EP1756418A1 - Modular hydraulic machine and a hydraulic micro-station - Google Patents

Modular hydraulic machine and a hydraulic micro-station

Info

Publication number
EP1756418A1
EP1756418A1 EP04731380A EP04731380A EP1756418A1 EP 1756418 A1 EP1756418 A1 EP 1756418A1 EP 04731380 A EP04731380 A EP 04731380A EP 04731380 A EP04731380 A EP 04731380A EP 1756418 A1 EP1756418 A1 EP 1756418A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydraulic
hydrauuque
modular
chamber
wheel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04731380A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Christophe Maillard De La Morandais
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AZ TECHNOLOGIES Sas
Original Assignee
Az Ingenierie SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Az Ingenierie SA filed Critical Az Ingenierie SA
Publication of EP1756418A1 publication Critical patent/EP1756418A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/02—Casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/08—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator for removing foreign matter, e.g. mud
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/08—Machine or engine aggregates in dams or the like; Conduits therefor, e.g. diffusors
    • F03B13/086—Plants characterised by the use of siphons; their regulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/10—Submerged units incorporating electric generators or motors
    • F03B13/105—Bulb groups
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B15/00—Controlling
    • F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
    • F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
    • F03B15/06—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
    • F03B15/16—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically by power output
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/04—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto with substantially axial flow throughout rotors, e.g. propeller turbines
    • F03B3/06—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto with substantially axial flow throughout rotors, e.g. propeller turbines with adjustable blades, e.g. Kaplan turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/16—Stators
    • F03B3/18—Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
    • F05B2240/133—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines with a convergent-divergent guiding structure, e.g. a Venturi conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/60—Fluid transfer
    • F05B2260/63—Preventing clogging or obstruction of flow paths by dirt, dust, or foreign particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a low-drop hydraulic machine, and in particular to a modular hydraulic machine of simple construction and capable of adapting to a wide variety of installations.
  • the machine of the invention is used in particular, but not exclusively, for the generation of energy in developing countries. State of the art
  • the patent FR 1217810 - describes low-power micro-plants of simple construction and maintenance. However, these are relatively heavy structures and require a dam. This type of investment is only justified when powers of at least a few hundred kW are required and when there is a waterfall with a sufficiently large flow rate.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a simple and modular hydraulic machine, which can be used for small-scale energy production, while retaining good energy efficiency and high reliability.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a low-drop hydraulic machine which can be easily adapted to a variety of hydraulic conditions, and in particular to several heights of fall.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic micro-power plant which can be installed next to a waterfall and without requiring a dam.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a machine free from the drawbacks of the prior art.
  • a modular low-drop hydraulic machine comprising: at least one detachable hydraulic wheel manually, on an axis; at least one user device, driven by said axis, for transforming the energy generated by said hydraulic wheel; a control module, for taking part of the energy generated by said hydraulic wheel and for stabilizing the rotation of said hydraulic wheel at a predetermined speed and operating power; said hydraulic machine can be adapted to different heights of fall by replacing or adjusting said hydraulic wheel.
  • the invention derives from the observation that the existing hydroelectric machines are either very efficient machines but specially designed to adapt to a well defined hydraulic condition of drop and flow, or excessively simple machines whose yield and reliability in real conditions is far from optimal performance.
  • the device of the invention can easily be adapted to authors of different falls thanks to the adjustment device which imposes, for any level of power required, a constant and stable rotation speed. Under these conditions, the efficiency of the machine can be optimized simply by choosing a hydraulic wheel whose pitch and diameter adapt to the hydraulic pressure and the desired power. Description of the drawings
  • Figure 1 shows a hydraulic machine according to the invention comprising a detachable wheel with fixed blades.
  • FIG. 2 represents a variant of the hydraulic machine according to the invention comprising a detachable wheel with adjustable blades.
  • Figure 3 shows a hydraulic micro-power plant according to the invention comprising a hydraulic machine in a sealed box.
  • Figure 4 schematically shows a hydroelectric generator according to the invention in which the excess power is dissipated in a resistance bank.
  • Figure 5 schematically shows a hydraulic machine according to the invention driving a fluid pump.
  • Figure 6 schematically shows a hydroelectric generator according to the invention in which the excess power is used in an auxiliary use device.
  • Figures 7 and 8 schematically represent a hydroelectric generator according to another aspect of the invention. De scription of etailed e I 9 invention
  • the hydraulic machine 10 comprises upstream a funnel cone 1 containing inside a distributor 3.
  • the distributor comprises, according to this embodiment, four fixed inclined curved surfaces intended to impart a movement of circulation to the water which descends in the cone 1.
  • Inside the entoning cone 1 is also the electric generator 31, protected by a sealed casing 2.
  • the generator 31 is driven by an impeller 4 detachably fixed directly on its axis.
  • the conical hub 9 and the diffuser 8 guarantee the flow of water downstream.
  • the electric generator 31 is preferably an asynchronous electric motor of standard type coupled to an appropriate bank of capacitors.
  • the dimensions of the machines depend on the diameters of these standardized motors.
  • the electrical power generated can vary between 100 watts and 20 kilowatts approximately.
  • the impeller 4 comprises, in this embodiment of the invention, four blades 5 with fixed inclination and constant or almost constant chord. This arrangement allows the use of a simple cylindrical nozzle 18 around the wheel 4, with a modest loss of efficiency compared to the optimal geometry.
  • the working point adjustment device is now described with reference to FIG. 4.
  • the wheel 4 rotates the generator 31 which produces, at the terminals electric 32, an alternating voltage for example of 240 V and 50 Hz.
