EP1728444B1 - Structure de cheminée pour chaussure et chausson pour pied - Google Patents

Structure de cheminée pour chaussure et chausson pour pied Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1728444B1
EP1728444B1 EP05021291.9A EP05021291A EP1728444B1 EP 1728444 B1 EP1728444 B1 EP 1728444B1 EP 05021291 A EP05021291 A EP 05021291A EP 1728444 B1 EP1728444 B1 EP 1728444B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
footwear
article
chimneys
chimney
chimney structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP05021291.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1728444A1 (fr
Inventor
David Vattes
Christopher J. Pawlus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TBL Licensing LLC
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TBL Licensing LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/143,326 external-priority patent/US7392601B2/en
Priority claimed from US11/143,538 external-priority patent/US8359769B2/en
Priority claimed from US11/143,232 external-priority patent/US8146266B2/en
Application filed by TBL Licensing LLC filed Critical TBL Licensing LLC
Publication of EP1728444A1 publication Critical patent/EP1728444A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1728444B1 publication Critical patent/EP1728444B1/fr
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/06—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated
    • A43B7/08—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated with air-holes, with or without closures
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D27/00—Details of garments or of their making
    • A41D27/28—Means for ventilation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B17/00—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined
    • A43B17/08—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined ventilated
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B17/00—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined
    • A43B17/10—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined specially adapted for sweaty feet; waterproof
    • A43B17/102—Moisture absorbing socks; Moisture dissipating socks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B19/00—Shoe-shaped inserts; Inserts covering the instep
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/07—Linings therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/26—Tongues for shoes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to footwear. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods and structures for removing heat, odors, and/or moisture from an article of footwear such as a shoe or a boot.
  • feet generate heat like other body parts.
  • the shoes tend to retain the heat, which causes the feet to sweat.
  • Sweat or perspiration is a mechanism for the body to flush wastes, regulate body temperature, and help keep the skin clean and pliant. Sweating can be a response to hard working muscles, a hot environment, or over stimulated nerves. It is the evaporation of perspiration from the skin that is the means of heat transfer. Because evaporative heat loss is the major mechanism of cooling, the body is constantly sweating as heat is transferred away from the core to the skin's surface. This is also referred to as insensible water loss, and is so named because it usually goes unnoticed. Insensible water loss, occurring via respiration and the skin (transepithelial) cannot be prevented, is a major source of heat loss for the body, and is not controlled by the body's regulatory system.
  • Eccrine sweat glands are the most numerous type of sweat glands and are found all over the body. They are particularly concentrated in the palms of the hands, soles of the feet and the forehead. There are approximately 250,000 sweat glands in a pair of feet. This represents more sweat glands per square inch of skin than any other part of the body. On average, sweat glands in the feet excrete as much as a half-pint of moisture a day. Moisture (also referred to herein as moisture vapor) includes a liquid that is diffused or condensed in relatively small quantity and dispersed through a gas as invisible vapor. Although sweat's main function is to control body temperature by evaporation, it also serves to keep the skin moist. As such, the skin covering the foot can withstand the constant flexing and friction that happens with locomotion, preventing the skin from rapidly becoming dry, irritated, and uncomfortable.
  • the 'in shoe' experience of the foot is often referred to as the microclimate of the foot- so called due to the environment that is created when a foot is covered, even partially, by footwear.
  • This zone includes the air trapped by footwear underneath and around the foot.
  • the foot microclimate is a factor in both foot comfort and foot health.
  • the feet experience the highs and lows of temperature and humidity with greater variation than elsewhere on the surface of the body. In part, this is because the feet are further from the heart than any other part of the body. Consequently, by the time the blood arrives to the feet, there has already been considerable cooling.
  • the core temperature of the body varies only slightly with large changes in environmental temperature, but there is a much greater effect on the feet. For example, with an air temperature of sixty-eight degrees, the surface temp of the foot at rest, without covering (protection) is approximately seventy-two degrees while the core body temperature remains constant at approximately ninety-eight degrees. In this instance, it is necessary to provide thermal insulation to the foot in order to maintain a comfortable foot temperature. Providing a waterproof barrier can also be extremely important feature of footwear in a wet environment as cold water temperatures and the resulting evaporative heat loss can leave the feet very cold and uncomfortable. In extreme situations, this can lead to frostbite and other deleterious conditions.
  • Protection from the external environment is important for several reasons, including protection from ground level objects or surfaces, moving objects and external climate (temperature and weather conditions). Protection may be provided through design and/or use of materials having characteristics such as insulation, durability, waterproofing and breathability.
  • the type of footwear is chosen based on intended use and climate considerations. For example, a runner would likely choose an insulated, waterproof running shoe during cold, wet weather and a light, breathable shoe for use in warm weather.
  • a hiking shoe is commonly chosen for protection from objects in the hiking environment and external climate. Regulation of the footwear's internal environment is extremely important in order to provide a consistently comfortable micro environment as external and internal conditions change during activity. The internal environment is heavily influenced by heat and sweat produced by the body, which, as discussed above, is a method of controlling body temperature.
  • an article of footwear comprising an outsole, an upper, and a chimney structure.
  • the upper is attached to the outsole and defines a cavity for receiving a wearer's foot.
  • the chimney structure comprises a plurality of chimneys defining pathways for moving heat or moisture from within the cavity to outside the article of footwear.
  • the chimney structure is disposed along a side panel of the upper.
  • the chimney structure comprises a plurality of channels arranged in a row along the upper.
  • the chimney structure comprises two rows of chimneys adjacent to one another.
  • the pathways of a first one of the rows face the cavity and the pathways of a second one of the rows face away from the cavity.
  • the first row is preferably adjacent to a wearer's foot and the second row is preferably adjacent to the outside of the article of footwear.
  • each of the chimneys of the first row shares a common wall with a corresponding one of the chimneys of the second row.
  • the common wall preferably includes at least one opening therein to enable the heat or moisture to pass from one of the pathways in the first row to one of the pathways in the second row.
  • the upper includes a collar and a body connected to the collar.
  • the body defines the cavity and the collar providing an opening to the cavity.
  • Selected pathways of at least some of the chimneys each have a first end disposed along the upper below the collar and a second end disposed along the collar.
  • the first end of each selected pathway is preferably positioned at or below ankle height.
  • the first end of each selected pathway is desirably located to be adjacent to the bottom of foot.
  • the movement of heat or moisture occurs by convection.
  • a chimney structure for convection of heat or moisture out of the microclimate of an article of footwear.
  • the chimney structure comprises a plurality of chimneys.
  • Each of the chimneys includes a first end open to receive the heat or moisture from an interior of the article of footwear and a second end open to move the heat or moisture from within the interior to outside the article of footwear.
  • the chimneys are removably insertable into the article of footwear. In another example, the chimneys are integrally formed in the article of footwear.
  • each of the chimneys includes first and second sidewalls and an endwall connecting the first and second sidewalls.
  • the sidewalls and the endwall define a pathway between the first and second ends of the chimney.
  • each of the chimneys has a cross-sectional area of at least 16 mm 2 .
  • the chimney structure comprises molded fabric with poured polyurethane.
  • the chimneys have a hardness of at least 15 Asker C.
  • an article of footwear comprises an outsole and an upper attached to the outsole.
  • the upper includes an outer material defining a cavity for receiving a wearer's foot and a collar region for insertion of the wearer's foot into the cavity.
  • the article of footwear also comprises a plurality of chimneys arranged in a row along an interior side of the outer material for moving heat or moisture from within the cavity to outside the article of footwear.
  • the article of footwear further comprises a plurality of elongated vents formed by overlapping sections of the outer material.
  • the plurality of elongated vents intersect with the plurality of chimneys to promote movement of the heat or moisture from within the cavity to outside the article of footwear.
  • at least one of plurality of the elongated vents preferably intersects the row of chimneys at an angle between 15° and 75°, whereby venting of the heat and moisture is enhanced.
  • the article of footwear further includes a footbed having a porous chassis operable to permit airflow from underneath the wearer's foot into the row of chimneys.
  • an article of footwear comprises an outsole and an upper attached to the outsole.
  • the upper defines a cavity for receiving a wearer's foot and includes a tongue.
  • the article of footwear also includes a chimney structure comprising means for moving heat or moisture from within the cavity to outside the article of footwear. Desirably, moving the heat or moisture occurs by convection.
  • the chimney structure is disposed along the tongue.
  • the tongue chimney structure desirably comprises a chimney having a pair of sidewalls and an endwall connecting the sidewalls.
  • the chimney may have a first opening at a toe region of the upper and a second opening along an upper portion of the tongue, whereby heat and moisture are vented out from the toe region.
  • the chimney mayhave a first opening at an instep region of the upper and a second opening along an upper portion of the tongue, whereby heat and moisture are vented out from the instep region.
  • the tongue chimney structure preferably comprises a row of chimneys.
  • the chimney structure comprises two rows of chimneys adjacent to one another. In this case, a first one of the rows faces the cavity and a second one of the rows faces away from the cavity.
  • at least some of the chimneys of the first row preferably share a common wall with corresponding chimneys of the second row.
  • the common wall includes at least one opening therein to enable the heat and/or moisture to pass from one of the chimneys in the first row to one of the chimneys in the second row.
  • the chimney structure is removably insertable in the tongue.
