EP1749939A1 - Adapter for work tool as part of quick change coupling and quick change coupling - Google Patents

Abstract

The adaptor (18) for a tool head to an earth working vehicle boom has a quick change attachment (16) having claws (20) which selectively engage the flats of a locking pin of one end of the adaptor. The opposite end of the quick change attachment from the claws has a lug (30) to engage flats on the opposite adaptor locking pin. The quick change attachment can be mounted on either side of the adaptor using the respective flats. There can be locking pins (38,40) on either side of the adaptor, with respective flats.

Description

The invention relates to an adapter for a working device as part of a quick-change device according to the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 and a quick-change device according to the specified in the preamble of claim 26 Art.

From the EP 0 569 026 B1 a generic quick-change device and a generic adapter for a working device as part of a quick-change device for earthmoving machines for replacing work equipment is known. The quick coupler is pivotally mounted on a hydraulically operated boom of the earthmoving machine about a horizontal axis and can be connected to the adapter. The quick coupler has fixed, aligned in a first direction claws, two in the first direction for releasing and in a first direction opposite the second direction for locking sliding latch bolt and the claw remotely located abutment surface.

The adapter consists of a base plate on which at one end a locking plate and at the opposite end by means of fastening straps a coupling lateral surface is provided. The locking plate has on the side facing the coupling surface a first clamping surface, which is inclined to a vertical surface, preferably by 5 ° to 15 °. The locking plate is further provided with two spaced-apart and conically shaped in cross section openings. The cone angle of limited by lateral surfaces breakthroughs is dimensioned according to the end of the locking bolt. The clutch shell surfaces facing side of the latch plate forms a first clamping surface and the conical openings a second clamping surface.

The quick coupler comprises a limited by the claws cylinder jacket-shaped abutment surface for the purpose of support on the cylindrical coupling surface of the adapter. The abutment surface of the quick coupler is flat, corresponding to the first clamping surface of the latch plate. With this in the locking state over the entire surface abutting abutment surface on the first clamping surface and by retracting the conical locking bolt in the openings with the second clamping surface is a sliding of the quick coupler and a multi-axis bracing the facing abutment surfaces of the quick coupler and the clamping surfaces of the adapter.

A disadvantage of this design is that when mounted on a working adapter a rotated by 180 ° mounting the implement relative to the quick coupler with the adapter is not possible. The implement can only ever according to the installation of the adapter on the implement with the quick coupler be coupled because on the first side of the adapter, the claw of the quick coupler associated coupling surface and on the second side of the adapter of the abutment surface and the locking bolt associated latch plate is provided with the openings.

Furthermore, quick coupler devices are known which have a quick coupler having identically formed claws on each side. The adapter has the cylindrical claw surfaces associated with the claws. Since all jaws are the same and only on one side of the claws for locking and unlocking are translationally reciprocated, the implement can be connected to the adapter in both rotated by 180 ° positions relative to the quick coupler with this.

The object of the invention is an adapter according to the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 and a quick-change device according to the preamble. of the claim 26 specified type such that the field of application extended but fundamental changes of the locking and coupling principle of the quick coupler can be avoided with the adapter.

This object is achieved for the adapter by the characterizing features of claim 1 in conjunction with its generic features.

The dependent claims form advantageous developments of the invention.

With regard to the adapter, the invention is based on the finding that all surface shapes for the different functions during coupling and locking of the quick coupler with the adapter on the first and on the second side of the adapter must be realized in order to couple in both by 180 ° to allow rotated positions. It should preferably be avoided that several abutment surfaces cooperate with a common clamping surface.

According to the invention, therefore, both on the first and on the second side at least one claw jacket associated clutch surface, one of the abutment surface associated first clamping surface and the locking bolt associated second clamping surface is provided so that the quick coupler with his optional claws with respect to the first Side of the adapter or in relation to the second side of the adapter aligned with the adapter is connectable. In a simple way, this ensures that, without changing the quick-change principle, a coupling in both positions is realized in the simplest way. Each surface has an optimized shape adapted to the conditions. Therefore, it is advantageous if the individual clamping surfaces and areas of the clutch casing surfaces do not overlap, i. the area of the first clamping surface, the second clamping surface and the coupling lateral surfaces are different and have dedicated abutment surfaces on the quick coupler.

