EP1567767A1 - Hydraulic wheel - Google Patents

Hydraulic wheel

Info

Publication number
EP1567767A1
EP1567767A1 EP03720625A EP03720625A EP1567767A1 EP 1567767 A1 EP1567767 A1 EP 1567767A1 EP 03720625 A EP03720625 A EP 03720625A EP 03720625 A EP03720625 A EP 03720625A EP 1567767 A1 EP1567767 A1 EP 1567767A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
blades
wheel
energy
volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03720625A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michel Fonfrede
Christophe Fonfrede
Stéphane Fonfrede
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR0214627A external-priority patent/FR2847621B1/en
Priority claimed from FR0216697A external-priority patent/FR2849472B1/en
Priority claimed from FR0300120A external-priority patent/FR2849679A1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1567767A1 publication Critical patent/EP1567767A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F03B13/264—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the horizontal flow of water resulting from tide movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B7/00—Water wheels
    • F03B7/003—Water wheels with buckets receiving the liquid
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device which uses the potential and kinetic energy of the water of streams or tides to transform it into electricity.
  • All kinds of impellers have emerged, say from above, side, bottom ect ... the most perfected was the Sagebien valve wheel invented in the 19th century, their use was then considerably reduced. able to mobilize the potential energy of the heights of water.
  • New wheels have appeared which form a water barrier by themselves, by their axis consisting of a rotating cylinder, but the penetration of the blades into the water due to their connection with the cylinder causes stresses harmful to the flow and geometry of the assembly, these wheels allow water to pass when stationary.
  • the present turbine operates from a new type of impeller called impeller barrier wheel which allows for the first time the integration of a fixed dam in the wheel and thus the mobilization, in addition to the kinetic energy of the traditional paddlewheels, of the full potential of the water level by imposing no constraint on the natural flow, the only losses are the losses of flow rates of the leaks linked to the precision of the manufacturing reduced in this case to the minimum at the play of the blades in the evacuation and water supply channel.
  • the present invention relates to a paddle wheel which uses the potential and dynamic energy of the water of streams or tides to transform it into mechanical energy which can be transformed into electricity, it consists of: rotating mobile part called rotor (1) constituted by blades (2) rotating around a horizontal axis (6), and assembled at their ends by circular discs (3) and (5)
  • the innovation consists of the cylindrical crown shape of the movable part (1), which makes it possible, in the volume left free by its movement, to produce the water retaining element (4), the channel inlet (15) is dimensioned and is an integral part of the device, the whole allows, due to the natural flow of water without constraints, the highest yields for low heights of water reservoirs, is used in the part downstream upstream A towards B the kinetic energy of the water, and during the transition C from the upstream pressure to the downstream pressure, the potential energy of the water level.
  • the device according to Figure 1 comprises a rotating part (1) consisting of a set of blades (2) brought to one of their ends by an external disc (5) the example comprises 24 blades, but their number may vary depending on the diameter of the wheel and its length, arrangement linked to the flow rates and to the heights of water to be treated and it is this assembly (1) which is mobile around the axis (6), the trajectory (7) of the blades (2) uses only a small external volume and thus leaves perfectly free the internal volume in which is implanted the fixed part (4) which acts as a water retaining dam.
  • Intermediate support discs (5) may be necessary depending on the bearing surfaces of the blades, these crown discs (5) are hollowed out in their central part and have no axis, a solid disc at the other end of the blades transmits the energy at the axis of rotation, thus the volume of rotary displacement is limited to the only outer envelope of a cylinder of a thickness directly resulting from the only volumetric size of the blades in space and of the full disc.
  • the outer disc (5) is movable on the fixed cylindrical part (8) which serves as a guide and rolling path, the contact is ensured by rollers (9) in variable number depending on the diameters and the forces to be transmitted.
  • the blades (2) have a hydrodynamic shape in order, on the one hand to give a sufficient stiffness to their mechanical strength and on the other hand because of their inclination which can be very variable, to allow them during their penetration and their displacement in the water up to the inlet (15) to limit the negative effects of this penetration.
  • the position of the axis (6) located in the water retention dam allows a position of entry of the blades into the water with the minimum of resistance and as soon as they enter the water, allows their drive by the current d water created by the machine in the channel (15).
  • the volume not mobilized by the circular movement of the rotor (1) blade support (2) allows to integrate the fixed part (4) which forms the fixed dam retaining water leaving only in the lower part the passage for the blades.
  • This dam itself constitutes, by its low geometric shape, the water outlet channel adapted to the flow rates of each structure.
  • the whole is linked to vertical concrete walls (14) which act as lateral land restraint.
  • this multiplier in this example consists of a toothed wheel large diameter (10) with internal teeth and a small pinion (13) which transmits energy to the generator by a belt itself multiplier.
  • the multiplier (10) is associated with a disc brake (11) which allows the commissioning and the programmed and progressive stop of the wheel - when the wheel is stopped, the water (except leaks) does not pass anymore - the device thus allows the use of tidal energy in both directions of ebb and flow.
  • the blades supporting the blades can have a serrated external shape, the blades being above the support they use the entire width d water available.
  • blades are equipped with valves C1 and C2 actuated by systems of tilting rods and cams, in order to act as a fish elevator (in the event of impossibility of installation of the scales required by the corresponding regulations ).
  • the fish always gather towards the water outlets when the outlet speeds allow it, which is the case in this device, in the blade position P10 the valve Cl opens opening acting as a bucket with the blade.
  • a second valve C2 closes the top of the dildo, and in the re-entry position in the water (position P4) the two valves return to their original position, releasing the fish into the water of the dam. which allows them to continue their journey upstream.
  • Figure 4 gives different types of inclination of curved blades, the calculations will establish the most efficient profiles and inclinations.
