EP1745527B1 - Antenna arrangement for inductive energy transmission and use of the antenna arrangement - Google Patents

Antenna arrangement for inductive energy transmission and use of the antenna arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1745527B1
EP1745527B1 EP05741826.1A EP05741826A EP1745527B1 EP 1745527 B1 EP1745527 B1 EP 1745527B1 EP 05741826 A EP05741826 A EP 05741826A EP 1745527 B1 EP1745527 B1 EP 1745527B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
antenna arrangement
arrangement according
magnetic
magnetic core
windings
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EP05741826.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1745527A1 (en
Inventor
Wulf Guenther
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Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
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Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H01Q7/06—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop with core of ferromagnetic material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna arrangement with an open magnetic core and a winding.
  • the invention is in the field of magnetic field antennas used for inductive energy transmission.
  • it is possible to transmit energy and information by means of electric or magnetic dipoles.
  • electromagnetic waves or only predominantly electrical or magnetic fields are generated. It may be desirable not to emit electromagnetic waves but to confine itself to the generation of magnetic fields, for example to avoid exposure to organic tissue around the antenna.
  • relatively high energies can be transmitted without a galvanic coupling. The effect of such coupling is limited to a narrow spatial area less than about 1 meter. Nevertheless, there are many possible applications for such a transmission.
  • soft magnetic powder composite materials can be used as pressed magnetic cores.
  • these may consist of iron powder.
  • effective permeabilities between about 10 and 30 can be achieved.
  • saturation inductions are approximately 1.0 to 1.4 T.
  • powder composite materials of soft magnetic crystalline Iron-aluminum-silicon alloys and iron-nickel alloys are known, with which application frequencies can be achieved to over 100 kHz.
  • Magnetic cores are known, which are produced by injection molding of an injection-moldable plastic and a nanocrystalline alloy.
  • Corresponding nanocrystalline alloys are for example from EP 0271657 A2 and the EP 0455113 A2 known.
  • Such alloys are produced, for example, by means of rapid solidification technology in the form of thin alloy strips which are initially amorphous and which are subjected to a heat treatment to form a nanocrystalline structure.
  • Such alloys can be ground to alloy powders having particle sizes less than 2mm.
  • so-called flakes with thicknesses between 0.01 and 0.04 mm and widths or lengths of 0.04 to 1 mm per particle arise.
  • These flakes can be processed into composite materials using synthetic resins, in which saturation magnetizations greater than 0.5 Tesla and permeabilities between 10 and 200 can be realized.
  • a manufacturing method for such magnetic cores is for example in the WO 0191141 A1 shown.
  • transponders which also consist of soft magnetic powder composite materials, such as amorphous alloys. Such antennas are used there for the exchange of information.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing an antenna arrangement for use in the inductive transmission of energy, regardless of a precise positioning of the antenna arrangement relative to a receiver.
  • the present invention aims at the effective transmission of energy in the near field region and the reliable functioning independently of a precise positioning of the antenna arrangement relative to a receiver, to which the energy is to be transmitted by inductive means.
  • the setting of very specific magnetic properties, in particular a sufficient flow with a suitable radiation characteristic in the antenna arrangement is necessary.
  • antennas as used in the present antenna arrangement, usually represent the inductive part of a resonant circuit, a high antenna quality of at least 50, preferably even 100 in the range of the operating frequency is desirable for optimizing the energy dissipation.
  • a temperature-independent permeability is required, which is for optimal flow control between 30 and 200. With higher permeability, the flux bundling in the core is so good that laterally too low a flow component emerges from the core and the field strength along the core, ie in the receiver region, becomes highly inhomogeneous.
  • the object underlying the present invention can not be solved satisfactorily with the known magnet arrangements, magnetic cores and materials.
  • the magnetic core contains as a composite material a soft magnetic component of finely divided particles and a plastic component, wherein the magnetic core has an initial permeability between 20 and 200 and a saturation induction> 0.6 T.
  • the soft magnetic component advantageously consists of the already mentioned flakes of a nanocrystalline material. This has a saturation magnetization of about 1 to 1.6T and permeabilities> 30,000.
  • a plastic component of the magnetic circuit By mixing with a plastic component of the magnetic circuit is through the microscopic gaps between the flakes are interrupted and it is possible to set lower effective permeabilities of 30 to 100 with high quality and temperature stability. Nevertheless, a high achievable flux density greater than 0.6 T, typically greater than 0.9 T.
  • the soft magnetic component of the magnetic core also has the advantageous advantage that the particles are each electrically isolated by a surface layer. This can be realized for example by surface oxidation or plastic coating.
  • the particle size may advantageously be less than 2 mm, wherein the particle thicknesses may be smaller than 0.5 mm. As a result of this configuration of the particles, particularly low loss of magnetization losses and thus a particularly high quality of the antenna are achieved.
  • the mechanical properties can be adjusted with regard to the type and proportion of the plastic used with regard to fracture toughness and flexibility
  • thermosets or thermosets such as polyamide, polyacrylate, polyacetate, polyimide or epoxy resin depending on the desired mechanical and thermal properties.
  • the antenna arrangement as a magnetic core on a rod or a plate, which are provided with a winding. Certain core cross-sections are necessary to make the arrangement usable for the effective transmission of energy. If an average flux of at least 20 ⁇ Wb is to be achieved in the core, this results in an induction of 400 mT with a cross section of 0.5 cm 2 . This corresponds to about half of the cross section, which would be necessary when using a soft ferrite.
  • the coil length of the winding should be greater than its diameter, preferably large compared to the diameter.
  • An essential feature of the material used according to the invention is the mechanical insensitivity to shock or vibration and the free shaping during the production or a subsequent flexibility.
  • the inventively used material also allows because of its magnetic properties also a small size, as it is desirable for cost, space and design reasons in many applications.
  • a plurality of windings may be arranged on the same magnetic core, wherein the longitudinal axes of the windings are at an angle> 0 °, for example 90 ° to each other.
  • the windings may be driven simultaneously, out of phase or alternately to reach inductive energy transfer receivers in different positions. This makes the transmission of energy more reliable and less sensitive to the relative positioning of transmitter and receiver.
  • the invention also relates to various operating methods of the antenna arrangement according to the invention with intermittent operation of the various windings or the mentioned phase-shifted simultaneous driving of the different windings.
  • the antenna arrangement according to the invention is also designed to save space, it may additionally be useful to provide a recess within a magnetic core in which electronic components, for example the drive circuit of the antenna arrangement, can be accommodated.
  • the flow guidance within the magnetic core is hardly negatively influenced by such recesses, if they are not too large.
  • the antenna arrangement can advantageously be prefabricated with the drive circuit and simply used as an integral unit in a device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flat magnetic core 1 with a winding 2, wherein the dimensions of the magnetic core may be, for example 20 x 10 x 0.2 cm.
  • the base area of the core is preferably as large as the target area of a receiver to be covered. Due to the design of the winding, for example, a compression of the windings to the winding ends, a strong as possible homogeneous flux density over the core surface is generated.
  • the special design of the flow orientation and the radiation characteristic shows the FIG. 2 a combination of two mutually perpendicular windings 3,4 on a running almost as a square plate magnetic core 5. The two windings can be alternately sequentially or simultaneously out of phase controlled against each other.
  • the entire arrangement according to FIG. 1 or 2 be flexible. In any case, however, it is more resistant to breakage than, for example, an antenna with a ferrite core or a core made of another conventional material.
  • FIG. 3 Particularly suitable for the transmission of energy to a moving receiver is the in FIG. 3 shown arrangement with a rod-shaped magnetic core, wherein the direction of movement, as well as the antenna of the receiver is directed parallel to the longitudinal axis 6 of the winding 7.
  • FIG. 6 are two different magnetic cores 8, 9 shown, each having a separate winding and the longitudinal axes are perpendicular to each other to allow different flux densities and radiation characteristics.
  • This is an alternative embodiment to that in the FIG. 2 shown with multiple windings on a single magnetic core.
  • FIG. 4 shows an arrangement in which the winding 10 is integrated into a magnetic body 11 in so far as it passes through the magnetic core 11 itself, so that a lower part of the magnetic core 11 in the FIG. 4 forms a yoke that shorts the magnetic flux on the bottom.
  • a shielding effect in one direction (down) is achieved with good radiation upwards.
  • FIG. 5 shows in the magnetic core 14 has a recess 15, which allows there components of an electronic circuit, for example, to drive the winding 16 to accommodate.
  • FIG. 6 shows an application example of the invention- ⁇ en antenna arrangement with a mobile communication terminal, such as a mobile phone or a cordless telephone 17, which has a non-illustrated receiving device for inductive coupling with the antenna assembly 18.
  • the antenna arrangement 18 has in a housing 19, the two magnetic cores 8, 9, which are each provided with a winding and inductively can transmit energy to the receiver in the terminal 17.
  • a capacitor or battery for storing the transmitted energy is provided in addition to the receiver.
  • the same arrangement can also be used for retransmission of information, or a signal which is either also transmitted inductively, which would have to be switched between sending and receiving, or by evaluating the energy extraction of the receiver.

