EP1728567A1 - Méthode et dispositif de formage par le vide d'un flan métallique en un corps en forme de cuvette ainsi que l'utilisation de la méthode et du dispositif - Google Patents

Méthode et dispositif de formage par le vide d'un flan métallique en un corps en forme de cuvette ainsi que l'utilisation de la méthode et du dispositif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1728567A1
EP1728567A1 EP06010180A EP06010180A EP1728567A1 EP 1728567 A1 EP1728567 A1 EP 1728567A1 EP 06010180 A EP06010180 A EP 06010180A EP 06010180 A EP06010180 A EP 06010180A EP 1728567 A1 EP1728567 A1 EP 1728567A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blank
support structure
shell body
thin
walled shell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06010180A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1728567B1 (fr
Inventor
Helmut Dr. Michel
Wulf Dr. Radtke
Johannes Dr. Hegels
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MT Aerospace AG
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MT Aerospace AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MT Aerospace AG filed Critical MT Aerospace AG
Publication of EP1728567A1 publication Critical patent/EP1728567A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1728567B1 publication Critical patent/EP1728567B1/fr
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/14—Spinning
    • B21D22/18—Spinning using tools guided to produce the required profile
    • B21D22/185—Spinning using tools guided to produce the required profile making domed objects

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for forming a substantially flat blank made of metal to a thin-walled shell body and their use.
  • the present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method and an apparatus for forming or deforming a substantially flat blank made of metal to a thin-walled shell body with which or which can avoid the above disadvantages, which or which therefore a much improved economic use, especially due to in the Aerospace industry particularly strong growth requirements, at the same time high dimensional stability, low weight and high strength enable / enable, and to provide their use.
  • the negative pressure compensates advantageously occurring material shifts due to different stress conditions within the blank during its deformation or deformation or at its concave pressures to a thin-walled shell body.
  • the blank is brought to at least one of the mold chamber associated device for heating and / or heating of the blank to an elevated temperature profile according to claim 2.
  • the blank is further held according to claim 3 via at least one of the mold chamber associated device for thermal insulation and / or at least one of the mold chamber associated device for heat radiation at an elevated temperature profile.
  • the mold chamber associated device for thermal insulation and / or at least one of the mold chamber associated device for heat radiation at an elevated temperature profile.
  • heat losses of the blank or later shell body in the mold chamber are reduced in that convection losses by sucking the air through the device for defined evacuation of the mold chamber on the one hand and line and radiation losses through the lining of the mold chamber with heat-insulating material and by the covering of the Form chamber with reflective (multiscreen) reflector films can be largely prevented.
  • the blank according to the invention is applied according to the invention via a arranged in the mold chamber or communicating with the mold chamber device with inert gas.
  • the blank is deformed via at least one of the front of the blank acted upon forming tool to the thin-walled shell body similar or according to the principle of "concave pressing".
  • At least one forming or spinning roller and / or one spinning ball which is then preferably stored hydrostatically, can be used as forming tool.
  • the blank and the at least one forming tool are moved relative to each other, in particular rotated.
  • the spatial movement of the at least one forming tool relative to the blank spirally from inside to outside or vice versa from outside to inside, but always on pure large circles and kinematic combinations thereof, which lead to the desired geometry of the thin-walled shell body.
  • a relative movement between the blank and the forming tool can also be carried out step by step with respectively adjusted setting and in any desired combinations of the respective basic movements in order to produce a desired geometry.
  • a further increase in the dimensional stability achievable with the method according to the invention is achieved by the features of claim 8, according to which the shaping tool acting on the front side of the blank is regulated and / or controlled.
  • the final geometry of the thin-walled shell body can be defined by the meridian curve of a (sheet metal) template or by programming the meridian curve of the (sheet metal) template into an NC control.
  • the feed of the forming tool is set and limited parallel to the central axis of rotation of the blank as a function of the radius, with simultaneous consideration of the springback behavior of the material. Subsequent changes in geometry or geometry adjustments for differently shaped shell body are possible without high time, personnel and thus cost, after only the template or the NC control must be changed for the forming tool.
  • the blank of claim 9 is formed in a very advantageous manner prior to deformation to the thin-walled shell body from at least two separate surface elements, in particular by means of tungsten inert gas (TIG) -, metal inert gas (MIG) -, Friction stir (FSW), electron beam (EB), laser, plasma welding or any other suitable welding process to a unit.
  • TIG tungsten inert gas
  • MIG metal inert gas
  • FSW Friction stir
  • EB electron beam
  • laser plasma welding
  • the blank is annealed according to claim 10 prior to deformation to the thin-walled shell body.
  • soft annealing is advantageous for reducing internal stresses and welding-related differences in the deformation resistance.
  • the constructive measures of claim 11 for obtaining a desired end wall thickness of the thin-walled shell body are of particular interest.
  • the end wall thickness of the thin-walled shell body can be set exactly. If the blank is welded together due to its dimensions or dimensions of several separate surface elements, the wall thickness distribution in the area of the welds can also be selected accordingly.
  • the Contouring of the blank according to claim 12 expediently provided on the back. This ensures that the forming tool with the uncontoured, smooth front of the blank comes into contact or contact, if such a forming tool is required at all.
  • the blank according to the features of claim 13 prior to deformation and / or prior to stretching to the thin-walled shell body by cutting, in particular by turning, milling and / or grinding, provided with openings, perforations or the like recesses, in particular in the pole region of the blank become.
  • the stretching can take place with the aid of the vacuum, if the openings, perforations or the like recesses before stretching, that in the cold state is performed, vacuum sealed.