  • an article of footwear comprises an outsole, an upper and a chimney.
  • the upper is attached to the outsole and defines a cavity for receiving a wearer's foot and including a tongue.
  • the chimney is disposed in the tongue to enable movement of heat and moisture from within the cavity to outside the article of footwear.
  • the chimney has a substantially semicircular cross-sectional shape. In another example, the chimney has a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape. In a further example, the chimney comprises a flexible material, whereby the chimney flexes in response to movement by a wearer. In yet another example, the movement of the heat or moisture occurs by convection.
  • a chimney structure for ventilating the microclimate of article of footwear.
  • the article of footwear includes a tongue.
  • the chimney structure comprises a chimney disposed in the tongue to move heat or moisture from within an interior region of the article of footwear to outside the article of footwear.
  • the chimney includes a pair of sidewalls and an endwall disposed between the pair of sidewalls. The sidewalls and the endwall define a pathway therealong. The heat or moisture is moved through the pathway from the interior region to outside the article of footwear.
  • the chimney structure further comprises a wicking material covering at least a portion of the chimney.
  • the wicking material draws the moisture away from the wearer's skin.
  • the chimney structure desirably further comprises a waterproof membrane.
  • the wicking material covers an interior surface of the chimney facing the interior region of the article of footwear and the waterproof membrane covers an exterior surface of the chimney.
  • the waterproof member may include one or more openings to promote venting of the heat or moisture out of the pathway.
  • the chimney structure further comprises a covering substantially enclosing the chimney.
  • the covering includes a pocket for storing laces of the article of footwear.
  • the chimney structure further comprises a cushioning material disposed at a top region of the chimney structure facing the interior region of the article of footwear.
  • footwear is used herein to include, without limitation, all manner of foot coverings such as boots, shoes, sandals, athletic sneakers, loafers etc.
  • the inventors of the present invention conducted live trials using volunteer subjects to evaluate how airflow in the shoe microclimate affects heat and moisture retention, and, ultimately, shoe comfort.
  • a first testing phase focused on climate control and moisture management within a hiking shoe structure. Human subjects were asked to evaluate four different hiking shoes having different upper constructions.
  • the first hiking shoe included an all mesh upper designed for maximum breathability.
  • the second hiking shoe included a mesh upper with a waterproof membrane capable of venting moisture designed for average breathability.
  • the third hiking shoe was a conventional off-the-shelf hiking shoe including an integral waterproof membrane capable of venting moisture designed for average breathability.
  • the fourth hiking shoe included a mesh upper having a polyurethane ("PU") lining designed for minimum breathability.
  • Table 1 provided below compares the four shoe structures. Table 1: Shoe Number Shoe Type Designed Breathability 1 All mesh upper Maximum breathability 2 Mesh upper with waterproof/venting lining Average breathability 3 Conventional hiking shoe with waterproof/venting lining Average breathability 4 Mesh upper with PU lining Minimum breathability
  • each test included a warm-up period, a test period, and a cool down period. During the warm-up period the subject wore his or her own shoes. After warm-up, the subject walked on a treadmill for a period of 15 minutes at a speed of 4mph. Shoe weight and sock weight were recorded before and after the 15 minute walking period. At the conclusion of the test the subject stepped off of the treadmill and was allowed a five minute cool down period. Each subject wore a fresh pair of socks for each shoe tested.
  • Table 3 Shoe Number Human Trial Testing Subjective Rating (Scale:1-3) Mean Foot Temp @ 15 min. ⁇ T Sock Weight Gain Shoe Weight Gain Including Footbed Temp Humidity (°C) (°C) (g) (g) 1 1.45 1.29 35.3 1.4 0.64 0.43 2 2.29 1.73 36 2.1 1.32 0.43 3 2.56 2.07 36.6 3.1 2.11 1.11 4 2.35 1.90 36.6 2.6 1.86 0.96
  • the test results presented in Table 3 demonstrate the wearers' perception of comfort as it relates to moisture retention around the foot. Wearers perceived the all mesh upper of shoe one as being the coolest and driest after the test. The production shoe was perceived as being the hottest and most damp shoe after the test.
  • the column entitled “ ⁇ T” pertains to the increase in temperature during the trial and supports the wearers' assessments as to heat retention by the shoes. The time in the ⁇ T column runs from when the wearer initially placed his or her foot in the shoe to the end of the test after the cool down period.
  • the columns entitled “Sock Weight Gain” and “Shoe Weight Gain Including Footbed” provide statistical data confirming the wearers' assessments as to how much moisture was retained within the sock and the shoe.
  • the all mesh upper caused the least amount of moisture to be retained in the sock and in the shoe itself.
  • the production shoe caused the most moisture to be retained in the sock and in the shoe.
  • Table 4 illustrates a ranking of the four shoe structures based upon the subjective ratings by the test subjects. The rankings ranged from 1 to 4, with 1 being the best performance among all of the shoes and 4 being the poorest performance among all of the shoes.
  • the all mesh upper of the first shoe had the highest performance ranking among all of the shoes in all of the categories, whereas the conventional production shoe had the worst, or a tie for the worst, ranking in each category.
  • the mesh upper with the PU lining was ranked the same as the production shoe.
  • the inventors of the present invention also conducted laboratory tests separate from the human trials to evaluate how airflow in the shoe microclimate affects heat and moisture retention.
  • the same four shoe structures used in the human trials were tested in the laboratory. Testing was conducted using standards developed by the SATRA Technology Centre.
  • ACM SATRA Advanced Moisture Management
  • Testing was conducted under laboratory conditions of 20°C and 65% relative humidity.
  • a simulated foot was used to conduct the test.
  • the simulated foot was covered in a simulated skin membrane.
  • a sock was then placed on foot and inserted into one of the four test shoe structures.
  • the sock had the same composition as in the human trials.
  • the simulated foot was maintained at a temperature of 34° C with a nominal sweat rate of 5mL/hr.
  • the sweat rate was controlled in a closed loop such that the only means of egress was into the footwear being tested. A constant airspeed of 2 m/s was maintained across the shoe during the test. The mass of water input to the system in each test was approximately 13.5 g ⁇ 0.3g. Once the system was brought to equilibrium, the test lasted for a period of 180 minutes. The results of the test indicated the amount of moisture retained in the simulated skin, the sock, the footbed, and the shoe itself, as well as the evaporated mass of water and the amount of energy required to maintain the foot at 34°C. A low thermal energy input value would indicate a high degree of thermal insulation within the shoe. The laboratory test results are shown in Table 5.
  • the all mesh upper of the first shoe had the leat amount of moisture gain in the simulated skin membrane of the foot, in the sock, in the footbed by itself, and in the shoe including the footbed.
  • the shoe with the all mesh upper also had a much greater amount of evaporative moisture loss than any of the other shoes tested.
  • the evaporation results correlate with the data for thermal energy input as shown in the rightmost column.
  • the all mesh upper required the most amount of input energy to maintain the simulated foot at a temperature of 34°C.
  • Table 6 illustrates a ranking of the four shoe structures based upon the objective test results from the laboratory experiments. As with the rankings of Table 4, the rankings in Table 6 range from 1 to 4, with 1 being the best performance among all of the shoes and 4 being the poorest performance among all of the shoes.
  • the laboratory tests and human trials were compared for two criteria, moisture and heat.
  • moisture the average subjective humidity ratings in the human trials were compared to the average evaporated loss in the laboratory tests.
  • heat the average subjective temperature ratings in the human trials were compared to the average energy used in the laboratory tests.
  • the data were compared using a regression analysis technique involving the coefficient of determination ("R 2 "), which is a well known and often used statistical analysis tool.
  • the coefficient of determination is a measure of the correlation between the two variables in the regression analysis.
  • the variables were either the average subjective humidity as compared to the averaged evaporated loss, or the average subjective temperature as compared to the average energy used.
  • the R 2 value ranges between 0 and 1. A 0 value indicates no correlation, and a 1 value indicates strong correlation.
  • the R 2 value in the moisture comparison was 0.9077.
  • the R 2 value in the heat comparison was 0.8899.
  • the correlation coefficient may range from -1 to 1. As with the coefficient of determination, it is desirable for the correlation coefficient to be as close to 1 as possible.
  • the r value in the moisture comparison was 0.95.
  • the r value in the heat comparison was 0.94.
  • footwear configurations that lower moisture absorption in the sock, in the shoe, and/or in the footbed or sockliner should have a perceptibly drier fee.
  • Footwear configurations that have a higher thermal energy input should have a perceptibly cooler feel.
  • Evaporation of moisture facilitates cooling, improves functional performance, and reduces the likelihood of a foot-related injury - especially those related directly to the skin such as abrasion, swelling, and blisters. Proper evaporation also reduces the chance of fungal and skin infections, and reduces malodorous conditions.
  • channel or chimney devices hereinafter referred to as “chimneys”
  • articles of footwear including shoes, foot coverings such as socks, etc., to provide cooling and to remove moisture away from the foot.
  • FIGS. 1(a)-(b) illustrate an exemplary shoe 10 suitable for use with chimneys and other ventilation structures in accordance with the present invention.
  • the shoe 10 may be any type of conventional or specialty footwear, including, but not limited to dress shoes, loafers, athletic shoes such as sneakers, work boots, hiking boots, etc.
  • the exemplary shoe is shown having an outsole 12 and an upper 14.