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  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Antennenanordnung mit einem offenen Magnetkern und einer Wicklung.The invention relates to an antenna arrangement with an open magnetic core and a winding.

Die Erfindung liegt auf dem Gebiet der zur induktiven Energieübertragung genutzten Magnetfeldantennen. Grundsätzlich ist es möglich, Energie und Information mittels elektrischer oder magnetischer Dipole zu übertragen. Dabei werden je nach Ansteuerschaltung elektromagnetische Wellen oder auch nur überwiegend elektrische oder magnetische Felder erzeugt. Es kann wünschenswert sein, keine elektromagnetischen Wellen abzustrahlen, sondern sich auf die Erzeugung von magnetischen Feldern zu beschränken, um beispielsweise die Einwirkung auf organisches Gewebe im Umfeld der Antenne zu vermeiden. Insbesondere können durch die Abstrahlung von magnetischen Feldern beziehungsweise die induktive Kopplung an eine Magnetantenne verhältnismäßig hohe Energien ohne eine galvanische Kopplung übertragen werden. Die Wirkung einer solchen Kopplung ist auf einen engen räumlichen Bereich kleiner als etwa 1m begrenzt. Dennoch ergeben sich vielfältige Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für eine derartige Übertragung.The invention is in the field of magnetic field antennas used for inductive energy transmission. In principle, it is possible to transmit energy and information by means of electric or magnetic dipoles. Depending on the drive circuit, electromagnetic waves or only predominantly electrical or magnetic fields are generated. It may be desirable not to emit electromagnetic waves but to confine itself to the generation of magnetic fields, for example to avoid exposure to organic tissue around the antenna. In particular, by the emission of magnetic fields or the inductive coupling to a magnetic antenna relatively high energies can be transmitted without a galvanic coupling. The effect of such coupling is limited to a narrow spatial area less than about 1 meter. Nevertheless, there are many possible applications for such a transmission.

