EP1752596A2

EP1752596A2 - Mixed-type self-supporting beam and relative method of production

Info

Publication number: EP1752596A2
Application number: EP06111063A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Franco Daniele
Original assignee: Tecnostrutture Srl
Current assignee: Tecnostrutture Srl
Priority date: 2005-08-08
Filing date: 2006-03-14
Publication date: 2007-02-14
Also published as: EP1752596A3; ITUD20050131A1

Abstract

Self-supporting beam to make a floor (11), comprising a metal reinforcement (12), to which a slab (13) is attached, which comprises a cement mix (23) and a covering layer (24) attached below or laterally to said mix. The covering layer (24) is made with the same type of material as that of the lower surface (11a) of the floor (11) or adjacent wall. In this way uniformity of material is obtained between the lower surface (11a) and the corresponding lower surface of the slab (13).

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention concerns a self-supporting beam of the mixed type, which is usable in the building sector for the construction of floors, lofts or suchlike. The beam is light and self-supporting and comprises a metal reticular structure and a concrete slab, attached below the latter.
The present invention also concerns a supporting element of the self-supporting beam on a bearing element of a building structure, such as a pillar, a column or any other element usable in the building sector. To be more exact, the supporting element is able to be inserted into at least one end, head and/or tail, of the self-supporting beam, in order to allow it to rest without overlap on the bearing element.
The present invention also concerns an attachment and support device to be applied to a self-supporting beam, which comprises a metal reinforcement and a slab, attached below the latter and with a parallelepiped shape. To be more exact, the attachment and support device according to the present invention is able to be attached in correspondence with the bigger sides of the slab, so as to attach the latter to the reinforcement of the beam and effectively support the structural elements, for example layers of bricks, which make up the covering.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A self-supporting beam is known, able to rest with its ends on the tops of walls, or pillars of a building, so as to make floors or lofts.
The self-supporting beam comprises a metal upper reinforcement and a slab, for example made of a cement mix, attached below the latter.
The metal reinforcement in turn comprises one or more metal reticular lattices, which consist of a plurality of rods, known as cores, connected both to each other and also to plates, upper and lower.
The lattices, which in some cases are convergent with respect to each other, have the upper ends welded to the upper plate .
The lower ends of the lattices are incorporated into the slab and on each of them a reinforcement plate is welded, so as to guarantee the bearing capacity of the beam.
The cement mix slab, which in turn has its own metal assembly reinforcement, is able both to support a plurality of layers of brick, or other material, that form the floor, and also to increase the self-supporting capacity of the beam.
The known beam, due to the fact that it has the lower slab made exclusively of reinforced concrete, has the disadvantage that, if combined with floors made of brick, or other material, becomes a thermal bridge and hence a zone of heat loss.
Moreover, with the known beam, the floor in its entirety has a lower surface consisting of different materials. This causes a considerable increase in the heat losses, towards an environment above, through the borderline between the concrete slab and the layers of bricks.
Moreover, when surfaces consisting of different materials are put adjacent or superimposed, condensation is generated on the lower surface of the beam, with a consequent stagnation of humidity and the formation of mold.
Moreover, the lack of homogeneity of materials on the lower surface of the floor entails the formation of cracks in a layer of plaster disposed thereon.
One purpose of the present invention is to achieve a self-supporting beam which allows to construct a floor or deck having the entire lower surface made of the same material, so as to prevent the formation of cracks on the layer of plaster and to prevent the creation of heat bridges, with the consequent condensation.
Another purpose of the present invention is to achieve a supporting element for a floor component, advantageously of the prefabricated type, for example a self-supporting beam, which allows an optimum alignment between the lower surfaces of the component with the bearing elements of a building structure, which is simple and economical to make and which can be associated rapidly with the component also on site, and in any case after the component itself has been made.
Another purpose of the present invention is to achieve an attachment and support device which allows to achieve a self-supporting beam by means of a construction method that is simple and does not require the use of costly angle irons produced with the purpose of supporting the structural elements of the covering to be made.
The Applicant has devised, tested and embodied the present invention to overcome the shortcomings of the state of the art and to obtain these and other purposes and advantages.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is set forth and characterized in the main claims, while the dependent claims describe other characteristics of the invention or variants to the main inventive idea.
In accordance with the above purposes, a self-supporting beam of the mixed type according to the present invention is able to be used to make a floor, a deck or a loft.
The self-supporting beam according to the invention comprises a metal reinforcement, having at least a reticular lattice, and a slab attached to the reinforcement and comprising at least a cement mix.