  • covers are provided, which provide for a temporary vacuum-tight seal.
  • covers are preferably small, but the more numerous. Thus, the covers can remain securely supported even on larger suppressed on the intervening webs.
  • the measures of claims 14 to 17 serve in a very advantageous manner, the further embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • the blank is made of metal, in particular of aluminum or an optionally curable aluminum alloy, such as A1 2219 or A1 2195
  • optimal compensation is generally desired in order to achieve a state T8 in the material properties.
  • the Blank clamped according to the method of the invention and reshaped by pre-pressing.
  • local degrees of deformation of more than 50% with regard to wall thickness reduction, and of more than 60% with respect to elongation in the meridional direction can be realized.
  • the blank, at least the first half-finished thin-walled shell body is removed and fed to an intermediate heat treatment.
  • Such intermediate heat treatment includes solution heat treatment and quenching.
  • the blank, at least the first half-finished thin-walled shell body clamped again and finished by uniform stretching finished. Additional tool is not required. Rather, the deformation or deformation or the concave pressure on the control of the final vacuum and / or the forming tool is defined. After stretching, all that follows is a heat aging in the oven, so that the state T8 is reached. State T8 is the currently most achievable state for age-hardenable aluminum alloys that are commonly used for rocket fuel tanks.
  • the continuous measurement of the blank according to claim 18 during deformation into the thin-walled shell body is required.
  • a geometric measurement of the blank can, for example, be carried out automatically by means of an optionally non-contact and pivoting measuring system.
  • the vacuum and / or the movement of the forming tool can be adjusted automatically in order to compensate for deviations from the required shape of the blank.
  • Dimensional deviations, such as non-circularities, are compensated or eliminated in this way.
  • the dimensional accuracy of the ultimately produced, thin-walled shell body is substantially increased.
  • rotationally symmetrical as well as non-rotationally symmetric material properties can be compensated.
  • the device for forming or deformation of a substantially flat blank made of metal to a thin-walled shell body which forms a mold chamber supporting structure which receives the blank with increasing deformation to the thin-walled shell body, arranged on the support structure means for clamping of the blank over its circumference on the support structure, which seals off the back of the blank facing the mold chamber from the front side of the blank facing away from the mold chamber, and comprises a device associated with the mold chamber and communicating with the mold chamber for applying a vacuum and evacuating the mold chamber and the support structure At least one of the front side of the blank acted upon forming tool is / are assigned, is achieved a particularly simple, also compact as well as stable overall construction.
  • the heat and power potentials supplied can be utilized considerably better than in the prior art. Not least as a result of this result in much reduced energy and thus manufacturing costs for the respective thin-walled shell body as a whole.
  • the device according to the invention a particularly high dimensional accuracy of a blank to obtain a thin-walled shell body to be deformed moldings.
  • a vacuum chamber By using a vacuum chamber, it is also possible to increase the clamping forces acting on the blank and to reduce convective heat losses when using heat.
  • the negative pressure supports the deformation or forming or concave pressing in a possible use of an additional forming tool.
  • An optionally unconverted material region is drawn by the negative pressure in the direction of the new shape of the thin-walled shell body, whereby at the same time a shaft which may be built up before the forming tool can be reduced.
  • any occurring material shifts due to different stress conditions within the blank during its deformation or deformation or concave pressures to a thin-walled shell body are advantageously compensated by the negative pressure.
  • When assisted by vacuum forming reduces in the case of using at least one forming tool under otherwise identical conditions at the same time required for the forming drive power, which in turn reflected positively in manufacturing and operating costs.
  • Particular importance is also attached to a further aspect, according to which an oxidation of materials during deformation or forming or concave pressures as a result of the application of the vacuum or evacuation of the molding chamber can be prevented, at least reduced. An effort for subsequent cleaning of the surface is reduced accordingly. As a result, in turn, the required time required decreases considerably.
  • the support structure for forming the mold chamber according to claim 20 essentially cup, pot, bowl, cone, truncated cone or the like form a hollow shape.
  • the support structure of the device according to the invention comprises at least one radiating to the mold chamber means for heating and / or heating of the blank, in particular as an electrically operated light lamp heating , Infrared radiation heating, induction heating or circulation heating with a circulating heat transfer medium, preferably water, oil, molten salt or sodium, is formed.
  • the heating and / or heating of the blank takes place in this way by the device according to the invention itself and not according to the state of the art from outside, although other external heat sources could be included.
  • the support structure at least one of the mold chamber associated device for thermal insulation and / or at least one of Form chamber associated device for heat radiation, in particular a reflective (multiscreen) reflector film, and / or a device for active cooling.
  • the heat and energy supplied to the blank and the subsequent shell body can thereby be utilized optimally.
  • the support structure of the device according to the invention is thus protected against high heat loads.
  • At least limiting the oxidation of the surface of the blank of the support structure according to claim 25 is preferably associated with a means for loading the blank with inert gas, which is arranged in particular in the mold chamber or communicates with the mold chamber for the supply.
  • a device for punctual and / or large-scale monitoring of the temperature of the molding chamber and / or the blank for example in shape of thermocouples and cumulatively or alternatively a thermal imager. In this way, anomalies can be detected faster and then turned off before the blank or the shell body can be damaged.
  • the means for clamping the blank according to claim 27 comprises a pressing ring, a clamping ring and a sealing ring between the pressing ring and clamping ring, whereby a complete sealing of the molding chamber facing back of the blank opposite to the molding chamber Front of the blank is ensured.