  • the rotating cylinder (1) is made up of several sections, in this example there are two, these sections can be mechanically isolated from each other, one of the sections being able to stop while the others are turning, reducing d '' as much the flow passing, the water being stopped when stopped, or else the sections combine their efforts by means of a conventional clutch-declutch system (for example by magnetic keys) installed on the crowns (5 ') contiguous, to each crown (5 ') is then associated a support (8) and rollers (9) as for the crowns (5).
  • a conventional clutch-declutch system for example by magnetic keys
  • FIG. 6 represents a blade in cross section, the different shapes of which are obtained by a fixed part (17) and by articulated mobile parts (18) (19) called valves. These blades are assembled on the circular crown (5) of tabular shape and of rectangular section in order to accommodate the control systems, hydraulic micro-cylinders or electric motors. These valves rotate around an axis of rotation (20)
  • the external valve (18) is articulated so as to follow the external shape of the courier which is also the external form of the crown (5)
  • the internal valve (19) is articulated so as to match the internal form of the courier inner shape of the crown (5)
  • valves are guided and positioned at their other end by means of grooves (21) recessed in the crown (5) supporting the blades.
  • Figure 7 shows blades with movable parts which allow the variation of flow rates, in this figure it is a wheel with 16 blades, either 16 intervals between two blades, or for a complete revolution of the wheel, 16 volumes between two blades.
  • This figure represents a quarter of the wheel, in section on the blades, in one case where one volume out of two can be concealed or not, the blades are then successively fitted with either the external valve (18) or the internal valve ( 19).
  • the figure shows:
  • position E This is how, in position E, the volume between two blades can no longer fill with water.
  • the isolation of a volume in this example, will reduce the flow rate by 1/16 th of its value, the flow rate can thus be reduced progressively by 1/16 th until a reduction of 8/16 th is half the nominal impeller flow.
  • the flow rate can be lowered, progressively by 1/16 th, and by fitting all of the blades according to FIG. 6, this flow rate could be progressively reduced, if necessary, by 1 / l ⁇ th up to when the wheel comes to a complete stop.
  • FIG. 8 represents a front view of a wheel of 16 blades in which these blades have a V shape, in this example each blade is in a plane, but these blades can also be inscribed in curved surfaces as in the figure 4, in the case of this figure, at standstill the water is not blocked, the assembly works by favoring dynamic and kinetic effects and the speed of rotation will be higher, the calculations will determine the performance of this solution which is similar to turbines with a vertical axis but remaining in completely different speed ranges, the speed of rotation of the turbine remains directly linked to the speed of water circulation.
  • the blades are maintained if necessary at three points: two discs (5) and a disc (3) as in Figure 5.
  • the overall diameter of the wheel due to the position of the axle and the requirements for water penetration of the blades is of the order of 1.5 times the height of fall increased by twice the height of the water outlet channel (which is the height of the blades), this last height is a direct function of the flow rate selected.
  • the action on the blades in the channel benefits from a very large lever arm due to the diameter of the wheel, which allows it to be started up with the minimum of energy and a reduced speed.
  • the geometric dimensions can be very variable: the overall diameter of the wheel, its width, the height and shape of the blades and the height of the water retention are directly linked to the parameters of use of the river or reservoirs d 'water, the heights of falls can be very low (of the order of lm which is an economic limit for the use provided by this device) up to heights of 4 m or more.
  • the only limitations of the device are imposed by the constraints of mechanical strength and precision of the different materials used.
  • the height H of the water reservoir is 2 m - the height of the blades is 60 cm
  • the general manufacture of the elements, including that of the blades, because of their shape, is very simple and economical.
  • the assembly of the assembly can perfectly be carried out on the sites themselves.
  • the total height of the assembly as well as the energy produced are a function of the two parameters constituted by the two different elements assembled: the central fixed disc (water height) (4-8) and the blades (flows) (2) , it is thus possible by combination of these two elements which can each meet a manufacturing standard to respond by a standard set (combination of two standards) to multiple variations in energy production, which can lead to industrialization of the system and perfect control of costs, as for the other components of the set: multiplier - generator.
  • the design overcomes the heavy constraints of hydroelectric facilities. It allows simple and rapid installation, after earthwork, in a few pre-assembled parts of the hydrogenerator thus formed and with well-defined and guaranteed characteristics; which opens up a completely new field of equipment with the use of the lowest speeds and unevennesses currently little used, this for reduced equipment and operating costs.
  • This device is perfectly suited to the development of low-cost microeconomics, within the framework of ecological and sustainable energy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Oceanography (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a turbine comprising: a rotary mobile part called rotor (1) consisting of a set of blades (2) variable in number, the assembly rotating about a horizontal axis (6), one or more stationary parts (4), acting as barrier for retaining the water level; a water intake channel (15) and a water discharge channel (16). The invention is characterized in that the shape of the cylindrical ring of the mobile part (1), which enables, in the volume left free by its movement, provision of the water retaining element (4) wherein are installed the mechanical elements constituting the speed-increasing and brake units. Such a design enables kinetic energy and water-level potential energy to be used in the intake channel (15). Said water wheel is designed for use of water energy of rivers and tides to transform mechanical energy which may or may not be transformed into electricity.

Description

ROUE HYDRAULIQUEHYDRAULIC WHEEL
Domaine technique de l'inventionTechnical field of the invention
La présente invention est relative à un dispositif qui utilise l'énergie potentielle et cinétique de l'eau des cours d'eau ou des marées pour la transformer en électricité.The present invention relates to a device which uses the potential and kinetic energy of the water of streams or tides to transform it into electricity.