According to a characteristic of the present invention, the slab also comprises a covering layer, which is attached below and/or laterally to the cement mix and is made substantially of the same type of material as the lower and/or lateral surface of the floor and/or the brickwork adjacent to the floor. In this way, a uniformity of material is obtained between the lower and/or lateral surface of the floor, deck or loft, and the corresponding lower and/or lateral surface of the slab of the beam.
In a preferential embodiment, there are structural elements present, for example made of brick, supported by the cement mix and which integrate with the covering layer, also made of brick, so as to define the lower surface of the floor.
According to a variant, the covering layer is disposed in such a manner that a part thereof protrudes laterally with respect to the cement mix.
Advantageously, an angle iron is attached both to the protruding part and also to the main reinforcements of the beam, and comprises a horizontal side which is able to support the brick structural elements.
The beam according to the present invention, moreover, can be provided with one or more lateral walls, or sides, substantially vertical and covered with said covering layer, which are able to contain the concrete during the casting step if there are beams protruding below with respect to the lower surface of the floor.
The method to make the self-supporting beam described above comprises a first step to make the metal reinforcement, a second step, during which the covering layer is made separately, and a third step during which the cement mix is made, so that the latter is attached to the covering layer and at least partly incorporates the metal reinforcement.
Advantageously the third step comprises in turn and in sequence:

a sub-step in which a formwork is rested on the covering layer, inside which the cement mix is made;
a positioning sub-step in which, above the covering layer and inside the formwork, a metal assembly reinforcement is positioned for the cement mix and the lower end of the reticular lattice forming the metal reinforcement; and
a deposition sub-step in which, above the covering layer and inside the formwork, a determinate quantity of concrete is deposited so as to achieve the cement mix and incorporate inside it the metal assembly reinforcement and the lower end of the reticular lattice.

The self-supporting beam thus achieved allows to limit the heat losses and prevent condensation on the floor or deck, on the terrace or in the roof, towards an environment above, and to prevent the formation of cracks in the layer of plaster, disposed on the lower surface of the floor.
Moreover, the lack of interruptions of the type of material that makes up the floor and/or the adjacent brickwork and the entire exposed surface of the beam prevents advantageously the formation of heat bridges with consequent condensation and formation of mold.
A supporting element also comes within the field of protection of the present invention, able to be applied to a floor component, advantageously of the prefabricated type, for example a self-supporting beam of the type as described heretofore, and comprising a main structure and a base slab stably associated with the lower part of the main structure.
According to a characteristic feature of the present invention, the supporting element consists of a shaped body comprising at least a first coupling segment having a cross section mating with the cross section of the main structure, and able to be inserted into at least one end of the latter, substantially defining a structural continuity with the floor component, and a second supporting segment, protruding from the relative end of the floor component, and defining a supporting surface, in order to allow the positioning without overlap of the floor component on respective bearing elements of a building structure to be made.
In this way, since it has not been previously incorporated into the base slab or main structure, the supporting element according to the present invention can be selectively associated with the main structure during the steps when the floor component is laid; this allows to regulate as desired the positioning of its supporting surface with respect to the lower surface of the slab, and hence to adapt the floor component to the type of bearing element on which it is rested. By doing this, it is possible to align the lower surfaces of the floor components with greater precision to the self-supporting beams or other bearing elements of the building structure to be made, thus ensuring that the floor is plane.
Another advantage of the present invention is that, after the completion cast of the floor component, the supporting element constitutes a common reinforcement element between the floor component and the bearing elements on which it rests.
With the present invention it is thus possible to make a building structure of greater strength.
Another advantage is given by the possibility of standardizing the prefabrication steps of the floor components, since it is not necessary, during the production step, to provide any auxiliary element not provided in the design of the beam.
Normally, the floor component consists of a prefabricated auxiliary beam made of steel-concrete, having a metal reinforcement consisting of reticular lattices defining an inner volume of triangular shape. The cross section of the first segment of the supporting element, in this case, has shape and size mating with said inner volume, so as to be able to be inserted inside the lattices, and remain clamped therein through interference.
An attachment and support device also comes within the field of the present invention, able to be used in order to make a self-supporting beam, for example of the type described heretofore, able to support one or more structural elements of a covering, such as a floor, and having a metal reinforcement and a slab attached to the latter.
The slab comprises a cement mix and a covering layer attached below and/or laterally to the latter.
According to a characteristic of the present invention, the attachment and support device comprises at least a metal element, which is attached both to a lateral end of the covering layer and also to the reinforcement, and is provided with a supporting wall able to support the structural elements.