According to one embodiment of the invention, at least two locking shafts are on each side of the adapter provided, each having the coupling lateral surfaces and the first and second clamping surface. The bolt axes fulfill the function of a load-absorbing cross member. Preferably, both bolt axes are identical.

In order to generate corresponding forces and moments for a multiaxial clamping, the second clamping surface is arranged in each case below the longitudinal central axis of the bolt axis.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the second clamping surface and the locking bolt of the quick coupler in the mounted state on a flat system. For this, the second clamping surface and the corresponding region of the locking bolt of the quick coupler are formed corresponding to each other. The mutually associated surfaces can be flat and / or rounded. This ensures that it does not come to critical surface pressures that have a flow of the material result.

Preferably, the quick coupler has a plurality of locking bolts, preferably two, in particular according to the quick coupler of EP 0 569 026 B1 formed, wherein the adapter is provided for this purpose each with a respective locking bolt associated second clamping surface. As a result, the forces are distributed to two locking bolts and thus also to two second clamping surfaces, whereby permissible surface pressures of simpler and thus cheaper materials can be readily achieved. In addition, this is the stability increased the connection of quick coupler and adapter.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the second clamping surface may be formed by a recess, for example by milling or the like in the bolt axis, or by an increase, for example by applying / fixing a plate on the bolt axis. Each second clamping surface is preferably arranged in a recess or on an increase of the bolt axis.

In order to enable a final centering of the quick coupler relative to the adapter during locking in a simple manner, centering means are provided on the adapter and / or quick coupler such that shortly before concerns of the quick coupler on the first clamping surface, the locking bolts are aligned to the second clamping surface. The centering means can be formed by adjacently to the first clamping surface in the recess partially conically extending side surface areas - inlet guides -. In addition, the centering means can also be formed by elevations and corresponding recesses in the quick coupler and adapter. This ensures that the locking bolts extending out of the quick coupler are precisely aligned by the centering means to the second clamping surface and the multiaxial clamping is optimized. In addition, a multiple retraction and extension of Rieglbolzen to achieve a centric position, thereby easily prevented.

It is known to load the locking bolt with a spring element. As a result, tolerances can be compensated by the locking bolt replenished in case of need. Due to the wedge-shaped design of the locking bolt and the adapted second clamping surface is also ensured that even in advanced operation of the wear caused by material removal has no effect on the multi-axial clamping of the quick coupler with the adapter. However, to prevent jamming is out of EP 0 569 026 B1 known to provide a bearing clearance in any case. According to one embodiment of the invention, the second clamping surface is formed curved over an angle up to 180 °. As a result, it comes firstly to a flat support over the largest possible area and secondly, a terminal is prevented because of 180 ° to 360 °, regardless of its displacement position in the locked state of the locking bolt in any case remains free from any contact with the adapter.

In particular, the bolt axis is formed symmetrically to a transverse center plane of the adapter. According to one embodiment of the invention, the first and second clamping surfaces essentially form a common edge.

In order to favor multiaxial clamping, above all the first clamping surface with more than 50% active surface portion, in particular completely, is arranged above the longitudinal center axis of the bolt axis.

In particular, for a quick coupler with two claws, the adapter on the first and second sides respectively two locking axes coaxially side by side at a predetermined distance. The distance between the two coaxial juxtaposed latch axes substantially corresponds to the working space and / or the field of view for an actuating means for the quick coupler - a hand-operated quick coupler - and a display means for the locking state of the quick-change device.

Additionally or alternatively, the bolt axis may be provided with a particular centrally arranged recess for an actuating means for the quick coupler, for example, to be able to comply with certain angles during operation of the actuating means.

An optimal power transmission between the clutch casing surface and the claw of the quick coupler is ensured by the fact that the coupling lateral surface is adapted in each case to the abutment surface of the claw of the quick coupler.

The locking axle acting as a cross member may in particular be fastened laterally in tabs. For a secure arrangement of the adapter on the implement, the tabs and the bolt axes form a torsion-resistant frame. As a result, the forces are transmitted substantially evenly from the earthmoving machine to the implement and from the implement to the boom of the earthmoving machine.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the tabs are arranged on a base plate carrying the tabs or directly on the implement.

To allow replacement of the time-worn bolt axes, the bolt axes and the tabs are releasably connected together.

