EP1733197A1 - Device for detecting collision with a vehicle - Google Patents

Device for detecting collision with a vehicle

Info

Publication number
EP1733197A1
EP1733197A1 EP05737947A EP05737947A EP1733197A1 EP 1733197 A1 EP1733197 A1 EP 1733197A1 EP 05737947 A EP05737947 A EP 05737947A EP 05737947 A EP05737947 A EP 05737947A EP 1733197 A1 EP1733197 A1 EP 1733197A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
impact
measurement volume
vehicle
cross
volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05737947A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gerhard Mader
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Continental Automotive GmbH
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1733197A1 publication Critical patent/EP1733197A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
    • B60R21/0136—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to actual contact with an obstacle, e.g. to vehicle deformation, bumper displacement or bumper velocity relative to the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/48—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects combined with, or convertible into, other devices or objects, e.g. bumpers combined with road brushes, bumpers convertible into beds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for recognizing a
  • Such a device is known from the publication WO 03/82639 AI. It is known from this to arrange pressure sensors (59) in a cavity (57, 58) behind a part of the outer cladding of a vehicle which serves as a bumper (56 in FIG. 6) and which detects an impacting object, for example a pedestrian, through which Compression of the cavity (57, 58) can detect the resulting pressure rise and can report this to an evaluation unit in the form of a signal.
  • the same publication suggests the use of acceleration sensors, deformation sensors or force sensors, which are also located in the front area near the outer paneling of the vehicle (page 1, paragraph 3) and can detect the impacting object through the vehicle acceleration or deformation of the vehicle body generated in the process.
  • a pedestrian protection device should be triggered, for example.
  • the rear part of the hood of the motor vehicle can be raised, so that the distance between the hood and the engine underneath is increased and the head of the pedestrian hits the hood more gently.
  • Such a sensing device can of course also give an early indication of an impending severe impact to the evaluation unit of an occupant protection system, which then influences, for example, the triggering thresholds of an acceleration sensor that detects the vehicle impact in such a way that an occupant protection means, for example an airbag or the like, is triggered earlier.
  • stiffer parts of the vehicle body along the impact front can lead to the pressure sensors behind the bumper, for example, having different signal amplitudes depending on the location of the impact Pedestrian protection system or forward the occupant protection system.
  • Such body reinforcements can be brought about by the shape of the bumper itself, for example by strongly curved parts of the outer cladding; however, they can also exist due to other structural conditions of the vehicle front, for example due to decorative strips or by attaching a license plate, a tow hook or other accessories.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device for detecting an impact on a vehicle which, when the same object hits the same speed, regardless of the location of the impact on the vehicle body, for example the front or rear bumper, has approximately constant signal amplitudes passes on a pedestrian protection system or to an occupant restraint system.
  • the object is achieved by a device according to the invention as claimed in claim 1.
  • the device according to the invention for detecting an impact on a vehicle has a pressure sensor for detecting the compression of a largely closed measurement volume in the event of an impact, the measurement volume along a part of the vehicle body hit by the impact, for example in the part serving as a front or rear bumper
  • the measurement volume has a cross-sectional area along its longitudinal direction, which has a larger area behind those points of the vehicle body where it is comparatively stiff and therefore difficult to deform in the event of an impact.
  • the associated measurement volume is also comparatively larger, the penetration of the impacting object is made more difficult by the stiffer vehicle body, but at the same time a comparatively larger part of the measurement volume is compressed.
  • the larger compressed volume related to the entire measurement volume generates an approximately proportional relative pressure increase relative to the normal pressure in the measurement volume.
  • the relative pressure increase is consequently also greater than in the case of impact areas with smaller cross-sectional areas of the measurement volume.
  • the measurement volume is usually largely complete, which means that there is usually at least a slight pressure equalization of the internal pressure of the measurement volume with the environment. exercise pressure instead.
  • the normal pressure in the measuring volume can optionally be consciously tracked to the ambient pressure even via pressure compensation openings that connect the inside of the measuring volume with the surroundings; however, this usually happens slowly compared to an increase in pressure in the event of an impact.
  • An advantageous development of the invention is characterized, for example, by the fact that the cross-sectional area of the measurement volume has different areas in the longitudinal direction in such a way that in the event of an impact on the same object, that is to say in particular on an impact of an object of the same mass and possibly also of the same shape the same impact speed on different impact locations along the part of the vehicle hit by the impact always causes an almost identical signal amplitude of the pressure sensor.
  • the vehicle body exhibits particularly great resistance to deformation due to an intruding object, there may advantageously be an increase in the cross-sectional areas of the measurement volume and thus an increase in the local measurement volume around the point of impact :
  • the bumpers on vehicles are often mechanically reinforced on both sides of the vehicle by bulges and are consequently very stiff and unyielding. It is advantageous to arrange the largest cross-sectional areas there in comparison to the remaining measurement volume. Is at the same time
  • the bumper in the middle between these two curved sides is particularly flexible, so it may also be advantageous that the measurement volume behind it has a particularly small cross-sectional area.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a motor vehicle (5) with a front bumper (6) and a device according to the invention with a pressure sensor (3) within a
  • the measurement volume (2) according to the invention drawn with a solid line and a measurement volume (2 X ) drawn according to the broken line according to the prior art
  • FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5a, 5b advantageous embodiments of the measurement volumes (2) according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of the signal curves (ps) of a pressure sensor (3) for different impact locations (a, b, c) for a measuring volume (2) of the prior art, plotted against time (t)
  • FIG. 7 Signal curves of a pressure sensor signal (ps) for the same impact locations (a, b, c) with a measurement volume (2) according to the invention according to FIG. 3 also plotted against time [t].
  • FIG. 1 shows a motor vehicle 5 with a rear section 51 of a passenger compartment 52 and a front section 53.
