EP1738537A1 - Systeme de gestion de sessions de communication et concentrateur de flux comportant un tel systeme - Google Patents
Systeme de gestion de sessions de communication et concentrateur de flux comportant un tel systemeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1738537A1 EP1738537A1 EP04742547A EP04742547A EP1738537A1 EP 1738537 A1 EP1738537 A1 EP 1738537A1 EP 04742547 A EP04742547 A EP 04742547A EP 04742547 A EP04742547 A EP 04742547A EP 1738537 A1 EP1738537 A1 EP 1738537A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- terminals
- session
- management system
- hierarchical
- network
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005111 flow chemistry technique Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 101150012579 ADSL gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102100020775 Adenylosuccinate lyase Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108700040193 Adenylosuccinate lyases Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001755 vocal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0014—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the source coding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0078—Avoidance of errors by organising the transmitted data in a format specifically designed to deal with errors, e.g. location
- H04L1/0083—Formatting with frames or packets; Protocol or part of protocol for error control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L2001/0092—Error control systems characterised by the topology of the transmission link
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a communication session management system and a flow concentrator comprising such a system. More specifically, the invention relates to a system for managing a plurality of communication sessions between first terminals, adapted to transmit audio and / or video and / or data streams during these sessions, and accessible second terminals via an external data transmission network, the first terminals being connected to a flow concentrator itself connected to the external network.
- a flow concentrator is an element of a transmission chain through which several flows pass, on which it can act.
- Such a concentrator can be, for example, a home gateway, an enterprise branch exchange, etc. It can also be a local or wide area network to which a plurality of terminals is connected.
- One of the problems with these communication session management systems is their inability to optimize the transmission of data flows, as soon as the first terminals are of a different nature and of different capacity. In addition, they do not generally make it possible to take into account the heterogeneity of communication sessions, this heterogeneity of sessions being due to the nature of the information exchanged, but also to the transmission and reception capacities of the terminals.
- Another problem is that of adapting the flow rate of the flows transmitted to the dynamic variations in the transmission capacities of the different terminals engaged in the different sessions. Such variations occur, for example, when one of the first terminals initiates a new session with one of the second terminals, or conversely when it ends a session in progress.
- a first solution would be to limit the flow rate of the flows emitted by the first terminals.
- the transmission of data from the first terminals would be homogenized and, at any time, any first terminal could initiate a communication session with a second terminal without interfering with the progress of the other communication sessions.
- Such a solution is not satisfactory since it does not make it possible to optimize the data transmission capacities of the system, in particular when all the first terminals are not engaged in communication sessions.
- the quality of the exchanges is therefore limited by the number of communication sessions that the management system is capable of managing as much as possible.
- Another solution is to allocate the speed requested by any new session until the available speed is used up. This leads to a potential limitation of the number of sessions started simultaneously.
- the invention aims to solve these problems by providing a communication session management system capable of adapting to the state of communication sessions or other sessions such as television over ADSL, Internet browsing, transmission on the fly. (from English "streaming"), etc.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a system for managing a plurality of communication sessions between first terminals, suitable for transmitting audio and / or video and / or data streams during these sessions, and second accessible terminals via an external data transmission network, the first terminals being connected to a flow concentrator itself connected to the external network, characterized in that the flows transmitted by at least part of the first terminals being coded or intended to be coded by means of hierarchical coders, the system comprises means for processing these flows, so that they are transmitted to the external network by the flux concentrator each at a given hierarchical level, and means for determining this level hierarchical according to parameters relating to the number and the nature of the sessions established between the first terminals and the second terminals.
- the use of a hierarchical coding system makes it possible to size each of the streams transmitted by the first terminals, so as never to clog up the stream concentrator, while optimizing its resources at all times. This is made possible by the extraction of parameters relating to the number and the nature of the sessions established between the first terminals and the second terminals to determine the hierarchical level of each transmitted stream.
- the session management system comprises at least one module for truncating the flows emitted by said at least part of the first terminals, and the means for processing the flows include means for controlling the truncation module so that that each of these flows is truncated to the corresponding given hierarchical level.
- This solution overcomes the possible absence of means for adjusting the hierarchical level of the coded streams in certain hierarchical coders. This also makes it possible to deal with the cases where, for a flow emitted by the first terminal, the hierarchical coder is not implemented in the flux concentrator, but in the first terminal, and that the flow management system does not have no way to directly control the flow at the first terminal.