  • An electronic adjustment circuit 50 measures the rotation speed of the wheel, for example by frequency measurement, and dissipates a certain amount of energy in the resistor 51 when the speed of rotation exceeds the predetermined nominal speed. In this way the wheel always turns at nominal speed and power regardless of the power taken from the output terminals 32.
  • the circuit 50 also integrates the functions of protection against overvoltages and overloads and of differential protection of the users.
  • the hydraulic parameters can be optimized simply by choosing the inclination of the blades 5 as a function of the available drop height, therefore at hydraulic pressure.
  • optimization is carried out by choosing the most suitable wheel from an assortment of preset wheels.
  • the wheel 4 is mounted on the axis of the motor 31 so as to simplify its replacement by hand tools. This arrangement allows a quick change of the wheel also to remedy faults and to access the motor 31.
  • the optimal setting angle of the blades 5 depends only on the height of fall. It is therefore possible to collect this information in a simple table, for example, to allow users to choose the optimal wheel according to the desired power and the available drop height, without the need for calculations.
  • the wheel 4 directly drives a pump for fluid 33, for example a pump for raising the water necessary for irrigation or for pumping drinking water.
  • a pump for fluid 33 for example a pump for raising the water necessary for irrigation or for pumping drinking water.
  • This variant of the invention therefore directly uses the mechanical energy generated by the wheel 4, without electrical conversion.
  • the regulation of the working point at constant speed is carried out by a hydrostatic valve 51 which deviates part of the pumped water towards the return line 52.
  • the pump 33 therefore operates at constant pressure and flow regardless of the quantity of water taken from outlet 34 of the pump.
  • the present invention allows direct use of the mechanical energy produced by the wheel 4 for other uses, for example the wheel 4 could directly drive a compressor or a pump. heat for the production of cold or heat.
  • the excess electrical power generated by a generator 31 is used in a device for use or storage 52, instead of simply being dissipated.
  • Energy that is not immediately required can be used, for example, to charge batteries, operate an electric water pump, to power high-efficiency light bulbs or light modules or for static production of cold or heat.
  • the wheel 7 has vanes 5 with adjustable inclination.
  • Each blade 5 is fixed to the wheel 7 by a turntable 6.
  • An interior mechanism, not shown, allows the blades 5 to rotate simultaneously and lock them in the desired setting angle.
  • the spherical nozzle9 allows the variable inclination of the blades 5 with a minimum dead space.
  • Figure 3 shows another embodiment of the invention in which a hydraulic machine 10 is integrated in a sealed box 20 to produce a modular hydraulic micro power plant.
  • the box 20 is divided into two chambers 21 and 22 by a vertical partition 25.
  • the upstream chamber 21 and the downstream chamber 22 communicate via the sand filter 30 fixed on the partition 25.
  • the filter 30 is a sieve or cloth filter or any other filter capable of retaining sand and sediment and preventing it from entering the hydraulic machine 10.
  • the box 20 is preferably installed near the waterfall and receives water from a collection installed upstream of the fall through the intake opening 28.
  • the box 20 also includes a filter grid 26 to retain coarse solid bodies, such as branches, foliage and stones.
  • a light 32 allows the continuous evacuation of the material retained by the grid 26.
  • the chamber 21 also allows the sedimentation of sediment 24.
  • the sand and the gravel 24 accumulate at the bottom of the chamber 21 and can be eliminated by a purge door 31.
  • the downstream chamber 22 contains the hydraulic machine and serves as a siphon to prevent access to air bubbles in the machine 10.
  • a valve (not shown) is provided for priming the siphon.
  • the generator 31 can be housed above and outside the water, as shown in Figure 3, or inside a submerged waterproof cover 2, as in Figure 1, depending on the power required and the size of the generator.
  • the water leaving the hydraulic machine 10 through the outlet pipe 28 passes through the lower chamber 23 and leaves through the opening 29.
  • the overflow 35 prevents the emptying of the second chamber 22 in the event of interruption of the flow d 'water.
  • the outlet pipe can be extended downwards to increase the hydraulic power. In this case it passes through the bottom of the box 20 through an opening made for this purpose. Wastewater can be returned to the original watercourse or used for other uses, for example for irrigation.
  • a hydraulic actuator not shown sensitive to the variation of pressure of the chambers 21 and 22 triggers the opening of the drain 31 which has the effect of emptying the sediments as well as the water contained in the chamber 21 then 22, which causes the filter to be cleaned by reversing the current of water to sand 30.
  • the purge door closes automatically as soon as the purge cycle is finished, the machine also reboots as soon as the boxes 21 and 22 are filled automatically.
  • the box 20 is made by grinding in a suitable plastic material, for example ABS.
  • a suitable plastic material for example ABS.
  • it can also be made of resin reinforced with glass fibers or by another known process.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 Another variant of the present invention is now described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • the machine is housed inside a straight nozzle 40.
  • the hydraulic wheel 4 is upstream relative to the support structure 41.
  • the hydraulic wheel has a conical hub 45 upstream, surrounded by the fixed blades of the diffuser 3.
  • the electric generator is located inside the wheel 4 and consists of a wound stator 32 integral of the fixed axis 38, surrounded by a permanent armament rotor 33 secured to the wheel 4.
  • the wheel 4 is free to rotate around the fixed axis thanks to the two bearings 35 and 36.
  • the wheel 4 is placed, or snapped onto the axis 38, so that it can be simply removed without the need for tools, if necessary.
  • the gravity and the dynamic pressure of the water are sufficient to keep the wheel 4 in place during the normal operation of the hydraulic machine.
  • the interior volume of the wheel 4 can be made watertight by a flexible joint or another sealing device.
  • the machine of the invention can also be executed in a non-waterproof version, in order to simplify the production and the dismantling.