  • the invention provides that the support structure is equipped according to claim 28 with a device for reducing radial thermal expansion between the blank and the device for clamping the blank.
  • the device for clamping the blank according to claim 29 with respect to the support structure can be designed to be relatively radially and / or circumferentially displaceable or otherwise flexible.
  • a part of inadmissible thermal distortion in the blank or finished shell body in the form of stresses can be absorbed by springback.
  • relative movements of the blank or shell body during heating or heating are enabled.
  • the support structure of the device according to the invention is assigned a arranged in the mold chamber, perforated counter-mold, which is provided for conditioning and support of the thin-walled shell body to be deformed blank.
  • the support structure is assigned at least one forming tool acting on the front side of the blank.
  • This forming tool can be designed as one or more forming or spinning roller / s and / or spinning ball (s).
  • one or more such spinning balls are then stored hydrostatically.
  • An advantage of a spinning ball over a spinning roller is their simplified construction or handling overall. Accordingly eliminates in a spinning ball the entire construction effort for the articulation of the spinning roller, an actuator for the tracking of the inclination angle, etc.
  • the gestation time for a shell body from a substantially flat blank by using at least one additional forming tool significantly shorten.
  • two differently set, ie radially and azimuthally offset, forming tools can be significantly influenced on the gestation time of a shell body.
  • the at least one shaping tool acting on the front side of the blank is advantageously regulated or / or controlled in accordance with the features of claim 32 in a template or numerical manner.
  • the at least one forming tool which acts on the front side of the blank, according to claim 33 in its employment is individually adjustable.
  • the support structure is rotatably formed together with the blank formed on it and the at least one forming tool is only two-dimensionally movable along a stationary meridian.
  • the support structure is rotatable together with the blank about a central axis of rotation of the support structure via a drive means, while the at least one forming tool is two-dimensionally movable via two actuator devices on a space-fixed meridian curve.
  • the at least one forming tool thus does not move on circles or spiral paths, but only on a space-fixed meridian curve. It is guided two-dimensionally by a (sheet metal) template or NC control. Based on the blank resulting from the superposition of the rotation of the support structure together with the blank and the movement of the forming a spatial spiral movement.
  • the support structure may be formed stationary together with the blank and the at least one forming tool may be rotatable.
  • the blank or later thin-walled shell body has large dimensions, in particular a large diameter.
  • the at least one forming tool in this case is expediently arranged on a traverse extending diametrically over the support structure together with the blank and guided in a rail arrangement or the like, rotatable about a central axis of rotation via a drive device of the crossbeam and over two Actuator devices on a meridian curve relative to the traverse movable.
  • the traverse with the at least one forming tool together with roller guide.
  • the roller guide and required actuator devices are arranged on the traverse, which spans diametrically and at a distance from the blank on this.
  • the Traverse is on both sides of a rail assembly, for example in rails or the like, guided and revolves during deformation or forming or concave pressing with at least one forming tool on the blank.
  • a special prism guide is provided in order to avoid lifting the cross member from the rail arrangement.
  • the forming tool again moves relative to the traverse on a meridian curve, ie two-dimensional.
  • two template or NC controlled actuator devices for the vertical and radial movement or deflection are provided for each forming tool.
  • the traverse can have a sufficiently wide support surface, optionally with the use of cross supports or the like, in order, for example, to easily intercept emergency stops at high rotational speeds, without the excessive transverse forces acting on the rail arrangement of the traverse.
  • the central axis of rotation of the support structure or the traverse according to claim 40 is arranged horizontally or vertically.
  • the choice depends mostly on structural conditions, such as the usable drive options, etc., from.
  • the traverse for changing a blank by a thin-walled shell body, and vice versa according to claim 42 rail splines on two straight parallel rails that connect tangentially to a rail ring to design movable. In this way, the traverse for loading and subsequent Ent Nativeung can spend in a temporary parking position next to the device according to the invention.
  • the cross member according to claim 44 from an opening in the rail substructure below a rail or the like supporting support ring off and retractable.
  • the support ring for the rails or the like is thus placed above the means for clamping the blank, so that the support structure can be moved in and out through the opening in the rail substructure.
  • the traverse remains unmoved in the rails or the like.
  • the change of the blank or shell body therefore takes place outside the rail substructure.
  • the support structure including blank is moved back into the center of the rail substructure, centrically aligned, locked and connected to the vacuum port and other supply terminals for electrical power and electrical signals.
  • the cross member according to claim 45 on two straight parallel rails or the like over the fixedly arranged support structure linearly reciprocated and takes the at least one forming tool along the traverse back and forth on herverschiebbar, such that the blank by the at least one forming tool in circles Or spiral paths with a constant angle of inclination and in defined height positions can be acted upon.
  • the traverse is thus linearly reciprocated along two straight, parallel rails or the like over the support structure in classic gantry construction.
  • the at least one forming tool is arranged on the traverse and guided in the longitudinal direction of the traverse, such that the forming tool on the blank or the forming thin-walled shell body describes a circle whose plane extends perpendicular to the central axis of rotation.
  • the required actuator device must cooperate synchronously with the drive device of the traverse in order to be able to go through the respective sine or cosine curves exactly.
  • Further actuator devices are provided for adjusting the height position or pressure depth and for the inclination or articulation of the forming tool to the central axis of rotation.
  • the support structure of claim 46 on two straight parallel rails or the like under the fixedly arranged support structure is linearly reciprocated and the traverse reciprocally receives the at least one forming tool along the traverse and herverschiebbar, such that the blank can be acted upon by the at least one forming tool in circles or spiral tracks with a constant angle of inclination and in defined height positions.