- the means for determining a given hierarchical level for an emitted flow define this hierarchical level on the basis of at least one of the parameters of the set consisting of: - the emitting capacity of the concentrator of flows to the external network, - the number of sessions and for each session: o the speed used and the speeds that can be used for transmission, o constraints relating to the reception capacity of remote terminals, and o instantaneous speed information one of the first terminals capable of transmitting data at a variable speed during the session.
- the input parameters of the determination means are collected at the initialization of a communication session or dynamically during the session.
- the session management system further comprises means for determining the bit rates that the flux concentrator wishes to receive from the second terminals, as a function of parameters relating to the number and the nature of the sessions established between the first terminals. and the second terminals.
- the invention also relates to a flow concentrator characterized in that it includes a communication session management system as described above.
- this flux concentrator forms a gateway between a local home network and the external network, the local home network comprising the first terminals.
- this flow concentrator forms a gateway between a connection server of a local broadband network and the external network, the local broadband network comprising the first terminals.
- the flow concentrator as described above may include at least one hierarchical encoder of the flows transmitted by said at least part of the first terminals.
- the stream processing means may include means for controlling the hierarchical coder so that each of the transmitted streams is coded at the corresponding given hierarchical level.
- certain hierarchical coders are adapted to adjust the level themselves. hierarchical flow they code, when the hierarchical coder is implemented in the flow concentrator, it can directly control this setting.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the composition of the binary train of a hierarchically coded message
- - Figure 2 shows schematically a system for managing communication sessions according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 schematically represents a system for managing communication sessions according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- hierarchical also called “scalables”
- a base layer also called “core”
- core is formed of the binary elements absolutely necessary for the decoding of the binary train, determining a minimum quality of decoding.
- the following layers make it possible to progressively improve the quality of the signal resulting from the decoding operation, each new layer bringing new information, which, exploited by the decoder, provide a signal of increasing quality as output.
- One of the advantageous features of hierarchical codecs is to allow intervention at any level of the transmission or storage chain to delete part of the bit stream without having to provide any particular indication to the coder or the decoder.
- the decoder uses the binary information it receives and produces a signal of corresponding quality.
- Information on the bit rate supplied to the decoder for a given frame or packet can be conveyed by external signaling or in the data transmitted.
- the communication terminal which receives hierarchical flows can also deduct the instantaneous speed directly from the size of the packets received.
- Hierarchical coding whether it acts on audio, video or data signals, generates from a part of the original signal (for example a 20 ms frame of the speech signal in the case of certain audio coders), a bit stream represented by N bits separated into P groups of bits (corresponding to the P layers) G1 to
- the first of these G1 groups constitutes the nucleus.
- the following groups G2 to GP are the layers which allow consecutive quality improvements.
- the bit stream of this kind of coder can thus be easily cut by truncation and therefore makes it possible to change the bit rate generated by the same coder while guaranteeing low processing complexity.
- the group G1 can be transmitted alone, or else the groups G1 and G2, or even all the groups G1, G2 and G3. We will speak, respectively in each of these cases of hierarchy of level 1, of level 2, or of level 3.
- the flow DH1 offered by the hierarchical level 1 is noted D1
- the flow DH2 offered by the groups G1 and G2 together is noted D1 + D2
- the DH3 flow offered by all groups G1 to G3 is denoted D1 + D2 + D3.
- FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of the invention.
- First multimedia terminals 10A, 10B and 10C, of a home network 12 are connected to a flow concentrator 14 forming a gateway to an external data transmission network 16, for example the Internet network.
- a system 18 for managing a plurality of sessions between the first terminals 10A, 10B, 10C and second terminals 20A, 20B, 20C, accessible via the external network 16, is implemented in this example in the gateway 14.
- the first terminals 10A, 10B, 10C are suitable for transmitting audio and / or video and / or data streams during these sessions. More specifically, the communication sessions are as follows: - an analog fax 10A can establish a session with an analog fax 20A, - a personal computer 10B can establish a session with a personal computer 20B, - an analog telephone 10C can establish a session with a 20C analog telephone. Alternatively, the personal computer can be replaced by an "IP" type telephone
- Phone also comprising a hierarchical coder having the particularity of supporting discontinuous transmission with voice activity detection making it possible to reduce the bit rate during periods of vocal inactivity (silence, background noise).