  • the air present inside the wheel 4 prevents the penetration of water. Diverging outward grooves formed between the permanent magnets 33 facilitate the expulsion of water by centrifugal effect.
  • the wound stator is preferably coated with waterproof resin to protect it from splashing water and the bearings 35 are also protected by lubrication.
  • sealed bearings can also be used.
  • the micro power plant of the invention can be adapted to a wide variety of hydraulic conditions by simply choosing the size, therefore the power of the machine, and the pitch of the impeller, as already explained.
  • the plant can be simply installed near a river, without the need for a dam or major civil engineering works.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

The inventive low-fall modular hydraulic machine (10) is usable for producing hydraulic power or for directly using mechanical power and comprises an adjusting element (50) for setting a stable operating mode with constant speed and power irrespective of the instantaneous power required by a user. The excess power can be used for charging batteries, pumping water, generating heat or cold or simply dissipated in resistances (51). Said machine (10) is adaptable to different waterfall heights by substituting a hydraulic wheel (4) by a different pitch wheel or by manually adjusting the blades thereof. The entire micro-station consisting of a sealed chamber (20) which comprises said hydraulic machine can be located near a dam-free waterfall.

Description

Description MACHINE HYDRAULIQUE MODULAIRE ET MICROCENTRALE HYDRAULIQUE Domaine technique Description MODULAR HYDRAULIC AND MICROCENTRAL HYDRAULIC MACHINE Technical area
[001] La présente invention se rapporte à une machine hydraulique de basse chute, et notamment à une machine hydraulique modulaire de construction simple et pouvant s'adapter à une grande variété d'installations. La machine de l'invention est utilisée notamment, mais pas exclusivement, pour la génération d'énergie dans des pays en voie de développement. Etat de la t echniqueThe present invention relates to a low-drop hydraulic machine, and in particular to a modular hydraulic machine of simple construction and capable of adapting to a wide variety of installations. The machine of the invention is used in particular, but not exclusively, for the generation of energy in developing countries. State of the art
[002] Les énergies renouvelables représentent une ressource considérable et entrent parfaitement dans le cadre de la lutte contre les émissions de polluant divers et de CO .Renewable energies represent a considerable resource and are perfectly suited to the fight against emissions of various pollutants and CO.
[003] Les pays en voie de développement possèdent généralement des ressources naturelles abondantes et exploitables comme l'eau et le soleil. Pourtant les énergies renouvelables ont de la peine à s'imposer dans ces pays face, par exemple, aux petits groupes électrogènes à essence. Parmi les raisons de ce retard on peut citer la difficulté de dimensionner, produire et entretenir une microcentrale classique, qui soit adaptée aux conditions hydrauliques d'une rivière bien définie.Developing countries generally have abundant and exploitable natural resources such as water and the sun. However, renewable energies are struggling to impose themselves in these countries, for example, faced with small gasoline generators. Among the reasons for this delay we can cite the difficulty of dimensioning, producing and maintaining a conventional micro-power plant, which is adapted to the hydraulic conditions of a well-defined river.
[004] Le brevet FR 1217810 -. par exemple décrit des microcentrales de basse chute de construction et d'entretien simple. Il s'agit toutefois d'ouvrages relativement lourds et nécessitant un barrage. Ce type d'investissement ne se justifie que lors des puissances d'au moins quelques centaines de kW sont requises et qu'on dispose d'une chute d'eau avec un débit suffisamment important.The patent FR 1217810 -. for example, describes low-power micro-plants of simple construction and maintenance. However, these are relatively heavy structures and require a dam. This type of investment is only justified when powers of at least a few hundred kW are required and when there is a waterfall with a sufficiently large flow rate.
[005] On connaît aussi des petites machines hydroélectriques, pouvant être installées à coté d'une chute d'eau ou directement dans un cours d'eau et constituées souvent d'une simple hélice couplée à une génératrice électrique. Le rendement de ce type de dispositif est souvent très modeste. En outre ces machines fonctionnent généralement à des régimes de rotation très variables en fonction de la hauteur de chute et de la puissance électrique qu'elles sont appelées à produire. En ces conditions des phénomènes de cavitation peuvent se manifester, et entraîner des défaillances de ces installations.Also known are small hydroelectric machines, which can be installed next to a waterfall or directly in a stream and often consist of a single propeller coupled to an electric generator. The performance of this type of device is often very modest. In addition, these machines generally operate at very variable rotation regimes as a function of the height of fall and of the electrical power which they are called upon to produce. Under these conditions cavitation phenomena can occur, and cause failures of these installations.
[006] Un autre inconvénient des dispositifs connus est que leur entretien est souvent difficile ou impossible sans avoir recours à des moyens spécialisés, ce qui limite les possibilités d'emploi dans les pays en voie de développement. [007] Un but de la présente invention est de proposer une machine hydraulique simple et modulaire, pouvant être employée pour la production d'énergie à petite échelle, tout en conservant un bon rendement énergétique et une fiabilité élevée.Another drawback of the known devices is that their maintenance is often difficult or impossible without having recourse to specialized means, which limits the employment possibilities in the developing countries. An object of the present invention is to provide a simple and modular hydraulic machine, which can be used for small-scale energy production, while retaining good energy efficiency and high reliability.
[008] Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer une machine hydraulique de faible chute pouvant être adaptée facilement à une variété de conditions hydrauliques, et notamment à plusieurs hauteurs de chute.Another object of the present invention is to provide a low-drop hydraulic machine which can be easily adapted to a variety of hydraulic conditions, and in particular to several heights of fall.
[009] Encore un but de la présente invention est de proposer une microcentrale hydraulique pouvant être installée à coté d'une chute d'eau et sans nécessiter de barrage.Another object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic micro-power plant which can be installed next to a waterfall and without requiring a dam.