  • the outsole 12 may include a tread 16 on the bottom thereof.
  • a region 18 connects the outsole 12 to the upper 14.
  • the region 18 may be integral with the outsole 12, or may comprise a separate midsole, a lasting board, etc.
  • the outsole 12 and the upper 14 may be integrally formed as a single piece. Additional features such as a shank piece, arch support, etc. (not shown), may be fixed as part of the shoe 10 or may be removable therefrom.
  • the upper 14 may include a body 20 as well as a collar or collar region 22, which defines an opening that enables a wearer to insert his or her foot into an interior cavity 24 of the body 20.
  • the body includes sidewalls or side panels of the upper, which may be formed from multiple pieces or as an integral unit. The sidewalls/side panels may also include a heel region.
  • the upper 14 may have a tongue 26, which may be part of the body 20 and which may be attached, at least in part, to the collar or collar region 22.
  • the body 20 may also include fasteners 28, such as laces 28a, eyelets 28b, and/or other structures such as hook and loop fastening straps, snaps, clips, etc. to adjustably and comfortably secure the foot within the shoe 10.
  • the shoe 10 may also include a footbed 30 that is configured to receive the wearer's foot within the interior cavity 24.
  • a footbed 30 may be used in accordance with the present invention, including custom orthotics, sockliners, etc.; although specially constructed footbeds as discussed herein may also be employed.
  • the footbed 30 may be formed from resilient materials such as ethyl vinyl acetate ("EVA”) and polyurethane PU foams or other such materials commonly used in shoe midsoles, insoles or sockliners.
  • EVA ethyl vinyl acetate
  • the footbed 30 may be fabricated using multiple material layers, regions and/or segments, which may each have a different thickness and/or a different rigidity.
  • the footbed 30 may comprise multiple layers of different rigidity.
  • the footbed 30 may have different levels of rigidity in the forefoot, instep and heel regions, respectively.
  • the footbed 30 could also have a first segment about the first metatarsal of a first rigidity and a second segment about the fifth metatarsal of a second rigidity.
  • footbed rigidity can be adapted to footwear function.
  • FIG. 2(a) illustrates a partial cutaway view of the shoe 10, revealing chimneys 32 disposed along the sides of the body 20 and chimneys 34 disposed in the tongue 26.
  • FIGS. 2(b)-2(g) illustrate the chimneys 32 and 34 in more detail.
  • FIG. 2(b) illustrates an example of a body chimney structure 36 including multiple body chimneys 32 with portions of the upper 14 shown in outline form for the sake of clarity. As shown here, nine body chimneys 32 may be arranged in the chimney structure 36 along a side of the body 20. However, any number of body chimneys 32 may be used, including a single chimney. The specific number utilized, such as 2, 5, 10, 20, etc., may vary depending upon the type of footwear, the sizing of the footwear, and the chimney dimensions, which will be discussed in more detail below.
  • FIG. 2(c) illustrates a top view of a preferred body chimney structure 36, which includes a number of the body chimneys 32 in a set.
  • each individual body chimney 32 preferably includes first and second sidewalls 38a,b connected by a central portion 40 in a substantially semicircular arrangement.
  • the sidewalls 38a,b may be curved or arced to achieve the semicircular configuration, although any other geometrical configuration is possible.
  • Adjacent body chimneys 32 are connected by a wall 39.
  • the sidewalls 38a,b and the wall 39 may comprise a single integral structure or multiple components fastened together.
  • the substantially semicircular arrangement defines a pathway 42 having an opening 44 opposite the central portion 40.
  • the chimney structure 36 may include two rows of body chimneys 32 that share a common central portion 40, although a single row of body chimneys 32 can also be used.
  • FIG. 2(d) illustrates a perspective view of a segment of the chimney structure 36.
  • the central portion 40 preferably includes one or more openings 46 and one or more braces 48 therebetween. While not required, the openings 46, if used, act as passageways between the opposing rows of body chimneys 32.
  • the pathways 42 promote convective venting of heat and/or moisture upward away from the bottom of the shoe near the outsole 12, midsole 18, and/or the footbed 30 and toward the collar 22.
  • the openings 46 permit heat and/or moisture to move between pairs of the body chimneys 32. Specifically, hot and/or moist air may migrate from the interior row of body chimneys 32 out to the exterior row of body chimneys 32 via the openings 46.
  • the body chimneys 32 in this example are preferably positioned generally vertically along the body 20 and the collar 22 of the upper 14. Such a configuration promotes efficient migration of heat and/or moisture up from lower regions of the shoe 10.
  • the pathways 42 may be arched, angled, curved, s-shaped, etc (see FIGS. 14(a)-(e) ).
  • the body chimneys 32 are desirably positioned so that some or all of the pathways 42 have a first end 42a disposed along the upper 14 below the collar 22 and a second end 42b at or near the top of the collar 22 to evacuate heat and/or moisture out of the microclimate of the shoe 10.
  • the first end 42a is preferably positioned at or near the foot, more preferably at or below the ankle. While the ankle height differs for different people, the typical ankle height for an adult male is, for instance, less than about seven inches when measured relative the bottom or sole of the foot. Desirably, the first end 42a is placed as close to the footbed or the bottom/sole of the foot as possible. By way of example only, the first end 42a may be placed 1-2 inches or less from the bottom of the foot. More preferably, the opening at the first end 42a is less than one inch from the bottom of the foot. The opening 42a of the first end should be positioned above the insole, if any.
  • the opening 42a may be placed at the height of the ventilating insole. It is important that the second end 42b or other portion(s) of the pathway 42 higher than the first end 42a be exposed to the external climate to promote effective heat/moisture evacuation.
  • FIGS. 2(e)-(h) illustrate a set of tongue chimneys 34 in more detail.
  • the tongue chimneys 34 may include structures that are substantially equivalent to the body chimneys 32.
  • the tongue chimneys 34 may include includes first and second sidewalls 50a,b connected by a central portion 52 in a substantially semicircular arrangement, although any other geometrical configuration is possible.
  • the substantially semicircular arrangement defines a pathway 54 having an opening 56 opposite the central portion 52.
  • the tongue chimneys 34 may be arranged as a connected set in a chimney structure 60.
  • the chimney structure 60 may include two rows of tongue chimneys 34 that share a common central portion 52, although a single row can be used.
  • the central portion 52 of the tongue chimney 34 preferably includes one or more openings 62 and one or more braces 64 therebetween. While not required, the openings 62, if used, act as passageways between the opposing rows of tongue chimneys 34. As seen in FIGS. 2(e) and 2(h) , the pathways 54 promote conduction of heat and/or moisture away from the bottom of the upper 14 near the toe and instep regions and toward the upper part of the tongue 26. The openings 62 permit the heat and/or moisture to move between pairs of the tongue chimneys 34. For instance, hot and/or moist air may migrate from the inner row of tongue chimneys 34 out to the exterior row of tongue chimneys 34 via the openings 62.
  • the tongue chimneys or tongue vents 34 are preferably positioned to promote efficient migration of heat and/or moisture upward away from the front/toe region of the shoe 10.
  • the tongue chimneys 34 are desirably positioned so that each pathway 54 has a first end 68 disposed along the upper 14 in the front/toe region and a second end 70 at or near the top of the tongue 26 to evacuate heat and/or moisture out of the microclimate of the shoe 10.
  • the first end 68 is preferably positioned at or near the toes or the front portion of the foot. It is important that the second end 70 or other portion(s) higher than the first end 68 of the pathway 54 be exposed to the external climate, for instance at or near the top of the tongue 14, to promote effective heat/moisture evacuation.
  • each pathway 42 preferably faces inward towards the foot.
  • the opening 56 of each pathway 54 preferably faces inward towards the foot.
  • the pathway openings 44, 56 help promote air exchange between the shoe microclimate and the external climate, as seen in FIGS. 2(d) and 2(h) .
  • FIG. 3(a) illustrates an alternative body chimney structure 36'.
  • a material 72 is added to a top region of the body chimney structure 36'.
  • the material 72 is preferably adhered or otherwise affixed to the body chimneys 32 as shown or integrally formed therewith.
  • the material 72 desirably includes one or more openings 74, which align with the pathways 42 of the body chimneys 32.
  • FIG. 3(b) is a cross-sectional view of the body chimney structure 36' along line 3A-3A, which is taken through the wall 39 between adjacent chimneys 32.
  • FIG. 3(c) is a cross-sectional view of the body chimney structure 36' along line 3B-3B, which is taken through the pathway 42.
  • a liner 75 may cover at least part of the chimney structure 36'.
  • the liner 75 covers the side of the chimney structure 36' facing the interior of the shoe 10.
  • FIG. 3(d) is a cross-sectional view of the body chimney structure 36' along line 3C-3C.
  • the body chimney structure 36' may include two rows of oppositely facing body chimneys 32a and 32b.
  • the material 72 desirably faces the interior cavity 24 of the shoe 10, and can be used to provide cushioning for the wearer's leg.
  • the material 72 may include one or more layers of foam, such as PU or EVA and can vary in hardness.
  • FIG. 4(a) illustrates an alternative tongue chimney structure 60'.
  • a material 76 can be added to a top region of the tongue chimney structure 60 discussed above.
  • the material 76 is preferably adhered or otherwise affixed to the tongue chimneys 34.