Im Prinzip können dabei neben gebräuchlichen Weichferriten die meisten bekannten weichmagnetischen Pulververbundwerkstoffe als gepresste Magnetkerne verwendet werden. Beispielsweise können diese aus Eisenpulver bestehen. Mit derartigen Magnetkernen lassen sich effektive Permeabilitäten zwischen ca. 10 und 30 erreichen. Entsprechend erreichbare Sättigungsinduktionen liegen bei ca. 1,0 bis 1,4 T. Es sind außerdem Pulververbundwerkstoffe aus weichmagnetischen kristallinen Eisen-Aluminium-Siliziumlegierungen und Eisen-Nickellegierungen bekannt, mit denen Anwendungsfrequenzen bis über 100 kHz erreicht werden können.In principle, in addition to customary soft ferrites, most known soft magnetic powder composite materials can be used as pressed magnetic cores. For example, these may consist of iron powder. With such magnetic cores, effective permeabilities between about 10 and 30 can be achieved. Correspondingly achievable saturation inductions are approximately 1.0 to 1.4 T. There are also powder composite materials of soft magnetic crystalline Iron-aluminum-silicon alloys and iron-nickel alloys are known, with which application frequencies can be achieved to over 100 kHz.

Der Nachteil von derartigen Verbundwerkstoffen und Ferriten besteht darin, dass die Presstechnologien nur einfache geometrische Formen zulassen und dass die entstehenden Magnetkerne relativ spröde und bruchgefährdet sind. Außerdem sind die entsprechenden Magneteigenschaften stark temperaturabhängig, was den Einsatz von Resonanzschwingkreisen erschwert.The disadvantage of such composites and ferrites is that the press technologies allow only simple geometric shapes and that the resulting magnetic cores are relatively brittle and vulnerable to breakage. In addition, the corresponding magnetic properties are strongly dependent on temperature, which makes the use of resonant circuits difficult.

Aus der DE 19846781 A1 sind Magnetkerne bekannt, die im Spritzgussverfahren aus einem spritzgießfähigen Kunststoff und einer nanokristallinen Legierung hergestellt werden.From the DE 19846781 A1 Magnetic cores are known, which are produced by injection molding of an injection-moldable plastic and a nanocrystalline alloy.

Entsprechende nanokristalline Legierungen sind beispielsweise aus der EP 0271657 A2 und der EP 0455113 A2 bekannt. Derartige Legierungen werden beispielsweise mittels der Rascherstarrungstechnologie in Form von dünnen Legierungsbändern hergestellt, die anfänglich amorph sind und die einer Wärmebehandlung zur Entstehung einer nanokristallinen Struktur unterworfen werden. Derartige Legierungen können zu Legierungspulvern mit Partikelgrößen kleiner als 2mm vermahlen werden. Vorzugsweise entstehen sogenannte Flakes mit Dicken zwischen 0,01 und 0,04 mm und Breiten beziehungsweise Längen von 0,04 bis 1mm pro Partikel. Diese Flakes können mit Hilfe von Kunstharzen zu Verbundwerkstoffen verarbeitet werden, in denen Sättigungsmagnetisierungen größer als 0,5 Tesla und Permeabilitäten zwischen 10 und 200 verwirklicht werden können. Ein Herstellungsverfahren für derartige Magnetkerne ist beispielsweise in der WO 0191141 A1 dargestellt.Corresponding nanocrystalline alloys are for example from EP 0271657 A2 and the EP 0455113 A2 known. Such alloys are produced, for example, by means of rapid solidification technology in the form of thin alloy strips which are initially amorphous and which are subjected to a heat treatment to form a nanocrystalline structure. Such alloys can be ground to alloy powders having particle sizes less than 2mm. Preferably, so-called flakes with thicknesses between 0.01 and 0.04 mm and widths or lengths of 0.04 to 1 mm per particle arise. These flakes can be processed into composite materials using synthetic resins, in which saturation magnetizations greater than 0.5 Tesla and permeabilities between 10 and 200 can be realized. A manufacturing method for such magnetic cores is for example in the WO 0191141 A1 shown.

Aus der EP 0762535 A1 sind Antennen für Transponder bekannt, die ebenfalls aus weichmagnetischen Pulververbundwerkstoffen, beispielsweise amorphen Legierungen bestehen. Derartige Antennen werden dort zum Austausch von Informationen verwendet.From the EP 0762535 A1 antennas are known for transponders, which also consist of soft magnetic powder composite materials, such as amorphous alloys. Such antennas are used there for the exchange of information.