  • the support structure thus carries out a reciprocating motion in a linear slide guide, while the gantry-shaped traverse is configured stationary.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 47.
  • the support structure comprises a thermally insulated, in particular provided with heating surfaces, cover or the like cover plate for covering the molding chamber facing away from the front of the blank.
  • cover or the like cover plate With the cover or the like cover plate to be deformed, usually cold blank remain covered until its temperature reaches the operating temperature by supplying heat.
  • the covering element or the like cover plate in addition to a simple possibility for variable heating, finally also ensures a reduction of the heat losses and the oxidation.
  • the support structure with at least one of the mold chamber associated, safety-relevant device for protection against external influences by gaseous and / or liquid coolant in particular inert gas, preferably argon or nitrogen, or water
  • inert gas preferably argon or nitrogen, or water
  • the coolant is used as the coolant.
  • the supporting structure and in particular the other components such as devices for heating and / or heating of the blank, thermal insulation devices, devices for heat radiation, the vacuum connection or supply connections for electrical power and electrical signals, safety-protected installed. In this way it is possible to leave the blank for further processing in the device according to the invention. Additional personnel, time and cost-intensive retooling can thus be saved.
  • the support structure in this context preferably at least one Device for, in particular dissuasive, cooling of the blank and / or the thin-walled shell body on the rear side facing the mold chamber and / or facing away from the molding chamber front of the blank or thin-walled shell body, with all the necessary inlet and outlet lines for the coolant itself This makes it possible to quench the shell body from both sides, ie from its rear and / or front side.
  • the device for applying a vacuum and evacuating the mold chamber according to claim 50 expediently comprises a vacuum connection which extends in and through the axis of rotation of the support structure and / or communicates with the mold chamber.
  • the method according to the invention and / or the device according to the invention according to claim 52 is particularly suitable in the production of shells as dome for rocket fuel tanks, satellite tanks, paraboloid antennas, paraboloid reflector shells, paraboloid solar collectors, headlight housings, container bottoms, tower domes, Pressure cups or the like.
  • inventive method or apparatus according to claim 53 for rolling, in particular compaction rollers, of defined surfaces of the thin-walled Insert shell body improve.
  • the device 10 according to the invention and / or the method according to the invention is / are for reshaping or deforming a substantially flat blank 12 or a substantially planar blank made of metal, in particular aluminum or a preferably curable aluminum alloy, such as A1 2219 or A1 2195, provided to a (thin-walled) shell body 14, cup-shaped member or the like molding, both in the cold and in the warm state.
  • metal in particular aluminum or a preferably curable aluminum alloy, such as A1 2219 or A1 2195
  • the device 10 and / or the method according to the invention are / are particularly suitable for producing rotationally symmetrical and / or non-rotationally symmetrical cup-shaped components.
  • the apparatus 10 and / or the method according to the invention serve to produce hemispherical, spherical cap-shaped, dome-shaped, ellipsoidal kallotenförmig, conical, elliptical, in Cassini shape or with other cross-sectional shapes configured components.
  • the device 10 according to the invention and / or the method according to the invention are suitable for producing shells as dome for rocket fuel tanks, satellite tanks, paraboloid antennas, paraboloid reflector shells, paraboloid solar collectors, headlight housings, container bottoms , Tower domes, pressure cups or like.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of such a device 10 according to the invention or a similar pressure bench for forming or deforming a substantially flat blank 12 made of metal into a thin-walled shell body 14.
  • the device 10 in this case has a support structure 16 which forms a molding chamber 18, or. includes or limits.
  • the support structure 16 receives the blank 12 with increasing deformation to the thin-walled shell body 14.
  • the support structure 16 is substantially cup-shaped, pot-shaped, bowl-shaped, conical, frustoconical or the like hollow-shaped.
  • the support structure 16 is preferably made of sufficiently temperature-resistant materials.
  • the device 10 comprises a device 20 for clamping the blank 12 over its circumference 22 on the support structure 16.
  • the device 20 for clamping the blank 12 is arranged on the support structure 16 and received by this.
  • the device 20 for clamping the blank 12 seals the rear side 24 of the blank 12, which faces the molding chamber 18, opposite the front side 26 of the blank 12, which faces away from the molding chamber 18. In this way, the interior of the molding chamber 18 is isolated from the environment.
  • the device 10 has a Means 28 for applying a vacuum and evacuating the mold chamber 18.
  • the means 28 for applying the vacuum and evacuating the mold chamber 18 is associated with the mold chamber 18 and communicates with it to communicate with it.
  • the support structure 16 of the embodiment of the device 10 shown in FIG. 1 has at least one, in particular variably controllable, means 30 for heating and / or heating the blank 12, which radiates to or into the molding chamber 18.
  • the device 30 for heating and / or heating of the blank 12 can be designed as electrically operated light-lamp heating, internal or external infrared radiation heating, induction heating or circulation heating with a circulating heat transfer medium, such as water, oil, molten salt or sodium. Any other embodiments of the device 30 for heating and / or heating of the blank 12 as a heat source are also conceivable.
  • By all means are also other heat sources or devices 31, which are arranged outside the molding chamber 18, for example, for heating and / or heating of the blank 12 possible.
  • the support structure 16 of the device 10 according to the invention is further configured with at least one device 32 for thermal insulation.
  • the device 32 for thermal insulation is attached to the support structure 16 on the inside and thus associated with the molding chamber 18.
  • the device 32 for thermal insulation may be formed as a thermal barrier coating, for example on fiberglass or ceramic base.
  • the support structure 16 of the device 10 according to the invention moreover has at least one device 34 for heat return.