Etat de la techniqueState of the art
Les roues existantes jusqu'à ce jour, d'utilisation de l'énergie de l'eau dans le sens naturel du courant, sont des roues dites à aubes constituées de palettes d'épaisseur constante sur lesquelles vient s'appuyer l'eau; lesquelles sont assemblées sur un châssis tourant constitué en général de deux disques parallèles aux extrémités des palettes, ces roues utilisent essentiellement l'énergie dynamique de l'eau. Toutes sortes de roues à aubes ont vu le jour, dites de dessus, de coté, de dessous ect... la plus perfectionnée fut la roue vanne Sagebien inventée au 19ième siècle, leur usage s'est ensuite considérablement réduit aucune roue à aubes ne pouvant mobiliser l'énergie potentielle des hauteurs d'eau.The wheels existing to date, using the energy of water in the natural direction of the current, are so-called paddle wheels made up of pallets of constant thickness on which the water is supported; which are assembled on a rotating chassis generally consisting of two discs parallel to the ends of the pallets, these wheels essentially use the dynamic energy of the water. All kinds of impellers have emerged, say from above, side, bottom ect ... the most perfected was the Sagebien valve wheel invented in the 19th century, their use was then considerably reduced. able to mobilize the potential energy of the heights of water.
Elles ont été pratiquement remplacées au 19ième siècle par des turbines à vitesse d'écoulement et de rotation beaucoup plus rapide avec un écoulement de l'eau considérablement modifié et contraint par la machine. ( Turbine Francis-Kaplan ect...) turbines qui permettent de mobiliser au mieux l'énergie potentielle des hauteurs d'eau.They were practically replaced in the 19th century by turbines with much faster flow speed and rotation with a water flow considerably modified and constrained by the machine. (Francis-Kaplan turbine ect ...) turbines which make it possible to best mobilize the potential energy of the heights of water.
Des roues nouvelles sont apparues qui font barrage d'eau par elles-mêmes, par leur axe constitué d'un cylindre tournant, mais la pénétration des pales dans l'eau du fait de leur liaison avec le cylindre entraine des contraintes nuisibles à l'écoulement et à la géométrie de l'ensemble, ces roues laissent passer l'eau à l'arrêt.New wheels have appeared which form a water barrier by themselves, by their axis consisting of a rotating cylinder, but the penetration of the blades into the water due to their connection with the cylinder causes stresses harmful to the flow and geometry of the assembly, these wheels allow water to pass when stationary.
La présente turbine fonctionne à partir d'un nouveau type de roue à aubes dit roue barrage à aubes qui permet pour la première fois l'intégration d'un barrage fixe dans la roue et ainsi la mobilisation, en plus de l'énergie cinétique des roues à aubes traditionnelles, de la totalité du potentiel de la hauteur d'eau en n'imposant aucune contrainte à l'écoulement naturel, les seules pertes sont les pertes de débits des fuites liées à la précision de la fabrication réduites dans ce cas au minimum aux jeu des aubes dans le canal d'évacuation et d'amenée des eaux.The present turbine operates from a new type of impeller called impeller barrier wheel which allows for the first time the integration of a fixed dam in the wheel and thus the mobilization, in addition to the kinetic energy of the traditional paddlewheels, of the full potential of the water level by imposing no constraint on the natural flow, the only losses are the losses of flow rates of the leaks linked to the precision of the manufacturing reduced in this case to the minimum at the play of the blades in the evacuation and water supply channel.
Description La présente invention concerne une roue à aubes qui utilise l'énergie potentielle et dynamique de l'eau des cours d'eau ou des marées pour la transformer en énergie mécanique laquelle peut être transformée en électricité, elle se compose : - d'une partie mobile tournante dite rotor (1) constituées par des aubes (2) tournant autour d'un axe horizontal (6), et assemblées en leur extrémités par des disques circulaires (3) et (5)Description The present invention relates to a paddle wheel which uses the potential and dynamic energy of the water of streams or tides to transform it into mechanical energy which can be transformed into electricity, it consists of: rotating mobile part called rotor (1) constituted by blades (2) rotating around a horizontal axis (6), and assembled at their ends by circular discs (3) and (5)
- d'une partie fixe (4) faisant office du barrage nécessaire à la retenue de la hauteur d'eau - d'un canal d'entrée ( 15 ) et un canal de sortie des eaux ( 16 ).- a fixed part (4) serving as the dam necessary for retaining the water level - an inlet channel (15) and a water outlet channel (16).
L' innovation est constituée par la forme en couronne cylindrique de la partie mobile (1), qui rend possible, dans le volume laissé libre par son mouvement, la réalisation de l'élément de retenue des eaux (4), le canal d'entrée (15) est dimentionné et fait partie intégrante du dispositif, le tout permet, du fait de l'écoulement naturel de l'eau sans contraintes , les plus hauts rendements pour de basses hauteurs de retenues d'eau, est utilisée dans la partie descendante amont A vers B l'énergie cinétique de l'eau, et lors du passage C de la pression amont à la pression aval, l'énergie potentielle de la hauteur d'eau.The innovation consists of the cylindrical crown shape of the movable part (1), which makes it possible, in the volume left free by its movement, to produce the water retaining element (4), the channel inlet (15) is dimensioned and is an integral part of the device, the whole allows, due to the natural flow of water without constraints, the highest yields for low heights of water reservoirs, is used in the part downstream upstream A towards B the kinetic energy of the water, and during the transition C from the upstream pressure to the downstream pressure, the potential energy of the water level.