Dabei kommt es auf das ausfallsichere Funktionieren des Informationsaustausches in einem räumlichen Bereich von einigen Metern sowie die geringe Störanfälligkeit gegenüber metallischen Gegenständen im Umfeld der Antenne an.It depends on the fail-safe functioning of the information exchange in a spatial area of a few meters and the low susceptibility to interference with metallic objects in the vicinity of the antenna.

In US 2003/0210106 A1 ist eine Antennenanordnung zur induktiven Übertragung elektrischer Leistung beschrieben. Parallel zu einer von zwei sich gegenüberliegenden ebenen Oberflächen eines Magnetkerns eines Senders ist ein mit einem Leiter umwickelter langgestreckter Magnetkern eines Empfängers angeordnet ist. Eine berührungslose elektrische Kopplung des Senders mit dem Empfänger im Nahfeld des Senders bei beliebiger Positionierung des Empfängers ist mit der in US 2003/0210106 A1 beschriebenen Anordnung nicht möglich.In US 2003/0210106 A1 An antenna arrangement for the inductive transmission of electrical power is described. Parallel to one of two opposing planar surfaces of a magnetic core of a transmitter, a wound with a conductor elongated magnetic core of a receiver is arranged. A contactless electrical coupling of the transmitter with the receiver in the near field of the transmitter with any positioning of the receiver is with the in US 2003/0210106 A1 not possible arrangement described.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt dagegen die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Antennenanordnung zur Verwendung bei der induktiven Übertragung von Energie unabhängig von einer genauen Positionierung der Antennenanordnung gegenüber einem Empfänger bereitzustellen.On the other hand, the present invention is based on the object of providing an antenna arrangement for use in the inductive transmission of energy, regardless of a precise positioning of the antenna arrangement relative to a receiver.

Die vorliegende Erfindung zielt dabei auf die effektive Energieübertragung im Nahfeldbereich und das verlässliche Funktionieren unabhängig von einer genauen Positionierung der Antennenanordnung gegenüber einem Empfänger, zu dem hin die Energie auf induktivem Wege übertragen werden soll. Hierzu ist die Einstellung ganz bestimmter magnetischer Eigenschaften, insbesondere eines ausreichenden Flusses mit geeigneter Abstrahlungscharakteristik bei der Antennenanordnung notwendig.The present invention aims at the effective transmission of energy in the near field region and the reliable functioning independently of a precise positioning of the antenna arrangement relative to a receiver, to which the energy is to be transmitted by inductive means. For this purpose, the setting of very specific magnetic properties, in particular a sufficient flow with a suitable radiation characteristic in the antenna arrangement is necessary.

Es sollen mit Hilfe einer gattungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung Leistungen zwischen ca. 1 W und 100 W von einem Sender zu einem Empfänger über eine Entfernung zwischen etwa 0,5 und 50 cm übertragen werden. Anwendungsbeispiele hierzu sind alle Geräte, die drahtlos zeitweise oder dauernd mit Energie versorgt werden müssen. Dabei ist wegen der ausschließlich induktiven Kopplung ein Frequenzbereich von 10 khz bis 150 khz wegen der Verfügbarkeit dieses Frequenzbandes und den Dimensionierungsrandbedingungen besonders geeignet. Außerdem ist ein magnetischer Fluss von mindestens 20 Wb im Magnetkern zu verwirklichen.It should be using a generic antenna arrangement achievements between about 1 W and 100 W from a transmitter to a Receiver over a distance between about 0.5 and 50 cm are transmitted. Application examples for this are all devices that need to be supplied with power wirelessly, either temporarily or permanently. Because of the exclusively inductive coupling, a frequency range from 10 kHz to 150 kHz is particularly suitable because of the availability of this frequency band and the dimensioning boundary conditions. In addition, a magnetic flux of at least 20 Wb in the magnetic core can be realized.

Da derartige Antennen, wie sie in der vorliegenden Antennenanordnung eingesetzt werden, meistens den induktiven Teil eines Resonanzkreises darstellen, ist zur Optimierung der Energieabstrahlung eine hohe Antennengüte von mindestens 50, bevorzugt sogar 100 im Bereich der Arbeitsfrequenz wünschenswert. Außerdem ist eine temperaturunabhängige Permeabilität erforderlich, die zur optimalen Flussführung zwischen 30 und 200 liegt. Bei höherer Permeabilität ist die Flussbündelung im Kern so gut, dass seitlich ein zu geringer Flussanteil aus dem Kern austritt und die Feldstärke entlang des Kerns, das heisst im Empfängerbereich stark inhomogen wird.Since such antennas, as used in the present antenna arrangement, usually represent the inductive part of a resonant circuit, a high antenna quality of at least 50, preferably even 100 in the range of the operating frequency is desirable for optimizing the energy dissipation. In addition, a temperature-independent permeability is required, which is for optimal flow control between 30 and 200. With higher permeability, the flux bundling in the core is so good that laterally too low a flow component emerges from the core and the field strength along the core, ie in the receiver region, becomes highly inhomogeneous.

Die Aufgabe, die der vorliegenden Erfindung zu Grunde liegt, kann mit den bekannten Magnetanordnungen, Magnetkernen und Werkstoffen nicht befriedigend gelöst werden.The object underlying the present invention can not be solved satisfactorily with the known magnet arrangements, magnetic cores and materials.

