EP1745522A2 - Organic electronic devices - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the improvement of organic electronic devices, especially organic electroluminescence devices, to which end inclusion compounds are used, especially as charge injection materials and/or charge transporting materials.

Description

description

Organic electronic devices

The present invention describes the use of certain compounds in organic electronic devices.

In a number of different types of application, which can be broadly attributed to the electronics industry, the use of organic semiconductors has been a reality for some time, or is expected in the near future.

The use of semiconducting organic compounds that are capable of emitting light in the visible spectral range is just at the beginning of the market launch, for example in organic electroluminescent devices. The market launch for simple devices containing OLEDs has already taken place, such as the car radios from Pioneer, the mobile phones from Pioneer and

Document SNMD or a digital camera from Kodak with an "organic display". Other such products are about to be launched. Organic solar cells (O-SC), organic field-effect transistors (O-FET), organic thin-film transistors (O-TFT), organic switching elements (O-IC), organic optical amplifiers or organic laser diodes (O-lasers) are all in one

Research stage is well advanced and could become very important in the future.

The general structure of organic electroluminescent devices (OLEDs) is described, for example, in US 4,539,507, US 5,151, 629, EP 0676461, WO 98/27136,

EP 423283 and described in WO 04/05891 1, these devices usually consisting of several layers. Organic solar cells (e.g. WO 98/48433, WO 94/05045), organic field-effect transistors (e.g. US 5705826, US 5596208, WO 00/42668), organic thin-film transistors, organic switching elements (e.g. WO 95/31833, WO 99/10939), organic optical amplifiers or organic laser diodes (e.g. WO 98/03566) have a similar general structure.

However, there are still significant problems that need urgent improvement:

1. The efficiency has been improved in recent years, but it is still too low, especially in the case of fluorescent OLEDs, and must be improved further.

BESTATIGUNGSKOPIE 2. The operating voltage is quite high, especially in the case of fluorescent OLEDs, and must therefore be reduced further in order to improve the power efficiency. This is particularly important for mobile applications.

3. The operating current has also been reduced in recent years, but needs to be further reduced to improve performance efficiency.

4. The operational life of the electronic devices is still short, so that only simple applications could be realized commercially until now.

The above-described problems of currently available OLEDs are largely caused by insufficient charge injection, charge transport and matrix materials. In fluorescent and phosphorescent electroluminescent devices, the hole injection material (HTM) and hole transport material (HTM) are essentially CuPc (copper (II) phthalocyanine), PEDOT (poly (3,4-ethylenedioxy-2,5) -thiophene) or

PANI (polyaniline) is used. CuPc is generally applied to the anode as a hole injection layer by evaporation in a high vacuum. It has been shown in practice that it is difficult to reproduce sufficiently thin and homogeneous CuPc layers with such a process. Fluctuations in layer thickness mostly lead to short circuits and consequently to

Destruction of the device. In addition, CuPc has a very high evaporation temperature, typically above 400 ° C, so that the radiant heat occurring during evaporation deforms thermally sensitive positioning elements such as suspensions of shadow masks and shadow masks themselves, which can lead to imaging errors in the structuring process. In contrast, the polymeric hole injection materials PEDOT and PANI are applied to the anode from an aqueous solution by spin coating or printing processes (e.g. ink jet printing). PEDOT and PANI are strongly acidic polyelectrolytes that develop their (semi) conductive properties only through the action of a strong Brönsted acid on the organic polymer. The action of equimolar to over equimolar amounts of acid per thiophene or aniline polymer repeat unit causes the strongly acidic reaction of the aqueous polymer dispersions, which is typically at pH = 1. In practice, this not only leads to corrosion on the processing devices (e.g. printheads), but above all to damage in the device itself, although here as a possible one

Degradation mechanism the migration of protons in the strong electric field of an operating OLED is discussed. This migration of protons is probably particularly pronounced compared to the migration of significantly larger ions. The arguments set out above give cause for improvement of the known hole injection and hole line materials. The focus here is on pH-neutral materials that can be processed from aqueous solution.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that inclusion compounds, also known as “inclusion compounds”, are very good as charge injection, charge transport, matrix and electrode materials in organic electronic devices, such as, for example, fluorescent and phosphorescent electroluminescent devices, organic transistors, organic integrated circuits, organic laser diodes, or as charge generation materials in organic solar cells and organic photoreceptors.

