EP1753537B1 - Crusher, its use and method in crushing of solid matter - Google Patents

Crusher, its use and method in crushing of solid matter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1753537B1
EP1753537B1 EP05744746A EP05744746A EP1753537B1 EP 1753537 B1 EP1753537 B1 EP 1753537B1 EP 05744746 A EP05744746 A EP 05744746A EP 05744746 A EP05744746 A EP 05744746A EP 1753537 B1 EP1753537 B1 EP 1753537B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
counter blade
crusher
counter
rotor
blade
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP05744746A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1753537A1 (en
Inventor
Lassi Kulju
Tarmo Lehtonen
Kyösti KOPRA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raumaster Oy
Original Assignee
Raumaster Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Raumaster Oy filed Critical Raumaster Oy
Publication of EP1753537A1 publication Critical patent/EP1753537A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1753537B1 publication Critical patent/EP1753537B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/146—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with a rotor comprising a plurality of axially contiguous disc-like segments each having at least one radially extending cutting element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C2018/164—Prevention of jamming and/or overload
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B02C2018/188—Stationary counter-knives; Mountings thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a crusher, its use and method in crushing of solid matter according to the preambles of the independent claims described further below.
  • rotor crushers for crushing solid fuel, which crushers consist of a cogged rotor, an actuator for rotating the rotor as well a frame, to which is fixed a stationary comb-like cogged counter blade, with which the cogs of the rotor intermesh.
  • a torque limiter which can be e.g. a mechanical torque limiting clutch or an electronic monitoring system mounted in connection with the actuator, which clutch or system monitors the load of the driving motor.
  • a torque limiter changes the rotating direction of the rotor and/or stops the rotor. This prevents in some situations damaging of the device, but also stops the fuel feeding into the boiler until the hard piece, which has caused the overload situation, has been manually removed from the crusher.
  • the publications EP 0513479 A1 and US 5718389 disclose crushers according to the prior art.
  • the French patent publication FR 7638820 discloses a crusher, in which the counter blade has been fixed to the frame of the device by articulation. The position of the counter blade can be changed by turning it about the articulation.
  • An aim of the present invention is to reduce shutdowns of processes, for example of combustion boilers, caused by the stopping of the crusher for solid matter.
  • Another aim of the present invention is a method, with which damaging of the crusher is prevented, when hard pieces get into the crusher.
  • a typical crusher comprises a frame, a cogged rotor, which has been fixed to the frame and which has been arranged to rotate about its longitudinal axis, an actuator for rotating the rotor, a comb-like cogged counter blade, which has been fixed to the frame, and with the counter cogs of which the rotor cogs have been arranged to intermesh, as well as detecting means for detecting a disturbance.
  • the counter blade has been fixed to the frame of the crusher by an articulation, about the shaft of which the counter blade has been arranged to be turned.
  • the crusher further comprises an actuator for turning the counter blade about the articulated shaft.
  • the crusher according to the invention is typically used for crushing solid fuel.
  • solid matter to be crushed is fed into the crusher between the rotating cogged rotor and the comb-like cogged counter blade, when the rotor and the counter blade are in the working position, and a measured variable, which indicates the disturbance in the crusher, is measured by detecting means.
  • the value of the measured variable reaches a predetermined threshold value, the counter blade is turned away from the rotor to a predetermined distance from the rotor, and after that the counter blade is turned back to the working position.
  • the crusher comprises at least two counter blades.
  • the counter blades can be placed parallel, so that their ends have been arranged at a distance from each other.
  • each counter blade has been fixed to the frame by an articulation, about the articulated shaft of which the counter blade can be turned. In case of a disturbance, all counter blades of the crusher can thus be turned to a distance from the rotating rotor.
  • the counter blade is arranged to the frame of the crusher by articulation, it can be turned to a distance from the rotor of the crusher, when a hard piece gets into the crusher.
  • the hard piece falls from the gap formed between the rotor and the counter blade out of the crusher, if the diameter of the piece is smaller than the width of the gap between the rotor and the counter blade.
  • the crushing process need not be interrupted during the removal of smallesh hard pieces, what considerably reduces the downtime of the crushing process and indirectly also the need for the shutdown of the entire process.
  • the threshold value of the diameter of hard pieces can be determined, whereby the pieces smaller than the threshold value can automatically be removed from the crusher without needing to interrupt its operation.
  • each individual counter blade is arranged to have its own actuator as described above for turning an individual counter blade to a distance away from the rotor.
  • each counter blade can be individually turned away from the rotor without needing to change the working position of other counter blades and to interrupt their operation.
  • exactly the counter blade or counter blades, in which the disturbance has been detected are turned about their articulated shafts.
  • This invention enables the fact that the crushing process very seldom needs to be entirely interrupted.
  • a process, in which a crusher according to the invention for example a combustion process of a boiler of an electrical power plant, is involved, runs even less frequently than before into difficulties due to disturbances in the crushing process.
  • the crusher according to the invention has several individually controllable rotors, against each of which one or more counter blades according to the invention have been arranged.
  • individual rotors can be stopped in case of a disturbance without interrupting the operation of the entire crusher.
  • the counter blade in case of a disturbance, is turned about its articulated shaft by means of an actuator.
  • the actuator of the counter blade can be e.g. a hydraulic cylinder, pneumatic cylinder or an electric motor, with which the counter blade is turned about the articulated shaft with the aid of an appropriate mechanism.
  • Such mechanism can be for example a crank mechanism, by means of which the rotating movement of the electric motor is changed into a turning movement of the counter blade.
  • a reduction gear is generally needed at the rear of the motor.
  • the detecting means connected to the monitoring system of the crusher are arranged to measure the position of the counter blade and/or the force directed to the counter blade.
  • the detecting means can comprise one or more mechanical limit switches, inductive sensors, sensors for measuring the pressure of a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder, strain-gauge transducers or a combination of these measuring devices.
  • the position of the counter blade can preferably be measured by a mechanical limit switch or an inductive sensor.
  • the force directed to the counter blade can, for one, be determined for example from the pressure of the hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder or by measuring by strain-gauge transducers.
  • the detecting means have been connected to a monitoring and control system.