  • the material 76 desirably includes one or more openings 78, which preferably substantially align with the pathways 54 of the tongue chimneys 34.
  • FIG. 4(b) is a cross-sectional view of the tongue chimney structure 60' along line 4A-4A, which is taken through the pathway 54. As seen here, the material 76 may only be on one side of the tongue chimney structure 60'.
  • FIG. 4(c) is a cross-sectional view of the tongue chimney structure 60' along line 4B-4B. As seen in this figure, the tongue chimney structure 60' may include two rows of oppositely facing tongue chimneys 34a,b.
  • the material 76 desirably faces the interior cavity 24 of the shoe 10, and can be used to provide cushioning for the wearer's leg.
  • the material 76 like the material 72, may include one or more layers of foam, such as PU or EVA.
  • FIG. 4(d) illustrates the cross-sectional view of FIG.
  • FIGS. 4(e)-(g) illustrate an alternative wherein one or both sides of the tongue chimney structure 60' or 60 are covered by a material 80.
  • the material 80 may be permanently or removably attached to the tongue chimney structure 60' or 60.
  • the material 80 comprises a first lining 80a, which faces the wearer's leg during use and a second lining 80b, which faces away from the leg during use.
  • the first lining 80a has one or more layers of material, preferably including at least one layer of wicking material in immediate exposure to the shoe microclimate.
  • the second lining 80b has one or more layers of material, preferably including at least one layer of non-wicking material, such as a mesh.
  • the mesh could comprise one or more layers of coated nylon, polyester, and/or cotton.
  • the second lining 80b may also include a pocket 82, which may be disposed at or near the top of the lining.
  • the pocket 82 is preferably sized to permit the wearer to store at least a segment of the laces therein.
  • the pocket 82 may be formed of a stretch mesh or other suitable material.
  • the pocket 82 may comprise nylon, synthetic leather, or, preferably, a non woven material with an elongation value of at least 150%.
  • FIGS. 5(a)-(e) illustrate cross sections of alternative chimney structures suitable for use in alternative embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5(a) presents a chimney structure 100 that may comprise one or more substantially square-shaped chimneys 102.
  • the chimneys 102 may be formed by supports 104 having substantially parallel sidewalls 106 that are connected to a wall 108.
  • the supports 104 and the wall 108 may be integrally formed, for example, by a molding process. In this configuration, width 110 and depth 112 are substantially the same.
  • FIG. 5(b) presents a chimney structure 120 that may comprise one or more substantially rectangular-shaped chimneys 122.
  • the chimneys 122 may be formed by supports 124 having substantially parallel sidewalls 126 that are connected to a wall 128.
  • the supports 124 and the wall 128 may be integrally formed in a molding process. In this configuration, width 130 and depth 132 are different.
  • chimney structure 140 may comprise one or more chimneys 142 formed by connecting substantially rounded or circular supports 144 to a wall 146.
  • the wall 146 may include one or more holes 148.
  • the supports 144 and the wall 146 may be integrally formed by a molding process.
  • the holes 148 may be disposed partly or substantially along the length of the chimney structure 140.
  • the holes 148 may run substantially the length of the pathways 42 from the first end 42a to the second end 42b.
  • the holes 148 permit the chimney structure 140 to flex or bend without compromising the ability of the chimneys 142 to vent heat and/or moisture.
  • FIG. 5(d) illustrates additional support structures that may be used in accordance with aspects of the present invention to create different chimney configurations.
  • Each of the chimneys in this figure is preferably connected to a wall 160, which functions as the back of the chimney.
  • chimney 162a is formed by adjacent trapezoid-shaped supports 164.
  • An equivalent shape- is achieved with chimney 162b having one trapezoid-shaped support 164 on one side and a parallelogram-shaped support 166 on the other side. Placing two parallelogram-shaped supports 166 adjacent to one another forms a parallelogram-shaped chimney 168.
  • Chimneys 170, 172, 174 and 176 are obtained by placing substantially oval-shaped supports 178,180 and rounded rectangular-shaped supports 182,184 in the positions shown in the figure.
  • many other chimney shapes can easily be achieved by using supports and adjacent wall members of varying geometrical shapes.
  • the key criterion is that the chimney pathways have sufficient cross-sectional area to permit adequate heat/moisture conduction.
  • the pathways of such chimneys need not be entirely or substantially straight. Instead, they may be angled, curved, arched, s-shaped, etc., at one or more sections along their length.
  • FIG. 5(e) illustrates a cross sectional view of a chimney structure 190 having a first wall 192a, a second wall 192b and supports 194 disposed therebetween to form chimneys 196.
  • the chimneys 196 preferably include one or more openings 198 in one or both of the walls 192a,b.
  • the openings 198 are preferably formed at the first and second ends 42a,42b of the pathways 42. Additional openings 198 may be positioned similar to the openings 46 shown in FIGS. 2(d),(e) . Additional openings 198 are particularly suitable when two parallel rows of chimneys 196 are used, such as those described above with respect to FIGS. 2(c) and 3(d) . If used, such additional openings 198 may act as passageways between the rows of chimneys 196.
  • While the chimney structures in the embodiments presented above illustrate multiple chimneys along the body 20 and collar 22 of the upper 14 or along the tongue 26, other embodiments of the present invention contemplate the use of a single chimney, which may be positioned anywhere within the upper 14. Alternatively, one chimney may be positioned adjacent to each side and/or the rear or front of the foot within the upper 14.
  • a first end of the chimney should be open at or near the foot bed region, for instance below ankle level or as close to the bottom of the foot as possible.
  • a second end or portion of the chimney should be open to the external climate.
  • the chimneys of the present invention may be incorporated into footwear in different ways.
  • body chimneys and/or tongue chimneys may be integral with the upper 14, or may be removably coupled to the upper 14 as separate components.
  • Chimneys can be molded or otherwise inserted into the interior walls of a shoe. While chimneys could be positioned in a number of layers of an article of footwear, it is most preferable to position at least some of the chimneys in one or more layers as close to the foot as possible in order to reduce the distance that heat and moisture generated from the foot have to travel before evacuation via the chimneys. Convective air movement facilitates evaporation and other forms of cooling.
  • the chimneys are formed by molding a foam layer and then covering the foam layer with a comfortable lining material. Additional examples of chimney materials are discussed below.
  • Chimneys are desirably constructed of a geometry that provides a sufficient surface against the foot and ankle to prevent discomfort and pinching, for example, from sharp edges and high pressure areas through the reduction of surface area between the foot and shoe.
  • convection is the primary mechanism guiding air movement from inside the microclimate of the shoe to the outside environment, the evacuation of warm, moist air occurs without requiring user intervention or mechanical devices when employing chimneys in accordance with the present invention.
  • Convective currents become more powerful as the relative temperature difference between two objects increases.
  • foot temperature and internal shoe temperature remain relatively low.
  • foot temperature and in-shoe temperature can increase very rapidly. The increase in temperature creates a correspondingly increased thermal gradient between the in-shoe microclimate and the external environment, which creates stronger convection currents and greater heat and humidity evacuation from the shoe. Pumps or other mechanical apparatus are thus unnecessary.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a boot 200 having an outsole 202 and an upper 204.
  • the outsole 202 may include a tread 206 on the bottom thereof.
  • a region 208 connects the outsole 202 to the upper 204.
  • the upper 204 includes a body 210 as well as a collar 212, which defines an opening that enables a wearer to insert his or her foot into an interior cavity of the upper 204.
  • the upper 204 includes a tongue 214.
  • the body 210 includes laces 216 and eyelets 218.
  • the body 210 includes a body chimney structure 220 having multiple chimneys 222 having pathways 224 therein.
  • the body chimney structure 220 is preferably same as the body chimney structure 36, although any chimneys and chimney structures in accordance with the present invention may be employed in the boot 200.
  • the body chimney structure 220 is shown having openings 226 near the ends of the pathways 224 along the collar 212.
  • the body chimney structure 220 may include opposing rows of body chimneys 222 (such as are body chimneys 32 a,b of FIG. 3(d) ), with one row facing inward towards the wearer's foot and the other row facing in the opposite direction. However, a single row can also be employed.
  • the portion of the body chimney structure 220 along the collar 212 provides venting to the external climate.
  • Other portions of the body chimney structure 220 are shown being covered by a layer of material 228.
  • the material layer 228 is preferably leather or a leather/fabric combination. This material layer may be substantially non-permeable to heat and/or moisture. In this case, it is particularly desirable for the body chimney structure 220 to include the openings 226 positioned at or near the collar 212 above the material layer 228 to enhance ventilation.
  • the tongue 214 preferably includes a tongue chimney structure 230.
  • the tongue chimney structure 230 is preferably same as the tongue chimney structure 60 or 60', although any chimneys and chimney structures in accordance with the present invention may be employed in the boot 200.
  • the exterior of the tongue chimney structure 230 is shown being covered by a material 232, which is preferably the same as the material 80 discussed above with regard to FIGS. 4(e)-(g) .
  • a pocket 234 may also be included is also shown as part of the material 232. The pocket 234 is designed to permit the wearer to store the laces 216 therein.
  • FIG. 7(a) illustrates a boot 300 similar to the boot 200 of FIG. 6 .
  • the boot 300 includes an outsole 302 and an upper 304.
  • the outsole 302 may include a tread 306 on the bottom thereof.