Sie wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Anordnung gemäß Anspruch ein Verfahrenzum Betrieb 1 sowie einer solchen Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 11 gelöst. Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen des Erfindungsgedankene sind Gegenstand von Unteransprtichen.It is inventively achieved by an arrangement according to claim a method for operation 1 and such an arrangement according to claim 11. Embodiments and developments of the inventive concept are the subject of Unteransprtichen.

Erfindungsgemäß enthält der Magnetkern als Verbundwerkstoff eine weichmagnetische Komponente aus feinverteilten Partikeln und eine Kunststoffkomponente, wobei der Magnetkern eine Anfangspermeabilität zwischen 20 und 200 sowie eine Sättigungsinduktion > 0,6 T aufweist.According to the invention, the magnetic core contains as a composite material a soft magnetic component of finely divided particles and a plastic component, wherein the magnetic core has an initial permeability between 20 and 200 and a saturation induction> 0.6 T.

Die weichmagnetische Komponente besteht vorteilhaft aus den bereits erwähnten Flakes aus einem nanokristallinen Material. Dieses weist eine Sättigungsmagnetisierung von ca. 1 bis 1,6T und Permeabilitäten > 30.000 auf. Durch die Vermischung mit einer Kunststoffkomponente wird der magnetische Kreis durch die mikroskopischen Lücken zwischen den Flakes unterbrochen und es lassen sich niedrigere effektive Permeabilitäten von 30 bis 100 bei hoher Güte und Temperaturkonstanz einstellen. Dennoch ergibt sich eine hohe erreichbare Flussdichte größer als 0,6 T, typisch auch größer als 0,9 T. Die weichmagnetische Komponente des Magnetkernes hat außerdem vorteilhaft die Eigenschaft, dass die Partikel jeweils einzeln durch eine Oberflächenschicht elektrisch isoliert sind. Diese kann beispielsweise durch Oberflächenoxidation oder Kunststoffbeschichtung realisiert sein. Die Partikelgröße kann vorteilhaft weniger als 2mm betragen, wobei die Partikeldicken kleiner als 0,5mm sein können. Durch diese Ausgestaltung der Partikel werden besonders geringe Ummagnetisierungsverluste und damit eine besonders hohe Güte der Antenne erreicht.Die mechanischen Eigenschaften sind je nach der Art und Anteil des eingesetzten Kunststoffes bezüglich der Bruchzähigkeit und Biegsamkeit sowie deren Temperaturabhängigkeit einstellbar.The soft magnetic component advantageously consists of the already mentioned flakes of a nanocrystalline material. This has a saturation magnetization of about 1 to 1.6T and permeabilities> 30,000. By mixing with a plastic component of the magnetic circuit is through the microscopic gaps between the flakes are interrupted and it is possible to set lower effective permeabilities of 30 to 100 with high quality and temperature stability. Nevertheless, a high achievable flux density greater than 0.6 T, typically greater than 0.9 T. The soft magnetic component of the magnetic core also has the advantageous advantage that the particles are each electrically isolated by a surface layer. This can be realized for example by surface oxidation or plastic coating. The particle size may advantageously be less than 2 mm, wherein the particle thicknesses may be smaller than 0.5 mm. As a result of this configuration of the particles, particularly low loss of magnetization losses and thus a particularly high quality of the antenna are achieved. The mechanical properties can be adjusted with regard to the type and proportion of the plastic used with regard to fracture toughness and flexibility as well as their temperature dependence.

Als Kunststoffkomponente können generell alle im Rahmen der Gießharztechnologie verarbeitbaren Thermo- oder Duroplaste wie Polyamid, Polyacrylat, Polyacetat, Polyimid oder Epoxidharz je nach den gewünschten mechanischen und thermischen Eigenschaften gewählt werden.As a plastic component can generally be used in the context of cast resin technology thermosets or thermosets such as polyamide, polyacrylate, polyacetate, polyimide or epoxy resin depending on the desired mechanical and thermal properties.

Im einfachsten Fall weist die Antennenanordnung als Magnetkern einen Stab oder eine Platte auf, die mit einer Bewicklung versehen sind. Es sind bestimmte Kernquerschnitte notwendig, um die Anordnung für die effektive Übertragung von Energie einsetzbar zu machen. Soll im Kern ein mittlerer Fluss von mindestens 20 µWb erreicht werden, so ergibt sich eine Induktion von 400 mT bei einem Querschnitt von 0,5 cm2. Dies entspricht etwa der Hälfte des Querschnittes, der bei Einsatz eines Weichferrites notwendig wäre.In the simplest case, the antenna arrangement as a magnetic core on a rod or a plate, which are provided with a winding. Certain core cross-sections are necessary to make the arrangement usable for the effective transmission of energy. If an average flux of at least 20 μWb is to be achieved in the core, this results in an induction of 400 mT with a cross section of 0.5 cm 2 . This corresponds to about half of the cross section, which would be necessary when using a soft ferrite.