Les seules pertes sont les pertes des débits des fuites liés à la précision de la fabrication, réduites dans ce cas au minimum, par ailleurs la partie barrage fixe (4 ) permettent de loger les dispositifs de multiplication de vitesse (10) nécessaire à l'entrainement des génératrice électriques réduisant ainsi les ménagements extérieurs réservés habituellement à cet effet.The only losses are the losses of the flow rates of the leaks linked to the manufacturing precision, reduced in this case to a minimum, moreover the fixed barrier part (4) makes it possible to house the speed multiplication devices (10) necessary for the drive of the electric generators thus reducing the external arrangements usually reserved for this purpose.
Pour une bonne compréhension de l'invention est décrit ci-après un premier exemple de réalisation par les figures 1 à 2 Le dispositif selon La Figure 1 comporte une partie tournante (1) constitué d'un ensemble d'aubes (2) portées à l'une de leur extrémité par un disque extérieur (5) l'exemple comporte 24 aubes, mais leur nombre pourra varier en fonction du diamètre de la roue et de sa longueur, disposition liée aux débits et aux hauteurs d'eau à traiter et c'est cet ensemble (1) qui est mobile autour de l'axe (6), la trajectoire ( 7 ) des pales ( 2 ) n'utilise qu' un volume restreint extérieur et laisse ainsi parfaitement libre le volume intérieur dans lequel est implantée la partie fixe ( 4 ) qui fait office de barrage de retenue des eaux. Des disques supports (5) intermédiaires pourront être nécessaires en fonction des portées des aubes, ces disques couronnes (5) sont évidés dans leur partie centrale et n'ont pas d'axe, un disque plein à l'autre extrémité des aubes transmet l'énergie à l'axe de rotation, ainsi le volume de déplacement rotatif est limité à la seule enveloppe extérieure d'un cylindre d'une épaisseur directement issue du seul encombrement volumétrique des aubes dans l'espace et du disque plein.For a good understanding of the invention is described below a first embodiment by Figures 1 to 2 The device according to Figure 1 comprises a rotating part (1) consisting of a set of blades (2) brought to one of their ends by an external disc (5) the example comprises 24 blades, but their number may vary depending on the diameter of the wheel and its length, arrangement linked to the flow rates and to the heights of water to be treated and it is this assembly (1) which is mobile around the axis (6), the trajectory (7) of the blades (2) uses only a small external volume and thus leaves perfectly free the internal volume in which is implanted the fixed part (4) which acts as a water retaining dam. Intermediate support discs (5) may be necessary depending on the bearing surfaces of the blades, these crown discs (5) are hollowed out in their central part and have no axis, a solid disc at the other end of the blades transmits the energy at the axis of rotation, thus the volume of rotary displacement is limited to the only outer envelope of a cylinder of a thickness directly resulting from the only volumetric size of the blades in space and of the full disc.
Le disque extérieur (5) est mobile sur la partie cylindrique fixe (8) qui sert de chemin de guidage et de roulement , le contact est assuré par des galets (9) en nombre variable fonction des diamètres et des efforts à transmettre. Les aubes (2) ont une forme hydrodynamique afin, d'une part de donner une raideur suffisante à leur tenue mécanique et d'autre part du fait de leur inclinaison qui peut être très variable, leur permettre lors de leur pénétration et de leur déplacement dans l'eau jusqu'à l'entrée (15) de limiter les effets négatifs de cette pénétration.The outer disc (5) is movable on the fixed cylindrical part (8) which serves as a guide and rolling path, the contact is ensured by rollers (9) in variable number depending on the diameters and the forces to be transmitted. The blades (2) have a hydrodynamic shape in order, on the one hand to give a sufficient stiffness to their mechanical strength and on the other hand because of their inclination which can be very variable, to allow them during their penetration and their displacement in the water up to the inlet (15) to limit the negative effects of this penetration.
La position de l'axe ( 6 ) situé dans le barrage de retenue des eaux permet une position d'entrée des pales dans l'eau avec le minimum de résistance et dès leur entrée dans l'eau, permet leur entraînement par le courant d'eau créé par la machine dans le canal (15).The position of the axis (6) located in the water retention dam allows a position of entry of the blades into the water with the minimum of resistance and as soon as they enter the water, allows their drive by the current d water created by the machine in the channel (15).
Suivant la Figure 2 : le volume non mobilisé par le déplacement circulaire du rotor ( 1 ) support des pales ( 2 ) permet d'intégrer la partie fixe (4) qui forme le barrage fixe de retenue des eaux en laissant uniquement en partie basse le passage pour les pales. Ce barrage constitue lui-même par sa forme géométrique basse le canal de sortie des eaux adapté aux débits de chaque ouvrage. L'ensemble est liaisormé à des parois verticales en béton ( 14) qui font office de retenue latérale des terrains.According to Figure 2: the volume not mobilized by the circular movement of the rotor (1) blade support (2) allows to integrate the fixed part (4) which forms the fixed dam retaining water leaving only in the lower part the passage for the blades. This dam itself constitutes, by its low geometric shape, the water outlet channel adapted to the flow rates of each structure. The whole is linked to vertical concrete walls (14) which act as lateral land restraint.
La géométrie de ces barrages (4) en ossature métallique, géométrie induite par leur tenue mécanique, permet d'inclure dans leur volume des multiplicateur de vitesse à courroies ou engrenages ( 10 ) , nécessaire pour la production électrique des générateurs, transformant ainsi l'ensemble en hydrogénérateur de caractéristiques parfaitement définies en fonction de la hauteur d'eau retenue, des débits de passages, de la pente et de la géométrie du canal de sortie , largeur hauteur., ce multiplicateur dans cet exemple est constitué d'une roue dentée de grand diamètre (10) à denture intérieure et d'un petit pignon (13) lequel transmet l'énergie à la génératrice par une courroie elle-même multiplicatrice.The geometry of these dams (4) in metal frame, geometry induced by their mechanical strength, makes it possible to include in their volume speed multipliers with belts or gears (10), necessary for the electrical production of the generators, thus transforming the set in hydrogenerator of characteristics perfectly defined as a function of the retained water height, flow rates, slope and geometry of the outlet channel, height width., this multiplier in this example consists of a toothed wheel large diameter (10) with internal teeth and a small pinion (13) which transmits energy to the generator by a belt itself multiplier.