To increase the rigidity of the adapter, the bolt axes and the tabs are clamped together.

Preferably, the first clamping surfaces of the opposing bolt axes to each other a tip - preferably 10 ° to 40 ° - and the second clamping surfaces an obtuse angle - preferably 140 ° to 170 ° - on, whereby the multiaxial clamping is favored.

Thus, the wear remains low, the bolt axis is at least partially tempered.

The above-mentioned object is also achieved by a quick-change device with an adapter according to the previously described training and a quick coupler for a working machine for earthmoving equipment for replacing work equipment for a hydraulically operated boom of the earthmoving machine according to the characterizing features of claim 26 in conjunction with the generic features.

The quick coupler is pivotable about a horizontal axis and cooperates for releasable connection with the adapter. The quick coupler has fixed, aligned in a first direction claws, at least one in the first direction for releasing and in a first direction opposite to the second direction Locking slidable latch bolt and an abutment surface remote from the claws. Here, the width of the recess of the second clamping surface of the adapter is smaller than the width of the jaws of the quick coupler. However, the claws are arranged so that each claw covers a recess and rests in the mounted state of the quick-change device on both sides of the associated recess. This ensures that the most stable and wide support surface is guaranteed.

The abutment surface of the quick coupler may be at least partially formed by a reinforcing plate. The reinforcing plate is formed in particular from wear-resistant material and may be tempered.

Preferably, the reinforcing plate is releasably connected to the quick coupler. In case of wear, this can then be easily replaced.

Thus, in particular, the abutment surfaces can be optimally formed according to their functions, according to one embodiment, these do not overlap in their lateral arrangement, i. the abutment surface of the quick coupler extends between the remote jaws, but not beyond. As a result, claws are over the entire surface over the entire pivot angle on the bolt axis.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the abutment surface is formed by an increase, whereby the area of the abutment surface can be defined exactly.

The quick coupler may have a mechanical and / or hydraulic drive.

Further advantages, features and applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the embodiments illustrated in the drawings.

The invention is described below with reference to several embodiments illustrated in the drawings.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Darstellung eines Auslegers mit einer Schnellwechselvorrichtung und einem Baggerlöffel mit einem Adapter nach der Erfindung in einem ersten Montagezustand;

Fig. 2

eine schematische Darstellung eines Auslegers mit einer Schnellwechselvorrichtung und einem Baggerlöffel mit einem Adapter nach der Erfindung in einem zweiten Montagezustand;

Fig. 3

eine Schnittdarstellung durch die Schnellwechselvorrichtung, wenn der Schnellwechsler mit dem Adapter gekuppelt ist - Verriegelungszustand;

Fig. 4

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Adapters nach der Erfindung ohne Löffel;

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Riegelachse des Adapters nach der Erfindung;

Fig. 6

eine Seitenansicht des Adapters mit eingezeichneten Winkelverhältnissen der Spannflächen der einander gegenüberliegenden Riegelachsen zueinander;

Fig. 7

eine Vorderansicht einer Schnellwechselvorrichtung mit anderen Riegelachsen;

Fig. 8

eine Schnittdarstellung durch die Schnellwechselvorrichtung, wenn der Schnellwechsler mit dem Adapter gekuppelt ist;

Fig. 9

eine Schnittdarstellung entlang der Linie A-A von Fig. 8;

Fig. 10

eine perspektivische Ansicht des Adapters nach der Erfindung ohne Löffel mit einer weiteren Ausführungsform von Zentriermitteln;

Fig. 11

eine perspektivische Ansicht des Adapters nach der Erfindung ohne Löffel mit einer weiteren Ausführungsform von Zentriermitteln, und

Fig. 12

eine perspektivische Ansicht des Adapters nach der Erfindung ohne Löffel mit dem Schnellwechsler beim Kuppeln mit Zentriermitteln.