  • the front end area of the front section 53 facing away from the passenger compartment 52 forms a bumper 6, which in vehicles of newer types mostly consists of very easily deformable plastic parts which are elegant To complement the external appearance of the motor vehicle.
  • the bumper 6 merges from its foremost boundary surface of the motor vehicle 5 to the sides of the vehicle in a curved manner.
  • a pressure sensor 3 is arranged within two schematically represented measurement volumes 2, 2 ⁇ , the measurement volume 2 shown in broken lines being one over its entire length has a constant cross-sectional area, as is already known from the prior art, while the measurement volume 2 drawn in a solid line according to a development according to the invention has the largest cross-sectional areas at both ends and in the middle in between, at the
  • areas a and c are on the left and right, respectively
  • the pressure sensor 3 is electrically connected to an evaluation unit 4 with a central control unit 4 of an occupant protection system.
  • the pressure sensor 3 In the event of compression of one of the measurement volumes 2 or 2, caused by an object impacting one of the impact areas a, b, c, the pressure sensor 3 detects the pressure rise that arises, converts it into a signal and reports it to the operator using a suitable transmission protocol Central control unit 4. The signal received is evaluated there and the triggering of an occupant protection means is made dependent thereon.
  • the central control unit 4 can also be a control unit 4 of a pedestrian protection system and trigger a pedestrian protection device when a corresponding signal is given, as already described at the beginning.
  • Figure 2 shows the measurement volume 2 * according to the prior art, which is shown in Figure 1 with a solid line, in a schematic perspective view.
  • Associated cross-sectional areas 2A, 2B, 2C are drawn behind the impact areas a, b, c along the measurement volume 2 ⁇ , the area contents of which are ideally identical in each case.
  • the in Pressure sensor 3 mounted in the center of the longitudinal volume in the measuring volume 2 shields the pressure rise caused by volume compression caused by an object penetrating the bumper in the event of an impact.
  • the respective basic course of the signal ps of the pressure sensor 3 for impacts on the three impact areas a, b, c is plotted in FIG. 6 in arbitrary units (digits) against the time t (ms): an impact on the side impact areas a , c generates a signal ps (a, c) which, compared to the signal ps (b), increases both more slowly and has smaller amplitudes due to an impact on the central impact region b.
  • FIG. 2 An embodiment for the measurement volume 2 according to the invention, which is drawn with a solid line in FIG. 1, is shown in FIG.
  • the cross-sectional area 2B behind the impact area b is of the same size in comparison to the measurement volume 2 in FIG.
  • An object hitting here ideally causes the pressure rise to be of the same magnitude as in the case of the measurement volume 2 in FIG. 2.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the measurement volume 2 in FIG. 3 become larger towards its two lateral ends.
  • the cross-sectional areas 2A and 2C behind the impact areas a and c are larger than those in the middle intermediate cross-sectional area 2B behind the impact area b.
  • the same impacting object thus compresses in the impact areas a and c a comparatively larger portion of the total measurement volume 2 than in the case of the measurement volume 2 ⁇ of FIG. 2. This slows down the slower signal rise and the lower signal amplitudes at the pressure sensor 3, which are caused by the mechanical stiffeners in the edge areas a, c of the bumper are counteracted.
  • FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of a measurement volume 2 according to the invention, in which the cross-sectional area of the measurement volume 2 also increases in comparison to the central cross-sectional area 2B in the direction of the two ends of the measurement volume 2:
  • the curvature of the measurement volume 2 shown in FIG. 4 at both ends of the measurement volume 2 is on the one hand in the direction of the vehicle roof and on the other hand in the direction of the vehicle floor.
  • FIG. 5a shows an advantageous embodiment of the invention for an alternative embodiment of the front body part 6 of a motor vehicle 5.
  • the measurement volume 2 has its largest cross-sectional area 2B in the middle between its two ends along the bumper 6, and a continuously decreasing size towards both ends Cross-sectional area, represented schematically by the two lateral cross-sectional areas 2A and 2C.
  • an impacting object can compress a comparatively largest volume in the central impact region b and thereby cause a comparatively largest pressure increase.
  • this can be particularly advantageous if mechanical stiffening can be found in the area of the front vehicle body 6, for example by means of a suspension for a license plate, a tow hook or other design changes on the front vehicle front 6 that make it more difficult for an impacting object to penetrate.
  • FIG. 5b shows a measurement volume 2 which, compared to FIG. 5a, has the largest cross-sectional area 2B off-center between its ends.
  • This embodiment is advantageous in the above context if a reduced signal rise at the pressure sensor 3 is to be counteracted by a mechanical stiffening there, for example by a towing hook attached there, in the event of an impact there.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for detecting collision with a vehicle (5). Said device comprises a pressure sensor (3) for detecting compression of a substantially closed measuring volume (2) upon collision. Said measuring volume is arranged along a part of the vehicle body that is impacted during collision. The cross-sectional area (2A, 2B, 2C) of the measuring volume (2), along its longitudinal direction, has a comparatively larger area in the vicinity of those parts of the vehicle body that are comparatively rigid and therefore comparatively difficult to deform during collision.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Vorrichtung zum Erkennen eines Aufpralls auf ein FahrzeugDevice for detecting an impact on a vehicle
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Erkennen einesThe invention relates to a device for recognizing a
Aufpralls auf ein Fahrzeug mit einem Drucksensor zum Erfassen der Kompression eines weitgehend abgeschlossenen Messvolumens beim Aufprall, wobei das Messvolumen längs eines vom Aufprall getroffenen Teils der Fahrzeugkarosserie, beispielsweise im Stoßfänger integriert oder hinter dem Stoßfänger, angeordnet ist.Impact on a vehicle with a pressure sensor for detecting the compression of a largely closed measurement volume in the event of an impact, the measurement volume being arranged along a part of the vehicle body hit by the impact, for example integrated in the bumper or behind the bumper.
