Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/007—Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
  • A61K9/0073—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy
  • A61K9/0075—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy for inhalation via a dry powder inhaler [DPI], e.g. comprising micronized drug mixed with lactose carrier particles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/13—Amines
  • A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
  • A61K31/137—Arylalkylamines, e.g. amphetamine, epinephrine, salbutamol, ephedrine or methadone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/007—Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
  • A61K9/0073—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy
  • A61K9/008—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy comprising drug dissolved or suspended in liquid propellant for inhalation via a pressurized metered dose inhaler [MDI]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics

Definitions

• the present invention relates to salmeterol formulations and to their use in the treatment of the respiratory conditions, including asthma and related disorders.
• the pathophysiology of asthma or related disorders involves bronchoconstriction resulting from bronchial smooth muscle spasm and airway inflammation with muscle edema.
• Treatment of asthma and other related disorders has been known to employ ⁇ -2 agonists, also known as ⁇ -2 adrenoreceptor agonists.
• ⁇ -2 adrenoreceptor agonists are known to provide a bronchodilator effect to patients, resulting in relief from the symptoms of breathlessness.
• ⁇ -2 adrenoreceptor agonists have been shown to increase the conductance of potassium channels in airway muscle cells, leading to membrane hyperpolarization and relaxation.
• ⁇ -2 adrenoreceptor agonists examples include terbutaline, salbutamol, lev-albuterol, R, R-formoterol, metaproterol sulfate, pirbuterol acetate, bitolterol mesylate, fenoterol, procaterol, salmeterol, bambuterol hydrochloride, clenbuterol and formoterol.
• salmeterol, formoterol and bambuterol hydrochloride are long acting ⁇ -2 adrenoreceptor agonists, of which salmeterol has long been approved for the treatment of asthma.
• the long acting subgroup of ⁇ -2 adrenoreceptor agonists act via relaxation of airway smooth muscles and consequent bronchodilation. Drugs of this long acting subgroup may have delayed onset of action, so are used for long-term regular treatment of reversible airways obstruction in asthma and in particular are bronchodilators used for the management of persistent asthma symptoms.
• a sympathomimetic amine is a relatively selective long acting ⁇ -2 agonist.
• Salmeterol xinafoate which is chemically ( ⁇ ) 4-hydroxy- ⁇ 1 -[[[6-(4- phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino] methyl]-1 ,3 ⁇ benzenedimethanol, 1-hydroxy-2- naphthalenecarboxylate is used as a bronchodilator for the long term prevention of bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease, including those with symptomatic nocturnal asthma and for the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm.
• Salmeterol is also used as a bronchodilator for long term symptomatic treatment of reversible bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Salmeterol is used alone or in fixed combination with steroids for the therapy.
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a general term encompassing chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and chronic obstructive airways disease. COPD is a chronic slowly progressive disorder characterized by airways obstruction which does not change markedly over several months.
• Symptoms of COPD which vary with the severity of the disease, include coughing with or without sputum, and breathlessness (dyspnea) with or without wheezing.
• Helium propellant compositions for use with aerosols are discussed in US Patent application No.20030199594 by Larson & Taylor.
• US Patent application No.20030064097 by Patel et al. discloses solid carriers for improved delivery of hydrophobic active ingredients in pharmaceutical compositions.
• US Patent application No.20030062042 by Wensley et al. deals with an aerosol generating method for desired particle sizes from molecular to 10 microns and a device for the same.
• a method and device for delivering a physiologically active compound is discussed in US Patent application No.2003005728 by Lloyd et al. Delivery of aerosols containing small particles through the inhalation route is dealt with in US application No.20030035776 by Hodges et al. US Application No.20030015197 by Hale et al. discloses methods for forming an aerosol for inhalation delivery. Aerosol forming device for use in inhalation therapy is the subject matter of US patent application No.20030015196 by Hodges et al. Aerosol compositions containing finely divided solid materials and environmentally preferred propellants are discussed in US Pat. 4,352,789 by Thiel et al.
• WO 9311743 deals with aerosol formulations for the administration of medicaments by inhalation, in particular pharmaceutical aerosol formulations which comprises particulate medicament selected from the group comprising salmeterol, salbutamol, fluticasone propionate, beclomethasone dipropionate and physiologically acceptable salts and solvates thereof and a fluorocarbon or hydrogen-containing chlorofluorocarbon propellant, which formulation is substantially free of surfactant.
• pharmaceutical aerosol formulations which comprises particulate medicament selected from the group comprising salmeterol, salbutamol, fluticasone propionate, beclomethasone dipropionate and physiologically acceptable salts and solvates thereof and a fluorocarbon or hydrogen-containing chlorofluorocarbon propellant, which formulation is substantially free of surfactant.
• GB2235627 describ es the combination of salmeterol or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and the cortic ⁇ steroid fluticasone propionate for use in the treatment of asthma and other respiratory disor ers via a twice daily dosing regimen.
• the combination of salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate is now used clinically in the treatment of asthma. It is indicated for twice daily (b. i. d.) dosing.