In the description, in the claims, in the abstract and in the drawing, the terms and associated reference numerals used in the list of reference numerals given below are used. Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematic representation of a boom with a quick-change device and an excavator bucket with an adapter according to the invention in a first mounting state;

Fig. 2

a schematic representation of a boom with a quick-change device and an excavator bucket with an adapter according to the invention in a second mounting state;

Fig. 3

a sectional view through the quick-change device when the quick coupler is coupled with the adapter - locking state;

Fig. 4

a perspective view of an adapter according to the invention without a spoon;

Fig. 5

a perspective view of a latch axis of the adapter according to the invention;

Fig. 6

a side view of the adapter with indicated angular relationships of the clamping surfaces of the opposite locking axes to each other;

Fig. 7

a front view of a quick-change device with other latch axes;

Fig. 8

a sectional view through the quick-change device when the quick coupler is coupled to the adapter;

Fig. 9

a sectional view taken along the line AA of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10

a perspective view of the adapter according to the invention without a spoon with another embodiment of centering means;

Fig. 11

a perspective view of the adapter according to the invention without a spoon with another embodiment of centering, and

Fig. 12

a perspective view of the adapter according to the invention without a spoon with the quick coupler when coupling with centering.

In Figure 1, a boom 10 of an earthmoving machine, such as an excavator, shown in perspective. At the end of the boom 10, a quick-change device 12 is arranged, which in turn acts on a conventional bucket 14.

The quick-change device 12 consists of a boom 10 connected to the quick coupler 16 and an adapter 18. The adapter 18 is fixedly arranged on the bucket 14. About the quick-change device 12, the boom 10 with various implements, such as the illustrated bucket 14 via the adapter 18 are connected. Due to the inventive construction, which will be described below, the quick coupler 16 with the adapter 18 according to the orientation of the bucket 14 shown in Figure 1 - as a spoon - or in the orientation shown in Figure 2 of the bucket 14 - are coupled as bucket ,

FIG. 3 shows a sectional illustration through the longitudinal center plane on the quick-change device 12 in the locked state of the quick-change device 16 with the adapter 18. For the sake of clarity, the bucket 14 has been omitted.

The approximately rectangular quick coupler housing 16a has on its two sides depending on a receiving claw 20, which engages a partially formed as a coupling lateral surface 22 bolt axis 38 of the adapter 18. An end face of the quick coupler housing 16a provided between the receiving claws 20 merges into a first abutment surface 24 formed as a cylinder jacket as part of the receiving claw 20, which is supported on the region of the coupling lateral surface 22 of the bolt axis 38.

The latch axis 38 facing away from the end face of the quick coupler housing 16a forms a second abutment surface 26 which is inclined relative to a vertical by 3 ° to 35 °, preferably by 5 ° to 20 °.

The quick coupler 16 is provided above its housing 16 a with two lateral suspension lugs 28 which are connected in a known manner to the boom 10.

In the quick coupler housing 16a mechanically two sliding Rieglbolzen 30 are mounted, which cooperate with a spring and a lever. The locking bolts 30 are hydraulically moved by a toggle mechanism from a rest position, not shown here in the locking position shown in Figure 3. In this position, the toggle mechanism is moved beyond a dead center, so that an independent release of the locking bolt 30 is prevented during operation.

The free ends of the locking bolts 30 are frusto-conical and have on their upper side a third abutment surface 32. The third abutment surface 32 extends in relation to the longitudinal axis of the locking bolt 30 wedge-shaped and is flat.

The quick coupler 16 thus has in a first direction aligned receiving claws 20 with a first abutment surface 24, two in the first direction for releasing and in a first direction opposite second direction for locking sliding latch bolt 30 having on its upper side a flat third abutment surface 32 and a second abutment surface 26 remote from the receiving claws 20 on the quick coupler housing 16a.

The adapter 18 consists of two elongated longitudinal tabs 34 and 36, between which the two locking shafts 38 and 40 are clamped. By clamping the locking shafts 38 and 40 between the longitudinal straps 34 and 36 creates a torsion-resistant frame. The longitudinal flaps 34 and 36 are welded at the bottom with a working device, in the present case with the bucket 14. The locking shafts 38 and 40 are spaced from the lower edge of the longitudinal tab 34, 36 so far that the receiving claws 38, 40 of the quick coupler 16 without further notice The locking axes 38 and 40 encompass areas and can be pivoted about this.

The locking axle 38, 40 is in each case cylindrical and comprises a first flat clamping surface 42 and second planar clamping surfaces 44. The first clamping surface 42 extends over the length of the locking axle 38, 40, whereas two second clamping surfaces 44 are provided which are adjacent to one another in each case Well 46 introduced are, see Fig. 5. The locking bolts 30 do not touch the side surfaces of the recess 46.