- a terminal can thus support an encoder having the property of transmitting streams whose bit rate varies locally over time (variable bit rate encoder).
- the streams transmitted by the personal computer 10B and the analog telephone 10C are intended to be coded by means of hierarchical coders 22B and 22C.
- the stream received by the gateway is hierarchically coded by the coder 22B arranged in the personal computer 10B.
- the stream received by the gateway is not coded.
- the hierarchical coder 22C of this stream is then placed in the gateway 14. More precisely, the coder 22C comprises coding means 32 coding at the highest hierarchical level possible (maximum bit rate), in series with a truncation module 34.
- the management system 18 comprises means 24 for processing the flows transmitted from the first terminals, so that they are transmitted to the external network 16 by the gateway 14 each at a given hierarchical level.
- the management system 18 further comprises means 26 for determining this hierarchical level as a function of parameters relating to the number and the nature of the sessions established between the first terminals 10A, 10B, 10C and the second terminals 20A, 20B, 20C, as a function of the transmission capacity of the gateway to the external network 16, and in particular as a function of the nature of the hierarchical coders 22C and 22B, as a function of constraints relating to the reception capacity of the second terminals 20B and 20C, and / or as a function of the instantaneous speed of the terminal 10B capable of transmitting data according to a variable speed during the session.
- the management system 18 comprises a truncation module 30, and the stream processing means 24 comprise control means 28 of the truncation module 30.
- the control means 28 also act on the hierarchical coder 22C. According to a first variant, the control means 28 act more precisely on the truncation module 34 of the hierarchical encoder 22C.
- the coder 22C may not include a truncation module 34, the control means 28 then acting directly on the coding means 32.
- the gateway 14 furthermore comprises means 36A, 36B and 36C for transmitting data adapted to the nature of the external network 16, associated with each of the flows transmitted by the first terminals, allowing the transmission of these flows to the external network.
- these means will integrate means for forming IP packets.
- Figure 3 a second embodiment of the invention.
- First multimedia terminals 40A, 40B and 40C a local broadband network
- the flow concentrator 42 (for example a local fiber optic network), are connected to a flow concentrator 44 via a connection server 46.
- the flow concentrator forms a gateway to an external data transmission network 48, for example the network
- a system 50 for managing a plurality of sessions between the first terminals 40A, 40B, 40C and second terminals 52A, 52B, 52C, accessible via the external network 48, is implemented in this example in the gateway 44.
- the three multimedia terminals 40A, 40B, 40C, 40A, 52B, 52C, accessible via the external network 48 is implemented in this example in the gateway 44.
- the three multimedia terminals 40A, 40B, 40C, 40A, 40B, 40C, accessible via the external network 48 is implemented in this example in the gateway 44.
- the terminal 40A is, for example, a personal computer suitable for transmitting audio, video and / or data streams, during a session with a remote terminal 52A accessible via the external network 48.
- the terminal 40A is usually efficient and generates itself a hierarchically coded data stream by means of a hierarchical coder 54A (similarly the terminals 40B and 40C are provided with hierarchical coders 54B and 54C).
- the gateway 44 comprises a truncation module 56 and means for forming packets 58 from the truncated data so that they can transit with a suitable speed on the IP network 48.
- this comprises, as in the previous example, means 60 for determining this hierarchical level as a function of parameters relating to the number and the nature of the sessions established between the first terminals 40A, 40B, 40C and the second terminals 52A, 52B, 52C, according to the transmission capacity of the gateway to the external network 48, according to the type of hierarchical coders 54A, 54B and 54C and their bit rates, and / or as a function of constraints relating to the reception capacity of the second terminals 52A, 52B, and 52C.
- the gateway 44 comprises means 62 for processing the flow transmitted by the terminal 40A.
- the processing means 62 act on the stream by means of control means 64 of the truncation module 56, so that the stream transmitted and coded by the terminal 40A is truncated to be coded at the corresponding hierarchical level.
- An application of the system according to the invention for managing a plurality of sessions will now be described, referring again to FIG. 2.
- the terminal 10B establishes a session S1 with the remote terminal 20B, while the terminals 10A and 10C are inactive.
- the gateway 14 is connected to the external network 16 by means of an ADSL line.