[010] Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer une machine exempte des inconvénients de l'art antérieur.Another object of the present invention is to provide a machine free from the drawbacks of the prior art.
[011] Ces buts sont atteints par le dispositif qui fait l'objet de la revendication indépendante, les revendications dépendantes présentant des caractéristiques optionnelles de l'invention, et notamment par une machine hydraulique modulaire de basse chute comprenant: au mois une roue hydraulique détachable manuellement, sur un axe; au moins un dispositif utilisateur, entraîné par ledit axe, pour transformer l'énergie générée par ladite roue hydraulique; un module de contrôle, pour prélever une partie de l'énergie généré par ladite roue hydraulique et pour stabiliser la rotation de ladite roue hydraulique à une vitesse et puissance de fonctionnement prédéterminées ; ladite machine hydraulique pouvant être adaptée à des hauteurs de chute différentes par le replacement ou par l'ajustage de ladite roue hydraulique.These objects are achieved by the device which is the subject of the independent claim, the dependent claims having optional features of the invention, and in particular by a modular low-drop hydraulic machine comprising: at least one detachable hydraulic wheel manually, on an axis; at least one user device, driven by said axis, for transforming the energy generated by said hydraulic wheel; a control module, for taking part of the energy generated by said hydraulic wheel and for stabilizing the rotation of said hydraulic wheel at a predetermined speed and operating power; said hydraulic machine can be adapted to different heights of fall by replacing or adjusting said hydraulic wheel.
[012] L'invention dérive de l'observation que les machines hydroélectriques existantes sont soit des machines très performantes mais spécialement conçues pour s'adapter à une condition hydraulique bien définie de chute et débit, soit des machines excessivement simples dont le rendement et la fiabihté en conditions réelles sont très loin des performances optimales.The invention derives from the observation that the existing hydroelectric machines are either very efficient machines but specially designed to adapt to a well defined hydraulic condition of drop and flow, or excessively simple machines whose yield and reliability in real conditions is far from optimal performance.
[013] Le dispositif de l'invention peut s'adapter aisément à des auteurs de chutes différentes grâce au dispositif de réglage qui impose, pour n'importe quel niveau de puissance requise, un régime de rotation constant et stable. En ces conditions le rendement de la machine peut être optimisé simplement en choisissant une roue hydraulique dont le pas et le diamètre s'adaptent à la pression hydraulique et à la puissance recherchée. Description des dessinsThe device of the invention can easily be adapted to authors of different falls thanks to the adjustment device which imposes, for any level of power required, a constant and stable rotation speed. Under these conditions, the efficiency of the machine can be optimized simply by choosing a hydraulic wheel whose pitch and diameter adapt to the hydraulic pressure and the desired power. Description of the drawings
[014] La figure 1 représente une machine hydraulique selon l'invention comprenant une roue détachable à aubes fixes. [015] La figure 2 représente une variante de la machine hydraulique selon l'invention comprenant une roue détachable à aubes ajustables. [016] La figure 3 représente une microcentrale hydraulique selon l'invention comprenant une machine hydraulique dans un caisson étanche. [017] La figure 4 représente schématiquement un générateur hydroélectrique selon l'invention dans lequel la puissance excédentaire est dissipée dans un banc de résistances. [018] La figure 5 représente schématiquement une machine hydraulique selon l'invention entraînant une pompe de fluide. [019] La figure 6 représente schématiquement un générateur hydroélectrique selon l'invention dans lequel la puissance excédentaire est utilisée dans un dispositif d'utilisation auxiliaire. [020] Les figures 7 et 8 représentent schématiquement un générateur hydroélectrique selon un autre aspect de l'invention. De scription d é taill é e de I 9 invention[014] Figure 1 shows a hydraulic machine according to the invention comprising a detachable wheel with fixed blades. FIG. 2 represents a variant of the hydraulic machine according to the invention comprising a detachable wheel with adjustable blades. [016] Figure 3 shows a hydraulic micro-power plant according to the invention comprising a hydraulic machine in a sealed box. [017] Figure 4 schematically shows a hydroelectric generator according to the invention in which the excess power is dissipated in a resistance bank. [018] Figure 5 schematically shows a hydraulic machine according to the invention driving a fluid pump. [019] Figure 6 schematically shows a hydroelectric generator according to the invention in which the excess power is used in an auxiliary use device. [020] Figures 7 and 8 schematically represent a hydroelectric generator according to another aspect of the invention. De scription of etailed e I 9 invention
[021] Avec référence à la figure 1, un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention est maintenant décrit. La machine hydraulique 10 comprend en amont un cône d'entonnement 1 renfermant à son intérieur un distributeur 3. Le distributeur comporte, selon ce mode de réalisation, quatre surfaces courbes inclinées fixes destinées à imprimer un mouvement de circulation à l'eau qui descend dans le cône 1. A l'intérieur du cône d'entonnement 1 se trouve aussi la génératrice électrique 31, protégée par un boîtier étanche 2. La génératrice 31 est entraînée par une roue à aubes 4 fixée de manière détachable directement sur son axe. Le moyeu conique 9 et le diffuseur 8 garantissent l'écoulement des eaux en aval.With reference to Figure 1, a first embodiment of the invention is now described. The hydraulic machine 10 comprises upstream a funnel cone 1 containing inside a distributor 3. The distributor comprises, according to this embodiment, four fixed inclined curved surfaces intended to impart a movement of circulation to the water which descends in the cone 1. Inside the entoning cone 1 is also the electric generator 31, protected by a sealed casing 2. The generator 31 is driven by an impeller 4 detachably fixed directly on its axis. The conical hub 9 and the diffuser 8 guarantee the flow of water downstream.