The use of certain inclusion compounds, consisting of a light-emitting guest - in particular a transition metal complex - in certain host molecules - in particular cyclodextrins, RNA and DNA - is described in the application US 2003/0181694. The OLEDs produced with these light-emitting inclusion compounds show very poor performance data compared to OLEDs which correspond to the prior art. In particular, the photometric efficiencies are low in combination with very high operating voltages, which leads to even poorer performance efficiencies. In addition, the cited application makes no statement about the lifespan of the test devices produced, a key point in OLED development.

GB 2357180 describes compounds which contain organic fluorescent dyes embedded in cyclodextrins. These are used as color conversion filters in organic electroluminescent devices. The use as a charge injection and / or transport layer is not described.

The invention accordingly relates to organic electronic devices containing one or more inclusion compounds, characterized in that the inclusion connection is not or not directly involved in the light emission.

According to the above, the inclusion compounds contain no light emitting substances. According to a description in the literature (Römpp Lexikon Chemie, Version 2.0, Stuttgart / New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 1999), inclusion or inclusion compounds are, in the broadest sense, molecular addition compounds which are essentially via dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole and Van der Waals forces are connected to each other, whereby one partner - the so-called host molecule - encloses the other - the so-called guest molecule. Depending on the spatial structure, this class of compounds can now be differentiated into those that form a three-dimensional space lattice (cage inclusion lattice), those that tend to form a three-dimensional molecular lattice consisting of individual, stoichiometrically strictly defined intercalation compounds, and those that tend to be form two-dimensional structure (channel inclusion grid). Typical examples of representatives of these subgroups are chlorate (cage inclusion compounds), cyclodextrin iodide inclusion compounds (three-dimensional lattice of discrete units) and amylose iodide inclusion compounds (channel inclusion lattices).

Organic electronic devices containing inclusion compounds as charge injection, charge transport, charge generation, matrix and / or electrode material are of great advantage, as will be explained in more detail below.

Organic electronic devices preferably contain the inclusion compounds as charge generation materials.

Charge generation in the sense of the invention means: 1. The absorption of at least one photon leading to an excited state

(Exciton) leads, and

2.Decay of the excited state together with an adjacent molecule with a quantum yield <1 into two oppositely charged molecular ions (identical or different; idealized as radical cation and radical anion), and 3.Dissociation, which is promoted by the choice of two different electrodes, since this one built-in E-field result.

4. Between 1 and 2 there can also be an energy transfer to neighboring or more distant molecules, which can be the same or different (diffusion).

In addition to the usual organic thin-film solar cells, this also explicitly means so-called Grätzel cells, which are described, inter alia, in applications EP 00850492, EP 00968175, US 06335480 and US 0621 1369. Also preferred are organic electronic devices containing inclusion compounds as charge injection and / or charge transport materials.

A particularly preferred embodiment is organic electronic

Devices containing inclusion connections as hole injection and / or

Hole transport materials.

This preference results from the observation that suitable ones

Allow inclusion compounds to be reversibly oxidized particularly well.

Organic electronic components are also preferred, characterized in that the inclusion compounds have as the host molecule a low-molecular compound with a defined empirical formula. A low molecular weight compound in the sense of this application is to be understood as a host compound with a molecular weight of less than 20,000 g / mol, preferably less than 10,000 g / mol, with a uniform molecular structure.

The host molecule of the inclusion compound is particularly preferably selected from the group of macrocycles, macrocarbocycles, crown ethers, cryptands,

Cyclodextrins, Cyclophane, Calixarenes, Depside, Depsipeptide, Makrolactone,

Cyclopeptides and Resorcinarene.

Examples of host compounds of the above types and those derived therefrom

Inclusion compounds have been described in the literature and are included here via quotation as part of this application (B. Dietrich, P. Viout, J.-M.

Lehn, Macrocyclic Chemistry, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim, New York,

Basel, Cambridge, 1993).

Special mention should be made here of inclusion compounds from Schradinger's α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins and polyiodide ions, which are part of this application via citation (Cramer, Chem. Ber., 9, 855, 1951). Inclusion link this

Types are excellent for the functions described above.