Le multiplicateur (10 ) est associé à un frein à disque ( 11 ) qui permet la mise en service et l'arrêt programmé et progressif de la roue - lorsque la roue est arrêtée, l'eau ( hors fuites ) ne passe plus- le dispositif permet ainsi l'utilisation de l'énergie des marées dans les deux sens de flux et reflux.The multiplier (10) is associated with a disc brake (11) which allows the commissioning and the programmed and progressive stop of the wheel - when the wheel is stopped, the water (except leaks) does not pass anymore - the device thus allows the use of tidal energy in both directions of ebb and flow.
L'immobilisation de la roue permet alors de mobiliser la hauteur de l'eau le temps nécessaire à la montée et au reflux des eaux et l'inclinaison des pales ( 2 ) est alors calculée pour permettre Y utilisation dans les deux sens L'axe ( 6 ) , constitué d'un arbre métallique à haute résistance, a une fonction très importante de maintient et de précision de l'ensemble. Cet arbre ( 6 ) est assemblé avec la partie fixe ( 4 ) par des roulements ( 12 ) donnant ainsi à l'ensemble la meilleure précision mécanique possible. Les figures suivantes 3 à 8 donnent d'autres solutions ou compléments suivants d'autres exemples sur le même principe partie mobile - partie fixe :The immobilization of the wheel then makes it possible to mobilize the height of the water the time necessary for the rise and ebb of the water and the inclination of the blades (2) is then calculated to allow use in both directions. (6), consisting of a high resistance metal shaft, has a very important function of maintaining and precision of the assembly. This shaft (6) is assembled with the fixed part (4) by bearings (12) thus giving the assembly the best possible mechanical precision. The following figures 3 to 8 give other solutions or complements following other examples on the same principle mobile part - fixed part:
Suivant l' exemple de la figure 3 qui comporte 16 aubes , afin de mobiliser au mieux les largeurs d'eau disponibles les disques support des aubes peuvent avoir une forme extérieure dentellée, les aubes étant au-dessus du support elles utilisent toute la largeur d'eau disponible.Following the example of FIG. 3 which comprises 16 blades, in order to best mobilize the widths of water available, the blades supporting the blades can have a serrated external shape, the blades being above the support they use the entire width d water available.
Sur ce même exemple, des pales sont équipées de clapets Cl et C2 actionnés par des systèmes de tiges basculantes et de cames, afin de faire office d'ascenseur à poisson ( en cas d'impossibilité d'implantation des échelles exigées par les réglementations corespondantes ). En effet les poissons se rassemblent toujours vers les sorties d'eau lorsque les vitesses de sortie le permettent, ce qui est le cas dans ce dispositif, en position de pale P10 le clapet Cl s'ouvre faisant office de godet avec la pale. Dès sortie de l'eau un second clapet C2 ferme le dessus du gode , et en position de rentrée dans l'eau ( position P4 ) les deux clapets reviennent à leur position d'origine, lâchant les poissons dans l'eau du barrage ce qui leur permet de poursuivre leur route en direction amont.In this same example, blades are equipped with valves C1 and C2 actuated by systems of tilting rods and cams, in order to act as a fish elevator (in the event of impossibility of installation of the scales required by the corresponding regulations ). In fact, the fish always gather towards the water outlets when the outlet speeds allow it, which is the case in this device, in the blade position P10 the valve Cl opens opening acting as a bucket with the blade. On leaving the water a second valve C2 closes the top of the dildo, and in the re-entry position in the water (position P4) the two valves return to their original position, releasing the fish into the water of the dam. which allows them to continue their journey upstream.
Dans tous les cas l'avalisation des poissons se fait à travers la roue elle-même du fait du volume entre les pales et des vitesses naturelles d'écoulement des eaux, cette avalaison se fait sans aucune mortalité d'aucune sorte.In all cases the swallowing of the fish is done through the wheel itself because of the volume between the blades and the natural speeds of water flow, this swallowing is done without any mortality of any kind.
La figure 4 donne différents types d'inclinaison d'aubes courbes, les calculs établiront les profils et les inclinaisons les plus performantes.Figure 4 gives different types of inclination of curved blades, the calculations will establish the most efficient profiles and inclinations.
La variation des débits de la turbine peut être obtenue de deux façons :The variation of the turbine flow rates can be obtained in two ways:
Suivant l'exemple de la figure 5Following the example in Figure 5
Le cylindre tournant (1) est composé de plusieurs sections, dans cet exemple il y en a deux, ces sections peuvent s'isoler mécaniquement les unes des autres, l'une des sections pouvant s'arrêter pendant que les autres tournent , réduisant d'autant le débit passant, l'eau étant arrêtée à l'arrêt, ou bien les sections conjuguent leurs efforts par le biais de système classique d'embrayage-débrayage ( par exemple par des clavettes magnétiques) implantés sur les couronnes (5') contigues, à chaque couronne (5') est alors associé un support (8) et des galets (9) comme pour les couronnes (5).The rotating cylinder (1) is made up of several sections, in this example there are two, these sections can be mechanically isolated from each other, one of the sections being able to stop while the others are turning, reducing d '' as much the flow passing, the water being stopped when stopped, or else the sections combine their efforts by means of a conventional clutch-declutch system (for example by magnetic keys) installed on the crowns (5 ') contiguous, to each crown (5 ') is then associated a support (8) and rollers (9) as for the crowns (5).