[022] Dans le but de simplifier la construction et l'approvisionnement, la génératrice électrique 31 est préférablement un moteur électrique asynchrone de type standard couplé à un banc de condensateurs approprié. Les dimensions des machines dépendent des diamètres de ces moteurs standardisés. La puissance électrique générée peut varier entre 100 watts et 20 kilowatts approximativement.In order to simplify construction and supply, the electric generator 31 is preferably an asynchronous electric motor of standard type coupled to an appropriate bank of capacitors. The dimensions of the machines depend on the diameters of these standardized motors. The electrical power generated can vary between 100 watts and 20 kilowatts approximately.
[023] Il est possible d'employer d'autres types de moteurs : par exemple une génératrice à aimants permanents ou une génératrice à réluctance variable ou même, dans certains cas, un alternateur d'automobile ou toute autre génératrice électrique connue.It is possible to use other types of motors: for example a permanent magnet generator or a variable reluctance generator or even, in certain cases, an automobile alternator or any other known electric generator.
[024] La roue à aubes 4 comporte, dans ce mode de réalisation de l'invention, quatre aubes 5 à inclinaison fixe et corde constante ou presque constante. Cette disposition autorise l'emploi d'une simple tuyère cylindrique 18 autour de la roue 4, avec une modeste perte d'efficacité par rapport à la géométrie optimale.The impeller 4 comprises, in this embodiment of the invention, four blades 5 with fixed inclination and constant or almost constant chord. This arrangement allows the use of a simple cylindrical nozzle 18 around the wheel 4, with a modest loss of efficiency compared to the optimal geometry.
[025] Le dispositif de réglage du point de travail est maintenant décrit avec référence à la figure 4. La roue 4 entraîne en rotation la génératrice 31 qui produit, aux bornes électriques 32, une tension alternée par exemple de 240 V et 50 Hz. Un circuit électronique de réglage 50 mesure la vitesse de rotation de la roue, par exemple par mesure de fréquence, et dissipe une certaine quantité d'énergie dans la résistance 51 lorsque la vitesse de rotation dépasse la vitesse nominale prédéterminée. De cette manière la roue tourne toujours à la vitesse et à la puissance nominales quelle que soit la puissance prélevée aux bornes de sortie 32.The working point adjustment device is now described with reference to FIG. 4. The wheel 4 rotates the generator 31 which produces, at the terminals electric 32, an alternating voltage for example of 240 V and 50 Hz. An electronic adjustment circuit 50 measures the rotation speed of the wheel, for example by frequency measurement, and dissipates a certain amount of energy in the resistor 51 when the speed of rotation exceeds the predetermined nominal speed. In this way the wheel always turns at nominal speed and power regardless of the power taken from the output terminals 32.
[026] Préférablement, le circuit 50 intègre aussi les fonctions de protection contre les surtensions et les surcharges et de protection différentielle des utilisateurs.[026] Preferably, the circuit 50 also integrates the functions of protection against overvoltages and overloads and of differential protection of the users.
[027] Une fois que la vitesse de rotation de la roue 4 est déterminée, les paramètres hydrauliques peuvent être optimisés simplement en choisissant l'inclinaison des aubages 5 en fonction de la hauteur de chute disponible, donc à la pression hydraulique.[027] Once the speed of rotation of the wheel 4 is determined, the hydraulic parameters can be optimized simply by choosing the inclination of the blades 5 as a function of the available drop height, therefore at hydraulic pressure.
[028] Du fait que l'inclinaison des aubages dans ce mode de réalisation est fixe, l'optimisation est effectuée en choisissant la roue la plus adaptée dans un assortiment de roues préréglées.Because the inclination of the blades in this embodiment is fixed, optimization is carried out by choosing the most suitable wheel from an assortment of preset wheels.
[029] A cette fin la roue 4 est montée sur l'axe du moteur 31 de manière à simplifier son replacement par des outils manuels. Cette disposition permet un changement rapide de la roue aussi pour remédier à des défaillances et pour accéder au moteur 31.[029] To this end the wheel 4 is mounted on the axis of the motor 31 so as to simplify its replacement by hand tools. This arrangement allows a quick change of the wheel also to remedy faults and to access the motor 31.
[030] Pour une puissance nominale donnée, et donc un diamètre déterminé de la machine, l'angle de calage optimal des aubages 5 ne dépend que de la hauteur de chute. H est donc possible de recueillir ces informations dans un simple tableau, par exemple, pour permettre aux utilisateurs de choisir la roue optimale en fonction de la puissance souhaitée et de la hauteur de chute disponible, sans besoin de calculs.For a given nominal power, and therefore a determined diameter of the machine, the optimal setting angle of the blades 5 depends only on the height of fall. It is therefore possible to collect this information in a simple table, for example, to allow users to choose the optimal wheel according to the desired power and the available drop height, without the need for calculations.
[031] Dans un mode ultérieur de réalisation, représenté sur la figure 5, la roue 4 entraîne directement une pompe pour fluide 33, par exemple une pompe pour soulever l'eau nécessaire à l'irrigation ou pour le pompage d'eau potable. Cette variante de l'invention utilise donc directement l'énergie mécanique générée par la roue 4, sans conversion électrique. En ce cas, la régulation du point de travail à vitesse constante est effectuée par une vanne hydrostatique 51 qui dévie une partie de l'eau pompée vers la conduite de retour 52. La pompe 33 fonctionne donc à pression et débit constants indépendamment de la quantité d'eau prélevée à la sortie 34 de la pompe.[031] In a subsequent embodiment, shown in FIG. 5, the wheel 4 directly drives a pump for fluid 33, for example a pump for raising the water necessary for irrigation or for pumping drinking water. This variant of the invention therefore directly uses the mechanical energy generated by the wheel 4, without electrical conversion. In this case, the regulation of the working point at constant speed is carried out by a hydrostatic valve 51 which deviates part of the pumped water towards the return line 52. The pump 33 therefore operates at constant pressure and flow regardless of the quantity of water taken from outlet 34 of the pump.