In order to enable a simple end centering of the quick coupler 16 with respect to the adapter 18, the recess 46 adjacent to the first clamping surface 42 has partially conically extending side surface regions 46a on each side of the recess 46. These side surface portions 46a form inlet guides for the locking bolt 30. The locking bolt 30 are aligned with the extension from the quick coupler housing 16a and retraction into the recess 46 and the second clamping surface 44 of the adapter and thus the adapter 18 relative to the quick coupler 16 and vice versa.

The latch axes 38, 40 are each constructed according to one another and arranged symmetrically in the adapter 18 with respect to a transverse center plane of the adapter 18.

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 6, the mutually associated first clamping surfaces 42 of the locking shafts 38, 40 are set at an acute angle W1 to one another - preferably 10 ° to 40 ° -, whereas the second clamping surfaces of the locking shafts 38, 40 arranged opposite one another are arranged at an obtuse angle W2 to each other - preferably 140 ° to 170 °. The first clamping surface 42 and the second clamping surface 44 in this case have a common edge 48.

As can be seen from FIG. 3, the second clamping surface 44 is in each case substantially below the longitudinal central axis of the bolt axis 38, 40. Moreover As a result of this design, the quick coupler 16 is located on one side with its second abutment surface 26 in the locked state on the first clamping surface 42nd and the third abutment surface 32 of the Rieglbolzens 30 on the second clamping surface 44 at. The rest of the locking bolt 30 is not on, but is exposed.

In the illustrated in Figure 3 locked position of the quick-change device 12, in which the abutment surface 26 rests on the first clamping surface 42, and the receiving claws 20 partially surround the coupling surface 22 of the latch axis 38, the locking bolts 30 have the quick coupler 16 with the adapter 18 due to Moving the locking bolt 30 braced from its rest position in the locked position shown in Figure 3. In this case, the locking bolts 30 act as a wedge gear with the abutment surfaces 32 of the locking bolt 30 and the second clamping surfaces 44. Thereby, a second load-transmitting bearing position of the quick-change device 12 is formed, which is the first bearing point forming coupling surface 22 of the latch axis 38, which is encompassed by the receiving claws 20 , is opposite.

According to an embodiment of the invention not shown in the figures, the abutment surface 26 is formed by a reinforcing plate. For a corresponding area is milled into the housing 16a of the quick coupler 16. The reinforcement plate protrudes beyond the side of the quick coupler housing 16a, so that a defined contact of the quick coupler 16 results on the first clamping surface 42. The reinforcing plate is formed in particular of wear-resistant material and optionally, annealed. In order to replace the wear plate in case of damage, this is detachably connected to the housing 16 a of the quick coupler 16.

According to a further embodiment, the abutment surfaces 26 only extend between the remotely located claws, as a result the locking axis in the claw area can be completely formed as a coupling lateral surface and the claw lies during the pivoting during insertion of the quick coupler 16 into the adapter 18 over the entire pivoting angle of the quick coupler 16 opposite the adapter 18 over the entire surface of the coupling surface 22 of the latch axis 38, 40 at.

To minimize wear, the locking shafts 38 and 40 are hardened.

Alternatively, the second clamping surface 44 may also be formed curved and abut an angle up to 180 ° to the correspondingly formed conical locking bolt 30 in the locked state.

According to an embodiment not shown here, two locking shafts 38 and two locking shafts 40 may be provided coaxially next to each other at a predetermined distance. The bolt axes 38, 40 are here arranged on tabs on a base plate, which in turn is connected to the bucket 14. The distance between the two coaxially juxtaposed locking axes 38 or 40 substantially corresponds to the working space and / or the field of view for an actuating means for the quick coupler 16 and a display means for the locking state of the quick-change device 12th

Alternatively, the latch axis 38, 40 is provided with a centrally disposed recess 50, see Figure 7. Through this recess 50, an actuating means for the quick coupler 16, for example, in a mechanically operated quick coupler 16 are introduced at a predetermined angle in the quick coupler 16.

In Figure 8, the quick coupler according to Figure 3 is shown again, from which the section line A-A emerges. 9 shows that the receiving claw 20 rests on both sides of the depression 46 on the cylindrical coupling lateral surface 22 of the locking axis 38. For this purpose, the receiving claw 20 is formed widened.