Eine solche Vorrichtung ist bekannt aus der Druckschrift WO 03/82639 AI. Daraus ist es bekannt, hinter einem als Stoßfän- ger (56 in Figur 6) dienenden Teil der Außenverkleidung eines Fahrzeugs Drucksensoren (59) in einem Hohlraum (57, 58) anzuordnen, die ein aufprallendes Objekt, beispielsweise einen Fußgänger, durch den bei der Kompression des Hohlraums (57,58) entstehenden Druckanstieg erfassen können und in Form eines Signals an eine Auswerteeinheit melden können. Alternativ schlägt dieselbe Druckschrift die Verwendung von Beschleunigungssensoren, Verformungssensoren oder Kraftsensoren vor, die ebenfalls im vorderen Bereich nahe der Außenverkleidung des Fahrzeugs angebracht sind (Seite 1, Absatz 3) und das aufprallende Objekt durch die dabei erzeugte Fahrzeugbeschleunigung bzw. Deformation der Fahrzeugkarosserie erfassen können. In Abhängigkeit von dem erfassten Signal soll beispielsweise eine Fußgängerschutzvorrichtung ausgelöst werden. Beispielsweise kann der hintere Teil der Motorhaube des Kraftfahrzeugs angehoben werden, so dass der Abstand zwischen der Motorhaube und dem darunter liegenden Motor vergrößert wird und so der Aufprall des Kopfes des Fußgängers auf die Motorhaube sanfter erfolgt. Eine solche Sensierungsvorrichtung kann selbstverständlich auch einen frühen Hinweis auf einen bevorstehenden schweren Aufprall an die Auswerteeinheit eines Insassenschutzsystems geben, welches dann beispielsweise die Auslöseschwellen eines den Fahrzeugaufprall erfassenden Beschleunigungssensors so beeinflusst, dass ein Insassenschutzmittel, beispielsweise ein Airbag oder ähnliches, früher ausgelöst wird.Such a device is known from the publication WO 03/82639 AI. It is known from this to arrange pressure sensors (59) in a cavity (57, 58) behind a part of the outer cladding of a vehicle which serves as a bumper (56 in FIG. 6) and which detects an impacting object, for example a pedestrian, through which Compression of the cavity (57, 58) can detect the resulting pressure rise and can report this to an evaluation unit in the form of a signal. Alternatively, the same publication suggests the use of acceleration sensors, deformation sensors or force sensors, which are also located in the front area near the outer paneling of the vehicle (page 1, paragraph 3) and can detect the impacting object through the vehicle acceleration or deformation of the vehicle body generated in the process. Depending on the detected signal, a pedestrian protection device should be triggered, for example. For example, the rear part of the hood of the motor vehicle can be raised, so that the distance between the hood and the engine underneath is increased and the head of the pedestrian hits the hood more gently. Such a sensing device can of course also give an early indication of an impending severe impact to the evaluation unit of an occupant protection system, which then influences, for example, the triggering thresholds of an acceleration sensor that detects the vehicle impact in such a way that an occupant protection means, for example an airbag or the like, is triggered earlier.
Sowohl bei der Verwendung einer solchen Sensierungsvorrichtung innerhalb eines Fußgängerschutzsystems als auch als Früherkennungssystem für einen schweren Aufprallunf ll innerhalb eines Insassenschutzsystems können jedoch steifere Partien der Fahrzeugkarosserie entlang der Aufprallfront dazu führen, dass beispielsweise die verwendeten Drucksensoren hinter dem Stoßfänger abhängig von dem Aufprallort unterschiedliche Signalamplituden an das Fußgängerschutzsystem o- der das Insassenschutzsystem weiterleiten. Solche Karoserieversteifungen können durch die Form des Stoßfängers selbst bewirkt werden, beispielsweise durch stark gekrümmte Teile der Außenverkleidung; sie können aber auch aufgrund anderer konstruktiver Gegebenheiten der Fahrzeugfront bestehen, beispielsweise aufgrund von Zierleisten oder durch die Anbringung eines Nummernschildes, eines Abschlepphakens oder von sonstigem Zubehör.Both when using such a sensing device within a pedestrian protection system and as an early detection system for a severe impact accident within an occupant protection system, however, stiffer parts of the vehicle body along the impact front can lead to the pressure sensors behind the bumper, for example, having different signal amplitudes depending on the location of the impact Pedestrian protection system or forward the occupant protection system. Such body reinforcements can be brought about by the shape of the bumper itself, for example by strongly curved parts of the outer cladding; however, they can also exist due to other structural conditions of the vehicle front, for example due to decorative strips or by attaching a license plate, a tow hook or other accessories.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung zum Erkennen eines Aufpralls auf ein Fahrzeug zu schaffen, die bei Aufprall desselben Objekts mit derselben Geschwindig- keit unabhängig vom Aufprallort auf der Fahrzeugkarosserie, beispielsweise den vorderen oder den hinteren Stoßfänger, in etwa gleichbleibend hohe Signalamplituden an ein Fußgängerschutzsystem oder an ein Insassenrückhaltesystem weitergibt. Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1.The object of the present invention is to provide a device for detecting an impact on a vehicle which, when the same object hits the same speed, regardless of the location of the impact on the vehicle body, for example the front or rear bumper, has approximately constant signal amplitudes passes on a pedestrian protection system or to an occupant restraint system. The object is achieved by a device according to the invention as claimed in claim 1.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Erkennen eines Aufpralls auf ein Fahrzeug weist einen Drucksensor zum Erfassen der Kompression eines weitgehend abgeschlossenen Messvolumens beim Aufprall auf, wobei das Messvolumen längs eines vom Aufprall getroffenen Teils der Fahrzeugkarosserie, beispielswei- se in dem als vorderer oder hinterer Stoßfänger dienendenThe device according to the invention for detecting an impact on a vehicle has a pressure sensor for detecting the compression of a largely closed measurement volume in the event of an impact, the measurement volume along a part of the vehicle body hit by the impact, for example in the part serving as a front or rear bumper
Teil der Außenverkleidung, in Richtung des Fahrzeuginnenraums hinter dem Stoßfänger, angeordnet ist. Erfindungsgemäß weist das Messvolumen eine Querschnittsfläche entlang dessen Längsrichtung auf, die hinter solchen Stellen der Fahrzeugkarosse- rie, an denen diese vergleichsweise steif und dadurch schwer bei einem Aufprall verformbar ist, einen größeren Flächeninhalte aufweist.Part of the outer lining, is arranged in the direction of the vehicle interior behind the bumper. According to the invention, the measurement volume has a cross-sectional area along its longitudinal direction, which has a larger area behind those points of the vehicle body where it is comparatively stiff and therefore difficult to deform in the event of an impact.