[032] Dans d' autres modes de réalisation non représentés, la présente invention permet d' exploiter directement l'énergie mécanique produite par la roue 4 pour d'autres utilisations, par exemple la roue 4 pourrait entraîner directement un compresseur ou une pompe de chaleur pour la production de froid ou de chaud.In other embodiments not shown, the present invention allows direct use of the mechanical energy produced by the wheel 4 for other uses, for example the wheel 4 could directly drive a compressor or a pump. heat for the production of cold or heat.
[033] Dans un mode ultérieur de réalisation représenté sur la figure 6, la puissance électrique excédentaire générée par une génératrice 31 est utilisée dans un dispositif d'utilisation ou de stockage 52, au Heu d'être simplement dissipée. L'énergie non immédiatement requise peur être utilisée par exemple pour charger des batteries, pour actionner une pompe à eau électrique, pour alimenter des ampoules ou des modules lumineux à haut rendement ou pour la production statique de froid ou de chaud.In a subsequent embodiment shown in Figure 6, the excess electrical power generated by a generator 31 is used in a device for use or storage 52, instead of simply being dissipated. Energy that is not immediately required can be used, for example, to charge batteries, operate an electric water pump, to power high-efficiency light bulbs or light modules or for static production of cold or heat.
[034] Un autre mode de réalisation est maintenant décrit par rapport à la figure 2. Dans cette variante la roue 7 comporte des aubes 5 à inclinaison ajustable. Chaque aube 5 est fixé à la roue 7 par un plateau tournant 6. Un mécanisme intérieur non représenté permet la rotation simultanée des aubes 5 et leur blocage dans l'angle de calage souhaité. La tuyère sphériquel9 permet l'inclinaison variable des aubes 5 avec un espace mort minimale.[034] Another embodiment is now described with respect to FIG. 2. In this variant, the wheel 7 has vanes 5 with adjustable inclination. Each blade 5 is fixed to the wheel 7 by a turntable 6. An interior mechanism, not shown, allows the blades 5 to rotate simultaneously and lock them in the desired setting angle. The spherical nozzle9 allows the variable inclination of the blades 5 with a minimum dead space.
[035] La figure 3 représente un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention dans lequel une machine hydraulique 10 est intégrée dans un caisson étanche 20 pour réaliser une micro centrale hydraulique modulaire.[035] Figure 3 shows another embodiment of the invention in which a hydraulic machine 10 is integrated in a sealed box 20 to produce a modular hydraulic micro power plant.
[036] Le caisson 20 est partagé en deux chambres 21 et 22 par une cloison verticale 25. La chambre en amont 21 et la chambre en aval 22 communiquent par l'intermédiaire du filtre à sable 30 fixée sur la cloison 25. Le filtre 30 est un tamis ou un filtre en tissu ou tout autre filtre apte à retenir le sable et les sédiments et à empêcher qu'ils puissent entrer dans la machine hydraulique 10.The box 20 is divided into two chambers 21 and 22 by a vertical partition 25. The upstream chamber 21 and the downstream chamber 22 communicate via the sand filter 30 fixed on the partition 25. The filter 30 is a sieve or cloth filter or any other filter capable of retaining sand and sediment and preventing it from entering the hydraulic machine 10.
[037] Le caisson 20 est préférablement installé à proximité de la chute d'eau et reçoit l'eau depuis un captage installé en amont de la chute par l'ouverture d'admission 28. Préférablement le caisson 20 comprend aussi une grille de filtrage 26 pour retenir les corps solides grossiers, tels que branches, feuillages et pierres. Une lumière 32 permet l'évacuation continue du matériel retenu par la grille 26.[037] The box 20 is preferably installed near the waterfall and receives water from a collection installed upstream of the fall through the intake opening 28. Preferably the box 20 also includes a filter grid 26 to retain coarse solid bodies, such as branches, foliage and stones. A light 32 allows the continuous evacuation of the material retained by the grid 26.
[038] La chambre 21 permet aussi la de décantation des sédiments 24. Le sable et le gravier 24 s'accumulent au fond de la chambre 21 et peuvent être éliminés par une porte de purge 31.[038] The chamber 21 also allows the sedimentation of sediment 24. The sand and the gravel 24 accumulate at the bottom of the chamber 21 and can be eliminated by a purge door 31.
[039] La chambre en aval 22 contient la machine hydraulique et sert de siphon pour empêcher l'accès de bulle d'air dans la machine 10. Une soupape non représentée est prévue pour l'amorçage du siphon. La génératrice 31 peut être logé supérieurement et en dehors de l'eau, comme représenté sur la figure 3, ou à l'intérieur d'une housse étanche submergée 2, comme sur la figure 1, selon la puissance requise et la dimension de la génératrice.[039] The downstream chamber 22 contains the hydraulic machine and serves as a siphon to prevent access to air bubbles in the machine 10. A valve (not shown) is provided for priming the siphon. The generator 31 can be housed above and outside the water, as shown in Figure 3, or inside a submerged waterproof cover 2, as in Figure 1, depending on the power required and the size of the generator.