Inclusion compounds are also preferred, characterized in that the host molecule of the inclusion compound is taken from the group of the oligomers and / or the polymers.

These oligomers or polymers can be linear or branched. Dendrimers are oligomers for the purposes of this application. These host molecules of the inclusion compound can be taken from the group of synthetic oligomers and / or polymers or from the group of natural oligomers and / or polymers (biooligomers, biopolymers).

Preferred inclusion compounds have a synthetic one as the host molecule

Oligomer or polymer selected from the group of organic polymers, while inorganic, e.g. Polysiloxanes and Polyphoshate appear less suitable. From the group of organic polymers, those with pure carbon chains are less suitable than those with a mixed carbon-heteroatom main chain. Representatives of the first group can be aromatic

Structural elements, such as polyphenylenes, poly-paraphenylene vinylenes, polythiophenes, polypyrroles, polyketones, polycarbazoles, poly (meth) acrylamide, which may also be N-alkyl-substituted, contain polyacrylic acid, polyvinylsulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acid, poly (anetholsulfonic acid), poly (aniline sulfonic acid), poly (allylamine), polyvinyl ether and oxidized and sulfonated polyolefins, as well as olefin copolymers copolymerized with maleic anhydride, CO or SO ₂ . In this group of pure carbon chain polymers, preference is given to poly (N-vinyl-pyrrolidone), polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol, both as homopolymers and as binary and ternary copolymers, which can be obtained by (partial) hydrolysis of poly (vinylpyrrolidone) co-vinyl acetate). Representatives of the second group are poly (thio) ethers, such as poly (2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide) or polyepichlorohydrin, polyesters, polycarbonates, polylactones, polyamides, polylactams, polyimides, polyethyleneimines, polyisonitriles, polyisocyanates or polyurethanes, to name but a few to call. In principle, all of these polymers can also be regarded as suitable in the form of their mixed types and copolymers. In this group, helically constructed polymers are preferred that contain chiral monomers or have a syndio- or isotactic regularity (tacticity) induced by chiral groups that are temporarily incorporated or remain permanently in the polymer. This also includes those regioregular polymers which are present in the presence of chiral initiators, catalysts, or additives

Solvents are available (Sergeants-and-Soldiers effect).

Also preferred inclusion compounds have as the host molecule a natural, nature-identical or near-natural oligomer or polymer, which from the group of lignins, tannins, oligo- and / or polysaccharides, oligo- or

Polypeptides, isocyanopeptides, RNA or DNA is taken, which can also be synthetically modified. Organic electronic devices containing inclusion compounds which contain an oligomer or polymer from the group of glycogens, cellulose, modified cellulose, hydrate cellulose, starch, modified starch, amylose, modified amylose, amylopectin and / or modified amylopectin are particularly preferred.

The above-mentioned natural or synthetic polymers can be linear or branched.

Natural or synthetic polymers which are constructed helically are very particularly preferred.

The host molecules of the inclusion compound can be soluble or swell in organic solvents and / or water. Preferred is the use of water as a solvent or dispersant

Host molecules and inclusion compounds, since particularly easy to process systems are obtained. These water-based systems also have a significant ecological advantage over systems based on organic solvents. Another advantage of aqueous or water-based solvents is that the subsequent layer can generally be applied from organic solvents without the layer underneath thereby becoming detached.

Inorganic compounds are preferred as guests of the inclusion compound, and the guest can be a neutral compound or ionic. At this point it should be explicitly pointed out that this is the use of

Inclusion compounds consisting of a host and an organic guest do not exclude.

Inclusion compounds are preferred, characterized in that polyanions are used as guests of the inclusion compound.

Inclusion compounds are particularly preferred, characterized in that polyhalide anions are used as guests of the inclusion compound. Polyhalide anions are understood to mean anions of the type X _n ^" and XY _n ^" , where X and Y are elements of the 7th main group, ie fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. Br ^" , I2CI ^" , I ₃ ^" , l ₅ ^" , l ₇ ^" , Ig ^" , Br ₃ ^" or also CI ₃ ^" may be mentioned as typical examples, without wishing to restrict the invention thereto. In addition, for the purposes of this application, X and Y are also understood to mean further simple, preferably linear ions, such as, for example, the pseudohalide ions CN ^" , SCN ^" , OCN ^" , CNO ^" .