Suivant les figure 6 et 7According to figure 6 and 7
La variation des débits est assurée par des aubes multiformes avec des parties mobiles : La figure 6 représente une aube en coupe transversale, dont les différentes formes sont obtenues par une partie fixe (17) et par des parties mobiles articulés (18) (19) appelées clapets. Ces aubes sont assemblées sur la couronne circulaire (5) de forme tabulaire et de section rectangulaire afin de recvoir les systèmes de commandes, micro vérins hydrauliques ou moteurs électriques. Ces clapets tournent autour d'un axe de rotation (20)The variation of the flow rates is ensured by multiform blades with moving parts: FIG. 6 represents a blade in cross section, the different shapes of which are obtained by a fixed part (17) and by articulated mobile parts (18) (19) called valves. These blades are assembled on the circular crown (5) of tabular shape and of rectangular section in order to accommodate the control systems, hydraulic micro-cylinders or electric motors. These valves rotate around an axis of rotation (20)
Le clapet extérieur (18) est articulé de façon à épouser la forme extérieure du coursier qui est aussi la forme extérieure de la couronne (5) Le clapet intérieur (19) est articulé de façon à épouser la forme intérieure du coursier qui est aussi la forme intérieure de la couronne (5)The external valve (18) is articulated so as to follow the external shape of the courier which is also the external form of the crown (5) The internal valve (19) is articulated so as to match the internal form of the courier inner shape of the crown (5)
Ces clapets sont guidés et positionnés, en leur autre extrémité, par l'intermédiaire de ramures (21) en creux dans la couronne (5) support des aubesThese valves are guided and positioned at their other end by means of grooves (21) recessed in the crown (5) supporting the blades.
La figure 7 représente des aubes avec des parties mobiles qui permettent la variation des débits, dans cette figure il s'agit d'une roue avec 16 aubes, soit 16 intervalles entre deux aubes, soit pour un tour complet de la roue, 16 volumes entre deux aubes. Cette figure représente le quart de la roue, en coupe sur les aubes, dans un cas ou un volume sur deux peut être occulté ou non, les aubes sont alors équipées, successivement, soit du clapet extérieur (18), soit du clapet intérieur (19). La figure montre:Figure 7 shows blades with movable parts which allow the variation of flow rates, in this figure it is a wheel with 16 blades, either 16 intervals between two blades, or for a complete revolution of the wheel, 16 volumes between two blades. This figure represents a quarter of the wheel, in section on the blades, in one case where one volume out of two can be concealed or not, the blades are then successively fitted with either the external valve (18) or the internal valve ( 19). The figure shows:
- les clapets rabattus sur les parties fixes: position D- the flaps folded down on the fixed parts: position D
- les clapets, en position ouverte : position E C'est ainsi, qu'en position E le volume entre deux aubes ne peut plus se remplir d'eau.- the valves, in the open position: position E This is how, in position E, the volume between two blades can no longer fill with water.
L'isolation d'un volume, dans cet exemple, réduira le débit de 1 / 16 ième de sa valeur , le débit pourra ainsi être réduit progressivement de 1/ 16 ième jusqu'à une réduction de 8/ 16 ième soit la moitié du débit nominal de la roue. - avec le sytème d'aubes multiforme, le débit pourra être baissé, progressivement de 1/ 16 ième, et en équipant la totalité des aubes suivant la figure 6, ce débit pourrait être progressivement réduit, si nécessaire, de 1 / lόième jusqu'à l'arrêt total de la roue.The isolation of a volume, in this example, will reduce the flow rate by 1/16 th of its value, the flow rate can thus be reduced progressively by 1/16 th until a reduction of 8/16 th is half the nominal impeller flow. - With the multiform blade system, the flow rate can be lowered, progressively by 1/16 th, and by fitting all of the blades according to FIG. 6, this flow rate could be progressively reduced, if necessary, by 1 / lόth up to when the wheel comes to a complete stop.
L'équipement de la roue sera déterminé, cas par cas, en. fonction des objectifs de débit et de puissances attendue, et pourra aller de l'équipement d'un intervalle entre deux aubes jusqu'à 100% des intervalles. La figure 8 représente une vue de face d'une roue de 16 aubes dans lequel ces aubes ont une forme de V , dans cet exemple chaque aube est dans un plan, mais ces aubes peuvent être également inscrites dans des surfaces courbes comme dans la figure 4, dans le cas de cette figure, à l'arrêt l'eau n'est pas bloquée, l'ensemble fonctionne en privilégiant les effets dynamiques et cinétiques et la vitesse de rotation sera plus élevée, les calculs détermineront les performances de cette solution qui s'apparente aux turbines à axe vertical mais en restant dans des domaines de vitesses complètement différents, la vitesse de rotation de la turbine reste directement liée à la vitesse de circulation de l'eau. Les aubes sont maintenues si nécessaire en trois points : deux disques (5) et un disque (3) comme dans la figure 5.The wheel equipment will be determined on a case-by-case basis. depending on the expected flow and power objectives, and may range from equipment with an interval between two blades up to 100% of the intervals. FIG. 8 represents a front view of a wheel of 16 blades in which these blades have a V shape, in this example each blade is in a plane, but these blades can also be inscribed in curved surfaces as in the figure 4, in the case of this figure, at standstill the water is not blocked, the assembly works by favoring dynamic and kinetic effects and the speed of rotation will be higher, the calculations will determine the performance of this solution which is similar to turbines with a vertical axis but remaining in completely different speed ranges, the speed of rotation of the turbine remains directly linked to the speed of water circulation. The blades are maintained if necessary at three points: two discs (5) and a disc (3) as in Figure 5.