[040] L'eau sortant de la machine hydraulique 10 par la conduite de sortie 28 traverse la chambre inférieure 23 et sort par l'ouverture 29. Le déversoir 35 empêche la vidange de la seconde chambre 22 en cas d'interruption du flux d'eau. Selon la hauteur de chute disponible la conduite de sortie peut être allongée vers le bas, afin d'augmenter la puissance hydraulique. En ce cas elle traverse le fond du caisson 20 par une ouverture pratiquée à cet effet. L'eau usée peut être retournée vers le cours d'eau d'origine ou employée pour d'autres usages, par exemple pour l'irrigation.The water leaving the hydraulic machine 10 through the outlet pipe 28 passes through the lower chamber 23 and leaves through the opening 29. The overflow 35 prevents the emptying of the second chamber 22 in the event of interruption of the flow d 'water. Depending on the available drop height, the outlet pipe can be extended downwards to increase the hydraulic power. In this case it passes through the bottom of the box 20 through an opening made for this purpose. Wastewater can be returned to the original watercourse or used for other uses, for example for irrigation.
[041] Optionnellement un actuateur hydraulique non représenté sensible à la variation de pression des chambres 21 et 22 déclenche l'ouverture de la purge 31 ce qui à pour effet de vider les sédiments ainsi que l'eau contenue dans la chambre 21 puis 22, ce qui provoque par inversion du courant d'eau le nettoyage du filtre à sable 30. La porte de purge se referme automatiquement dès que le cycle de purge est terminé, la machine se réamorçant également dès que les caissons 21 et 22 sont remplis automatiquement.[041] Optionally a hydraulic actuator not shown sensitive to the variation of pressure of the chambers 21 and 22 triggers the opening of the drain 31 which has the effect of emptying the sediments as well as the water contained in the chamber 21 then 22, which causes the filter to be cleaned by reversing the current of water to sand 30. The purge door closes automatically as soon as the purge cycle is finished, the machine also reboots as soon as the boxes 21 and 22 are filled automatically.
[042] Préférablement le caisson 20 est réalisé par meulage en un matériau plastique approprié, par exemple ABS. En cas d'une petite série il peut aussi être fabriqué en résine renforcée avec des fibres de verre ou par un autre procédé connu.[042] Preferably the box 20 is made by grinding in a suitable plastic material, for example ABS. In the case of a small series, it can also be made of resin reinforced with glass fibers or by another known process.
[043] Une autre variante de la présente invention est maintenant décrite avec référence aux figures 7 et 8. En cette variante la machine est logée à l'intérieur d'une tuyère droite 40. La roue hydraulique 4 est en amont par rapport à la structure de support 41. La roue hydraulique présente un moyeu conique 45 vers l'amont, entouré par les pales fixes du diffuseur 3. La génératrice électrique se trouve à l'intérieur de la roue 4 et se compose d'un stator bobiné 32 solidaire de l'axe fixe 38, entouré par un rotor à armants permanents 33 solidaire de la roue 4.[043] Another variant of the present invention is now described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. In this variant, the machine is housed inside a straight nozzle 40. The hydraulic wheel 4 is upstream relative to the support structure 41. The hydraulic wheel has a conical hub 45 upstream, surrounded by the fixed blades of the diffuser 3. The electric generator is located inside the wheel 4 and consists of a wound stator 32 integral of the fixed axis 38, surrounded by a permanent armament rotor 33 secured to the wheel 4.
[044] La roue 4 est libre de tourner autour de l' axe fixe grâce aux deux roulements 35 et 36. Avantageusement la roue 4 est posée, ou encliquetée sur l'axe 38, de manière à pouvoir être simplement retirée sans besoin d'outils, si nécessaire. La gravité et la pression dynamique de l'eau sont suffisantes pour maintenir la roue 4 en place pendant le fonctionnement normal de la machine hydraulique.[044] The wheel 4 is free to rotate around the fixed axis thanks to the two bearings 35 and 36. Advantageously the wheel 4 is placed, or snapped onto the axis 38, so that it can be simply removed without the need for tools, if necessary. The gravity and the dynamic pressure of the water are sufficient to keep the wheel 4 in place during the normal operation of the hydraulic machine.
[045] Optionnellement le volume intérieur de la roue 4 peut être rendu étanche à l'eau par un joint flexible ou un autre dispositif d'étanchéité. Toutefois la machine de l'invention peut aussi être exécutée en version non étanche, afin de simplifier la réalisation et le démontage. En ce cas l'air présente à l'intérieur de la roue 4 empêche la pénétration de l'eau. Des rainures divergentes vers l'extérieur ménagées entre les aimants permanents 33 facilitent l'expulsion de l'eau par effet centrifuge. En cette variante le stator bobiné est préférablement enrobé en résine imperméable pour le protéger des projections d'eau et les roulements 35 sont également protégés par graissage. Optionnellement on peut aussi utiliser des roulements étanches.[045] Optionally, the interior volume of the wheel 4 can be made watertight by a flexible joint or another sealing device. However, the machine of the invention can also be executed in a non-waterproof version, in order to simplify the production and the dismantling. In this case the air present inside the wheel 4 prevents the penetration of water. Diverging outward grooves formed between the permanent magnets 33 facilitate the expulsion of water by centrifugal effect. In this variant, the wound stator is preferably coated with waterproof resin to protect it from splashing water and the bearings 35 are also protected by lubrication. Optionally, sealed bearings can also be used.
[046] La micro centrale de l'invention peut être adaptée à une grande variété de conditions hydrauliques simplement en choisissant la dimension, donc la puissance de la machine, et le pas de la roue à aubes, comme déjà expliqué. Avantageusement, la centrale peut être simplement installée à proximité d'une rivière, sans qu'un barrage ou des œuvres de génie civil importants ne soient requis. [046] The micro power plant of the invention can be adapted to a wide variety of hydraulic conditions by simply choosing the size, therefore the power of the machine, and the pitch of the impeller, as already explained. Advantageously, the plant can be simply installed near a river, without the need for a dam or major civil engineering works.