  • a region 308 connects the outsole 302 to the upper 304.
  • the upper 304 includes a body 310 as well as a collar 312, which defines an opening that enables a wearer to insert his or her foot into an interior cavity of the upper 304.
  • the upper 304 includes a tongue 314.
  • the body 210 includes laces 316 and eyelets 318.
  • the body 310 includes a body chimney structure 320 having multiple chimneys 322 having pathways 324 therein.
  • the body chimney structure 320 is preferably same as the body chimney structure 220, although any chimneys and chimney structures in accordance with the present invention may be employed with the boot 300.
  • the body chimney structure 320 is shown having openings 326 near the ends of the pathways 324 along the collar 312.
  • the body chimney structure desirably includes opposing rows of body chimneys 322 (such as the body chimneys 32a,b of FIG. 3(d) ), with one row facing inward towards the wearer's foot and the other row facing in the opposite direction. Alternatively, a single row may suffice.
  • the portion of the body chimney structure 320 along the collar 312 provides venting to the external climate.
  • Other portions of the body chimney structure 320 are shown being covered by a material 328.
  • the material 328 is preferably leather or a leather/fabric combination or any other commonly used material within footwear. This material may be substantially non-permeable to heat and/or moisture.
  • the material 328 desirably includes one or more openings 330. The openings may come in any shape desired, including, but not limited to the substantially triangular, trapezoidal, and oval shapes presented.
  • FIG. 7(b) illustrates a cross-sectional view of the body 310 along the 7A-7A line of FIG. 7(a) .
  • two rows of body chimneys 322 may be provided, with a first row 332a facing inward towards the wearer's foot and a second row 332b facing in the opposite direction.
  • the material 328 is preferably positioned adjacent to the second row 332b.
  • the material layer 328 may comprise multiple layers, including a material 334 that is a substantially waterproof membrane. More preferably, the material 334 comprises a substantially waterproof membrane capable of venting moisture from the shoe microclimate to the outside environment.
  • the material 334 may comprise an expanded PTFE material, such as the materials shown and described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,108,819 , 6,228,477 , 6,410,084 , 6,676,993 , and 6,854,603 , the entire disclosures of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein.
  • the material 334 preferably lies between the openings 330 and the body chimney structure 320.
  • One or more of the openings 326 of the body chimney structure 320 are desirably positioned facing the openings 330 to help promote venting.
  • the material layer 328 may also include an exterior structure 336, with the openings 330 therein.
  • the exterior structure 336 may be formed, for example, of PE or any of the commonly used materials in footwear such as leather, synthetic leather or a waterproof version of the same.
  • a covering 338 such as a highly porous material, e.g., mesh.
  • the covering 338 preferably covers the openings 330 as well as the exterior structure 336.
  • the tongue 314 preferably includes a tongue chimney structure 340, as shown in the exterior view of FIG. 7(c) .
  • the tongue chimney structure 340 may be the same as the tongue chimney structure 230, although any chimneys and chimney structures in accordance with the present invention may be employed.
  • FIG. 7(d) illustrates a cross-sectional view of the tongue chimney structure 340 along the 7B-7B line of FIG. 7(c) .
  • the tongue chimney structure 340 includes two rows of tongue chimneys 342, with a first row 342a facing inward towards the wearer's leg and a second row 342b facing in the opposite direction. Alternatively, a single row 342 may be employed.
  • the first row 342a is desirably covered by a material 344, which may comprise a wicking material for removing or pulling moisture away from the wearer's skin and/or away from a sock.
  • the second row 342b is desirably covered by a material 346, which may be a substantially waterproof membrane. More preferably, the material 346 comprises a substantially waterproof membrane capable of venting moisture from the shoe microclimate to the outside environment, such as the material 334 discussed above.
  • the membrane of the material 346 may include a tricot material, such as a monofilament tricot.
  • Exterior structure 348 preferably overlies the material 346. As seen in FIG. 7(c) , the exterior structure 348 may include one or more openings 350 therein. The openings 350 help promote the convective venting process. Additional openings 350' may be disposed on the vamp 352.
  • the exterior structure 348 may comprise the same material as the exterior structure 336 of the material layer 328.
  • a covering 354 may optionally overly the exterior structure 348.
  • the covering 354 is preferably the same material as the covering 338.
  • the covering 354 preferably covers the openings 350 as well as the exterior structure 348.
  • the covering 354 may also include a pocket 356, which is designed to permit the wearer to store the laces 316 therein.
  • FIG. 7(e) is a partial cutaway view illustrating the tongue 314 and the tongue chimney structure 340.
  • the tongue 314 may be formed of an outer layer 314a and an inner layer 314b.
  • the tongue chimney structure 340 is preferably removably insertable between the layers 314a,b.
  • the tongue chimney structure 340 may be permanently attached to one or both of the layers 314 a,b.
  • FIG. 7(f) is a cross-sectional view along the 7C-7C line of FIG. 7(e) .
  • the tongue chimney structure 340 may be substantially similar to the tongue chimney structure 60' of FIG. 4(a) .
  • a material 358 like the material 76, is preferably added to a top region of the tongue chimney structure 340.
  • the material 358 desirably provides cushioning for the wearer's leg.
  • the material 358 may include one or more layers of foam, such as PU, EVA, or latex, any of which may be of varying hardness.
  • the material 358 is preferably adhered or otherwise affixed to the tongue chimney structure 340.
  • FIG. 7(g) illustrates a cross-sectional view of the tongue chimney structure 340 as it would look within the boot 300 or other footwear.
  • FIG. 8(a) illustrates a boot 400, which includes an outsole 402 and an upper 404.
  • the outsole 402 may include a tread 406 on the bottom thereof.
  • a region 408 connects the outsole 402 to the upper 404.
  • the upper 404 includes a body 410 as well as a collar 412, which defines an opening that enables a wearer to insert his or her foot into an interior cavity of the upper 404.
  • the upper 404 includes a tongue 414.
  • the body 410 includes laces 416 and eyelets 418 for securing the foot within the boot 400.
  • the body 410 includes a body chimney structure 420 having one or more chimneys 422 having pathways 424 therein.
  • the body chimney structure 420 is preferably same as the body chimney structure 220, although any chimneys or chimney structures in accordance with the present invention may be employed with the body 400.
  • the body chimney structure 420 is shown having openings 426 near the ends of the pathways 424 along the collar 412.
  • the body chimney structure 420 desirably includes opposing rows of body chimneys 422, with one row facing inward towards the wearer's foot and the other row facing in the opposite direction. However, a single row can be used.
  • the portion of the body chimney structure 420 along the collar 412 provides venting to the external climate. Portions of the body chimney structure 420 are shown being covered by a material 428.
  • the material 428 is preferably leather or a leather/fabric combination, although other materials may be used.
  • the material 428 may be substantially waterproof.
  • the material 428 desirably includes one or more vents 430, which each may include one or more vent holes 430' thereon.
  • FIG. 8(b) illustrates a cross-sectional view of the body 410 along the 8A-8A line of FIG. 8(a) .
  • two rows of body chimneys 422 are provided, with a first row 432a facing inward towards the wearer's foot and a second row 432b facing in the opposite direction.
  • the material 428 is preferably positioned adjacent to the second row 432b.
  • the vents 430 in the material layer 428 may be formed by overlapping sections of adjacent material layers 428. This is akin to the overlapping scales on a shark.
  • the material layer 428 may comprise multiple layers, including a material 434 that is a substantially waterproof membrane. More preferably, the material 434 comprises a substantially waterproof membrane capable of venting moisture from the shoe microclimate to the outside environment, as described above with respect to the material 334.
  • the material 434 may comprise expanded polytetrafluroethylene.
  • the material 434 preferably lies between the vents 430 and the body chimney structure 420.
  • the material 434 helps prevent rain and other moisture from entering the microclimate of the boot 400, while permitting heat and sweat to vent out of the boot 400. At least some of the openings 426 and the pathways of the body chimney structure 420 are desirably positioned near the vents 430 to help promote venting.
  • the material layer 428 may also include a covering 436 such as a mesh overlying the material 434.
  • the vents 430 are desirably placed in an outermost layer of the material layer 428.
  • the tongue 414 preferably includes a tongue chimney structure 438, as shown in the exterior view of FIG. 8(c) .
  • the tongue chimney structure 438 may be the same as the tongue chimney structures 230 and 340, although any chimneys and chimney structures in accordance with the present invention may be employed.
  • One or more tongue chimneys can be used.
  • the tongue 414 may incorporate vents similar to the vents 430, it is more preferable to instead include one or more openings 440 to promote heat and moisture expulsion from within the boot 400.
  • FIG. 8(d) illustrates a cross-sectional view of the tongue chimney structure 438 along the 8B-8B line of FIG. 8(c) .
  • the tongue chimney structure 438 includes two rows of tongue chimneys 442, with a first row 442a facing inward towards the wearer's foot and a second row 442b facing in the opposite direction.
  • a single row can be used.
  • the first row 442a is desirably covered by a material 444, which may comprise a wicking material for removing or pulling moisture away from the wearer's skin and/or away from a sock.
  • the second row 442b is desirably covered by a material 446, which may be a substantially waterproof membrane. More preferably, the material 446 comprises a substantially waterproof membrane capable of venting moisture from the shoe microclimate to the outside environment, such as the material 334 discussed above.