FIG. 9 shows the upper receiving claw area 20a and the lower receiving claw area 20b, wherein the lower receiving claw area 20b covers the depression 46 and, as described, rests laterally on the coupling lateral surface 22 of the locking axis 38. As a result, a stable support and the largest possible contact surface is achieved.

In order to enable a final centering of the quick coupler 16 relative to the adapter 18 during locking in a simple manner, centering means 52, 54 on the adapter 18 and / or quick coupler 16 are provided such that just before concern of the quick coupler 16 on the first clamping surface 42, the locking bolt 30 for second clamping surface 42 are aligned. This ensures that the locking bolts 30 extending out of the quick coupler 16 are exactly aligned with the second clamping surface 44 by the centering means 52, 54 and the multiaxial clamping of the quick coupler 16 with the adapter 18 is optimized. In addition, a multiple retraction and extension of the Rieglbolzen 30 to achieve a central position, thereby easily prevented.

FIG. 10 shows an embodiment which has first centering means 52 in the form of guide blocks in the longitudinal straps 34, 36. The quick coupler housing 16a has corresponding second centering means 54, which are adapted to the shape of the first centering means 52, see FIG. 12.

FIG. 11 shows further first centering means 52, which are designed in the form of a guide groove in the locking axle 38, 40. For this purpose, the quick coupler 16 in its second abutment surface 26 has a guide nose as a second centering means 54, see Figure 12th

The invention is characterized in that the possibility is created with a simple construction to connect a quick coupler 16 with different abutment surfaces in mutually offset by 180 ° positions of the adapter 18 with this, without changing the coupling and locking mechanism of the quick coupler 16.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

boom

12

Quick change device

14

Baggerlöffel

16

Quick coupler

16a

Housing of the quick coupler

18

adapter

20

claw

20a

lower intake claw area

20b

upper intake claw area

22

Clutch casing surface

24th

first abutment surface of the quick coupler - claws

26

second abutment surface - housing of the quick coupler

28

Hanger for connection - quick coupler on outrigger

30

locking bolt

32

third abutment surface of the quick coupler locking bolt

34

Longitudinal strap - left

36

Longitudinal tab - right

38

Latch axle - first page

40

Latch axle - second side

42

first clamping surface

44

second clamping surface

46

deepening

46a

Side surface areas of the depression

48

edge

50

recess

52

first centering means

54

second centering means

W1

Angle between the first clamping surfaces of the bolt axes

W2

Angle between the second clamping surfaces of the bolt axes

Claims (33)