Dabei sollte, um den Magnetkern zur Erhöhung des Flusses effektiv nutzen zu können, die Spulenlänge der Wicklung größer sein als ihr Durchmesser, vorzugsweise groß gegenüber dem Durchmesser. Eine wesentliche Eigenschaft des erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Materials ist die mechanische Unempfindlichkeit gegen Stoß oder Vibrationen und die freie Formgebung im Rahmen der Herstellung beziehungsweise eine nachträgliche Biegsamkeit. Das erfindungsgemäß eingesetzte Material erlaubt wegen seiner magnetischen Eigenschaften außerdem eine kleine Baugröße, wie sie aus Kosten-, Platz- und Designgründen in vielen Anwendungsbereichen wünschenswert ist.In this case, in order to use the magnetic core to increase the flow effectively, the coil length of the winding should be greater than its diameter, preferably large compared to the diameter. An essential feature of the material used according to the invention is the mechanical insensitivity to shock or vibration and the free shaping during the production or a subsequent flexibility. The inventively used material also allows because of its magnetic properties also a small size, as it is desirable for cost, space and design reasons in many applications.

Zur Realisierung der gewünschten Abstrahlcharakteristik beziehungsweise Flussführung der Antennenanordnung kann es vorteilhaft sein, dass mehrere Wicklungen auf demselben Magnetkern angeordnet sind, wobei die Längsachsen der Wicklungen in einem Winkel > 0°, beispielsweise 90° zueinander stehen. Die Wicklungen können gleichzeitig, phasenversetzt oder abwechselnd angesteuert werden, um Empfänger der induktiven Energieübertragung in verschiedenen Positionen zu erreichen. Dadurch wird die Energieübertragung zuverlässiger und bezüglich der relativen Positionierung von Sender und Empfänger unempfindlicher. Die Erfindung bezieht sich dabei auch auf verschiedene Betriebsverfahren der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung mit intermittierendem Betrieb der verschiedenen Wicklungen beziehungsweise dem erwähnten phasenverschobenen gleichzeitigen Ansteuern der unterschiedlichen Wicklungen.To realize the desired radiation characteristic or flux guidance of the antenna arrangement, it may be advantageous for a plurality of windings to be arranged on the same magnetic core, wherein the longitudinal axes of the windings are at an angle> 0 °, for example 90 ° to each other. The windings may be driven simultaneously, out of phase or alternately to reach inductive energy transfer receivers in different positions. This makes the transmission of energy more reliable and less sensitive to the relative positioning of transmitter and receiver. The invention also relates to various operating methods of the antenna arrangement according to the invention with intermittent operation of the various windings or the mentioned phase-shifted simultaneous driving of the different windings.

Zur Erreichung einer derartigen vergrößerten Akzeptanz bei der Positionierung von Sender und Empfänger ist es auch denkbar, dass mehrere Wicklungen auf verschiedenen Magnetkernen der genannten Art vorgesehen werden, wobei die Abstrahlcharakteristik der einzelnen Magnetkerne unterschiedlich geformt oder ausgerichtet ist. Auch durch diese Maßnahme wird der optimale Positionierbereich eines Empfängers der ausgesandten Energie vergrößert.In order to achieve such increased acceptance in the positioning of transmitter and receiver, it is also conceivable that a plurality of windings are provided on different magnetic cores of the type mentioned, wherein the emission characteristic of the individual magnetic cores is differently shaped or aligned. Also by this measure, the optimum positioning range of a receiver of the emitted energy is increased.

Da die erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung auch darauf ausgerichtet ist, platzsparend zu sein, kann es zusätzlich sinnvoll sein, eine Ausnehmung innerhalb eines Magnetkerns vorzusehen, in der elektronische Komponenten, beispielsweise der Ansteuerschaltung der Antennenanordnung, untergebracht werden können. Die Flussführung innerhalb des Magnetkerns wird durch derartige Ausnehmungen, wenn sie nicht zu groß sind, kaum negativ beeinflusst. Außerdem kann die Antennenanordnung mit der Ansteuerschaltung vorteilhaft vorgefertigt und als integrale Baueinheit einfach in ein Gerät eingesetzt werden.Since the antenna arrangement according to the invention is also designed to save space, it may additionally be useful to provide a recess within a magnetic core in which electronic components, for example the drive circuit of the antenna arrangement, can be accommodated. The flow guidance within the magnetic core is hardly negatively influenced by such recesses, if they are not too large. In addition, the antenna arrangement can advantageously be prefabricated with the drive circuit and simply used as an integral unit in a device.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der in den Figuren der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

Figur 1
eine plattenförmige rechteckige Gestaltung eines Magnetkerns mit einer Wicklung,
Figur 2
einen entsprechenden Magnetkern mit zwei Wicklungen,
Figur 3
einen stabförmigen Magnetkern mit einer Wicklung,
Figur 4
einen stabförmigen Magnetkern mit einer integrierten Wicklung und Polschuhen,
Figur 5
einen Magnetkern mit einer Ausnehmung und
Figur 6
eine Anwendung der Antennenanordnung mit zwei Magnetkernen.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the figures of the drawing. It shows:
FIG. 1
a plate-shaped rectangular design of a magnetic core with a winding,
FIG. 2
a corresponding magnetic core with two windings,
FIG. 3
a rod-shaped magnetic core with a winding,
FIG. 4
a rod-shaped magnetic core with an integrated winding and pole shoes,
FIG. 5
a magnetic core with a recess and
FIG. 6
an application of the antenna arrangement with two magnetic cores.