Da an solchen. Bereichen größerer Querschnittsflächen auch das zugehörige Messvolumen vergleichsweise größer ist, wird dort zwar das Eindringen des aufprallenden Objekts durch die steifere Fahrzeugkarosserie erschwert, gleichzeitig wird jedoch ein vergleichsweise größerer Teil des Messvolumens komprimiert. Das auf das gesamte Messvolumen bezogene größere komp- rimierte Volumen erzeugt einen dazu etwa proportionalen relativen Druckanstieg bezogen auf den Normaldruck im Messvolumen. Dadurch ist der relative Druckanstieg folglich ebenfalls größer als bei Aufprallbereichen mit kleineren Querschnittsflächen des Messvolumens.Because of such. In areas of larger cross-sectional areas, the associated measurement volume is also comparatively larger, the penetration of the impacting object is made more difficult by the stiffer vehicle body, but at the same time a comparatively larger part of the measurement volume is compressed. The larger compressed volume related to the entire measurement volume generates an approximately proportional relative pressure increase relative to the normal pressure in the measurement volume. As a result, the relative pressure increase is consequently also greater than in the case of impact areas with smaller cross-sectional areas of the measurement volume.
Das Messvolumen ist üblicherweise weitgehend abgeschlossen, das heißt es findet üblicherweise zumindest ein geringer Druckausgleich des Innendrucks des Messvolumens mit dem Umge- bungsdruck statt. Optional kann zu diesem Zweck der Normaldruck im Messvolumen sogar über Druckausgleichsöffnungen, die das Innere des Messvolumens mit der Umgebung verbinden, be- wusst dem Umgebungsdruck nachgeführt werden; zumeist geschieht dies jedoch langsam im Vergleich zu einem Druckanstieg bei Aufprallereignissen.The measurement volume is usually largely complete, which means that there is usually at least a slight pressure equalization of the internal pressure of the measurement volume with the environment. exercise pressure instead. For this purpose, the normal pressure in the measuring volume can optionally be consciously tracked to the ambient pressure even via pressure compensation openings that connect the inside of the measuring volume with the surroundings; however, this usually happens slowly compared to an increase in pressure in the event of an impact.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Advantageous developments of the device according to the invention are specified in the subclaims.
Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung zeichnet sich beispielsweise dadurch aus, dass die Querschnittsfläche des Messvolumens in Längsrichtung solcherart verschiedene Flächeninhalte aufweist, dass bei einem Aufprall desselben Ob- jekts, das heißt insbesondere bei einem Aufprall eines Objekts gleicher Masse und ggf. auch gleicher Form, bei derselben Aufprallgeschwindigkeit auf verschiedene Aufprallorte entlang des vom Aufprall getroffenen Fahrzeugteils immer eine jeweils nahezu gleiche Signalamplitude des Drucksensors her- vorgerufen wird.An advantageous development of the invention is characterized, for example, by the fact that the cross-sectional area of the measurement volume has different areas in the longitudinal direction in such a way that in the event of an impact on the same object, that is to say in particular on an impact of an object of the same mass and possibly also of the same shape the same impact speed on different impact locations along the part of the vehicle hit by the impact always causes an almost identical signal amplitude of the pressure sensor.
Je nachdem, an welchen Stellen der Fahrzeugkarosserie, hinter welchen das Messvolumen eines Drucksensors angeordnet ist, die Fahrzeugkarosserie besonders großen Widerstand gegenüber Deformationen durch ein eindringendes Objekt entgegenbringt, kann vorteilhafterweise eine Vergrößerung der Querschnittsflächen des Messvolumens und damit eine Vergrößerung des lokalen Messvolumens um die Aufprallstelle liegen: Beispielsweise sind bei Fahrzeugen die Stoßfänger oftmals zu beiden Fahrzeugseiten hin durch Wölbungen mechanisch besonders verstärkt und folglich sehr steif und unnachgiebig. Es ist von Vorteil, gerade dort die im Vergleich zum übrigen Messvolumen größten Querschnittsflächen anzuordnen. Ist gleichzeitig der Stoßfänger mittig zwischen diesen beiden gewölbten Seiten besonders nachgiebig, so ist es gegebenenfalls außerdem von Vorteil, dass das dahinter liegende Messvolumen eine besonders kleine Querschnittsfläche aufweist.Depending on the locations of the vehicle body, behind which the measurement volume of a pressure sensor is arranged, the vehicle body exhibits particularly great resistance to deformation due to an intruding object, there may advantageously be an increase in the cross-sectional areas of the measurement volume and thus an increase in the local measurement volume around the point of impact : For example, the bumpers on vehicles are often mechanically reinforced on both sides of the vehicle by bulges and are consequently very stiff and unyielding. It is advantageous to arrange the largest cross-sectional areas there in comparison to the remaining measurement volume. Is at the same time The bumper in the middle between these two curved sides is particularly flexible, so it may also be advantageous that the measurement volume behind it has a particularly small cross-sectional area.