The metal element is obtained by suitably bending a metal sheet and is also provided with at least an attachment element able to attach it both to at least a suitable protrusion of the covering layer, and also, by means of welding, to the lower end of the reinforcement.
The supporting wall of the metal element is advantageously attached to the covering layer by means of glue and comprises a plurality of apertures able to allow a residual quantity of said glue to emerge.
The attachment device according to the present invention allows both an easy attachment of the slab to the reinforcement, and also an effective support of the structural elements that make up the covering to be made.
Moreover, the attachment device according to the present invention is easy to make, and therefore has a lower cost than that of angle irons or metal bars which until now have been used to support the structural elements.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other characteristics of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferential form of embodiment, given as a non-restrictive example with reference to the attached drawings wherein:

fig. 1 is a lateral view of a self-supporting beam according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a section view from II to II of fig. 1;
figs. 3 and 4 are two section views, from III to III in fig. 1, in two different operating conditions;
fig. 5 is a cross section view of a first variant of the self-supporting beam in fig. 1;
figs. 6 and 7 are two cross section views of a second variant of the self-supporting beam in fig. 1, in two different operating conditions;
figs. 8, 9 and 10 are three cross section views of a third variant of the self-supporting beam in fig. 1, in three different operating conditions;
figs. 11, 12 and 13 are three cross section views of a fourth variant of the self-supporting beam in fig. 1, in three different operating conditions;
fig. 14 is a cross section view of a fifth variant of the self-supporting beam in fig. 1;
figs. 15 and 16 are two cross section views of a sixth variant of the self-supporting beam in fig. 1, in two different operating conditions;
fig. 17 is a cross section view of a seventh variant of the self-supporting beam in fig. 1;
figs. 18 and 19 are two cross section views of an eighth variant of the self-supporting beam in fig. 1, in two different operating conditions;
figs. 20, 21 and 22 are three cross section views of a ninth variant of the self-supporting beam in fig. 1, in three different operating conditions;
figs. 23, 24 and 25 are three cross section views of a tenth variant of the self-supporting beam in fig. 1, in three different operating conditions;
fig. 26 is a lateral view, partly sectioned, of a prefabricated auxiliary beam with which two supporting elements according to the present invention are associated;
fig. 27 is an enlarged detail in three-dimensional view of fig. 26;
fig. 28 shows a first variant of the supporting element in figs. 26 and 27;
fig. 29 shows a second variant of the supporting element in figs. 26 and 27;
fig. 30 is a front view of a floor made by means of a self-supporting beam on which an attachment and support device according to the present invention is mounted;
fig. 31 is a front view of a detail of the attachment and support device in fig. 30;
fig. 32 is a view from above of the detail in fig. 31;
fig. 33 is a plane development of the detail in fig. 31;
figs. 34 to 43 show variants of the detail in fig. 31;
fig. 44 is a front view of a floor made by means of a self-supporting beam that supports auxiliary self-supporting beams on which another variant of the attachment and support device in fig. 30 is mounted;
fig. 45 is a front view of a detail in fig. 44;
fig. 46 is a section view from A to A of the detail in fig. 45;
fig. 47 is the development of a detail in fig. 45;
fig. 48 is a front view of an auxiliary self-supporting beam comprising another variant of the attachment and support device in fig. 30;
fig. 49 is a section view from B to B of a detail in fig. 48;
fig. 50 is a section view from C to C of a detail in fig. 48;
fig. 51 is the development of a detail of fig. 49.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERENTIAL FORM OF EMBODIMENT

With reference to fig. 1, a self-supporting beam 10 according to the present invention is used to make a floor 11, a deck or a loft of a building.
The self-supporting beam 10 comprises a metal reinforcement 12 and, below, a slab 13, and rests with its ends on two opposite walls 14 and 15, which are part of the structure of a building.
The reinforcement 12 comprises two reticular lattices 16 and 17 (figs. 1 and 2), each of which consists of a plurality of metal cores 18 connected both to each other, and to an upper plate 19 and also to a lower plate 20.
The reticular lattices 16 and 17 have the upper ends 16a and 17a (fig. 3) convergent and attached to each other, for example by welding, to a central plate 21.
The lattices 16 and 17 have the lower ends 16b and 17b incorporated inside the slab 13 and on each of them another lower plate 20 is welded (figs. 14 to 25).
The slab 13 (figs. 1 to 7 and 14 to 25) is able to support a plurality of layers 22, for example made of brick, or auxiliary beams 40 (figs. 8 to 13), for example of the self-supporting type.