Inclusion compounds are particularly preferred as guests of

Inclusion compound have polyiodide anions. Polyiodide ions have the formula l _n ^' , where n is a natural number greater than two.

Further polyhalides of this type are given, inter alia, in the following literature, which is part of this application via quotation

(Natural Sciences 71, 31, 1984; Angew. Chem. 107, 2563, 1995; L. Stein, Halogen. Chem. 1, 133, 1967; J. E. Huheey, Inorganic Chemistry, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York, 1988).

Organic electronic devices are particularly preferred

Inclusion compounds consisting of polyhalide ions, as described above, incorporated into a natural, nature-identical or near-natural oligomer or polymer, selected from the group of oligo- and / or polysaccharides, oligo- or polypeptides, RNA or DNA, in particular the group of oligo - And / or polysaccharides, each of which can also be synthetically modified.

Organic electronic devices containing inclusion compounds which consist of polyiodide ions (guest) embedded in the helical structure of amylose (host) and non-incorporated counter cations are very particularly preferred, in particular as a hole injection and / or hole transport layer in organic

Electroluminescent devices or serve as charge generation materials in organic solar cells.

In a further embodiment, the intercalation compounds can carry organic groups in the periphery which can be crosslinked by a thermally or photochemically induced concerted, radical, anionic, cationic or cationic ring-opening reaction. In addition, crosslinking using transition metal catalysts is possible, e.g. in the form of transition metal catalyzed olefin metathesis. Inclusion compounds can be in solution or dispersion or in solution or

Dispersion applied layer can be crosslinked. Typical crosslinkable groups are olefins (e.g. vinyl groups, allyl groups, acrylonitriles, acrylic acid esters, acrylamides), dienophiles and enophiles which can be reacted in a Diels-Alder reaction, cyclic ethers (e.g. oxirane, oxetane, Tetra hydrofuran, Pyran, dioxane), as well as the corresponding sulfur derivatives, cyclic acetals (e.g. 1, 3-dioxolane, 1, 3-dioxepane, trioxane), lactones, cyclic carbonates, but also cyclic structures which contain different heteroatoms in the cycle, such as oxazolines, dihydrooxazines or oxazolones, cyclic amines such as aziridines or a combination of olefins and ketones which are used in a paterno-

Büchi reaction can be reacted with each other. The crosslinking can also take place via a polycondensation reaction, e.g. about polyester formation, polyamide formation, polysiloxane formation or polyaryl formation via Suzuki reaction, to name just a few of the countless possibilities familiar to the person skilled in the art.

Charged intercalation compounds, regardless of their type, have as counterions inorganic or organic, simple (e.g. alkali, alkaline earth or transition metal ions) or composite ions (e.g. tetraalkyl or tetraarylammonium, phosphonium, trialkyl or triaryloxonium, sulfonium,

Tetrafluoroborate, tetraaryl borate, hexafluorophosphate, etc.) or oligomeric or polymeric (e.g. polystyryl sulfonate) ions. If appropriate, the composite, oligomeric or polymeric ions in the periphery can also carry organic groups which are ring-opening by a thermally or photochemically induced concerted, radical, anionic, cationic or cationic

Reaction can be networked. Either a crosslinked counterion can be generated or a charged intercalation compound can be crosslinked with its counterion.

In principle, the above-mentioned networking is also suitable for structuring

Charge injection, charge transport and charge generation layers, e.g. through photolithographic or related processes.

In the above-described organic electronic devices containing at least one intercalation compound, preference is given to those in which at least one layer has been applied using a sublimation process. The materials are evaporated in vacuum sublimation systems at a pressure of less than 10 ^"5 mbar, preferably less than 10 ^{" 6} mbar, particularly preferably less than 10 ^"7 mbar.

An organic electronic device is also preferred, characterized in that one or more layers are coated with the OVPD (Organic Vapor Phase Deposition) process or with the aid of a carrier gas sublimation. Also preferred are organic electronic devices containing at least one inclusion compound in which one or more layers of solution, such as. B. by spin coating, or with any printing method, such as. B. screen printing, flexographic printing or offset printing, but particularly preferably LITI

(Light Induced Thermal Imaging, thermal transfer printing) or Ink-Jet printing (ink jet printing).