Bei einer besonders steifen Mittenpartie des Stoßfängers ist es hingegen von Vorteil, wenn dahinter die größte Querschnittsfläche des Messvolumens angeordnet ist. Eine solch mittige Versteifung muss nicht durch den Stoßfänger selbst hervorgerufen werden: Beispielsweise kann, wie eingangs erwähnt, das Fahrzeugnummernschild, ein Aufnahmeträger dafür, formschöne Ergänzungen des äußeren Erscheinungsbilds des Kraftfahrzeugs, beispielsweise Zierleisten, ein Abschlepphaken oder sonstiges zu einer Versteifung der dortigen Fahr- zeugkarosserie beitragen.In the case of a particularly rigid center part of the bumper, on the other hand, it is advantageous if the largest cross-sectional area of the measurement volume is arranged behind it. Such a central stiffening does not have to be caused by the bumper itself: for example, as mentioned at the beginning, the vehicle number plate, a mounting bracket for it, elegant additions to the external appearance of the motor vehicle, for example trim strips, a tow hook or other things to stiffen the vehicle body there contribute.
In diesem Sinne sollen alle Veränderungen der Querschnittsflächen des Messvolumens hinter einer messtechnisch zu erfassenden Aufprallfläche an einem Kraftfahrzeug unter Schutz ge- stellt werden, die dazu geeignet sind, möglichst gleiche Signale des Drucksensors hervorzurufen, gleichwohl welche Aufprallpartie in der Nähe des Messvolumens durch einen Fahrzeugaufprall getroffen wird. In diesem Sinne sollen insbesondere alle sinnvollen Kombinationen der Unteransprüche unter Schutz gestellt werden.In this sense, all changes in the cross-sectional areas of the measurement volume behind a crash surface to be measured on a motor vehicle are to be protected, which are suitable for producing signals of the pressure sensor that are as identical as possible, regardless of which impact area in the vicinity of the measurement volume is hit by a vehicle crash becomes. In this sense, all reasonable combinations of the subclaims should in particular be protected.
Nachfolgend sind vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen und Weiterbildungen einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung anhand von schematischen Darstellungen beschrieben. Es zeigen:Advantageous embodiments and developments of a device according to the invention are described below with the aid of schematic representations. Show it:
Figur 1 eine Draufsicht auf ein Kraftfahrzeug (5) mit einem vorderen Stoßfänger (6) und einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einem Drucksensor (3) innerhalb ei- nes mit durchgezogener Linie gezeichneten erfindungsgemäßen Messvolumens (2) und eines strichliert eingezeichneten Messvolumens (2X) gemäß dem Stand der Technik, Figuren 2, 3, 4, 5a, 5b vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen erfindungsgemäßer Messvolumina (2), Figur 6 eine schematische Darstellung der Signalverläufe (ps) eines Drucksensors (3) für verschiedene Auf- prallorte (a, b, c) bei einem Messvolumen (2 ) des Standes der Technik, aufgetragen gegen die Zeit (t), Figur 7 Signalverlaufe eines Drucksensorsignals (ps) für dieselben Aufprallorte (a, b, c) bei einem erfin- dungsgemäßen Messvolumen (2) gemäß Figur 3 ebenfalls aufgetragen gegen die Zeit [t] .1 shows a plan view of a motor vehicle (5) with a front bumper (6) and a device according to the invention with a pressure sensor (3) within a The measurement volume (2) according to the invention drawn with a solid line and a measurement volume (2 X ) drawn according to the broken line according to the prior art, FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5a, 5b, advantageous embodiments of the measurement volumes (2) according to the invention, FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of the signal curves (ps) of a pressure sensor (3) for different impact locations (a, b, c) for a measuring volume (2) of the prior art, plotted against time (t), FIG. 7 Signal curves of a pressure sensor signal (ps) for the same impact locations (a, b, c) with a measurement volume (2) according to the invention according to FIG. 3 also plotted against time [t].
Elemente gleicher Funktion oder Konstruktion sind Figurenübergreifend mit den selben Bezugszeichen gekennzeichnet.Elements with the same function or construction are identified with the same reference symbols in all figures.
Figur 1 zeigt ein Kraftfahrzeug 5 mit einer Heckpartie 51 einer Fahrgastzelle 52 und einer Frontpartie 53. Der von der Fahrgastzelle 52 abgewandte vordere Abschlussbereich der Frontpartie 53 bildet einen Stoßfänger 6, der bei Fahrzeugen neueren Bautyps zumeist aus sehr leicht deformierbaren Plastikteilen besteht, die als formschöne Ergänzung zum äußeren Erscheinungsbild des Kraftfahrzeugs beitragen. Der Stoßfänger 6 geht von seiner vordersten Begrenzungsfläche des Kraftfahrzeugs 5 zu seinen Seiten hin gekrümmt in die Fahrzeugseiten über. Hinter dem Stoßfänger 6 oder als Teil des Stoßfängers 6 ist ein Drucksensor 3 innerhalb zweier schematisch dargestellter Messvolumina 2, 2λ angeordnet, wobei das strichliert gezeichnete Messvolumen 2 eine über seine gesamte Länge gleichbleibende Querschnittsfläche aufweist, wie aus dem Stand der Technik bereits bekannt, während das in durchgezogener Linie gezeichnete Messvolumen 2 gemäß einer erfindungsgemäßen Weiterbildung an seinen beiden Enden jeweils größte Querschnittsflächen aufweist und mittig dazwischen, an derFIG. 1 shows a motor vehicle 5 with a rear section 51 of a passenger compartment 52 and a front section 53. The front end area of the front section 53 facing away from the passenger compartment 52 forms a bumper 6, which in vehicles of newer types mostly consists of very easily deformable plastic parts which are elegant To complement the external appearance of the motor vehicle. The bumper 6 merges from its foremost boundary surface of the motor vehicle 5 to the sides of the vehicle in a curved manner. Behind the bumper 6 or as part of the bumper 6, a pressure sensor 3 is arranged within two schematically represented measurement volumes 2, 2 λ , the measurement volume 2 shown in broken lines being one over its entire length has a constant cross-sectional area, as is already known from the prior art, while the measurement volume 2 drawn in a solid line according to a development according to the invention has the largest cross-sectional areas at both ends and in the middle in between, at the
Stelle des Anbringungsortes des Drucksensors 3, eine kleinste Querschnittsfläche .Place of attachment of the pressure sensor 3, a smallest cross-sectional area.