  • the device 34 for heat recovery is attached to the support structure 16 on the inside and thus also associated with the mold chamber 18 or facing.
  • the device For heat radiation for example, it may be formed as a reflecting (multi-screen) reflector film.
  • the support structure 16 of the device 10 according to the invention may additionally be provided with a device for active cooling.
  • the device for active cooling can be designed as an internal cooling system with, for example, water or oil as the cooling medium.
  • the device 32 for thermal insulation and / or the device 34 for heat radiation support the construction and maintenance of an elevated temperature profile inside the mold chamber 18 and thus at the same time the heating and / or heating of the blank 12. At the same time serve the device 32 for thermal insulation and the device 34 for heat recovery, optionally in conjunction with the device for active cooling, not shown, the thermal protection of the support structure 16 itself.
  • Fig. 1 it is schematically apparent that the support structure 16 of the device 10 according to the invention and / or the blank 12 is further associated with a device 36 for monitoring the temperature of the mold chamber 18 and / or the blank 12.
  • the means 36 for monitoring the temperature may include thermocouples 38, which are attached to the back 24 of the blank 12, and cumulatively or alternatively, a thermal imaging camera 40, which faces the front 26 of the blank 12 include.
  • a punctual and / or large-scale temperature monitoring is provided.
  • the device 20 for clamping the blank 12 according to FIG. 1 is provided with a pressing ring 42 and a clamping ring 44.
  • the clamping ring 44 for example, by means of screws (not shown) after interposition of the blank 12 are attached to the pressing ring 42.
  • the means 20 for clamping the blank 12 additionally comprises a sealing ring 46.
  • the sealing ring 46 is disposed between the pressing ring 42 and the clamping ring 44.
  • the sealing ring 46 may be formed, for example, as an O-ring.
  • sealing ring 46 as a rubber-like profile with a U-shaped cross-section, which is attached to the circumference 22 of the blank 12 before fixed tension of the clamping ring 44 on the pressing ring 42.
  • Other constructive embodiments, which lead to a complete sealing of the mold chamber 18 relative to the environment by means of blank 12 are - without being shown in detail - equally conceivable.
  • a thermal distortion due to temperature exposure due to unequal expansion of the clamped blank 12 and the support structure 16 in the region of the device 20 for clamping the blank 12 occur.
  • Such inadmissible thermal distortion can be counteracted by the support structure 16 being provided with means for reducing radial and / or circumferential thermal expansions between the blank 12 and the means 12 for clamping the blank 12 (not shown).
  • the device 20 for clamping the blank 12 relative to the support structure 16 may be relatively radially and / or circumferentially displaceable configured (also not shown).
  • Deforming or reshaping or concave pressing of the substantially flat blank 12 into a thin-walled shell body 14 is based solely on the (sub) pressure and temperature loading of the blank 12 in the device 10 according to the invention.
  • the blank 12 thus becomes essentially independent of one substantially flat shape spent in a rotationally symmetric or non-rotationally symmetrical (hollow) shape by external pressure and temperature.
  • the support structure 16 may additionally be associated with a perforated counter-mold 48, comparable to the embodiment of the device 10 shown in FIG. 3.
  • the perforated counter-mold 48 is disposed in the mold chamber 18 and serves the conditioning and support of the blank 12 to be deformed to the thin-walled shell body 14.
  • the perforated counter-mold 48 is provided as a kind of template for the ultimately achievable shape of the thin-walled shell body 14.
  • the perforated counter-mold 48 serves to clarify the ultimately achievable shape of the thin-walled shell body 14.
  • the perforation in the counter-mold 48 is required to apply the vacuum to the mold chamber 18 and the mold chamber 18 can ultimately evacuate.
  • the free space bounded by the perforated counter-mold 48, which the thin-walled shell body 14 finally completely fills is smaller than the mold chamber 18 itself and thus not identical to the mold chamber 18.
  • the support structure 16 is further associated with at least one forming tool 50, which comes into contact with the front side 26 of the blank 12 and thus acts on the front side 26 of the blank 12.
  • the forming tool 50 serves to assist the deforming or concave pressing by the device 10.
  • the forming tool 50 is configured here as a forming or spinning roller.
  • the forming tool 50 can also be designed as a, preferably hydrostatically supported, spinning ball, by means of which a tracking of the angle of inclination of a forming or spinning roller required in some cases can be avoided.
  • the at least one forming tool 50 which acts on the front side 26 of the blank 12, is controlled and / or controlled in a template or numerically.
  • the support structure 16 together with the blank 12 and the at least one forming tool 50 are also formed relative to each other relatively rotatable.
  • the support structure 16 is rotatably supported together with the blank 12 mounted thereon, while the at least one forming tool 50 is movable only along a fixed meridian.
  • the support structure 16 together with the blank 12 around a central axis of rotation 52 of the support structure 16 via a drive means 54 rotatably configured.
  • a rotation of the support structure 16 together with the blank 12 according to arrow 56 thus takes place via the drive means 54.
  • a connection 58 for applying a vacuum to the mold chamber 18 and for evacuating the mold chamber 18, a supply connection 60 for electric current and a supply connection 62 for electrical Signals, for example, using slip rings (not shown in detail) are located on the central axis of rotation 52nd
  • the axis of rotation 52 of the support structure 16 is expediently arranged horizontally. However, without being shown in detail, the axis of rotation 52 could also be arranged vertically.
  • the at least one forming tool 50 in contrast, via two actuator devices 64, 66, which cooperate, for example with a roller guide 68, according to the double arrows 70, 72 two-dimensionally movable on a space or stationary meridian curve.