Figur 1 zeigt einen flächigen Magnetkern 1 mit einer Bewicklung 2, wobei die Abmessungen des Magnetkerns beispielsweise 20 x 10 x 0,2 cm betragen können. Die Grundfläche des Kerns ist vorzugsweise so groß wie der abzudeckende Zielraum eines Empfängers. Durch die Ausgestaltung der Wicklung, zum Beispiel eine Verdichtung der Windungen zu den Wicklungsenden hin, wird eine über die Kernfläche möglichst homogene starke Flussdichte erzeugt. Zur speziellen Gestaltung der Flussausrichtung und der Abstrahlcharakteristik zeigt die Figur 2 eine Kombination aus zwei senkrecht zueinander stehenden Wicklungen 3,4 auf einem nahezu als quadratische Platte ausgeführten Magnetkern 5. Die beiden Wicklungen können abwechselnd nacheinander oder gleichzeitig phasenverschoben gegeneinander angesteuert werden. FIG. 1 shows a flat magnetic core 1 with a winding 2, wherein the dimensions of the magnetic core may be, for example 20 x 10 x 0.2 cm. The base area of the core is preferably as large as the target area of a receiver to be covered. Due to the design of the winding, for example, a compression of the windings to the winding ends, a strong as possible homogeneous flux density over the core surface is generated. The special design of the flow orientation and the radiation characteristic shows the FIG. 2 a combination of two mutually perpendicular windings 3,4 on a running almost as a square plate magnetic core 5. The two windings can be alternately sequentially or simultaneously out of phase controlled against each other.

Bei geeigneter Wahl der Kunststoffkomponente kann die gesamte Anordnung gemäß Figur 1 oder 2 biegsam sein. In jedem Fall ist sie aber bruchunempfindlicher als beispielsweise eine Antenne mit Ferritkern oder einem Kern aus einem anderen üblichen Material.With a suitable choice of the plastic component, the entire arrangement according to FIG. 1 or 2 be flexible. In any case, however, it is more resistant to breakage than, for example, an antenna with a ferrite core or a core made of another conventional material.

Besonders geeignet für die Übermittlung von Energie zu einem bewegten Empfänger ist die in Figur 3 gezeigte Anordnung mit einem stabförmigen Magnetkern, wobei die Bewegungsrichtung, wie auch die Antenne des Empfängers parallel zu der Längsachse 6 der Wicklung 7 gerichtet ist.Particularly suitable for the transmission of energy to a moving receiver is the in FIG. 3 shown arrangement with a rod-shaped magnetic core, wherein the direction of movement, as well as the antenna of the receiver is directed parallel to the longitudinal axis 6 of the winding 7.

In der Figur 6 sind zwei verschiedene Magnetkerne 8, 9 dargestellt, die jeweils eine separate Wicklung aufweisen und deren Längsachsen senkrecht aufeinander stehen um verschiedene Flussdichten und Abstrahlungscharakteristiken zu ermöglichen. Dies ist eine alternative Ausgestaltungsform zu der in der Figur 2 dargestellten mit mehreren Wicklungen auf einem einzigen Magnetkern.In the FIG. 6 are two different magnetic cores 8, 9 shown, each having a separate winding and the longitudinal axes are perpendicular to each other to allow different flux densities and radiation characteristics. This is an alternative embodiment to that in the FIG. 2 shown with multiple windings on a single magnetic core.

Die Figur 4 zeigt eine Anordnung, bei der die Wicklung 10 in einen Magnetkörper 11 insofern integriert ist, als sie den Magnetkern 11 selbst durchsetzt, so dass ein unterer Teil des Magnetkerns 11 in der Figur 4 ein Joch bildet, das den magnetischen Fluss auf der Unterseite kurzschließt. Dadurch und durch die Polschuhe 12, 13 wird eine Abschirmwirkung in eine Richtung (nach unten) bei dennoch guter Abstrahlung nach oben erreicht.The FIG. 4 shows an arrangement in which the winding 10 is integrated into a magnetic body 11 in so far as it passes through the magnetic core 11 itself, so that a lower part of the magnetic core 11 in the FIG. 4 forms a yoke that shorts the magnetic flux on the bottom. As a result, and by the pole pieces 12, 13 a shielding effect in one direction (down) is achieved with good radiation upwards.

Zur Herstellung einer derartigen Anordnung ist das in der WO 0191141 A1 dargestellte Gießverfahren besonders geeignet, bei dem die Wicklung bei der Herstellung des Magnetkerns mit eingegossen werden kann.To produce such an arrangement is in the WO 0191141 A1 casting method shown particularly suitable, in which the winding can be poured in the production of the magnetic core with.

Die Figur 5 zeigt in dem Magnetkern 14 eine Ausnehmung 15, die es erlaubt dort Komponenten einer elektronischen Schaltung, beispielsweise zur Ansteuerung der Wicklung 16, unterzubringen.The FIG. 5 shows in the magnetic core 14 has a recess 15, which allows there components of an electronic circuit, for example, to drive the winding 16 to accommodate.