Dans tous les cas, le diamètre hors tout de la roue du fait de la position de l'axe et des impératifs de pénétration dans l'eau des pales est de l'ordre de 1,5 fois la hauteur de chute augmenté de deux fois la hauteur du canal de sortie des eaux ( qui est la hauteur des pales ), cette dernière hauteur est directement fonction du débit d'écoulement retenu.In all cases, the overall diameter of the wheel due to the position of the axle and the requirements for water penetration of the blades is of the order of 1.5 times the height of fall increased by twice the height of the water outlet channel (which is the height of the blades), this last height is a direct function of the flow rate selected.
L'action sur les pales dans le chenal bénéficie d'un bras de levier très important du fait du diamètre de la roue, ce qui permet une mise en fonctionnement avec le minimum d'énergie et une vitesse réduite.The action on the blades in the channel benefits from a very large lever arm due to the diameter of the wheel, which allows it to be started up with the minimum of energy and a reduced speed.
Sont utilisées avec la meilleure efficacité en C ( sur figure 1) les forces potentielles des hauteurs d'eau ainsi que l'énergie cinétique de déplacement eau /pales entre A et B .Are used with the best efficiency in C (on figure 1) the potential forces of the heights of water as well as the kinetic energy of displacement water / blades between A and B.
Les dimensionnements géométriques peuvent être très variables : le diamètre hors tout de la roue, sa largeur, la hauteur et la forme des pales et la hauteur de retenue de l'eau sont directement liés aux paramètres d'utilisation de la rivière ou des réservoirs d'eau, les hauteurs de chutes pouvant être très basses ( de l'ordre de lm qui est une limite économique pour l'utilisation prévue par ce dispositif ) jusqu'à des hauteurs de 4 m ou plus. Les seules limitations du dispositif sont imposées par les contraintes de tenue mécanique et de précision des différents matériaux mis en oeuvre.The geometric dimensions can be very variable: the overall diameter of the wheel, its width, the height and shape of the blades and the height of the water retention are directly linked to the parameters of use of the river or reservoirs d 'water, the heights of falls can be very low (of the order of lm which is an economic limit for the use provided by this device) up to heights of 4 m or more. The only limitations of the device are imposed by the constraints of mechanical strength and precision of the different materials used.
Pour les hauteurs les plus basses le chenal (15) devient insignifiant. Dans l'exemple représenté par les figures 1 2 :For the lowest heights the channel (15) becomes insignificant. In the example shown in Figures 1 2:
- la hauteur H de la retenue d'eau est de 2 m - la hauteur des aubes est de 60 cm- the height H of the water reservoir is 2 m - the height of the blades is 60 cm
- la hauteur totale de la roue est de 5m- the total height of the wheel is 5m
- le débit est de l'ordre de 3,5m3/sec- the flow rate is around 3.5m3 / sec
- la puissance produite nette à la sortie du générateur est de l'ordre de 50k . Application industrielle projetée- the net power output at the generator outlet is around 50k. Projected industrial application
La fabrication générale des éléments, y compris celle des aubes, du fait de leur forme, est très simple et économique. L'assemblage de l'ensemble peut parfaitement être réalisé sur les sites eux-même . La hauteur totale de l'ensemble ainsi que l'énergie produite sont fonction des deux paramètres constituée par les deux éléments différents assemblés : le disque fixe central ( hauteur d'eau ) ( 4-8 ) et les pales ( débits ) ( 2 ), il est ainsi possible par combinaison de ces deux éléments qui peuvent répondre chacun à un standard de fabrication de répondre par un ensemble standart ( combinaison de deux standard ) à de multiples variations de productions.d'energie, ce qui peut conduire à une industralisation du système et une maitrise parfaite des coûts, comme pour les autres composant de l'ensemble : multiplicateur - générateur.The general manufacture of the elements, including that of the blades, because of their shape, is very simple and economical. The assembly of the assembly can perfectly be carried out on the sites themselves. The total height of the assembly as well as the energy produced are a function of the two parameters constituted by the two different elements assembled: the central fixed disc (water height) (4-8) and the blades (flows) (2) , it is thus possible by combination of these two elements which can each meet a manufacturing standard to respond by a standard set (combination of two standards) to multiple variations in energy production, which can lead to industrialization of the system and perfect control of costs, as for the other components of the set: multiplier - generator.
La conception permet de s'affranchir des contraintes lourdes des installations hydroélectriques. Elle permet l'installation simple et rapide, après terrassement, en quelques parties préassemblées de l'hydrogénérateur ainsi constitué et aux caractéristiques bien définies et garanties; ce qui ouvre un champ d'équipement totalement nouveau avec l'utilisation des débits et des dénivellations les plus faibles actuellement peu utilisées, ceci pour des coûts d'équipement et d'exploitation réduit. Ce dispositif est parfaitement adapté au développement de microéconomies à faible coût, dans le cadre des énergie écologiques et durables.The design overcomes the heavy constraints of hydroelectric facilities. It allows simple and rapid installation, after earthwork, in a few pre-assembled parts of the hydrogenerator thus formed and with well-defined and guaranteed characteristics; which opens up a completely new field of equipment with the use of the lowest speeds and unevennesses currently little used, this for reduced equipment and operating costs. This device is perfectly suited to the development of low-cost microeconomics, within the framework of ecological and sustainable energy.