Um drei verschiedene Aufprallorte auf den Stoßfänger 6 zu de- finieren, sind Bereiche a und c an der linken bzw. rechtenIn order to define three different impact locations on the bumper 6, areas a and c are on the left and right, respectively
Seite des Stoßfängers 6 dargestellt und mittig dazwischen ein Aufprallbereich b. Der Drucksensor 3 ist mit einer Auswerteeinheit 4 elektrisch mit einer zentralen Steuereinheit 4 eines Insassenschutzsystems verbunden.Shown side of the bumper 6 and in the middle in between an impact area b. The pressure sensor 3 is electrically connected to an evaluation unit 4 with a central control unit 4 of an occupant protection system.
Bei einer Kompression eines der Messvolumina 2 oder 2 hervorgerufen durch einen Aufprall eines Objekts auf einen der Aufprallbereiche a, b, c, erfasst der Drucksensor 3 den dabei entstehenden Druckanstieg, wandelt ihn in ein Signal und ver- meldet ihn mittels eines geeigneten Übertragungsprotokolls an die zentrale Steuereinheit 4. Dort wird das erhaltene Signal bewertet und die Auslösung eines Insassenschutzmittels davon abhängig gemacht. Die zentrale Steuereinheit 4 kann aber auch eine Steuereinheit 4 eines Fußgängerschutzsystems sein und bei einem entsprechenden Signal die Auslösung eines Fußgängerschutzmittels bewirken, wie bereits eingangs beschrieben.In the event of compression of one of the measurement volumes 2 or 2, caused by an object impacting one of the impact areas a, b, c, the pressure sensor 3 detects the pressure rise that arises, converts it into a signal and reports it to the operator using a suitable transmission protocol Central control unit 4. The signal received is evaluated there and the triggering of an occupant protection means is made dependent thereon. The central control unit 4 can also be a control unit 4 of a pedestrian protection system and trigger a pedestrian protection device when a corresponding signal is given, as already described at the beginning.
Figur 2 zeigt das Messvolumen 2 * gemäß dem Stand der Technik, das in Figur 1 mit durchgezogener Linie dargestellt ist, in schematischer Perspektivdarstellung. Hinter den Aufprallbe- reichen a, b, c längs des Messvolumens 2Λ sind jeweils zugehörige Querschnittsflächen 2A, 2B, 2C eingezeichnet, deren Flächeninhalte im Idealfall jeweils identisch sind. Der in Längsrichtung mittig im Messvolumen 2Λ angebrachte Drucksensor 3 erfasst den Druckanstieg, der durch eine Volumenkompression durch ein bei einem Aufprall in den Stoßfänger eindringendes Objekt hervorgerufen wird. Da dem Eindringen des aufprallenden Objekts, beispielsweise eines anderen Fährzeugs, in den Aufprallbereichen a und c beispielsweise infolge der dortigen Krümmung und der dadurch bewirkten erhöhten Steifigkeit des Stoßfängers 6 mehr mechanischer Widerstand entgegengebracht wird, ist der durch das auf die Aufprallbe- reiche a, c aufprallende Objekt bewirkte Druckanstieg imFigure 2 shows the measurement volume 2 * according to the prior art, which is shown in Figure 1 with a solid line, in a schematic perspective view. Associated cross-sectional areas 2A, 2B, 2C are drawn behind the impact areas a, b, c along the measurement volume 2 Λ , the area contents of which are ideally identical in each case. The in Pressure sensor 3 mounted in the center of the longitudinal volume in the measuring volume 2 erfasst detects the pressure rise caused by volume compression caused by an object penetrating the bumper in the event of an impact. Since the penetration of the impacting object, for example another vehicle, in the impact areas a and c, for example as a result of the curvature there and the resulting increased stiffness of the bumper 6, there is more mechanical resistance, which is due to the impact areas a, c impacting object caused an increase in pressure in the
Messvolumen 2 Λ geringer als bei einem Aufprall auf den leichter verformbaren mittigen Aufprallbereich b.Measuring volume 2 Λ less than in the case of an impact on the more easily deformable central impact area b.
Der jeweilige prinzipielle Verlauf des Signals ps des Druck- sensors 3 für Aufpralle auf die drei Aufprallbereiche a, b, c ist in der Figur 6 in willkürlichen Einheiten (digits) gegen die Zeit t (ms) aufgetragen: ein Aufprall auf die seitlichen Aufprallbereiche a, c erzeugt ein Signal ps (a, c) , das im Vergleich zu dem Signal ps (b) aufgrund eines Aufpralls auf den mittleren Aufprallbereich b sowohl langsamer zunimmt als auch kleinere Amplituden aufweist.The respective basic course of the signal ps of the pressure sensor 3 for impacts on the three impact areas a, b, c is plotted in FIG. 6 in arbitrary units (digits) against the time t (ms): an impact on the side impact areas a , c generates a signal ps (a, c) which, compared to the signal ps (b), increases both more slowly and has smaller amplitudes due to an impact on the central impact region b.