- the determination means 26 consider the capacity of the ADSL line (32 kbit / s) and the capacity (64 kbit / s) that the remote terminal 20B indicates can receive, and transmit to the processing means 24 the hierarchical level at which the relative data in session S1 must be coded.
- the level determined is level 3, corresponding to the maximum speed (30 kbit / s) for transmitting the data transmitted by the terminal 10B.
- the terminal 10C then wishes to establish a session S2 with the remote terminal 20C, and the gateway 14 is informed.
- the determination means 26 calculate that it is not possible to insert the new session S2 without modifying the speed of the session S1 because the speed available on the ADSL line is 2 kbit / s, while the minimum speed D1 of the transmission flow of session S2, corresponding to hierarchical level 1, is 8 kbit / s.
- the management system 18 then performs the following actions: - determination by the means 26 that the data relating to the session S1 must be coded at level 2, corresponding to the bit rate D1 + D2 (14 kbit / s); - Transmission to the processing means 24 of the new hierarchical level 2, corresponding to the new bit rate D1 + D2 (14 kbits / s); - truncation at hierarchical level 2 carried out by the means 30, under control of the means 28, of the data transmitted and coded by the terminal 10B; - Determination by the means 26 that the data relating to the session S2 must be coded at level 2, corresponding to the bit rate D1 + D2 (14 kbits / s); - Transmission to the processing means 24 of this hierarchical level for the session S2; coding at hierarchical level 2 carried out by the means 22C, under control of the means 28, of the data transmitted by the terminal 10C.
- the determination means 26 When the session S1 ends, the determination means 26 consider the unused load of the line and, consequently, indicate to the processing means 24 to code the flow relating to the session S2 at level 3, corresponding to the bit rate
- the reception capacity of one of the remote terminals 20A, 20B and 20C is also likely to vary, for example if the line which connects it to the external network 16 is shared with other transmissions. This terminal then signals to the gateway 14 the changes relating to the bit rates it can receive. Note that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Thus, as a variant, the first terminals 10A, 10B, 10C of the first embodiment are remote, that is to say that they possibly belong to different local networks.
- one of the first terminals includes an encoder which is not compatible with hierarchical coding, so that it is then necessary to provide a decoder in the gateway before proceeding to hierarchical coding of a stream transmitted by this first terminal .
- the elements (24, 26, 30, 22C 62, 60, 56) of the management system (18, 50) are not necessarily located in a single processing unit but can be distributed in different places in the chain of communication.
- the communication session management system also allows the optimization of the flows entering the flow concentrator (14, 44), that is to say the rates transmitted by the remote terminals.
- This functionality is for example allowed when the second terminals (20A, 20B, 20C, or 52A, 52B, 52C) are connected to the external network (16 or 48), by means of a flux concentrator identical to the flux concentrator 14 or 44.
- the terminals can inform the other end of their reception capacity.
- These means exist conventionally in the state of the art, it can be signaling in packets or external. This is called signaling "inband” or “outband” respectively.
- the IETF defines the "CMR" field (coded mode request) in packet formats.
- the packet-forming means 36B and 36C can for example introduce into the packets information on the reception rates desired by the first terminals 10B and 10C.
- the system can then, similarly to the means 26 for determining the hierarchical level of flows emitted by the flux concentrator 14, have means for determining the flow rates it wishes to receive, as a function of parameters relating to the number and the nature sessions established between the first terminals and the second terminals.
- the system can help to size the flows emitted by the second terminals to optimize the resources at the input of the flux concentrator in order to avoid bottlenecks or waste.