The slab 13 comprises a cement mix 23, containing a metal assembly reinforcement 29 (fig. 1), and a covering layer 24, in this case made of brick, that is, of the same type of material with which the layers 22 or the lower part of the auxiliary beams 40 are made.
The covering layer 24 is attached below the mix 23 and defines, together with the layers 22, or auxiliary beams 40, a lower surface 11a of the floor 11 entirely made with the same type of material.
On the lower face of the covering layer 24 a layer of plaster 27 is normally applied (fig. 14), disposed on the lower surface 11a of the floor 11.
A plurality of metal bars 26, disposed suitably distanced from each other, are mounted on the slab 13, along the entire length of the self-supporting beam 10, and are able to support the layers 22 forming the floor 11.
A layer of concrete 28 is disposed both above the layers 22 and also above the self-supporting beam 10 so as to complete the floor 11 and define an upper surface 11b thereof, on which it is possible to make the floor of the room above, or to dispose a layer of insulating material, not shown in the figures.
The self-supporting beam 10 can also be disposed in correspondence with one end 14a (figs. 3 and 18) of the wall 14, or in correspondence with a step 14b (figs. 4 and 19) of the wall 14. In both cases, the slab 13 is asymmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry X and the layers 22 are rested only on one part of the slab 13 (the part on the right with respect to the axis of symmetry X).
With reference to figs. 2 to 13 and 17, the mix 23, the lower ends of the lattices 16 and 17 and the covering layer 24 are attached to angle irons or shaped irons 25.
The irons 25 have a length equal to that of the self-supporting beam 10 and each comprise a horizontal side 25a, able to support the respective layers 22 or auxiliary beams 40, and a substantially vertical side 25b which, in figs. from 2 to 13 is both welded to the corresponding lattice 16 and 17 and also partly incorporated in the cement mix 23, whereas, in the case shown in fig. 17, it is only welded to the corresponding lattice 16 or 17.
Both the horizontal sides 25a rest on two portions of the covering layer 24 protruding with respect to the mix 23 and identical to each other.
If the self-supporting beam 10 is disposed either in correspondence with the end 14a of the wall 14 (fig. 18), or in correspondence with the step 14b (fig. 19) of the latter, the covering layer 24 comprises only one portion protruding with respect to the mix 23, consequently the self-supporting beam 10 comprises only one iron 25 on which the layers 22 are rested.
According to a variant, shown in fig. 20, a self-supporting beam 110 is disposed protruding downwards with respect to the lower surface 11a of the floor 11, so that the latter assumes a step shape.
The self-supporting beam 110 comprises a metal reinforcement 112 and a slab 113, attached to the latter.
The slab 113 comprises a substantially L-shaped cement mix 123 which comprises a horizontal base 123a, disposed parallel to the lower surface 11a of the floor 11, and a vertical wall 30 or side which achieves a lateral surface 11c of the floor 11.
A covering layer 124, in this case made of brick, covers both the lower surface 123a and also the wall 30 corresponding to the lateral surface 11a, so that the lower surface 11a and lateral surface 11c of the floor 11 are made entirely of the same type of material.
Metal bars 126, disposed suitably distanced from each other, are mounted both on the upper surface of the base 123a and also on the upper end of the wall 30, are welded to the reinforcement 112 and effectively support the layers 22.
Figs. 21 and 22 show the self-supporting beam 110 mounted respectively on an end 114a of a wall 114 and in correspondence with a step 114b of the wall 114.
Fig. 23 shows a self-supporting beam 210 disposed protruding downwards with respect to the lower surface 11a of the floor 11, as seen for the self-supporting beam 110 shown in fig. 20.
The self-supporting beam 210 comprises two angle irons, respectively first 125a and second 125b, which are respectively disposed at the end of the base 123a which supports the layers 22 and welded to the bars 126 mounted on the upper end of the wall 30.
The irons 125a and 125b are both welded to the reinforcement 112 and support the layers 22.
Moreover, the iron 125a is attached to a part of the covering layer 124 protruding with respect to the base 123a of the slab 123.
Figs. 24 and 25 show the self-supporting beam 210 mounted respectively in correspondence with the end 114a of the wall 114 and in correspondence with the step 114b of the wall 114.
The covering layers 24 and 124 are made of the same material as that with which the lower part of the floor 11 is built. For example, if the floor 11 has its lower part consisting entirely of wood, the covering layers 24 and 124 are made of wood, so as to guarantee that the lower surface of the floor 11 is always made of the same material.
The covering layers 24 and 124 can also be made of cement, polystyrene or plastic materials in general, always according to the material of which the lower part of the floor 11 is made.