Eine Ausführungsform für das erfindungsgemäße Messvolumen 2, das in Figur 1 mit durchgezogener Linie eingezeichnet ist, wird in Figur 3 dargestellt. Die Querschnittsfläche 2B hinter dem Aufprallbereich b ist im Vergleich zum Messvolumen 2 der Figur 2 gleich groß. Ein hier aufprallendes Objekt ruft einen idealerweise gleich großen Druckanstieg hervor wie im Falle des Messvolumens 2 der Figur 2. Im Unterschied zur Figur 2 werden die Querschnittsflächen des Messvolumens 2 der Figur 3 jedoch zu seinen beiden seitlichen Enden hin größer. So sind beispielsweise die hinter den Aufprallbereichen a und c liegenden Querschnittsflächen 2A und 2C größer als die mittig dazwischenliegende Querschnittsfläche 2B hinter dem Aufprallbereich b. Dasselbe aufprallende Objekt komprimiert in den Aufprallbereichen a und c folglich einen vergleichsweise größeren Anteil am gesamten Messvolumen 2 als im Falle des Mess- volumens 2 Λ der Figur 2. Dadurch wird dem langsameren Signalanstieg und den geringeren Signalamplituden am Drucksensor 3, die durch die mechanischen Versteifungen in den Randbereichen a, c des Stoßfängers hervorgerufen werden, entgegengewirkt.An embodiment for the measurement volume 2 according to the invention, which is drawn with a solid line in FIG. 1, is shown in FIG. The cross-sectional area 2B behind the impact area b is of the same size in comparison to the measurement volume 2 in FIG. An object hitting here ideally causes the pressure rise to be of the same magnitude as in the case of the measurement volume 2 in FIG. 2. In contrast to FIG. 2, however, the cross-sectional areas of the measurement volume 2 in FIG. 3 become larger towards its two lateral ends. For example, the cross-sectional areas 2A and 2C behind the impact areas a and c are larger than those in the middle intermediate cross-sectional area 2B behind the impact area b. The same impacting object thus compresses in the impact areas a and c a comparatively larger portion of the total measurement volume 2 than in the case of the measurement volume 2 Λ of FIG. 2. This slows down the slower signal rise and the lower signal amplitudes at the pressure sensor 3, which are caused by the mechanical stiffeners in the edge areas a, c of the bumper are counteracted.
Am Ort des Drucksensors 3 werden durch Aufpralle auf die verschiedenen Aufprallbereiche a, b, c folglich sehr ähnliche Signalverläufe ps des Drucksensors 3 gemessen. Diese sind schematisch in Figur 7 dargestellt: Ein Aufprall auf den mittigen Aufprallbereich b erzeugt denselben Signalverlauf ps (b) wie in Figur 6. Allerdings weisen die beiden Signalverläufe ps (a, c) bei Aufprallen auf die Auf rallbereiche a, c nun jeweils eine größere Steigung und eine höhere Amplitude auf und sind im hier dargestellten Idealfall identisch mit dem Signalverlauf ps (b) bei einem mittigen Aufprall...At the location of the pressure sensor 3, very similar signal profiles ps of the pressure sensor 3 are consequently measured by impacts on the different impact regions a, b, c. These are shown schematically in FIG. 7: an impact on the central impact region b produces the same signal profile ps (b) as in FIG. 6. However, the two signal profiles ps (a, c) now each have one when impacting on the impact regions a, c larger slope and a higher amplitude and in the ideal case shown here are identical to the signal curve ps (b) in the event of a central impact ...
Figur 4 zeigt eine alternative Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Messvolumens 2, bei der sich die Querschnittsfläche des Messvolumens 2 im Vergleich zur mittigen Querschnittsfläche 2B in Richtung der beiden Enden des Messvolu- mens 2 hin ebenfalls vergrößert: Im Vergleich zur Querschnittsvergrößerung des Messvolumens 2 aus Figur 3, bei der die vordere Begrenzungsfläche des Messvolumens 2 an den seitlichen Enden in Richtung der Vorderfläche des Stoßfängers 6 gewölbt ist, ist die in Figur 4 dargestellte Wölbung des Messvolumens 2 an beiden Enden des Messvolumens 2 einerseits in Richtung des Fahrzeugdaches und andererseits in Richtung des Fahrzeugbodens . Figur 5a zeigt eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung für eine alternative Ausgestaltung des vorderen Karosserieteils 6 eines Kraftfahrzeugs 5. Hier weist das Messvolumen 2 mittig zwischen seinen beiden Enden längs des Stoßfängers 6 seine größte Querschnittsfläche 2B auf und jeweils zu seinen beiden Enden hin eine kontinuierlich kleiner werdende Querschnittsfläche, schematisch dargestellt durch die beiden seitlichen Querschnittsflächen 2A und 2C. Bei einer solchen Form des Messvolumens 2 kann ein aufprallendes Objekt im mit- tigen Aufprallbereich b ein vergleichsweise größtes Volumen komprimieren und dadurch einen vergleichsweise größten Druckanstieg hervorrufen. Wie bereits weiter oben erwähnt, kann dies vor allem dann vorteilhaft sein, wenn im Bereich der vorderen Fahrzeugkarosserie 6 gerade an dieser Stelle eine mechanische Versteifung vorzufinden ist, beispielsweise durch eine Aufhängung für ein Nummernschild, einen Abschlepphaken oder andere konstruktive Veränderungen an der vorderen Fahrzeugfront 6, die das Eindringen eines aufprallenden Objekts erschweren. Eine große Querschnittsfläche einerseits und ein dort besonders steifes Fahrzeugkarosserieteil andererseits wirken bei einem Aufprall auf den mittigen Aufprallbereich b wiederum derart gegeneinander, dass sich die dadurch bewirkte Druckerhöhung einerseits und die Druckminderung andererseits idealerweise gegenseitig aufheben.FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of a measurement volume 2 according to the invention, in which the cross-sectional area of the measurement volume 2 also increases in comparison to the central cross-sectional area 2B in the direction of the two ends of the measurement volume 2: In comparison to the cross-sectional enlargement of the measurement volume 2 from FIG. 3, in which the front boundary