  • the membrane of the material 446 may include a tricot material, such as a monofilament tricot.
  • a covering 448 may optionally overly the material 446.
  • the covering 448 is preferably a non-wicking material that may be the same material as the covering 338 or the covering 354.
  • the covering 448 preferably underlies the openings 440.
  • An outermost material layer 450 overlies the covering 448, the material 446, and the tongue chimney structure 438.
  • the openings 440 are formed in the outermost material layer 450.
  • one or more pathways of the tongue chimney structure 438 are positioned directly behind an opening 440 to promote venting.
  • a gusset 452 may be attached to the tongue 414 adjacent or near to the end of the tongue chimney structure 438.
  • the gusset 452 may be sewn or otherwise connected at one end thereof to the outermost material layer 450.
  • the other end of the gusset 452 connects the upper 404 to the tongue 414.
  • the connection or attachment to the upper 404 may be at a height up to and including the collar.
  • the gusset 452 may comprise any material, preferably a stretchable material.
  • a lining 454 may be placed behind the gusset 452.
  • the lining 454 preferably comprises a waterproof membrane, with or without a monofilament tricot. In a preferred embodiment, the lining 454 is a continuation of the material 446.
  • FIG. 8 (e) is a partial see-through view of the boot 400 with an outermost portion of the material layer 428 omitted for clarity.
  • the body chimneys 422 of the body chimney structure 420 can cover the most or all of the length of the body 410 and the collar 412 of the upper 404.
  • the body chimneys 422 span the length from the heel of the foot up to the ball of the foot, and from the footbed of the boot 400 to the collar 412.
  • the vents 430 may be positioned at any location along the body chimney structure 420. While not necessary, rows of the vents 430 are preferably angled with an angle ⁇ relative to the pathways of the chimneys 422. The angle ⁇ is preferably between 15° and 75°.
  • vents 430 are generally or substantially perpendicular to the pathways of the chimneys 422, for example, with ⁇ being at least 60°.
  • the tongue chimney structure 438 is also shown in FIG. 8(e) , wherein the tongue chimneys 442 have pathways running from the toe region of the upper 404 up to the top portion of the tongue 414.
  • FIG. 9 (a) illustrates a boot 500 that is similar to the boot 300 of FIG. 7(a) .
  • the boot 500 includes an outsole 502 and an upper 504.
  • the outsole 502 may include a tread 506 on the bottom thereof.
  • a region 508 connects the outsole 502 to the upper 504.
  • the upper 504 includes a body 510 as well as a collar 512, which defines an opening that enables a wearer to insert his or her foot into an interior cavity of the upper 504.
  • the upper 504 includes a tongue 514.
  • the body 510 includes laces 516 and eyelets 518.
  • the body 510 includes a body chimney structure 520 having one or more chimneys 522 having pathways 524 therein.
  • the body chimney structure 520 is preferably same as the body chimney structure 220 described above, although any chimneys and chimney structures in accordance with the present invention may be employed.
  • the body chimney structure 520 is shown having openings 526 near the ends of the pathways 524 along the collar 512.
  • the body chimney structure desirably includes opposing rows of body chimneys 522, with one row facing inward towards the wearer's foot and the other row facing in the opposite direction. A single chimney or row of chimneys can also be used.
  • the portion of the body chimney structure 520 along the collar 512 provides venting to the external climate. Portions of the body chimney structure 520 are shown being covered by a material 528.
  • the material 528 preferably comprises PE, although other materials may be used.
  • the material 528 desirably includes one or more openings 530. The openings may come in any shape desired, including, but not limited to the substantially triangular, trapezoidal, and oval shapes presented.
  • FIG. 9(b) illustrates a cross-sectional view of the body 510 along the 9A-9A line of FIG. 9(a) .
  • two rows of body chimneys 522 may be provided, with a first row 532a facing inward towards the wearer's foot and a second row 532b facing in the opposite direction.
  • the material 528 is preferably positioned adjacent to the second row 532b.
  • the material 528 may comprise multiple layers; however, unlike the material 328 of FIG. 7(b) , the material 528 does not include a substantially waterproof membrane.
  • a covering 534 Overlying the exterior structure/PE layer 533 of the material 528 is a covering 534, such as bug netting.
  • the covering 534 preferably covers material 528 well as the openings 530.
  • One or more of the openings 526 of the body chimney structure 520 are desirably positioned facing the openings 530 to help promote venting through the covering 534.
  • the tongue 514 preferably includes a tongue chimney structure 536, as shown in the exterior view of FIG. 9(c) .
  • the tongue chimney structure 536 may be the same as the tongue chimney structures 230 or 340, although any chimneys and chimney structures in accordance with the present invention may be employed.
  • FIG. 7(d) illustrates a cross-sectional view of the tongue chimney structure 536 along the 9B-9B line of FIG. 9(c) .
  • the tongue chimney structure 536 includes two rows of tongue chimneys 538, with a first row 538a facing inward towards the wearer's foot and a second row 538b facing in the opposite direction, although a single tongue chimney or row of chimneys can be used.
  • the first row 538a is desirably covered by a material 540, which may comprise a wicking material for removing or pulling moisture away from the wearer's skin and/or away from a sock.
  • a material 540 which may comprise a wicking material for removing or pulling moisture away from the wearer's skin and/or away from a sock.
  • the tongue 514 need not covered by a waterproof membrane.
  • an exterior structure 542 preferably overlies the tongue chimney structure 536.
  • the exterior structure 542 may include one or more openings 544 therein. Additional openings 544' may be disposed on the tongue vamp 546 below where the tongue chimney structure 536 is positioned.
  • the exterior structure 542 preferably comprises PE, although other materials may be used. Referring back to FIG.
  • a covering 548 may optionally overly the exterior structure 542.
  • the covering 548 is preferably the same material as the covering 338 or the covering 354.
  • the covering 548 preferably covers the openings 544 and 544' as well as the exterior structure 542.
  • FIGS. 9(e)-(h) illustrate alternative placement of the body chimneys 32 and tongue chimneys 34 in a shoe.
  • the view of FIG. 9(e) shows the interior of the body 20, which may be a removable insert.
  • the interior of the body 20 may include one or more regions 545, which may be padded or otherwise cushioned to minimize irritation of the wearer's foot or leg.
  • the regions 545 may be oval shaped and placed about the ankle.
  • the ankle regions 545 may be recesses in the chimney structure, padding such as a soft foam material, or a combination of both. Thus, chafing or irritation of the ankle is avoided.
  • FIG. 9(f) illustrates a cutaway of the tongue 26 along line 9C - 9C of FIG. 9(e) .
  • FIGS. 9(g)(1) and 9(g)(2) illustrate the exterior and interior of the tongue 26 of FIG. 9(e) , respectively.
  • FIG. 9(h) illustrates the back/heel portion of the upper 14 with a pair of body chimneys 32 therein.
  • the tongue chimneys 34 are omitted for the sake of clarity.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate two such alternative chimney types. Specifically, FIGS. 10(a)-(c) illustrate a ridged or waffle-like chimney structure 600 having numerous individual chimneys 602 providing pathways to vent heat and moisture. As best seen in FIG. 10(a) , the waffle-like chimney structure 600 includes alternating sets of opposing chimneys 602a and 602b. The side and perspective views of FIGS. 10(b)-(c) show the chimneys 602 having numerous openings 604 disposed there along.
  • the openings 604 permit supplemental venting out of the interior microclimate as heat and moisture are convectively channeled up the chimneys 602.
  • the chimney structure 600 may comprise PE, but any low density foam can be used.
  • the PE or other foam may be compression molded, milled, or fabricated by any other method that exists now or in future.
  • FIG. 11 is an electron micrograph of a reticulated foam structure 620.
  • the reticulated foam structure 620 may be, for example, PE, PU, EVA, or any foam having an amorphous structure.
  • the reticulated foam structure can be molded to form chimneys in accordance with many of the embodiments described above, including, but not limited to the chimneys illustrated in FIGS. 2-5 .
  • the porous structure of the reticulated foam promotes enhanced venting of moisture out from the shoe.
  • the chimneys described in the embodiments above are generally applicable to all manner of footwear.
  • foot coverings designed to snugly fit about the wearer's foot, such as socks create special needs that should be addressed in order to effectively vent heat and moisture.
  • conformal or form-fitting foot coverings is the need for comfort.
  • the chimneys are structures described above may be used, if the chimney structure is too rigid or firm, it will likely be uncomfortable to the wearer. However, if the chimney structure is too soft or pliable, the pathways of the chimneys will collapse and prevent heat and moisture evacuation. Therefore, the chimney structure should be capable of retaining its venting abilities even after repeated cleanings.
  • FIG. 12(a) illustrates an elasticized chimney structure 700 for use with form-fitting footwear such as socks or leggings.
  • the elasticized chimney structure 700 has supports 702 connected to one another by braces 704.
  • the supports 702 are preferably substantially parallel to one another. While shown as elongated cylinders or tubes, the supports 702 may have any other cross-sectional shape.
  • Individual chimneys 706 are formed by an adjacent pair of the supports 702 and attendant braces 704. One or more chimneys 706 may be provided.
  • Covers 708 and/or 710 may be placed on either side of the chimneys 706.