The method to make the self-supporting beam 10, 110 and 210 comprises, in sequence, a first step to make the reinforcement 12 or 112, a second step during which the covering layer 24 or 124 is made separately, and a third step during which the mix 23 or 123 is made.
The third step is performed by disposing above the covering layer 24 or 124 a formwork, not shown in the drawings, inside which first of all the assembly reinforcement 29 is disposed, and then the lower ends 16b and 17b of the lattices 16 and 17 that form the reinforcement 12 or 112. Then a determinate quantity of concrete is disposed, which covers both the upper surface of the covering layer 24 or 124, and also the assembly reinforcement 29, also the lower ends 16b and 17b of the lattices 16 and 17, so as to obtain the mix 23 or 123.
It is provided, for example, that two second reinforcement plates 21a can be disposed between the lattices 16 and 17 and attached to the bars 26 (figs. 14, 15 and 16) and are able to reinforce the self-supporting beam 10.
According to another variant, the covering layer 24 or 124 is made by the removable parts of a constructional brickwork element, not shown here.
A supporting element 50 (fig. 26) comes within the field of protection of the present invention, associated in this case with respective ends 10a and 10b of the self-supporting beam 10, as described heretofore and used to support a bottom 180, for example made of brick, polystyrene or other, and thus make a floor 11.
To be more exact, the self-supporting beam 10 rests without overlap, by means of the supporting elements 50, on respective bearing beams 214, to define the frame of the floor 11.
It also comes within the spirit of the present invention to provide that the self-supporting beam 10 may not be of the prefabricated type, but that in any case the supporting element 50 is associated after the self-supporting beam 10 has been made.
The reinforcement 12 comprises two reticular lattices 16, joined together in a substantially upside-down V shape, so that the reinforcement 12 has a cross section with a substantially triangular inner volume.
The slab 13 comprises a mix of reinforced and vibrated concrete, which has a thickness equal to about 1/3 of the height of the self-supporting beam 10, and which incorporates at least the end parts of the reticular lattices 16 which form the reinforcement 12. The layer of bricks 180 is associated at the lower part with the slab 13.
Each supporting element 50 (figs. 26 and 27) has a length varying between about 20 cm and about 80 cm, advantageously 30 cm, and comprises in this case a single structure 170 defined by a metal sheet bent and shaped in the desired manner.
To be more exact, the supporting element 50 comprises a first coupling segment 119, and a second supporting segment 120.
The first segment 119, which represents the part that penetrates into the reinforcement 12, represents about 80% of the overall length of the supporting element 50, and has a cross section shaped like an upside-down V, substantially complementary to the triangular-shaped volume defined internally by the two parts of the reticular lattice 16 which form the reinforcement 12, and an inclined front profile 121, and made on the side opposite the second segment 120, so as to facilitate the insertion of the supporting element 50 into the reinforcement 12.
As shown schematically with a line of dashes in fig. 26, the supporting element 50 is progressively inserted with its first segment 119 into the triangular compartment defined by the reticular lattice 16 in correspondence with the respective end part of the reinforcement 12, starting from an initial position 50a completely outside the triangular compartment, passing through an intermediate position 50b partly inserted into the triangular compartment, until it reaches a final position 50c, clamped through interference in the triangular compartment, so as to define continuity with the reinforcement 12.
The second supporting segment 120 protrudes outside the self-supporting beam 10 and comprises a supporting surface 122 and an abutment surface 123.
The supporting surface 122 is substantially parallel to the bottom surface of the layer of bricks 180, and is positioned on the bearing beam 214, to allow the self-supporting beam 10 to rest without overlap on the latter.
To be more exact, the supporting surface 122 is positioned with respect to the bottom surface of the layer of bricks 180 at a distance substantially equal to the thickness of the slab 214a of the bearing beam 214. In this way, when the self-supporting beam 10 is in the resting condition, the bottom surface of the layer of bricks 180 is substantially co-planar with the bottom surface of the bearing beam 214, thus determining a plane floor.
The abutment surface 123 is substantially perpendicular to the supporting surface 122 and is able to contact the end surface of the slab, so as to define the maximum limit of axial insertion of the supporting element 50 into the reinforcement 12.
The single structure 170 also comprises one or more apertures 225 which allow the passage of the cement inside the volume defined by the two reticular lattices 16, during the casting steps to finish the self-supporting beam 10.
In this way, the supporting element 50 also has the function of a common reinforcement element between the self-supporting beam 10 and the bearing beam 214, thus giving greater strength to the structure achieved.