EnvironnementEnvironment
La circulation de l'eau ainsi que la plage des vitesses d'écoulement restent dans le cadre des écoulements naturels, la forme et la distance entre palettes permettent le passage des espèces vivantes sans aucune mortalité et dommage, répondant ainsi aux préoccupations des pécheurs et des protections écologiques en permettant l'avalaison des poissons, ce dispoistif laisse aussi passer la plupart des objets entrainés par le courant . Ne sont donc nécessaires que des grilles de protection à mailles larges pour des objets importants.The circulation of water as well as the range of flow velocities remain within the framework of natural flows, the shape and the distance between pallets allow the passage of living species without any mortality and damage, thus responding to the concerns of fishermen and ecological protection by allowing the swallowing of fish, this device also allows most of the objects carried by the current to pass through. Only large mesh protective grids are therefore necessary for important objects.
Les réalisations restent dans l'optique esthétique des roues à aubes traditionnelles et sans aucune nuisance autre que celles des bruits de rotation dans l'eau. The achievements remain in the aesthetic optics of traditional paddle wheels and without any nuisance other than that of rotation noises in the water.

Claims

RENENDICATIONS RENENDICATIONS
1 - Dispositif selon l'invention pour capter l'énergie potentielle de l'eau caractérisé par une turbine constitué comme suit : -d'une roue ( 1 ) à aubes ( 2 ) dont la forme et le volume de déplacement de la partie tournante ( 1 ) permet l'implantation de parties fixes (4)1 - Device according to the invention for capturing the potential energy of water, characterized by a turbine constituted as follows: -a wheel (1) with blades (2) whose shape and volume of movement of the rotating part (1) allows the installation of fixed parts (4)
- de parties fixes faisant offices de barrage ( 4 ) nécessaire à la retenue de la hauteur d'eau- fixed parts acting as dams (4) necessary for retaining the water level
-2- Dispositif selon l'invention de distribution de l'arrivée de l'eau (15) formé par la partie inférieure de la partie fixe, par la canalisation de la veine d'eau qui permet le captage de l'énergie cinétique de l'eau.-2- Device according to the invention for distributing the water inlet (15) formed by the lower part of the fixed part, by the channeling of the water stream which allows the capture of the kinetic energy of the water.
3 - Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisée par une roue à aubes constituée de disqties support ( 3-5 ) de forme extérieure dentellée ou non, support des pales ( 2 ), le volume de déplacement de l'ensemble laissant un grand volume intérieur disponible pour une ou des parties fixes.3 - Device according to claim 1 characterized by an impeller consisting of support disqties (3-5) of external serrated shape or not, support of the blades (2), the displacement volume of the assembly leaving a large interior volume available for one or more fixed parts.
4 -Dispositif selon la revendication 1 et 2 caractérisée par des disques (3-5 ) dont la forme extérieure dentellée ou non permet l'implantation de pales de forme hydrodynamiques.4 -Device according to claim 1 and 2 characterized by discs (3-5) whose external shape, serrated or not allows the implantation of hydrodynamically shaped blades.
5 - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé par un fonctionnement identique dans un flux hydraulique continu ou réversible ( cas des marées )5 - Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by identical operation in a continuous or reversible hydraulic flow (case of tides)
6- .Dispositif selon les revendications précédentes caractérisée par la fonction d'ascenseur à poisson par Y équipement de pales avec des clapets Cl et C2 selon la figure 3. 7- Dispositif d'aubes à forme multiple, pour contrôler le débit de l'eau, ces aubes étant constituées - ( figure 6) d'une partie aube fixe ( 17 )6-. Device according to the preceding claims characterized by the fish elevator function by Y equipment of blades with valves Cl and C2 according to FIG. 3. 7- Multi-shaped blade device, for controlling the flow of the water, these blades being made up ((FIG. 6) of a fixed blade part (17)
- d'une ou deux parties mobiles (18-19) qui, par leur position ouverte, permettent d'isoler le volume entre deux aubes et le rend ainsi étanche à l'eau, ce qui réduit le débit de passage de l'eau dans la roue en proportion du nombre des aubes de la roue.- one or two moving parts (18-19) which, by their open position, allow the volume between two blades to be isolated and thus make it watertight, which reduces the water flow rate in the wheel in proportion to the number of blades on the wheel.
8- Dispositif de contrôle des débits par la réalisation d'une partie tournante (1) en plusieurs sections reliées entre elles par des systèmes d'embrayage-débrayage implantés sur les courronnes (5').8- Device for controlling the flow rates by producing a rotating part (1) in several sections connected together by clutch-declutching systems installed on the crowns (5 ′).
9- Dispositif d'aubes inclinées suivant la figure 8 dans lequel dispositif est privilégié l'utilisation de l'énergie dynamique et cinétique eau / aubes. 9- Device of inclined blades according to FIG. 8 in which device is favored the use of dynamic energy and kinetic water / blades.
EP03720625A 2002-11-22 2003-02-19 Hydraulic wheel Withdrawn EP1567767A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0214627A FR2847621B1 (en) 2002-11-22 2002-11-22 HYDRAULIC TURBINE IN AUBES
FR0214627 2002-11-22
FR0216697 2002-12-26
FR0216697A FR2849472B1 (en) 2002-12-26 2002-12-26 HYDRAULIC DAMPER WHEEL IN AUBES
FR0300120A FR2849679A1 (en) 2003-01-08 2003-01-08 Power generation water turbine has water level control sluice integrated into centre of turbine ring
FR0300120 2003-01-08
PCT/FR2003/000543 WO2004048773A1 (en) 2002-11-22 2003-02-19 Hydraulic wheel

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2004048773A1 *

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US20050286975A1 (en) 2005-12-29
BR0316445A (en) 2005-10-11
OA13205A (en) 2006-12-13
WO2004048773A1 (en) 2004-06-10
CA2506553A1 (en) 2004-06-10
JP2006507448A (en) 2006-03-02
EA200500874A1 (en) 2005-12-29
AU2003224205A1 (en) 2004-06-18
EA008133B1 (en) 2007-04-27

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