Also preferred are organic electronic devices containing at least one inclusion compound, in which the inclusion compound additionally serves as a polarizer.

In addition to charge transport layers, OLEDs according to the prior art usually also contain polarizers which serve to reduce unwanted reflections of the shiny metallic cathode and furthermore to promote light emission that is largely independent of the viewing angle. These polarizers typically consist of common polarization foils, applied from the outside by lamination to the transparent substrate of the OLED. However, they have the disadvantage of typically only having a transmission of approximately 50-60%, so that a not inconsiderable amount of light is lost when decoupled. Of course, this applies in a similar way to the charge injection and charge used

Charge transport layers, i.e. also for the hole injection layers applied to a transparent anode (e.g. ITO).

A particular advantage of the organic devices containing intercalation compounds described here is that the functional layers hole injection layer (HIL) and

Polarization film can be combined in one layer. The polarizing effect of intercalation compounds, especially the intercalation compounds containing iodine, is known (Z.K. Kalayjian, A.G. Andreou, L.B. Wolff, N. Sheppard, IMEC Conference, Belgium, 1996, 171), their hole transport properties, as stated above, are the subject of these

Invention. The use of iodine-containing intercalation compounds in polyvinyl alcohols or sugar derivatives such as cellulose or amylose, etc. is particularly preferred here. By combining two layers of a conventional OLED in a hole-injecting or hole-conducting and simultaneously polarizing layer according to the invention, the light decoupling efficiency is increased considerably. The orientation of the intercalation compound to produce polarizing properties can be carried out according to methods familiar to the person skilled in the art, preferably by mechanical influences, for example by doctoring or the action of shear forces and seer thinning, such as brushes with rollers, the tangential speed of which slips to the linear speed of the substrate, and by rubbing with a fur, NPN-woven fleece or fabric such as velvet. These brushes can contain natural or synthetic fibers. Carbon fibers are preferred. The layer to be oriented can be a wet film or a dry film; an intermediate state of drying is preferred, which is additionally oriented by blowing on or blowing on with a gas. Likewise, the use of pre-structured surfaces for orientation of the intercalation compound is suitable, such as the polyimide orientation layers customary for LCD. B. described in US 3,941,901.

The organic electronic device containing inclusion compounds is particularly preferably organic light-emitting diodes, organic solar cells, organic transistors, organic integrated circuits, organic laser diodes or organic photoreceptors.

The emitting devices described above now have the following surprising advantages over the prior art:

1. The efficiency of corresponding devices is higher in comparison to systems which, according to the prior art, contain PEDOT, PANI or oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic arylamines as hole injection material and / or hole conductor material.

2. The stability of corresponding devices remains unchanged or becomes higher in comparison to systems which, according to the prior art, contain PEDOT, PANI or oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic arylamines as hole injection material and / or hole conductor material.

3. Since the intercalation compounds are generally not sensitive to oxidation, they can be processed more easily and with less technical effort than comparable oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic arylamines as hole injection material and / or hole conductor material.

4. Many of the inclusion connections shown above are easily made from easily accessible materials. In addition, the use of natural raw materials, such as Starch, resource-saving.

5. Many of the inclusion compounds shown above can be imparted polarizing properties by structuring, so that, in addition to the charge injection, charge transport and matrix function according to the invention, they also act as a polarizer in the organic electronic devices. In the present application text and also in the following examples, the main target is organic light-emitting diodes and the corresponding displays. Despite this limitation of the description, it is possible for the person skilled in the art without further inventive step to use the described intercalation compounds also for other, related devices, for example for organic solar cells, organic ones

Use thin film transistors, organic field effect transistors or organic laser diodes, to name just a few more applications.

Examples: Representation of inclusion compounds:

Unless otherwise stated, the following syntheses were carried out under a protective gas atmosphere. The starting materials were obtained from ALDRICH [solvent, iodine, potassium iodide, tetrabutylammonium iodidej. The water-soluble part of the potato starch, sold under the trade name Mondamin by Unilever, was used as the starch.