  • the roller guide 68 is stationary.
  • the forming tool 50 embodied as a forming or pressing roller is fixedly set relative to the central axis of rotation 52 of the support structure 16.
  • the shaping tool 50 acting on the front side 26 of the blank 12 can be individually adjusted in its position against the axis of rotation 52 of the support structure 16.
  • the inclination or articulation of the forming tool 50 can therefore, if necessary, depending on, for example, the radius on which the forming tool 50 is currently performed, changed according to the requirements or readjusted.
  • the embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention differs from the embodiment of the device 10 shown in FIG. 1 primarily in that the support structure 16 is fixed together with the blank 12, whereas FIG at least one forming tool 50 is rotatably formed.
  • a total of two forming tools 50 are provided in the form of forming or pressing rollers. Deforming or forming or concave pressing of the blank 12 into a thin-walled shell body 14 can be substantially accelerated by means of forming tools 50 used simultaneously or differently.
  • the forming tools 50 can be offset radially and / or azimuthally to simultaneously process the blank 12 differently. Such a synchronous execution of several individual deformation or forming or pressing steps leads to a significant reduction of the respective manufacturing interval all in all.
  • the two forming tools 50 are in the embodiment of the device 10, which is shown in FIG. 2, arranged on a cross member 74 and supported by this support.
  • the traverse 74 extends diametrically over the entire support structure 16 together with the blank 12.
  • the central axis of rotation 52 of the cross member 74 extends vertically.
  • the two forming tools 50 are therefore each subjected to a rotation of the traverse 74 about its central axis of rotation 52.
  • a rotation of the cross member 74 takes place in the present embodiment of the device 10 of FIG. 2 via a drive means 76 according to arrow 78.
  • the two forming tools 50 each have two actuator devices 80, 82 in the radial direction according to double arrow 84 and in the vertical direction according to double arrow 86th movable on a meridian curve relative to the traverse 74.
  • the cross member 74 is guided in the embodiment of the device 10, which is shown in FIG. 2, on a rail assembly 88.
  • the rail assembly 88 is supported on a rail substructure 90.
  • the rail substructure 90 is formed by stilts 92 anchored in the ground and a support ring 94 received end to end by the stilts 92.
  • the rail assembly 88 includes a gear rim 96 on which the crosshead 74 is mounted.
  • the gear rim 96 is in turn frictionally connected on the underside with a rail ring 98.
  • the rail ring 98 holds a plurality of stationary guide rollers 100, which are distributed equidistantly along an inner and outer ring circumference, exactly centered on the central axis of rotation 52. Since the rail ring 98 engages on both sides in a prismatic or prismatic notches 102 of the guide rollers 100 (on) , The rail ring 98 and thus the cross member 74 can not lift off the rail assembly 88.
  • the guide rollers 100 rotate about pin axes 104 which are anchored in a ring plate 106.
  • the ring plate 106 in turn is supported by the support ring 94 of the rail base 90.
  • the rotation of the traverse 74 via the drive means 76 which is formed in the embodiment of the device 10 shown in FIG. 2 as an electric motor.
  • the drive device 76 is fastened to the rail substructure 90.
  • the drive mechanism 76 drives a pinion 108 which engages the gear rim 96 with which the crosshead 74 is connected via supports 110.
  • the drive device 76 may also be designed as a special stepper motor which is pulled by magnetic fields circulating in the rail ring 98.
  • the power supply for the mounted on the crossbar 74 actuator devices 80, 82 is centrally via a current collector shaft 112, for example, provided with slip rings is.
  • the traverse 74 as the embodiment of the device 10 shown in FIG. 2 clearly shows, for changing a blank 12 by a thin-walled shell body 14, and vice versa, of the gear rim 96 and the guide rollers 100 with the prism-shaped Notches 102, ie the revolving prism ring, and the supports 110 and then by means of a hoist (not shown), for example a workshop crane, liftable and laterally from the device 10 deductible.
  • a hoist for example a workshop crane
  • the embodiment of the device 10 shown in FIG. 3 differs from that shown in FIG. 2 only in that a perforated counter-mold 48 is additionally arranged in the mold chamber 18, by means of which a deforming resp ., A forming or concave pressing the blank 12 is supported to a thin-walled shell body 14.
  • the traverse 74 is rotatably guided in accordance with the double arrow 114 about the central axis of rotation 52 on the rail ring 98.
  • the two forming tools 50 are according to the double arrows 116 along the cross member 74 back and forth.
  • the cross member 74 is movable via rail switches 118 on two straight parallel rails 120 along the double arrow 122.
  • the two straight parallel rails 120 close to the rail ring 98 tangentially.
  • the cross member 74 can be moved laterally into a position in which the blank 12 and / or the thin-walled shell body 14 readily lifted by a hoist (again not shown), such as a workshop crane from the support structure 16 or in the support structure 16 can be used.
  • a hoist such as a workshop crane from the support structure 16 or in the support structure 16 can be used.
  • FIG. 5 shows yet another embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention.
  • the support structure 16 is hydraulically or by a hoist (not shown), for example a workshop crane, lowered according to double arrow 123 and optionally laterally positioned on a lower level.
  • a hoist for example a workshop crane
  • the support structure 16 can be extended and retracted from a support ring 94 supporting or extending into an opening in the rail substructure 90 below the rail or the like. This is made possible by the special design of the rail assembly 88, which is arranged above the plane defined by the blank 12 plane.
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows still another embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention.