Adapter (18) for a working implement (14) as part of a quick - change device (12) for earthmoving machines for exchanging working tools (14) with a quick coupler (16) pivotable about a horizontal axis on a hydraulically operated boom (10) of the earthmoving machine cooperable releasably connecting with the adapter (18), wherein the quick coupler (16) fixed, aligned in a first direction claws (20), at least one in the first direction for releasing and in the first direction opposite second direction for locking sliding latch bolt ( 30) and an abutment surface (26) arranged remote from the claws (20), and wherein the adapter has on the first side at least one clutch lateral surface (22) assigned to the claws and on the second side a first clamping surface (42) assigned to the abutment surface (26) ) and a locking bolt (30) associated with the second clamping surface (44), which are arranged such that in the locked state results in a multi-axis clamping of adapter (18) and quick coupler (16), characterized in that both on the first and on the second side at least one of the claws (20) associated with the coupling surface (22), one of the abutment surface (26) associated first clamping surface (42) and the locking bolt (30) associated second clamping surface (44) are provided, so that the quick coupler ( 16) is selectively connectable with its claws (20) with respect to the first side of the adapter (18) or with respect to the second side of the adapter (18) aligned with the adapter (18). An adapter according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two locking shafts (38, 40) are provided on each side of the adapter (18), each comprising the coupling lateral surfaces (22) and the first and second clamping surface (42, 44). Adapter according to claim 2, characterized in that both locking shafts (38, 40) are identical. Adapter according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the second clamping surface (44) in each case below the longitudinal central axis of the bolt axis (38, 40) is arranged. Adapter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second clamping surface (44) and the locking bolt (30) for a flat contact a correspondingly shaped surface shape - flat and / or rounded - have. Adapter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the quick coupler (16) has a plurality of locking bolts (30), preferably two, wherein the adapter (18) is provided with a respective second clamping surface (44) associated with each locking bolt (30). Adapter according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the second clamping surface (44) by a recess (46) in or increasing on the bolt axis (38, 40) is formed. Adapter according to claim 7, characterized in that centering means (52, 54) on the adapter (18) and / or quick coupler (16) are provided so that shortly before concerns the quick coupler (16) on the first clamping surface (42) the locking bolt ( 30) are aligned with the second clamping surface (44). Adapter according to claim 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that each second clamping surface (44) in a recess (46) or on an increase of the bolt axis (38, 40) is arranged. Adapter according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the second clamping surface (44) is formed curved over an angle up to 180 °. Adapter according to one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the locking axis (38, 40) symmetrical to a transverse center plane of the adapter (18) is formed. Adapter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and second clamping surface (42, 44) substantially form a common edge (48). Adapter according to one of claims 2 to 12, characterized in that the first clamping surface (42) with more than 50% active surface portion, in particular completely, above the longitudinal central axis of the locking axis (38, 40) is arranged. Adapter according to one of claims 2 to 13, characterized in that the quick coupler (16) two claws (20) and the adapter (18) on the first and second side each have two locking shafts (38, 40) coaxial side by side at a predetermined distance , Adapter according to claim 14, characterized in that the distance between the two coaxial juxtaposed latch axes substantially the work space and / or the field of view for an actuating means for the quick coupler (16) and a display means for the locking state of the quick-change device (12). Adapter according to one of claims 2 to 15, characterized in that the locking axis (38, 40) with a particular centrally arranged recess (50) for an actuating means for the Quick coupler (16) is provided. Adapter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling lateral surface (22) in each case the abutment surface of the claw (20) of the quick coupler (16) is adapted. Adapter according to one of claims 2 to 17, characterized in that the locking axle (38, 40) is fastened in each case laterally in tabs (34, 36). Adapter according to claim 18, characterized in that the tabs (34, 36) and the locking shafts (38, 40) form a frame. Adapter claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the tabs (34, 36) on a the tabs (34, 36) bearing base plate or directly on the implement (14) are arranged. Adapter according to one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the locking shafts (38, 40) and the tabs (34, 36) are detachably connected to each other. Adapter according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the locking shafts (38, 40) and the tabs (34, 36) are clamped together. Adapter according to one of claims 2 to 22, characterized in that the first clamping surfaces (42) of the opposing bolt axes (38, 40) to each other have an acute angle (W1), preferably 10 ° to 40 °. Adapter according to one of claims 2 to 23, characterized in that the second clamping surfaces (44) of the opposite locking axes (38, 40) to each other have an obtuse angle (W2), preferably 140 ° to 170 °. Adapter according to one of claims 2 to 24, characterized in that the locking axis (38, 40) is at least partially annealed. A quick coupler device (12) having an adapter (18) according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 7, and a quick coupler (16) for a working device (14) for earthmoving machines for exchanging working devices (14) for a hydraulically operated boom (10). the earthmoving machine which is pivotable about a horizontal axis and cooperable for releasable connection to the adapter (18), the quick coupler (16) fixed, aligned in a first direction claws (20), at least one in the first direction for releasing and in a second direction opposite to the first direction for locking displaceable locking bolt (30) and an abutment surface (26) arranged remotely from the claws (20), characterized in that the width of the recess (46) the second clamping surface (44) of the adapter (18) is smaller than the width of the claws (20) and that the claws (20) are arranged so that each claw (20) covers a recess (46) and in the assembled state of the quick-change device on both sides of the associated recess (46) on the latch axis (38, 40) rests. Quick-change device according to claim 26, characterized in that the abutment surface (26) of the quick coupler (16) is at least partially formed by a reinforcing plate. Quick-change device according to claim 27, characterized in that the reinforcing plate is formed of wear-resistant material. Quick-change device according to claim 27 or 29, characterized in that the reinforcing plate is tempered. A quick coupler according to any one of claims 27 to 29, characterized by a releasable connection of the reinforcing plate to the quick coupler (16). Quick-change device according to one of claims 26 to 30, characterized in that the abutment surface (26) extends only between the remote claws (20). Quick-change device according to one of claims 26 to 31, characterized in that the Abutment surface (26) is formed by an increase. Quick-change device according to one of claims 26 to 32, characterized by a mechanical and / or hydraulic drive.

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