Example 1: HIL1 (l ₂ / iodide, = 1: 1, counter ion potassium)

5.0 g of starch was suspended in 200 ml of distilled water. The suspension was heated to 90 ° C. for 2 hours, a clear solution which was slightly opalescent in transmitted light being formed. This solution slowly became a at 90 ° C

Solution of 0.254 g (1 mmol) iodine and 0.166 g (1 mmol) potassium iodide in a mixture of 50 ml distilled water and 100 ml ethanol were added dropwise. After the addition was complete, the dark blue mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature over 16 h. It was then filtered through a 1 μ filter. The mixture thus obtained was then used for coating as described below.

Example 2: HIL2 (l ₂ / iodide, = 2: 1, counter ion potassium)

Carried out analogously to example 1. 0.508 g (2 mmol) iodine and 0.166 g (1 mmol) potassium iodide were used.

Example 3: HIL3 (l ₂ / iodide, = 3: 1, counter ion potassium)

Carried out analogously to example 1. 0.761 g (3 mmol) iodine and 0.166 g (1 mmol) potassium iodide were used.

Example 4: HIL4 (l ₂ / iodide, = 2: 1, counter ion tetrabutylammonium)

Carried out analogously to Example 1. 0.508 g (2 mmol) iodine and 0.370 g (1 mmol) tetrabutylammonium iodide were used. Example 5:

Use of the inclusion compounds as hole injection material

OLEDs were produced by a general process according to WO 05/003253 or WO 04/05891 1, which had to be adapted to the particular circumstances (e.g. layer thickness variation in order to achieve optimum efficiency or color) in individual cases.

The results of various OLEDs are presented in the following examples. The basic structure, the materials and layer thicknesses used, apart from the hole injection layer, were identical for better comparability. Analogous to the above. general procedures, OLEDs with the following structure were generated:

Hole injection layer (HIL) 60 nm of the hole injection materials HIL1 to HIL4 according to the invention according to Examples 1 to 4 (spin-dried and dried at 100 ° C., 10 min.), Or as reference 60 nm PEDOT (poly (3,4-ethylenedioxy-2.5 -thiophene, obtained from HC Starck, spun out of water and dried at 100 ° C, 10 min.)

Hole transport layer (HTM) 20 nm NaphDATA (evaporated; obtained from SynTec; 4,4 ', 4 "-Tris (N-1-naphthyl-N-phenylI-amino) - triphenylamine Hole transport layer (HTM) 20 nm S-TAD (evaporated; produced according to WO 99/12888; 2,2 ', 7,7'-tetrakis (diphenylamino) -spiro- 9,9'-bifluorene) emission layer (EML) EML-F = fluorescent OLED: Spiro-DPVBi (produced according to WO 02 / 10093, 2,2 ', 7,7'-tetrakis (2,2'-diphenylvinyl) -spiro-9,9'-bifluorene) EML-P = phosphorescent OLED: matrix material M1 (produced according to WO 04/093207, bis (9,9 ^' -spiro-bifluoren-2-yl) ketone) doped with 10% lr (PPy) ₃ (manufactured according to WO 02/060910) electron conductor (ETL) 20 nm (evaporated: AIQ ₃ obtained from SynTec; Tris ( quinolinato) aluminum (III)

Ba-Al (cathode) 3 nm Ba, then 150 nm AI

These OLEDs, which have not yet been optimized, have been characterized as standard; for this the electroluminescence spectra, the efficiency (measured in cd / A), the Power efficiency (measured in Im / W) depending on the holiness and current-voltage-brightness characteristics (IUL characteristics) determined.

The results of some examples are summarized in Table 1 and Table 2, the composition of the HIL including the layer thicknesses being listed in each case. The HILs contain, for example, the compounds HIL1 to HIL4 according to Examples 1 to 4 as hole injection material. OLEDs according to the prior art which contain HIL PEDOT are used as comparative examples. For better clarity, the corresponding structural formulas of the substances used are shown below.