surface of the measurement volume 2 is curved at the lateral ends in the direction of the front surface of the bumper 6, the curvature of the measurement volume 2 shown in FIG. 4 at both ends of the measurement volume 2 is on the one hand in the direction of the vehicle roof and on the other hand in the direction of the vehicle floor. FIG. 5a shows an advantageous embodiment of the invention for an alternative embodiment of the front body part 6 of a motor vehicle 5. Here, the measurement volume 2 has its largest cross-sectional area 2B in the middle between its two ends along the bumper 6, and a continuously decreasing size towards both ends Cross-sectional area, represented schematically by the two lateral cross-sectional areas 2A and 2C. With such a shape of the measuring volume 2, an impacting object can compress a comparatively largest volume in the central impact region b and thereby cause a comparatively largest pressure increase. As already mentioned above, this can be particularly advantageous if mechanical stiffening can be found in the area of the front vehicle body 6, for example by means of a suspension for a license plate, a tow hook or other design changes on the front vehicle front 6 that make it more difficult for an impacting object to penetrate. A large cross-sectional area on the one hand and a particularly rigid vehicle body part there, on the other hand, act against one another in the event of an impact on the central impact region b in such a way that the pressure increase caused thereby and the pressure reduction on the other hand ideally cancel each other out.
Figur 5b zeigt ein Messvolumen 2, das im Vergleich zur Figur 5a die größte Querschnittsfläche 2B außermittig zwischen seinen Enden aufweist. Diese Ausführungsform ist im obigem Sinnzusammenhang genau dann von Vorteil, wenn einem durch eine dortige mechanische Versteifung, beispielsweise durch einen dort angebrachten Abschlepphaken, reduzierten Signalanstieg am Drucksensor 3 bei einem dortigen Aufprall entgegengewirkt werden soll. FIG. 5b shows a measurement volume 2 which, compared to FIG. 5a, has the largest cross-sectional area 2B off-center between its ends. This embodiment is advantageous in the above context if a reduced signal rise at the pressure sensor 3 is to be counteracted by a mechanical stiffening there, for example by a towing hook attached there, in the event of an impact there.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Vorrichtung (1) zum Erkennen eines Aufpralls auf ein Fahrzeug, mit einem Drucksensor (3) zum Erfassen der Kompression eines weitgehend abgeschlossenen Messvolumens (2) beim Aufprall, das längs eines vom Aufprall getroffenen Teils der Fahrzeugkarosserie angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Querschnittsfläche (2A, 2B, 2C) des Messvolumens (2) entlang dessen Längsrichtung einen vergleichsweise größeren Flächeneinhalt nahe solcher Teile der Fahrzeugkarosserie aufweist, an denen die Fahrzeugkarosserie vergleichsweise steif und dadurch vergleichsweise schwer bei einem Aufprall verformbar ist.1. Device (1) for detecting an impact on a vehicle, with a pressure sensor (3) for detecting the compression of a largely closed measurement volume (2) in the event of an impact, which is arranged along a part of the vehicle body hit by the impact, characterized in that the cross-sectional area (2A, 2B, 2C) of the measurement volume (2) along its longitudinal direction has a comparatively larger area near those parts of the vehicle body on which the vehicle body is comparatively stiff and therefore comparatively difficult to deform in the event of an impact.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Querschnittsfläche (2A, 2B, 2C) des Messvolumens (2) in dessen Längsrichtung derart verschiedene Flächeninhalte aufweist, dass bei einem Aufprall desselben Objekts mit gleicher Geschwindigkeit auf verschiedene Aufprallorte (a, b, c) längs des vom Aufprall getroffenen Teils der Fahrzeugkarosserie eine nahezu gleiche Signalamplitude am Drucksensor (3) vorliegt.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-sectional area (2A, 2B, 2C) of the measurement volume (2) has different areas in its longitudinal direction in such a way that in the event of an impact of the same object with the same speed on different impact locations (a, b, c) along the part of the vehicle body hit by the impact there is almost the same signal amplitude at the pressure sensor (3).
3. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, dass das Messvolumen (2) an seinen beiden Enden die vergleichsweise größten Querschnittsflächen (2A, 2B) aufweist.3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the measurement volume (2) has the comparatively largest cross-sectional areas (2A, 2B) at both ends.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, dass das Messvolumen (2) eine kleinste Querschnittsfläche (2C) etwa mittig zwischen den beiden Enden des Messvolumens (2) aufweist. 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, character- ized in that the measuring volume (2) has a smallest cross-sectional area (2C) approximately midway between the two ends of the measuring volume (2).
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Messvolumen (2) eine größte Querschnittsfläche (2C) etwa mittig zwischen den beiden Enden des Messvolumens (2) aufweist.5. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the measuring volume (2) has a largest cross-sectional area (2C) approximately midway between the two ends of the measuring volume (2).
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Messort des Drucksensors (3) mittig zwischen den beiden Enden des Messvolumens angeordnet ist. 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring location of the pressure sensor (3) is arranged centrally between the two ends of the measuring volume.
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