  • the cross member 74 again extends diametrically across the support structure 16 together with the blank 12 to be deformed and is mounted on two straight parallel rails 124 or the like guided.
  • the support structure 16 is thus formed stationary.
  • Traverse 74 is linearly reciprocated along the two parallel rails 124 along double arrow 126 by drive means 76 (not shown).
  • the traverse 74 is equipped with at least one forming tool 50 in the form of a forming or spinning roller.
  • the forming tool 50 is actuated via an actuator device 128 relative to and perpendicular to the traverse 74, ie also perpendicular to the straight, parallel rails 124 according to double arrow 130.
  • the controls of the drive means 76 for the traverse 74 and the actuator means 128 for the forming tool 50 correspond to one another such that the great circle consists of an overlay each programmed sine or cosine feed function is formed.
  • additional actuator means (not shown) are required for the adjustment of the vertical height position or pressure depth and for the inclination or articulation of the forming tool 50 to the central axis of rotation 52 of the blank 12 and the thin-walled shell body 14 .
  • an additional actuator means may be provided in the form of a servomotor for the vertical height positioning and another actuator means in the form of a servomotor or a lever mechanism for the inclination.
  • the traverse 74 can be moved to change a blank 12 by a thin-walled shell body 14 and vice versa, readily outside the support structure 16 and park.
  • the support structure 16 instead of the crossbar 74 on two straight parallel rails 124 are reciprocated.
  • the traverse 74 with the weight of the heavy actuator device 128 and the additional actuator devices in the form of servomotors or a lever mechanism remains stationary in contrast.
  • the control of the drive device 76 of the traverse 74, the actuator 128 of the forming tool 50 and the additional actuator devices remains unchanged.
  • the vacuum port 58 and the supply ports 60, 62 for electric power and electrical signals are accommodated in flexible lines.
  • the support structure 16 may further comprise a thermally insulated, in particular provided with heating surfaces, cover or the like cover plate for Cover the front side 26 of the blank 12, which faces away from the molding chamber 18 include. Accordingly, the blank 12 or shell body 14 can be covered during the heat treatment on the support structure 16 and its temperature can be raised by means of the existing heating surfaces to the respectively required heat treatment temperatures.
  • the blank 12 or shell body 14 may remain on the support structure 16 until final dismantling in the clamped state to be subjected to further processing and / or heat treatment, for example, a solution annealing, a quenching and optionally an outsourcing.
  • the blank 12 or the shell body 14 does not need to be time-consuming dismantled after pre-pressing because of the subsequent heat treatment and then re-installed time consuming for the Rekken.
  • the heat treatment of the blank 12 can be carried out directly in the support structure 16 in the installed state.
  • the time saving proves to be significant, especially in the case of large blanks 12 or shell bodies 14.
  • a shell body 14 made of Al 2219 is solution-annealed after being pushed at 535 ° C, then quenched, then stretched, and finally optionally aged at 160 ° C to 190 ° C to reach state T8x.
  • the blank 12 is clamped over its circumference 22 on the support structure 16 with the mold chamber 18. From the mold chamber 18, the blank 12 is received with increasing deformation to the thin-walled shell body 14. At the same time, the rear side 24 of the blank 12, which faces the molding chamber 18, is sealed off from the front side 26 of the blank 12, which faces away from the molding chamber 18. Subsequently, a vacuum is applied to the final of the blank 12 mold chamber 18. By defined evacuation of the mold chamber 18, the blank 12 is finally deformed to the thin-walled shell body 14. In this case, the surface of the blank 12, with the decrease of the original wall thickness, stretched. To a contact between the blank 12 and the thin-walled shell body 14 and the support structure 16 and its components, it does not, due to the limitation and continuous monitoring of the vacuum and the controlled controlled guidance of the forming tool 50.
  • the blank 12 Before shaping, the blank 12 is brought to an elevated temperature profile via the at least one device 30 for heating and / or heating the blank 12, which is assigned to the forming chamber 18.
  • heat sources such as means 31, are switched on, which heat the blank 12, if necessary, from both sides 24, 26 and quickly raise to the prescribed temperatures and during the deformation or the concave pressing on this hold.
  • the blank 12 is further held on the at least one means 32 for thermal insulation and / or the at least one device 34 for heat radiation on the elevated temperature profile.
  • the blank 12 can optionally be deformed via a arranged in the mold chamber 18, perforated counter-mold 48 and alternatively or cumulatively via at least one of the front 26 of the blank 12 acted upon forming tool 50 to the thin-walled shell body 14.
  • forming tool 50 preferably at least one forming or spinning roller and / or a spinning ball is used. In the latter case, the spinning ball is expediently stored hydrostatically.
  • the forming tool 50 When loading the front side 26 of the blank 12 by the forming tool 50, it is particularly advantageous to guide the forming tool 50 relative to the blank 12 from the periphery 22 to the center thereof and / or from the center thereof to the periphery 22.
  • the forming tool 50 is controlled and / or controlled, preferably by means of a (sheet metal) template or numerically.
  • the blank 12 Before deforming the blank 12 to the thin-walled shell body 14 by means of the device 10 according to the invention, it is of particular advantage to form the blank 12 from at least two separate surface elements.
  • the at least two separate surface elements may in particular by means of tungsten inert gas (TIG), metal inert gas (MIG), friction stir (FSW or Friction-Stir-Welding), electric jet (EB), laser, plasma welding or any other suitable welding methods are combined into one unit.
  • TIG tungsten inert gas
  • MIG metal inert gas
  • FSW friction stir
  • EB electric jet
  • laser plasma welding
  • the blank 12 is formed from a plurality of separate surface elements, it may be of particular advantage to soft-anneal the blank 12 prior to forming in a conventional manner.