According to the variant shown in fig. 28, the supporting element 150 comprises a first segment 219 formed by two reticular profiles 116 connected to each other so as to form a cross section shaped like an upside-down V, substantially complementary to the triangular volume defined by the two reticular lattices 116; and a second segment 220 formed by a piece of metal bar 128 welded below and transversely to both the two reticular profiles 116, so as to define at least a supporting surface 222, functionally identical to the one previously described.
In this case too, the first segment 219 is progressively inserted and clamped through interference inside the volume defined by the two reticular lattices 116, so that the supporting element 150 has a desired structural continuity with the reinforcement 12, while the second segment 220 protrudes outside the self-supporting beam 10 so as to allow it to rest without overlap on the bearing beam 214.
According to the variant shown in fig. 29, the supporting element 250 comprises a first segment 319 coupling with the reinforcement 12, and a second segment 320 which allows the self-supporting beam 10 to rest without overlap on the bearing beam 214.
In this case, the first segment 319 consists of four metal bars, respectively two lower 226, rectilinear and parallel, and two upper 227, bent and disposed in an upside-down V. The lower bars 226 and the upper bars 227 are welded together so as to define a cross section substantially complementary to the volume defined by the two reticular lattices 16.
The second segment 320 comprises a piece of bar 228 welded transversely both to the lower bars 226 and also to the upper bars 227, thus defining a supporting surface 322 which, in the assembled condition, protrudes from the self-supporting beam 10 and allows it to be positioned without overlap on the bearing beam 214.
In the two solutions shown in figs. 28 and 29, the respective first segments 219 and 319 consist of substantially open structures and therefore do not need apertures 225 to allow the passage of the concrete for finishing the self-supporting beam 10.
An attachment and support device 60 (fig. 30) also comes within the field of protection of the present invention, able to be applied to a self-supporting beam 10, used to support in this case layers of bricks 22 and thus achieve a floor 11 of a building.
The self-supporting beam 10 comprises not only the attachment and support device 60, but also a reinforcement 12 and a slab 13, attached below the latter.
The reinforcement 12 comprises two reticular lattices 16, joined together so that the reinforcement 12 assumes a substantially upside-down V shape.
The slab 13 comprises a cement mix 23 and a covering layer 24, which is attached below the mix 23 and comprises two lateral parts 24a which protrude laterally with respect to the latter.
The covering layer 24 is made using parts removed from suitable constructional elements made of brick, so that the lower surface of the floor 11, defined both by the layers of bricks 22 and also by the covering layer 24, is made of the same type of material.
The attachment and support device 60 is positioned between the slab 13 and the reinforcement 12, so as to attach the slab 13 effectively to the lower ends 16a of the reticular lattices 16.
The attachment and support device 60 (figs. 31, 32 and 33) comprises in this case two irons 190, each of which is obtained by bending a metal sheet 210, in this case made of steel, along suitable bending lines.
Each iron 190 comprises a supporting wall 211 and a hook 221.
The supporting wall 211, in plane, has a rectangular shape with the larger sides having substantially the same length as the self-supporting beam 10.
The supporting wall 211 is rested on the corresponding lateral part 24a of the covering layer 24 and is attached to the lateral part 24a by means of a suitable glue, or by means of mortar.
On the supporting wall 211 the layers of bricks 22 are then rested which, together with the self-supporting beam 10, achieve the floor 11.
Part of the glue or mortar used emerges from suitable apertures 231 made on the supporting wall 211 and suitably distanced from each other, so as to cover substantially the whole length of the iron 190.
The hook 221 is made from the metal sheet 201 by bending so as to be adjacent to the supporting wall 211 and is able to attach the iron 190 in correspondence with a suitable protrusion 240 (fig. 30) of the parts that make the covering layer 24.
The lower end 16a of the corresponding reticular lattice 16 is welded to each hook 221, thus connecting the slab 13 effectively and simply to the reinforcement 12.
According to a variant, shown in figs. 34 and 35, a iron 191 comprises the hook 221 and a supporting wall 212 without apertures.
According to another variant shown in figs. 36 and 37, a iron 192 comprises the supporting wall 211 with its apertures 231 and two hooks 221 made by bending in correspondence with both the larger sides of the supporting wall 211.
According to another variant shown in figs. 38 and 39, a iron 193 comprises the supporting wall 211, a hook 221 in correspondence with one of the larger sides of the supporting base, and a vertical wall 291, made by bending in correspondence with the other larger side.
According to another variant, shown in figs. 40 and 41, a iron 194 comprises the supporting wall 211 and the vertical wall 291 and, unlike the iron 193, comprises an inclined wall 281 instead of the hook 221.