  • data is provided to the monitoring and control system for example of the position of the counter blade and/or the force directed to the counter blade during the crushing process.
  • the monitoring and control system gives to the actuator an order to turn the counter blade away from the rotor. After a certain delay the system gives to the actuator a control order to turn the counter blade back to its original working position.
  • the monitoring and control system can be realised for example by means of a programmable logic, central automation system of a power plant or the like.
  • position means which have been arranged to monitor the position of the counter blade, when the counter blade is turned by means of the actuator about the articulated shaft.
  • the position means can comprise for example an inductive sensor or a mechanical limit switch, with which the distance of the counter blade from the rotor is monitored.
  • suitable position means the distance, to which the counter blade is turned from the rotor, is selected on the basis of the process requirements of the process following the crushing.
  • the threshold value of the diameter of a hard piece can be selected, wherein the hard pieces smaller than this threshold value can be allowed to go through the crusher and get on to the next process phase, e.g. to the fluidised-bed.
  • the operation of the crusher is stopped, if, after turning the counter blade back, the measured variable measured by the detecting means is still bigger than the predetermined threshold value. In that case, the hard piece caught in the crusher is so big that it can't be allowed to go through the crushing phase and get on to the next process.
  • the operation of the crusher is stopped and the piece is manually removed from the crusher.
  • the detecting means can be e.g. a sensor, with which the cylinder pressure is measured.
  • a disturbance for example, when a hard piece, such as a metal chunk, gets between the rotor and the counter blade, the counter blade moves slightly away from the rotor. Simultaneously, air or similar medium, is compressed in the cylinder, i.e. the cylinder pressure increases. If the pressure increase exceeds the predetermined threshold value, the sensor monitoring the cylinder pressure gives a control signal to the monitoring system.
  • the pneumatic cylinder pulls the counter blade rapidly outwards from the rotor, so that the hard piece can fall through the crusher.
  • the monitoring system stops the movement of the counter blade.
  • the pulling away of the counter blade from the rotor can be monitored by position means, such as an inductive sensor, with which the position data of the counter blade is transmitted to the monitoring and control system.
  • position means such as an inductive sensor
  • the monitoring and control system After the counter blade has been turned to its extreme position to a distance from the rotor, it is slowly turned back to its working position. If the monitoring and control system still detects an overload situation, it gives an alarm and stops the crusher.
  • the crusher according to the invention is used for crushing of solid fuel, preferably oil shale, in power plants.
  • Oil shale contains plenty of solids possibly causing disturbances.
  • Fig. 1 discloses a crusher 1, which comprises a cogged rotor 3, 3' divided in two parts rotating on the same axis, an electric motor 10 and a gear assembly for rotating the rotor.
  • Two parallel, comb-like cogged counter blades which are shown in Figs. 2 and 3 , have been fixed from their upper edge to the frame 2 of the crusher 1.
  • the counter blades have been provided with pneumatic cylinders 4, 4', which turn the counter blades about their articulated shafts by means of an articulated mechanism 5, 5'.
  • the pneumatic cylinder 4' of the counter blade facing the rotor 3' has been pushed to its full size, wherein the counter blade has been pulled outwards from the rotor, i.e.
  • the counter blade has been turned to the non-working position.
  • the counter blade facing the rotor 3 is in the working position, wherein the rotor cogs intermesh with the counter cogs of the comb-like counter blade.
  • the material to be crushed such as oil shale, is brought to the device 1 from the top and the crushed material goes out from the bottom of the device 1.
  • Pneumatic cylinders 4, 4' are individually operable. Thus, it is possible, when necessary, to move both counter blades individually irrespective of each other.
  • Fig. 2 shows a side view of a crusher according to an embodiment of the invention, when the counter blade is in the normal working position.
  • the counter cogs 26 of the counter blade 23 arranged in the crusher 21 intermesh with the cogs 29 of the rotor 27.
  • Arrow A shows the rotating direction of the rotor 27.
  • the counter blade 23 has been fixed to the frame 22 of the crusher 21 by an articulation 28, about the articulated shaft 28' of which the counter blade 23 can be turned.
  • the counter blade 23 is in contact with the actuator, such as a pneumatic cylinder 4, through the articulated mechanism 25.
  • the actuator is not shown in Fig. 2 .
  • the pneumatic cylinder pushes the counter blade 23 against the mechanical end stop (not shown) for example with a pressure of 2 bars.
  • Fig. 3 shows a side view of a crusher according to an embodiment of the invention, when the counter blade has been pulled outwards at a distance from the rotor.
  • the counter blade 33 of the crusher 31 has thus been turned about the articulated shaft 38' of the articulation 38, which fixes the crusher 31 to the frame 32, at a distance X from the rotor 37 and its cogs 39.
  • the turning of the counter blade 33 has been performed by using an actuator, such as a pneumatic cylinder, which is in contact with the counter blade 33 by means of an articulated mechanism 35.
  • the actuator is not shown in the figure.
  • Arrow A illustrates the rotating direction of the rotor.
  • Arrow B illustrates the movement of the counter blade 33 and its counter cogs 36 away from the rotor 37, when the counter blade is turned about the articulation 38.
  • Arrow C illustrates the movement of a part of the articulation mechanism 35, which is in contact with the actuator.
  • the counter blade 33 moves a small distance outwards from the rotor, when the air is compressed in the pneumatic cylinder acting as an actuator.
  • the inductive sensor monitoring the working position of the counter blade 33 gives the monitoring system a control signal and the pneumatic cylinder pulls the counter blade 33 rapidly outwards from the rotor 37 for example with a pressure of 4 bars, so that the solid piece can fall through the crusher.
  • the monitoring and control system stops the movement on basis of the position data received from another inductive sensor. After this, the counter blade 33 is turned slowly back to its working position. If the monitoring and control system still detects an overload situation, it gives an alarm and stops the crusher. In this case, the size of the hard piece is over 100 mm, and it cannot be allowed to go to the next process phase, for example to the combustion boiler of a power plant, but has to be manually removed from the crusher.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 show, for the sake of clarity, only one rotor-counter blade pair at a time. It is, however, clear that the crusher according to the invention can also have several, for example 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 2 - 10 or even more rotor-counter blade pairs similar to those shown in Figs. 2 and 3 , each of which act in case of a disturbance individually according to the invention.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
EP05744746A 2004-05-31 2005-05-26 Crusher, its use and method in crushing of solid matter Active EP1753537B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20040734A FI20040734A (fi) 2004-05-31 2004-05-31 Murskain, sen käyttö ja menetelmä kiintoaineen murskauksessa
PCT/FI2005/000240 WO2005115626A1 (en) 2004-05-31 2005-05-26 Crusher, its use and method in crushing of solid matter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1753537A1 EP1753537A1 (en) 2007-02-21
EP1753537B1 true EP1753537B1 (en) 2010-09-15