AIQ,

Matrix material M1 Table 1: Fluorescent OLED

All fluorescent OLEDs (Examples 6 to 9) show blue emission, which comes from the fluorescence emitter S-DPVBi. The highest photometric efficiencies are obtained in devices in which the hole injection material PEDOT has been replaced by the hole injection materials HIL1 to HIL4 according to the invention (see Examples 7-9). In addition, these examples show lower operating voltages at an operating brightness of 100 cd / m ² , which is reflected in a correspondingly higher power efficiency.

Table 2: Phosphorescent OLED

In summary, OLEDs containing inclusion compounds as HIL are more efficient at lower voltages, as can easily be seen in Tables 1 and 2. In addition, the service life of the devices according to the invention is longer than that of the devices according to the prior art.

Claims

claims: 1. Organic electronic device containing one or more inclusion compounds, characterized in that the inclusion compounds are not or not directly involved in light emission. 2. Organic electronic device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclusion compound is used as a charge generation material. 3. Organic electronic device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclusion compound is used as a charge injection and / or charge transport material. 4. Organic electronic device according to claims 3, characterized in that the inclusion connection is used as a hole injection and / or hole transport material. 5. Organic electronic device according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the inclusion compounds as the host molecule have a low molecular weight compound with a defined empirical formula. 6. Organic electronic device according to claim 5, characterized in that the host molecule of the inclusion compound is taken from the group of macrocycles, macrocarbocycles, crown ethers, cryptands, cyclodextrins, cyclophanes, calixarenes, depths, depsipeptides, macrolactones, cyclopeptides and resorcinarenes. 7. Organic electronic device according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the host molecule of the inclusion compound is taken from the group of the oligomers and / or the polymers. 8. Organic electronic device according to claim 7, characterized in that the host molecule of the inclusion compound is taken from the group of synthetic oligomers and / or polymers. 9. Organic electronic device according to claim 8, characterized in that the host molecule of the inclusion compound is taken from the group of polyphenylenes, poly-para-phenylenevinylenes, polyethers, polyesters, polyamides, polyketones, polycarbazoles, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl ethers or polyurethanes. 10. Organic electronic device according to claim 7, characterized in that the host molecule of the inclusion compound is taken from the group of natural oligomers and / or polymers, which can also be synthetically modified. 1 1. Organic electronic device according to claim 10, characterized in that the host molecule of the inclusion compound is removed from the group of oligo- and / or polysaccharides, the oligo- and / or polypeptides, RNA or DNA. 12. Organic electronic device according to claim 11, characterized in that glycogens, cellulose, modified cellulose, hydrate cellulose, starch, modified starch, amylose, modified amylose, amylopectin and / or modified amylopectin is used as the host molecule of the inclusion compound. 13. Organic electronic device according to one of several of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the host molecule of the inclusion compound is soluble or swells in organic solvents and / or water. 14. Organic electronic device according to one of the several of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the guest of the inclusion compound is an inorganic compound. 15. Organic electronic device according to one or more of claims 1 and 14, characterized in that the guest of the inclusion compound is a polyanion. 16. Organic electronic device according to one or more of claims 14 and 15, characterized in that the guest of the inclusion compound is a polyhalide anions. 17. Organic electronic device according to claims 16, characterized in that the guest of the inclusion compound is a polyiodide anion. 18. Organic electronic device according to one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the inclusion compound consists of polyhalide ions, embedded in a natural, nature-identical or natural oligomer or polymer, selected from the group of oligo- and / or polysaccharides, oligo - Or polypeptides, RNA or DNA, which can also be modified synthetically. 19. Organic electronic device according to claim 18, characterized in that the inclusion compound consists of polyiodide ions embedded in the helical structure of amylose and a counter ion. 20. Organic electronic device according to claim 19 as a hole injection and / or hole transport layer. 21. Organic electronic device according to one or more of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that one or more layers are coated with a sublimation process. 22. Organic electronic device according to one or more of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that one or more layers are coated with the OVPD (Organic Vapor Phase Deposition) process or with the aid of a carrier gas sublimation. 23. Organic electronic device according to one or more of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that one or more layers are produced from solution or by any printing method. 24. Organic electronic device according to one or more of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the layer containing the intercalation compounds additionally serves as a polarizer. 25. Organic electronic device according to one or more of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that it is organic light-emitting diodes, organic solar cells, organic transistors, organic integrated circuits, organic laser diodes or organic photoreceptors.