According to another variant, shown in figs. 42 and 43, a iron 195 comprises the supporting wall 211 and the inclined wall 281 and, unlike the iron 193, comprises a hook 221 instead of the vertical wall 291.
As shown in fig. 44, the self-supporting beam 10 can support auxiliary self-supporting beams 250 instead of the layers of bricks 22. Said beams 250 comprise a reinforcement 112, a slab 113 and an attachment and support device 160.
The reinforcement 112 comprises two reticular lattices 116, joined together so that the reinforcement 112 assumes a substantially upside-down V shape.
Two plates 261 are welded to the lower ends 116a (fig. 45) of the lattices 116, able to allow an effective attachment of the reinforcement 112 to the slab 113.
The slab 113 is made entirely of brick and comprises two seatings 271, disposed symmetrically with respect to an axis of symmetry X and able to accommodate the attachment and support device 160 and the lower ends 116a of the reticular lattices 116.
The attachment and support device 160 is obtained by bending from a metal sheet 201 (fig. 47), which comprises two fins 201a made in a piece at one end thereof and disposed symmetrically with respect to an axis of symmetry Y.
The attachment and support device 160 is positioned between the slab 113 and the reinforcement 112, so as to attach the slab 113 easily and effectively to the reinforcement 112.
As shown in figs. 44 and 46, the end 201b of the attachment and support device 160 is disposed outside the slab 113, to allow the correct support of the auxiliary self-supporting beam 250 on the supporting wall 211 of the corresponding iron 190 of the self-supporting beam 10.
For example, the apertures 231 made on the supporting wall 211 can have the form of eyelets, a circular shape, rectangular, trapezoid, or other.
Figs. 48 to 50 show an auxiliary self-supporting beam 251 comprising a reinforcement 212 and a slab 213 attached below the latter.
The slab 213 comprises a layer of brick 224, suitably shaped so as to create seatings 331 in which to accommodate the lower ends of the reinforcement 212, a cement mix 223, disposed above the covering layer 224 and inside which the lower ends 216a of the reinforcement 212 are drowned, and an attachment and support device 260. The latter is made by bending from a metal sheet 203 (fig. 51) suitably shaped and is inserted into suitable housings 312, made inside the covering layer 24.
The attachment and support device 260 comprises fins 321 which allow it to be correctly inserted and clamped inside the covering layer 224.
It is clear that modifications and/or additions of parts and/or steps may be made to the self-supporting beam 10, 110, 210, the relative method to produce it, the supporting element 50, 150, 250 and the attachment and support device 60, 160, 260 as described heretofore, without departing from the field and scope of the present invention.
It is also clear that, although the present invention has been described with reference to some specific examples, a person of skill in the art shall certainly be able to achieve many other equivalent forms of self-supporting beam of the mixed type and relative production methods, having the characteristics as set forth in the claims and hence all coming within the field of protection defined thereby.

Claims

Self-supporting beam of the mixed type to make a floor (11), comprising a metal reinforcement (12, 112), having at least a reticular lattice (16, 17) and a slab (13, 113), attached to said metal reinforcement (12, 112) and comprising at least a cement mix (23, 123), characterized in that said slab (13, 113) also comprises a covering layer (24, 124) attached below and/or laterally to said cement mix (23, 123) and made substantially with the same type of material as that of the lower surface (11a) of the floor (11) and/or lateral surface of said floor (11) and/or the adjacent wall, in order to obtain a substantial uniformity of material between said lower surface (11a) and/or lateral surface and the corresponding lower and/or lateral surface of said slab (13, 113).
Self-supporting beam as in claim 1, characterized in that one or more structural elements (22) are supported by said cement mix (23, 123) and are able to be integrated with said covering layer (24, 124) in order to define said lower surface (11a) of said floor (11).
Self-supporting beam as in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said covering layer (24, 124) comprises at least a part protruding laterally with respect to said cement mix (23, 123).
Self-supporting beam as in claim 3, characterized in that at least an angle iron (25, 125) is able to be attached both to said protruding part of said covering layer (24, 124) and also to said reticular lattice (16, 17), and in that said iron (25) comprises a horizontal side (25a) able to support said structural elements (22).
Self-supporting beam as in any claim from 2 to 4, characterized in that a plurality of metal bars (26, 126) are mounted on said slab (13, 113), separated from each other and able to support said structural elements (22).
Self-supporting beam as in any claim hereinbefore, characterized in that said cement mix (23, 123) comprises at least a substantially vertical wall (30), which is covered with said covering layer (124).