Family

ID=32338433

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05744746A Active EP1753537B1 (en) 2004-05-31 2005-05-26 Crusher, its use and method in crushing of solid matter

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1753537B1 (fi)
AT (1) ATE481172T1 (fi)
DE (1) DE602005023606D1 (fi)
FI (1) FI20040734A (fi)
WO (1) WO2005115626A1 (fi)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MD184Z5 (ro) * 2010-02-02 2010-11-30 Институт Сельскохозяйственной Техники "Mecagro" Concasor vertical
AT513001B1 (de) * 2012-06-14 2017-06-15 Atm Recyclingsystems Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von stückigen Abfällen

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2374958A1 (fr) * 1976-12-23 1978-07-21 Int Engineering Corp Broyeur pour dechets
DE3621400A1 (de) * 1986-06-26 1988-01-14 Paul Aertker Verfahren und vorrichtung zur sicherung einer schlaghammermuehle gegen ueberlastung
DE4116134A1 (de) * 1991-05-17 1992-11-19 Orenstein & Koppel Ag Prallbrecher und verfahren zum einstellen des arbeitsspaltes
DE19511097C1 (de) * 1995-03-25 1996-07-11 Krupp Foerdertechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur automatischen Einstellung des Mahlspaltes einer Zerkleinerungsmaschine und Zerkleinerungsmaschine
WO2002070137A1 (en) * 2001-03-01 2002-09-12 Ab Skf System and method of monitoring a crushing device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2005115626A1 (en) 2005-12-08
EP1753537A1 (en) 2007-02-21
ATE481172T1 (de) 2010-10-15
DE602005023606D1 (de) 2010-10-28
FI20040734A0 (fi) 2004-05-31
FI20040734A (fi) 2005-12-01

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