• Patent no. GB2140800 describes phenethanolamine compounds which are ⁇ -2 agonists including salmeterol xinafoate which is used clinically in the treatment of bronchial asthma and related disorders. Salmeterol is used clinically for the treatment of bronchial asthma and related disorders.
• WO 9632150 to Glaxo Wellcome Inc. discloses a metered dose inhaler having part or all of its internal surfaces coated with one or more fluorocarbon polymers, optionally in combination with one or more non-fluorocarbon polymers, for dispensing an inhalation drug formulation comprising salmeterol, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, and a fluorocarbon propellant, optionally in combination with one or more other pharmacologically active agents or one or more excipients .
• Patent no. US2003125313 describes combinations of salmeterol and budesonide, and their use in the prophylaxis and treatm ent of respiratory diseases.
• the amount of salmeterol and budesonide, which is required to schieve a therapeutic effect, varies with the particular compound, the route of administration, the subject under treatment, and the particular disorder or disease being treated.
• salmeterol xinafoate is generally administered to adult humans by aerosol inhalation at a dose of 50 meg or 100 meg twice daily. Therefore, the literature reports the use of salmeterol and its salts thereof for the treatment or prophylaxis of asthma on the basis of a twice-daily regimen.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a new unit dosage form comprising an effective amount of salmeterol or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof along with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, for prophylaxis or treatment of mild or moderate asthma, especially persistent asthma, on a once daily basis.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the reparation of a formulation comprising an effective amount of salmeterol or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, along with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
• Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method for prophylaxis or treatment of asthma, which comprises administering an effective amount of a combination of salmeterol or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, on a once daily basis.
• a daily metered dose inhalation formulation for once daily administration which formulation comprises salmeterol or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof; and a propellant.
• a dry powder inhalation formulation for once daily administration which formulation comprises salmeterol or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and a diluent.
• the present invention also relates to once daily metered dose inhalation formulations comprising the active ingredient, salmeterol or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof; a propellant; a co solvent and optionally a surfactant. Further, the present invention relates to once daily dry powder inhalation formulations comprising the active ingredient, salmeterol or it's physiologically acceptable salt thereof and a diluent.
• the present invention relates to a process for preparation of metered dose inhalation formulations which comprises the steps of weighing the active ingredient in a can; adding cosolvent and for surfactant if required; sonicating the solution (preferably for about 5 minutes); placing a metering valve on the can and crimping (preferably with a vacuum crimpier) and charging propellant through the metering valve. Further the present invention relates to a process for preparation of dry powder inhalation formulations which comprises the steps of admixing said active ingredient with said lactose and filling said admixture into capsules.
• the present invention relates to a method of prophylaxis or treatment of asthma, which comprises administering an effective amount of a combination of salmeterol or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, on a once daily basis.
• the invention also provides a unit dose inhalation formulation for once daily administration comprising salmeterol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester of other derivative thereof, wherein the formulation comprises from 25 to 50 meg of active.
• the present invention provides a method for prophylaxis or treatment of asthma, which comprises administering an effective amount of salmeterol or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, such as the xinafoate salt, on a once daily basis.
• a method for prophylaxis or treatment of mild or moderate asthma, especially persistent asthma which comprises administering an effective amount of salmeterol or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, such as the xinafoate salt, on a once daily basis.
• salmeterol or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof such as the xinafoate salt
• Treatment may be initiated on the loasis of once daily dosing, or may be stepped down from b. i. d. dosing to once daily dosing once a patient's asthma has stabilized- Once asthma stability for a patient has been achieved, it is desirable to titrate to the lowest effective dose to reduce the possibility of any potential side effects.
• Once daily dosing also allows greater flexibility to physicians in prescribing treatment for persistent asthma. This can be especially important for paediatric patients.
• salmeterol is effective at clinically recommended doses i.e. 25 and 50 meg and may prove to be beneficial for the treatment of bronchial asthma through their ability to dilate the airways for over 24 hours.
• the term "once daily” means that a patient's asthma is adequately controlled when the patient takes an effective lower dose of salmeterol or a physiological ly acceptable salt thereof, such as the xinafoate salt, once approximately every 24 hours.
• a patient will take an effective dose of the drug at the same time in each 24-hour period.
• the amount of salmeterol or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, such as the xinafoate salt, which is required to achieve a therapeutic effect will vary with the particular salt form, the route of administration, the patient under treatment, and the particular disorder being treated.
• the drug and/or formulation comprising the same may be administered to an adult by inhalation at a dose of from 25 eg to50 meg per day of salmeterol.
• the formulation of the invention is preferably administered to an adult by inhalation at a dose of from 25 meg to 50 meg of salmeterol, optionally in the form of the xinafoate salt, per day.
• the total daily dose may be inhaled or administered in one actuation of an inhaler, for example a dry powder inhaler or a metered dose inhaler, or in more than one actuation. Daily doses of about 25 meg or about 50 meg are preferred.
• Figures 1 and 2 show the FEVi curves for subjects receiving a single dose of salmeterol. In the figures, 1 puff translates to 25 meg of salmeterol.
• the base line determining the therapeutically effective concentrations of the drug was the 15% base line.
