at elevated temperatures (e.g., up to about 12O 0 F, or 5O 0 C) and/or high humidity (e.g., up to; or greater than or equal to about 80% RH), even at high volatile material concentrations. That is, the composition will not change shape or physical state under such conditions. In certain embodiments, the composition provides a structure that will not change its physical state (e.g., become more liquid) even when it absorbs water, such as humidity.
• the composition may, in some embodiments, also be advantageous in that it may contain relatively high levels of volatile material (e.g., from about 25% to about 75% by weight of the composition).
• the composition can also incorporate a large number, range, spectrum (or portfolio) of different volatile materials. This is possible due to the ability to alter/adjust the polarity of the carrier to match the polarity of the volatile material by modifying the level of the structurant (e.g., hydrogenated castor oil).
• the polarity of the volatile material(s) can be in the range of from about 2 to about 5 Debyes, yet the compositions may still be stable under a wide range of storage conditions.
• compositions for example, vanilla, coffee, cinnamon, which are very polar, can be combined with fruits (e.g., lemon), or other types of perfume ingredients that are at the other end of the polarity spectrum.
• the structure of the composition that incorporates the volatile material(s) may be reversible (that is, it can be converted from a more solid state (e.g, a pliable solid) to a more liquid state, and then back to a more solid state). This may provide the composition with handling, storing, and processability benefits.
• reversible is used with respect to a change in the physical state of the composition and not to the ability to return to its initial condition. It should be understood that the amount of volatile components released or lost during use is an irreversible process.
• the volatile-containing composition of the present invention is contained in a device.
• the device has a window that allows a user of the device to view the composition as it changes color.
• the device preferably has a color code or color guide to assist a user of the device in interpreting color changes in the composition.
• One embodiment of the present invention provides a method of providing a visual indication of the depletion of a volatile material from a volatile material-containing composition.
• the method comprises providing a volatile material-containing composition comprising a carrier, a volatile dye that is miscible in the carrier and at least one volatile material that is miscible in the carrier.
• the composition has a melting temperature that is lower than the melting temperature of the carrier.
• the composition has a first state when energy is not applied to the composition, and a second energized state when energy is applied to the composition.
• the volatile material- containing composition is heated to a temperature above that of the melting temperature of the carrier, resulting in a portion of the volatile material and the volatile dye evaporating upon heating.
• the evaporation of the volatile dye results in a color change in the volatile material- containing composition.
• the composition returns to the first state.
• the evaporation rate of the volatile dye is within about 10% of the evaporation rate of the volatile material. More preferably, the evaporation rate of the volatile dye is within about 8% of the evaporation rate of the volatile material. Even more preferably, the evaporation rate of the volatile dye is within about 5% of the evaporation rate of the volatile material.
• Table 1 provides some non-limiting examples of scented compositions that can be made according to the description herein.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
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• Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
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• 2005
  • 2005-07-11 EP EP05771315A patent/EP1765421A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-07-11 CA CA002573425A patent/CA2573425A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-07-11 WO PCT/US2005/024729 patent/WO2006017304A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2005-07-11 MX MX2007000486A patent/MX2007000486A/es unknown
  • 2005-07-11 KR KR1020077000805A patent/KR20070020134A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2005-07-11 JP JP2007521579A patent/JP2008505736A/ja active Pending

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