Supporting element for a self-supporting beam as in any claim hereinbefore comprising a main structure (12) and a base slab (13) stably associated with the lower part of said main structure (12), characterized in that it comprises at least a first coupling segment (119, 219, 319) having a cross section mating with the cross section of said main structure (12) and able to be inserted into at least one end of said main structure (12) and clamped therein through interference, and a second supporting segment (120, 220, 320) protruding from the relative end (10a, 10b) of said self-supporting beam (10) and defining a supporting surface (122, 222, 322) to allow the positioning without overlap of said self-supporting beam (10) on at least a respective bearing element (214) of a building structure.
Supporting element as in claim 7, characterized in that said first segment (119) and said second segment (120) are made in a single body (170).
Supporting element as in claim 8, characterized in that said first segment (119) and said second segment (120) consist of a single metal sheet (170) bent and shaped so as to define both said substantially complementary cross section and also said supporting surface (122).
Supporting element as in claim 7, characterized in that said first segment (219, 319) and said second segment (220, 320) consist of at least two distinct elements welded together.
Supporting element as in claim 10, characterized in that said first segment (219, 319) consists of at least a reticular profile (116, 226, 227), and said second segment (220, 320) consists of a piece of metal bar (128, 228) welded transversely to the plane on which said reticular profile (116, 226, 227) lies.
Supporting element as in any claim from 7 to 11, characterized in that it comprises at least an aperture (225) able to allow the passage of concrete during the finishing steps of said self-supporting beam (10) and its consolidation with said bearing element (214) of said building structure.
Attachment and support device for a self-supporting beam (10) as in any claim hereinbefore, able to support one or more structural elements (22, 250, 251) in order to achieve a covering (11) and having a metal reinforcement (12) and a slab (13) attached to said reinforcement (12), said slab comprising a cement mix (23, 123) and a covering layer (24, 224) attached below and/or laterally to the latter, said device being characterized in that it comprises at least a metal element (190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195) attached both to a lateral end (24a) of said covering layer (24) and also to said reinforcement (12) and provided with a supporting wall (211, 212) able to support said structural elements (22, 250, 251).
Attachment and support device as in claim 13, characterized in that said metal element (190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195) comprises at least an attachment element (221) able to attach said metal element (190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195) to said covering layer (24).
Attachment and support device as in claim 14, characterized in that said attachment element (221) is attached to at least a protrusion (240) of said covering layer (24, 224).
Method to make a self-supporting beam (10, 110, 210), having a metal reinforcement (12, 112) provided with at least a reticular lattice (16, 17) and a base slab (13, 113) provided with at least a cement mix (23, 123) and attached to said metal reinforcement (12, 112), characterized in that it comprises a first step to make said metal reinforcement (12, 112), a second step during which a covering layer (24, 124) is made separately, and a third step during which said cement mix (23, 123) is made, so that the latter is attached to said covering layer (24, 124) and at least partly incorporates said metal reinforcement (12, 112).
Method as in claim 16, characterized in that said third step comprises in sequence:
- a step of resting, on said covering layer (24), a formwork inside which said cement mix (23, 123) is made;

- a step of positioning, above said covering layer (24, 124) and inside the formwork, a metal assembly reinforcement (29) of said cement mix (23, 123) and the lower end (16b, 17b) of said reticular lattice (16, 17) of said metal reinforcement (12, 112);

- a step of depositing, above said covering layer (24, 124) and inside said formwork, a determinate quantity of concrete so as to achieve said cement mix (23, 123) and incorporate inside it said metal assembly reinforcement (29) and said lower end (16b, 17b) of said metal reinforcement (12, 112)
Supporting element of a floor component (10) comprising a main structure (12) and a base slab (13) stably associated with the lower part of said main structure (12), characterized in that it comprises at least a first coupling segment (191, 192, 193) having a cross section mating with the cross section of said main structure (12) and able to be inserted into at least one end of said main structure (12) and clamped therein through interference, and a second supporting segment (120, 220, 320) protruding from the relative end (10a, 10b) of said floor component (10) and defining a supporting surface (122, 222, 322) to allow the positioning without overlap of said floor component (10) on at least a respective bearing element (214) of a building structure.
Attachment and support device for a self-supporting beam (10), able to support one or more structural elements (22, 250, 251) in order to achieve a cover (11) and having a metal reinforcement (12) and a slab (13) attached to said reinforcement (12), said slab comprising a cement mix (23, 123) and a covering layer (24, 224) attached below and/or laterally to the latter, said device being characterized in that it comprises at least a metal element (190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195) attached both to a lateral end (24a) of said covering layer (24) and also to said reinforcement (12) and provided with a supporting wall (211, 212) able to support said structural elements (22, 250, 251).