• the first column of each of the figures describes the first visit of the patient whereas the second column describes the second visit of that particular patient.
• compositions and methods disclosed herein comprise the use of salmeterol unit dose in a suitable inhalation formulation.
• salmeterol may be formulated in any suitable inhalation formulation suitable for delivery of the drug in the respiratory system, including metered dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers.
• the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is an inhaler i.e. it can be a MDI or a DPI.
• compositions according to the p resent invention may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by methods well known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
• pharmaceutical formulations according to the p resent invention comprise inhalation formulations to be delivered from pressurized containers with the use of a suitable propellant as the carrier or excipient.
• Suitable propellants include 1 ,1 ,1 ,2- tetrafluoroethane (HFA 134a) or 1,1,1,2,3,3,3,-heptafluoropropane (HFA 227), or a combination of both, or mono-fluoro trichloromethane and diohloro difluoromethane or chlorofluorocarbons and derivatives thereof, in particular 1 ,1 ,1 3 2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA 134a) or 1 ,1 ,1 ,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFA 227), with HFA 1 34a being preferred.
• a pharmaceutical inhalation formulation according to the present invention preferably further comprises a polar cosolvent such as C 2 . 6 alip iatic alcohols and polyols, for example ethanol, isopropanol and propylene glycol, with ethanol being preferred.
• a polar cosolvent such as C 2 . 6 alip iatic alcohols and polyols, for example ethanol, isopropanol and propylene glycol, with ethanol being preferred.
• the concentration of the cosolvent is in the range of about 0.1 to 15 % by weight, of the total formulation.
• a formulation according to the present invention may further comprise one or more surfactants. Such surfactants can be included to stabilize the formulations and for lubrication of a valve system. Some of the most commonly used surfactants in inhalation formulations are oils derived from natural sources, such as corn oil, olive oil, cottonseed oil and sunflower seed oil, and also phospholipids such as lecithin.
• a preferred surfactant for use according to the present invention is oleic acid.
• the surfactants used in the formulations of the present invention are generally present in the range of about 0.0001 % to 0.5%, preferably 0.01 to 0.1 % of the therapeutic agents present in the formulations by weight of the therapeutic agents present in the formulations.
• a preferred inhalation formulation of this invention is in the form of a suspension or a particulars suspension or a clear solution. In the case of a particulate suspension or a solution, the cosolvent used should have greater polarity than the propellant used. The most commonly used cosolvent is ethanol substantially as hereinbefore described.
• Another preferred inhalation formulation of this invention is a dry powder for inhalation.
• the active ingredient is suitably mixed with a known diluent to prepare the said formulation.
• the preferred diluent is lactose.
• the formulation can be filled in blistered cartridges or capsules. Such blistered cartridges and capsules can then be used employing any known inhalation device.
• the therapeutic agent present in inhalation formulations according to the present invention is present at a concentration in the range of about 25 to 50 meg in the formulation.
• a process of preparing a pharmaceutical product substantially as described herein in which process comprises providing salmeterol preparation for use in the treatment of asthma and related disorders.
• the present invention also provides a process of preparing a pharmaceutical formulation substantially as described, which comprises admixing a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient with salmeterol and functional derivatives thereof.
• compositions according to the present invention are particularly suitable for use in DPIs or MDIs.
• the MDIs substantially as hereinbefore described, utilize a liquefied propellant, as referred to above to expel droplets containing the therapeutic agents employed according to the present invention.
• a formulation according to the present invention is filled into an aluminum can through a suitable metering device and typically the can is plastic coated, lacquer-coated or anodized.
• a process for preparation of inhalation formulation as claimed in claim 1 comprises the steps of weighing the active ingredient in a plain aluminum can; if required adding the cosolvent and the surfactant; crimping the metering valve and then charging the propellant through the same.
• the present invention further discloses a process for preparation of inhalation formulations which comprises the steps of admixing the active ingredient drug with diluent, and using the formulation with the help of any known container used for inhalation.
• a process for preparation of inhalation formulations which comprises the steps of admixing the active ingredient drug with diluent, and using the formulation with the help of any known container used for inhalation.
• the active ingredient was first weighed in a plain aluminum can (with a capacity to accommodate 120 doses). Ethanol (and the surfactant, if required) was then added and the solution was sonicated for 5 minutes. A metering valve was then placed on the can and crimped with a vacuum crimpier. Propellant 134a was then charged through the metering valve.

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• 2005
  • 2005-03-14 KR KR1020067021071A patent/KR20060135873A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2005-03-14 JP JP2007502412A patent/JP2007528889A/ja active Pending
  • 2005-03-14 WO PCT/GB2005/001119 patent/WO2005087192A2/en active Search and Examination
  • 2005-03-14 RU RU2006136025/15A patent/RU2006136025A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2005-03-14 AP AP2006003734A patent/AP2006003734A0/xx unknown
  • 2005-03-14 EP EP05718105A patent/EP1732526A2/en not_active Withdrawn
• 2006
  • 2006-08-16 ZA ZA200606801A patent/ZA200606801B/xx unknown
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