  • the covers 708 and 710 are preferably formed of an elastic material, for instance, lycra, mesh, or a fabric with elastic properties. This allows movement, airflow and comfort. If used, the covers 708 and 710 are preferably connected to the supports 702 on the outsides of the braces 704.
  • FIGS. 12(b) and 12(c) illustrate the elasticized chimney structure 700 in compressed and stretched positions, respectively.
  • the braces 704 are preferably positioned at an angle ⁇ relative to the supports 702.
  • the angle ⁇ is preferably between 22° and 67°. More preferably, at rest, the angle ⁇ is approximately 45°, such as between 40° and 50°.
  • the angle ⁇ may become close to 90°, for example at least 67°.
  • stretched the angle ⁇ may become close to 0°, for example less than 22°.
  • the elasticized chimney structure 700 may be at rest in a substantially compressed state, wherein the angle ⁇ is preferably less than 37°.
  • the angle ⁇ may be between 30° and 75°.
  • the braces 704 may be mostly or completely perpendicular to the supports 702, and the angle ⁇ may be between 75° and 90°.
  • FIGS. 12(g) and 12(h) illustrate perspective and top views of the elasticized chimney structure 700 with the covers 708 and 710 omitted.
  • FIG. 12(i) illustrates a single support 702 with alternating columns of braces 704a,b thereon.
  • FIG. 12(j) illustrates the elasticized chimney structure 700 along the 12A-12A line of FIG. 12(g) . Heat and/or moisture are vented along the chimney 706 around the braces 704 as seen by the arrow in the figure.
  • FIG. 13(a) illustrates a sock 720 incorporating a chimney structure such as the chimney structure 700, therein.
  • the sock 720 includes a sock body 722 and a collar 724 attached thereto.
  • the sock body 722 includes a heel region 726, a sole region 728, and a toe region 730, and may include an outer covering 732 over the chimney structure.
  • the outer covering 732 may comprise the cover 708 or 710 discussed above.
  • the outer covering 732 may comprise a waterproof material.
  • an inner lining (not shown) may overlie the interior surface of the chimney structure 700 and may directly contact the foot. In this case, the inner lining preferably permits heat and moisture to escape away from the foot and into the chimneys 706.
  • the collar 724 includes an opening 734 at a first end thereof for receiving the foot.
  • the collar 724 is preferably formed of a breathable material which can be flexible and/or elastic.
  • the height of the collar 724 and/or the height of the body 722 may vary depending on the type of sock or legging, e.g., crew sock, running sock, skiing sock, tube sock. By way of example only, the height of the collar 724 may be on the order of 40 mm and the height of the body may be on the order of 90 mm.
  • the collar 724 typically is positioned at or above the ankle.
  • the chimneys 706 of the chimney structure 700 desirably extend at least partly into the collar 724, and may extend all the way to the top of the collar 724.
  • the sock 720 may include a scree skirt 736.
  • the scree skirt 736 may be disposed at or near the wearer's ankle, and may delineate the transition between the sock body 722 and the collar 724.
  • the scree skirt 736 helps prevent rocks, dust, and other debris from entering the shoe and causing discomfort to the wearer.
  • the scree skirt 736 may include a pocket 738 to hold the laces of the shoe.
  • the pocket is preferably a rubberized stretch pocket that can be formed using mesh or other suitable materials.
  • FIG. 13(b) illustrates the sock 720 with the outer covering 732, scree skirt 736 and collar 724 in outline form.
  • the elasticized chimney structure 700 is shown as being generally arced, angled, or "L" shaped, although the elasticized chimney structure 700 may conform to any shape of the wearer's foot and/or leg.
  • the elasticized chimney structure 700 may be open at the toe region 730 of the sock 720. Alternatively, the chimney structure 700 may extend fully into the toe region 730, and may partially or completely surround the wearer's toes.
  • FIG. 13(c) illustrates an exploded view of the chimney structure 700 and adjacent components.
  • An inner lining 740 may be disposed between the chimney structure 700 and the wearer's foot. If used, the inner lining 740 preferably includes one or more layers of wicking material for removing sweat from the foot.
  • An outer lining 742 may be disposed opposite the inner lining on the other side of the chimney structure remote from the foot. The outer lining may be the same or a different layer than the outer covering.
  • the outer lining may include one or more layers of material.
  • a first layer 744 immediately adjacent to the chimney structure may comprise a PU film.
  • a second layer 746 covering the first layer may comprise a non-wicking jersey material such as LYCRA ® brand synthetic fiber material.
  • the chimney structure 700, inner lining 740 and/or outer lining 742 may be integral with or removable from the sock or legging 720.
  • the chimney structure 700, the inner lining 740 and the outer lining 742 are all integrally formed as part of the sock 720.
  • the outer covering 732 comprises the outer lining 742, and the chimney structure 700 and the inner lining 740 are removably insertable into the outer covering 732.
  • the chimney structure 700 and the inner lining 740 may be integrally formed or may comprise separate components.
  • FIG. 13(d) illustrates an exemplary cutaway view from the collar to the heel region along the 13A-13A line of FIG. 13(a) .
  • the inner lining 740 is positioned on one side of the chimney structure 700 and the collar material and heel region material are positioned on the other side of the chimney structure 700.
  • the outer lining 742 may include multiple sections of material, which may include different materials in the collar 724, the heel region 726, the sole region 728, and/or the toe region 730.
  • the arrows in FIG. 13(e) illustrate how heat and/or moisture are directionally vented out of the sock 720 by the chimneys 706.
  • testing was conducted using SATRA standard tests. Specifically, the AMM testing discussed above was performed using SATRA Test Method 376dV. The tests were conducted on footwear implementing chimneys in accordance with aspects of the invention. Testing compared the effects of the chimneys in various footwear structures against a control structure without chimneys. Testing simulated the generation of heat and sweat by the foot in a shoe, quantifying the distribution of sweat output by absorption (e.g., absorption by the skin, sock, footbed, shoe upper, etc.), evaporation, and energy usage.
  • absorption e.g., absorption by the skin, sock, footbed, shoe upper, etc.
  • Moisture management testing was conducted under the same laboratory conditions discussed above with regard to Tables 5 and 6.
  • the external environment was maintained at 20° C and 65% relative humidity.
  • a simulated foot was used to conduct the test.
  • the simulated foot was covered in a simulated skin membrane.
  • a sock having the composition 42% cotton, 14.5% spandex, 21.5% nylon, and 22% polyester was placed on simulated foot and inserted in shoe under test.
  • the foot was maintained at a temperature of 34°C with a nominal sweat rate of 5mL/hr.
  • a constant airspeed of 2 m/s was maintained across the shoe during the test.
  • FIG. 14(a) illustrates the three chimney structure inserts and the shoe they were used with.
  • FIG. 14 (b) illustrates another view of the chimney inserts.
  • Table 8 Boot Description Skin Gain Sock Gain Shoe Gain w/ Footbed Footbed Uptake Evaporated Loss Energy Used (g) (g) (g) (g) (kJ) Molded fabric with poured PU 0.41 3.97 4.97 1.38 5.65 56.6 Compression molded EVA with a sprayed flocking 0.57 4.57 5.42 1.34 4.45 54.4 Compression molded EVA with a fabric laminate 0.71 4.78 4.35 1.40 5.17 56.6
  • Table 9 illustrates the chimney hardness moisture accumulation and evaporation test results.
  • Table 9 Chimney Hardness Skin Gain (g) Sock Gain (g) Shoe Gain w/ Footbed (g) Footbed Uptake (g) Evaporated Loss (g) Energy Used (kJ) 10 0.85 4.79 4.67 1.72 4.69 52.1 20 0.72 4.44 4.15 1.69 5.70 51.0 30 0.75 4.63 4.43 1.78 5.20 51.3
  • chimneys with an Asker C hardness on the order of 20 offered an improvement over similar chimneys with different hardness.
  • the chimneys desirably have a harness of between 25 and 35 Asker C.
  • chimneys in accordance with the present invention have proven to provide superior ventilation, allowing warm air to rise out of the boot and carry moisture away.
  • a variety of chimney widths can be used. Construction type, materials, footwear design and end use play a role in the optimal placement and dimensions of channels. Testing has proven that evaporation and the removal of moisture increases as chimney width increases. This results in dryer socks and skin and, in general terms, increased comfort.
  • Chimneys may be incorporated into all types of footwear, including but not limited to protective footwear, in varying geometries and placements.
  • Channels incorporated into the tongue area of a boot or other shoe may be wider than channels incorporated into the heel area.
  • One reason is that there are more sweat glands located on the top of the foot than in the heel.
  • Another reason is that air circulation from the medial and lateral surface areas of the foot benefit greatly from placement of wider channels on the tongue to allow for enhanced overall evaporation of moisture.
  • a variety of materials can be used for construction of the chimneys such as PU and EVA foams as well as polymer gels. Additionally, a variety of liner materials can be used to enhance the moisture management, the heat transfer process and/or provide additional insulation, comfort or protection. Synthetic materials such as spandex, nylon, polyester, polypropylene or natural fibers such as wool can be used as lining material. In most cases, the traditional materials used for footwear manufacturing do not need to be altered in order to incorporate the current invention. The only requirement is that one of the layers includes a material that can be molded into a shape that forms a chimney. Moldable materials, such as moldable foams and plastics commonly used in contemporary footwear, may be utilized.