Die Figur 6 zeigt ein Anwendungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemä-βen Antennenanordnung mit einem mobilen Kommunikationsendgerät, beispielsweise einem Mobiltelefon oder einem Schnurlostelefon 17, das über eine nicht näher dargestellte Empfangseinrichtung zur induktiven Kopplung mit der Antennenanordnung 18 verfügt. Die Antennenanordnung 18 weist in einem Gehäuse 19 die beiden Magnetkerne 8, 9 auf, die jeweils mit einer Bewicklung versehen sind und induktiv Energie an den Empfänger im Endgerät 17 übertragen können. In dem Endgerät 17 ist außer dem Empfänger ein Kondensator oder Akku zur Speicherung der übertragenen Energie vorgesehen.The FIG. 6 shows an application example of the invention-βen antenna arrangement with a mobile communication terminal, such as a mobile phone or a cordless telephone 17, which has a non-illustrated receiving device for inductive coupling with the antenna assembly 18. The antenna arrangement 18 has in a housing 19, the two magnetic cores 8, 9, which are each provided with a winding and inductively can transmit energy to the receiver in the terminal 17. In the terminal 17, a capacitor or battery for storing the transmitted energy is provided in addition to the receiver.

Trotz der Spezialisierung der beschriebenen Antennenanordnung auf die Energieübertragung, kann die selbe Anordnung auch zur Rückübertragung einer Information, beziehungsweise eines Signals dienen, das entweder ebenfalls induktiv übermittelt wird, wobei zwischen Senden und Empfangen umgeschaltet werden müsste, oder durch Auswertung der Energieentnahme des Empfängers.Despite the specialization of the described antenna arrangement on the energy transfer, the same arrangement can also be used for retransmission of information, or a signal which is either also transmitted inductively, which would have to be switched between sending and receiving, or by evaluating the energy extraction of the receiver.

Es ist auch die Anwendung der Erfindung bei der Übertragung von Energie von einem mobilen Gerät zu einem stationären Gerät denkbar, beispielsweise in der Bahntechnik zur Übertragung von Signalen und/oder Energie von einem an einem Fahrzeug befestigten Gerät zu einem stationären Sensor einer Leitwarte/eines Stellwerkes zur Verkehrsüberwachung.It is also the application of the invention in the transmission of energy from a mobile device to a stationary device conceivable, for example in railway technology for transmitting signals and / or energy from a device attached to a vehicle to a stationary sensor of a control room / a signal box for traffic monitoring.

Claims (11)

  1. An antenna arrangement, comprising a magnetic core (1, 5, 14) and at least one winding (2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 16), by way of which inductive energy is transferred from a transmitter to a receiver over a distance between approximately 0.5 and 50 cm,
    characterized in that
    the magnetic core (1, 5, 14) contains composite material, which comprises a soft magnetic component mixed with a plastic component, wherein the soft magnetic component comprises finely distributed particles made of nanocrystalline material having a saturation magnetization of 1 to 1.6 Tesla and permeabilities of greater than 30,000, such that the magnetic core (1, 5, 14) has an effective initial permeability of between 20 and 200 and a saturation induction of greater than 0.6 Tesla, and the magnetic core (1, 5, 14) has a magnetic flux loading capacity of up to at least 20 µWb.
  2. The antenna arrangement according to claim 1, in which the soft magnetic component consists of particles that are individually electrically insulated by a surface layer.
  3. The antenna arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, in which the particle size is less than 2 mm.
  4. The antenna arrangement according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the particle thicknesses are less than 0.5 mm.
  5. An antenna arrangement according to one of claims 2 to 4, in which the particles are surface-oxidized or plastic-coated.
  6. An antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the plastic component contains a thermoplastic or duroplastic, which can be processed within the scope of casting resin technology.
  7. An antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which the antenna formed by the magnetic core (1, 5, 14) and the winding(s) (2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 16) has a quality of more than 50 in the frequency range between 20 kHz and 150 kHz.
  8. An antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, comprising a plurality of windings (2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 16) on the same magnetic core (1, 5, 14), wherein the longitudinal axes (20, 21) of the windings are disposed relative to one another at an angle of more than 0°.
  9. The antenna arrangement according to claim 8, in which a plurality of magnetic cores (1, 5, 14) support the windings (2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 16).
  10. An antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which a cut-out (15) for receiving electronic components is provided in at least one of the magnetic cores (1, 5, 14).
  11. A method for operating an antenna arrangement according to claims 1 to 10,
    characterized in that
    in the antenna arrangement, the various windings (2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 16) are actuated simultaneously with phase shift or in a chronologically alternating manner.
EP05741826.1A 2004-05-13 2005-05-13 Antenna arrangement for inductive energy transmission and use of the antenna arrangement Expired - Lifetime EP1745527B1 (en)

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DE102004023815A DE102004023815A1 (en) 2004-05-13 2004-05-13 Antenna arrangement and use of the antenna arrangement
PCT/EP2005/005271 WO2005112192A1 (en) 2004-05-13 2005-05-13 Antenna arrangement for inductive energy transmission and use of the antenna arrangement

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US20070126650A1 (en) 2007-06-07
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WO2005112192A1 (en) 2005-11-24
EP1745527A1 (en) 2007-01-24

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