  • the blank 12 is preferably precontoured prior to deformation to the thin-walled shell body 14 by chip removal, in particular by turning, milling and / or grinding.
  • a predetermined wall thickness distribution of the blank 12 is set to obtain a desired end wall thickness of the thin-walled shell body 14.
  • a smooth guidance of the forming tool 50 is ensured.
  • the blank 12 prior to deformation and / or prior to stretching to the thin-walled shell body 14 by chip removal with openings, perforations or the like recesses, which are then sealed by means of coverings, in particular a film, at times vacuum-tight.
  • the chip removal can be done by turning, milling and / or grinding, with corresponding openings, perforations or the like recesses are made especially in the pole or in the middle of the blank 12.
  • the blank 12 Before the blank 12 is deformed or deformed or concavely pressed to the thin-walled shell body 14 by means of the device 10 according to the invention, it may be advantageous to subject the blank 12 to further preparatory processing steps. Thus, it is conceivable to preform and / or pre-mold the blank 12 if necessary, then to solution-anneal and then quench to a state T4, cold-strain, heat-deposit in the oven and bring a state T8.
  • domes for example for the fuel tanks of the Ariane 5 which have a diameter of 5.4 m and more and wall thicknesses in the range of maximum, are now readily manufactured 7 mm at the edge and about 3.3 mm in the region of the shell body 14 have.
  • the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments of the device 10 according to the invention.
  • inert gas not shown.
  • the oxidation of the blank 12 or of the thin-walled shell body 14 during heating and / or heating or a further processing or heat treatment can be further reduced in order to reduce a final surface cleaning at the same time to a minimum.
EP06010180A 2005-05-30 2006-05-17 Méthode et dispositif de formage par le vide d'un flan métallique en un corps en forme de cuvette ainsi que l'utilisation de la méthode et du dispositif Expired - Fee Related EP1728567B1 (fr)

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DE102005024627A DE102005024627A1 (de) 2005-05-30 2005-05-30 Vakuumgestütztes Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Umformen eines im Wesentlichen flächigen Rohlings aus Metall zu einem dünnwandigen Schalenkörper sowie deren Verwendung

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JP6383540B2 (ja) * 2014-01-29 2018-08-29 川崎重工業株式会社 スピニング成形装置
JP6270516B2 (ja) * 2014-02-04 2018-01-31 川崎重工業株式会社 スピニング成形装置
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CN104275378B (zh) * 2014-10-24 2016-09-28 中南大学 大径厚比大弓高比封头冲旋成型装置及冲旋方法
US9719150B2 (en) * 2015-01-05 2017-08-01 The Boeing Company Methods of forming a workpiece made of a naturally aging alloy
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WO2017158635A1 (fr) * 2016-03-14 2017-09-21 川崎重工業株式会社 Procédé d'agrandissement de diamètre de tube et appareil de moulage
US10502306B1 (en) 2016-04-25 2019-12-10 Accel Performance Group Llc Bellhousing alignment device and method
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DE102018125036A1 (de) * 2018-10-10 2020-04-30 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zum Umformen eines insbesondere metallischen Werkstücks
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WO2011124341A1 (fr) * 2010-03-29 2011-10-13 Mt Aerospace Ag Procédé pour former au moins une ébauche sensiblement plane pour donner un corps en cuvette, et son utilisation
WO2011124340A1 (fr) * 2010-03-29 2011-10-13 Mt Aerospace Ag Procédé pour former une ébauche sensiblement plane pour donner un corps en cuvette, et son utilisation
US9468965B2 (en) 2010-03-29 2016-10-18 Mt Aerospace Ag Method for shaping an essentially flat-surfaced blank to form a shell body and use thereof
EP2937157A4 (fr) * 2012-12-18 2016-08-31 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Dispositif d'usinage par rotation
CN110479838A (zh) * 2019-08-02 2019-11-22 武汉理工大学 超大型薄壁整体贮箱箱底分体式空间包络成形方法
CN110479838B (zh) * 2019-08-02 2020-09-01 武汉理工大学 超大型薄壁整体贮箱箱底分体式空间包络成形方法
CN113211351A (zh) * 2021-05-14 2021-08-06 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 一种针对深矢高非球面元件自适应柔性低应力装夹装置及装夹方法
CN113601108A (zh) * 2021-06-28 2021-11-05 北京航星机器制造有限公司 一种双面大开口变厚度钛合金薄壁壳体的加工方法
CN113601108B (zh) * 2021-06-28 2022-09-02 北京航星机器制造有限公司 一种双面大开口变厚度钛合金薄壁壳体的加工方法
CN115921682A (zh) * 2023-03-15 2023-04-07 南皮县兴业空调设备有限责任公司 发动机ecu安装支架模具
CN117506722A (zh) * 2024-01-05 2024-02-06 广州市锐美汽车零部件有限公司 一种电机壳加工的定位夹具
CN117506722B (zh) * 2024-01-05 2024-03-19 广州市锐美汽车零部件有限公司 一种电机壳加工的定位夹具

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JP4454602B2 (ja) 2010-04-21
DE502006002687D1 (de) 2009-03-12
US20100000279A1 (en) 2010-01-07
US7454936B2 (en) 2008-11-25
EP1728567B1 (fr) 2009-01-21
US20070039366A1 (en) 2007-02-22
DE102005024627A1 (de) 2006-12-07
US7644600B1 (en) 2010-01-12
JP2006341310A (ja) 2006-12-21

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