- the means for determining a given bit rate for a flow define this bit rate on the basis of at least one of the parameters of the set consisting of: - the reception capacity of the flow concentrator from the network number of sessions and for each session, the bit rate used and the bit rates usable in reception. It will be understood that, depending on the case, these parameters are collected at the initialization of the session or dynamically during the session.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
- Computer And Data Communications (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2004/000969 WO2005112365A1 (fr) | 2004-04-20 | 2004-04-20 | Systeme de gestion de sessions de communication et concentrateur de flux comportant un tel systeme |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1738537A1 true EP1738537A1 (fr) | 2007-01-03 |
Family
ID=34958052
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04742547A Withdrawn EP1738537A1 (fr) | 2004-04-20 | 2004-04-20 | Systeme de gestion de sessions de communication et concentrateur de flux comportant un tel systeme |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7860003B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1738537A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4566236B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR101023775B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101036347B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2005112365A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7693184B2 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2010-04-06 | France Telecom | Method and system for data transmission between a local area network and a main network authorizing format adaptation of said data |
ES2357042T3 (es) | 2006-09-07 | 2011-04-15 | France Telecom | Método y sistema de control a distancia de equipos. |
US10958695B2 (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2021-03-23 | Google Llc | Methods, systems, and media for recommending content based on network conditions |
WO2019063537A1 (fr) * | 2017-09-28 | 2019-04-04 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Commande de communications par rapport à des réseaux locaux |
Family Cites Families (18)
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US5758194A (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 1998-05-26 | Intel Corporation | Communication apparatus for handling networks with different transmission protocols by stripping or adding data to the data stream in the application layer |
US6275988B1 (en) | 1995-06-30 | 2001-08-14 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image transmission apparatus, image transmission system, and communication apparatus |
JP3363668B2 (ja) | 1995-07-25 | 2003-01-08 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像伝送装置及び画像伝送システム |
CA2217838C (fr) | 1996-11-07 | 2003-07-29 | At&T Corp. | Passerelle telephonique pour grand reseau (wan) |
US6628677B1 (en) | 1998-02-28 | 2003-09-30 | Sony Corporation | Coding and multiplexing apparatus and method |
JPH11252555A (ja) * | 1998-02-28 | 1999-09-17 | Sony Corp | 符号化多重化装置及び符号化多重化方法 |
US7023839B1 (en) * | 1999-01-26 | 2006-04-04 | Siemens Communications, Inc. | System and method for dynamic codec alteration |
JP2002176359A (ja) | 2000-12-06 | 2002-06-21 | Canon Inc | 情報処理装置及びその制御方法、情報処理システム、コンピュータ可読メモリ |
AUPR222500A0 (en) | 2000-12-21 | 2001-01-25 | Unisearch Limited | Method for efficient scalable compression of video |
US7054335B2 (en) * | 2001-05-04 | 2006-05-30 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Method and system for midstream transcoding of secure scalable packets in response to downstream requirements |
JP3465703B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-18 | 2003-11-10 | 日本電気株式会社 | 共通チャネルフロー制御方法 |
FR2831377B1 (fr) * | 2001-10-22 | 2004-01-16 | France Telecom | Systeme de conference du type qui comprend un pont de conference audio et/ou video et/ou des donnees auquel une pluralite de terminaux peuvent se connecter pour participer a une conference |
US6789123B2 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2004-09-07 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for delivery of dynamically scalable audio/video content over a network |
JP2003308277A (ja) | 2002-04-17 | 2003-10-31 | Sony Corp | 端末装置、データ送信装置、データ送受信システム及びデータ送受信方法 |
JP4157740B2 (ja) * | 2002-08-30 | 2008-10-01 | 富士通株式会社 | 画像伝送装置、画像伝送方法及びソフトウェアプログラム |
KR20050084284A (ko) * | 2002-12-13 | 2005-08-26 | 코닌클리즈케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. | 게이트웨이를 위한 장치, 전송 장치, 네트워크, 시스템전환 방법, 인코딩된 스트림 전송 방법 및 네트워크 제공방법 |
US20040119814A1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-06-24 | Clisham Allister B. | Video conferencing system and method |
US7400588B2 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2008-07-15 | Thomson Licensing | Dynamic rate adaptation using neural networks for transmitting video data |
-
2004
- 2004-04-20 EP EP04742547A patent/EP1738537A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-04-20 JP JP2007508924A patent/JP4566236B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-20 WO PCT/FR2004/000969 patent/WO2005112365A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2004-04-20 KR KR1020067024331A patent/KR101023775B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-04-20 US US11/578,172 patent/US7860003B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-20 CN CN200480042793.8A patent/CN101036347B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2005112365A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20070280281A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
KR20070010066A (ko) | 2007-01-19 |
CN101036347A (zh) | 2007-09-12 |
JP2007534248A (ja) | 2007-11-22 |
CN101036347B (zh) | 2013-06-19 |
JP4566236B2 (ja) | 2010-10-20 |
WO2005112365A1 (fr) | 2005-11-24 |
KR101023775B1 (ko) | 2011-03-21 |
US7860003B2 (en) | 2010-12-28 |
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