Claims

Revendications claims
[001] Machine hydraulique modulaire de basse chute (10) comprenant: au mois une roue hydraulique détachable manuellement (4), sur un axe ; au moins un dispositif utilisateur (2, 31, 33, 34), entraîné par ledit axe, pour transformer l'énergie générée par ladite roue hydrauUque (4); un module de contrôle (50), pour prélever une partie de l'énergie générée par ladite roue hydraulique (4) et pour stabiliser la rotation de ladite roue hydraulique (4) à une vitesse et une puissance de fonctionnement prédéterminées ; caractérisée en ce que ladite machine hydraulique (10) peut être adaptée à des hauteurs de chute différentes par le replacement ou par l'ajustage de ladite roue hydraulique (4).Modular low-drop hydraulic machine (10) comprising: at least one manually detachable hydraulic wheel (4), on an axis; at least one user device (2, 31, 33, 34), driven by said axis, for transforming the energy generated by said water wheel (4); a control module (50), for taking part of the energy generated by said hydraulic wheel (4) and for stabilizing the rotation of said hydraulic wheel (4) at a predetermined speed and operating power; characterized in that said hydraulic machine (10) can be adapted to different heights of fall by replacing or adjusting said hydraulic wheel (4).
[002] Machine hydrauUque modulaire selon la revendication 1 dans laquefle ledit dispositif utiUsateur comprend une génératrice électrique (31).Modular hydrauUque machine according to claim 1 in laquefle said user device comprises an electric generator (31).
[003] Machine hydrauUque modulaire selon la revendication 2 dans laquelle ledit module de contrôle (50) agit sur le courant électrique généré par ladite génératrice.Modular hydrauUque machine according to claim 2 wherein said control module (50) acts on the electric current generated by said generator.
[004] Machine hydrauUque modulaire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle l'énergie prélevée par ledit module de contrôle est utihsée pour au mois une des utiUsations suivantes : charge de batteries, dissipation dans des résistances de décharge (51), production de froid ou de chaud, pompage de fluides, pompage d'eau potable.Modular hydrauUque machine according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which the energy taken by said control module is used for at least one of the following uses: battery charging, dissipation in discharge resistors (51) , production of cold or heat, pumping of fluids, pumping of drinking water.
[005] Machine hydrauUque modulaire selon la revendication 1 dans laqueUe ledit dispositif utilisateur comprend une pompe de fluide (33).Modular hydrauUque machine according to claim 1 in laqueUe said user device comprises a fluid pump (33).
[006] Machine hydrauUque selon la revendication 5 dans laquelle ledit module de . contrôle (50) agit sur le débit prélevé de ladite pompe.HydrauUque machine according to claim 5 wherein said module. control (50) acts on the flow rate taken from said pump.
[007] Machine hydrauUque modulaire selon la revendication 1 dans laqueUe ledit dispositif utiUsateur comprend un compresseur de fluide destiné à la production de froid.Modular hydrauUque machine according to claim 1 in laqueUe said user device comprises a fluid compressor for the production of cold.
[008] Machine hydrauUque modulaire selon la revendication 1 dans laqueUe ledit dispositif utiUsateur comprend un générateur d'eau chaude et de vapeur.Modular hydrauUque machine according to claim 1 in laqueUe said user device comprises a generator of hot water and steam.
[009] Machine hydrauUque modulaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans ledit module de contrôle (50) maintient ladite vitesse et ladite puissance de fonctionnement constantes sans variation du débit de ladite roue hydrauUque.Modular hydrauUque machine according to one of the preceding claims, in said control module (50) maintains said speed and said operating power constant without variation of the flow rate of said hydrauUque wheel.
[010] Microcentrale hydrauUque, pour installation avec ou sans barrage, comprenant un caisson étanche (20), partagé en une première chambre (21) et une seconde chambre (22) par une cloison (25) ; ledit caisson comprenant : une ouverture d'admission (28), pour amener l'eau dans ladite première chambre (21) ; une grille de filtrage (26) pour retenir des composantes solides provenant dudit conduit d'admission, et une zone de décantation (24) dans ladite première chambre ; un filtre (31) mettant en communication ladite première chambre et ladite seconde chambre (22) ; une machine hydrauUque selon la revendication 1, logée dans ladite seconde chambre (22). Une microcentrale hydrauUque selon la revendication 10, comprenant, dans ladite première chambre, une porte de purge (31) actionnée automatiquement par un actuateur sensible la différence de pression entre lesdites première et seconde chambre, ladite porte de purge permettant l'éUmination des sédiments de ladite zone de décantation (24). [010] Microcentral hydrauUque, for installation with or without a dam, comprising a sealed box (20), divided into a first chamber (21) and a second chamber (22) by a partition (25); said box comprising: an inlet opening (28), for bringing water into said first chamber (21); a filter grid (26) for retaining solid components from said intake duct, and a settling zone (24) in said first chamber; a filter (31) connecting said first chamber and said second chamber (22); a hydraulic machine according to claim 1, housed in said second chamber (22). A hydraulic micro-central according to claim 10, comprising, in said first chamber, a purge door (31) automatically actuated by an actuator sensitive to the pressure difference between said first and second chamber, said purge door allowing the removal of sediments from said settling zone (24).
EP04731380A 2004-05-06 2004-05-06 Modular hydraulic machine and a hydraulic micro-station Withdrawn EP1756418A1 (en)

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US20070140829A1 (en) 2007-06-21
CA2606306A1 (en) 2005-12-01
WO2005113978A1 (en) 2005-12-01

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