  • FIGS. 15(a)-(f) illustrate an exemplary footbed 800 that may be used in conjunction with the chimneys of the present invention.
  • the footbed 800 includes a toe region 802, a sole region 804 and a heel region 806.
  • the regions of the footbed 800 are preferably formed with multiple layers.
  • Bottom plate 808 preferably contacts the bottom of the inside of a shoe, and may rest on a midsole, an insole or the outsole depending upon the construction of the shoe.
  • the bottom plate 808 is desirably formed of TPU, although other materials or combinations of materials can be used.
  • a heel cup 810 is preferably disposed over the bottom plate 808 at least along the heel region 806.
  • the heel cup 810 may extend forward into the sole region 804.
  • the heel cup 810 may comprise EVA foam or other material.
  • the bottom plate 808 and the heel cup 810 may be cemented and compression molded together during fabrication.
  • the airflow chassis 812 Overlying the bottom plate 808 and the optional heel cup 810 is an airflow chassis 812.
  • the airflow chassis 812 preferably comprises a mesh-like material such as nylon, plastic, polyester, etc.
  • the porous structure of the airflow chassis 812 enables heat and moisture to vent away from the foot.
  • the airflow chassis 812 may include a top liner 814, a bottom liner 816, or both.
  • the hardness of the material of the airflow chassis 812 is between 40-70 on the Asker C scale. More preferably, the hardness is between 50-55 on the Asker C scale.
  • the airflow chassis 812 may be cemented or otherwise affixed to the bottom plate 808 and the heel cup 810.
  • the bottom plate 808 may include one or more longitudinal openings 818, which may be in the toe region 802, the sole region 804, and/or the heel region 806.
  • the bottom plate 808 may also include one or more transverse openings 820, which may intersect the longitudinal opening 818.
  • the airflow chassis 812 preferably includes a lip 822 which overhangs the bottom plate 808.
  • FIG. 15(d) illustrates a cross-sectional view of the footbed 800 with a foot placed thereon.
  • the arrows in the cross-sectional view illustrate how air is expelled outwards towards the sides of the footbed 800.
  • the footbed 800 is capable of directing hot, moist air near the bottom of the foot towards the chimney pathways.
  • the heel cup 810 desirably includes exterior perforations 824.
  • the exterior perforations 824 preferably extend around the perimeter of the heel cup 810.
  • Interior perforations 826 may also be provided in the heel cup 810.
  • the interior perforations 826 preferably extend completely through the heel cup 810 and the bottom plate 808 as well.
  • the exterior and interior perforations 824, 826 further enable the footbed 800 to transfer hot, moist air away from the foot.
  • footbed 800 is preferably used in combination with chimneys and chimney structures as disclosed herein, it is possible to utilize the footbed 800 without chimneys. In this case, the footbed 800 will provide the benefit of air circulation under and around the foot.
  • the footbed 800 could be used with footwear that may not lend itself to the use of chimneys.
  • open-toed sandals or similar structures may not derive substantial benefit from large chimney structures; however, the footbed 800 would still be quite suitable in this situation.
  • the footbed may be removable or permanently secured to an article of footwear.
  • the present invention was developed, in part, to enhance the natural processes of sweating and evaporation that the body uses to regulate temperature, thus breaking the traditional, unsuccessful compromise that exists today in conventional footwear.
  • chimneys in accordance with various embodiments of the invention in the sidewalls and tongue portions of the footwear, or in the foot covering worn with or without such footwear, these natural processes are effectively promoted to ensure a more consistent range of temperature, moisture and comfort.
  • Testing of various embodiments of the invention has proven that chimneys are an effective means of temperature regulation without interfering with the integrity of the particular protective characteristics of the shoe, such as waterproofing, insulation, durability, support, etc.
  • An air permeable footbed for example a mesh footbed, can also be used in conjunction with the chimneys and structures discussed herein to further promote airflow around the foot.
  • chimneys of various geometries can effectively vent heat and moisture from footwear.
  • the different geometries can be mixed and matched within a given shoe to optimize ventilation and to enhance comfort.
  • the chimneys may be squared, rounded, rectangular or mixed.
  • the chimneys may be open on one or both sides. They may be substantially vertical, or angled, arched, s-shaped, curved, etc.
  • a covering, if used, can be a breathable, wicking material, such as mesh.
  • an open channel may be suitable, or a covered channel may be preferred.
  • the chimney or chimney structure may be a removable insert, providing interchangeability depending on the type of activity, the external environment, etc.
  • the wearer may replace a chimney or chimney structure for cleaning.
  • the in shoe chimney or chimney structure may be exchanged for another chimney or chimney structure having different characteristics or parameters.
  • the wearer could select the chimney or chimney structure to have a particular cross-sectional area, shape, material, etc. based upon environmental conditions, a sport or activity, or a personal preference.
  • Footwear can be constructed in such a way as to provide an upper and bottom that can receive a variety of inserts depending on activity and climate requirements.
  • a hiking boot with a leather or synthetic upper that has been combined with a breathable, waterproof membrane such as a hydrophobic PTFE may be purchased with two channel inserts.
  • One insert can be used for warm weather and is made of low density foam with perforations for ventilation (e.g., holes or slits).
  • the foam may be laminated with a lightweight breathable material (e.g., polyester, spandex, nylon, polypropylene or blend) that is appropriate given the climate requirements and promotes heat and moisture transfer/evaporation that is needed to assist in regulating the microclimate within the shoe.
  • a lightweight breathable material e.g., polyester, spandex, nylon, polypropylene or blend
  • the second insert may be preferable in cold, wet weather conditions and can be made of foam having a higher density than the first insert.
  • This foam insert can be laminated to an insulating material such as wool, fleece, and/or a non-woven batting material to provide insulation from the external climate while the chimneys regulate heat and moisture transfer/evaporation to provide a more constant and comfortable internal microclimate.
  • the chimneys and chimney structures disclosed herein may be incorporated into all manner of footwear, such as shoes, and foot coverings such as socks and leggings, and can also be incorporated into apparel such as gloves, pants, shirts, jackets, hats, helmets, etc.
  • PU chimneys may be incorporated into the sock material, for example placed between two layers of a wicking breathable material such as polyester, which allows for the evaporative moisture loss enhanced by convection.
  • the sock could be worn with conventional shoes, or could also be worn with shoes incorporating chimney structures themselves.
  • a wide variety of materials can be used to achieve the chimneys of the present invention.
  • Materials such as reticulated foam may be used to form chimneys, and the porous structure can enhance ventilation.
  • the materials can be molded and formed appropriately to the design of the footwear. For example, foam materials can be exposed in surface areas on the upper and/or the top opening of the shoe remains open or exposed to allow for ventilation of heat.
  • the present invention enjoys wide industrial applicability including, but not limited to, footwear having chimney structures for ventilating the wearer's feet, which can be used in all manner of shoes and in a wide variety of activities and conditions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Structure de cheminée (36) (60) destinée à être utilisée dans un article chaussant (10), ledit article chaussant (10) comprenant une semelle extérieure (12), une empeigne (14) reliée à la semelle extérieure, l'empeigne définissant une cavité (24) destinée à recevoir un pied d'un porteur ;
    ladite structure de cheminée comprenant une pluralité de cheminées (32) (34) définissant des passages permettant d'évacuer de la chaleur ou de l'humidité par convection depuis l'intérieur de la cavité (24) vers l'extérieur de l'article chaussant lorsque la structure de cheminée est utilisée dans ledit article chaussant (10), les cheminées comprenant une paire de parois latérales (38a,b) (50a,b), une paroi terminale (40) (52) disposée entre la paire de parois latérales, et un côté ouvert (44) (56) opposé à la paroi terminale, le côté ouvert étant tourné vers la cavité et généralement disposé à côté du pied du porteur pendant le port lorsque la structure de cheminée est utilisée dans ledit article chaussant, le côté ouvert s'étendant à partir d'une première extrémité (42a) (70) adjacente au pied vers une deuxième extrémité (42b) (68) adjacente à une partie supérieure de l'empeigne, caractérisée en ce que chacune des cheminées présente une section transversale d'au moins 16 mm2 pour évacuer de la chaleur et de l'humidité par convection depuis l'intérieur de la cavité, vers le haut, sur la longueur des cheminées et hors des deuxièmes extrémités respectives des cheminées, vers l'extérieur de l'article chaussant.
  2. Structure de cheminée selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle les cheminées peuvent être insérées de façon amovible dans l'article chaussant.
  3. Article chaussant (10) comprenant :
    une semelle extérieure (12) ;
    une empeigne (14) reliée à la semelle extérieure, l'empeigne définissant une cavité (24) destinée à recevoir un pied d'un porteur ; et
    la structure de cheminée selon la revendication 1.
  4. Article chaussant selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la structure de cheminée est disposée le long d'un panneau latéral de l'empeigne.
  5. Article chaussant selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la structure de cheminée comprend une pluralité de canaux dans une rangée le long de l'empeigne.
  6. Article chaussant selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la structure de cheminée comprend deux rangées de cheminées adjacentes l'une à l'autre, les passages (42) (54) de la première des rangées étant tournés vers la cavité, et les passages (42) (54) d'une deuxième des rangées étant opposés à la cavité.
  7. Article chaussant selon la revendication 2, dans lequel l'empeigne comprend un col (22) et un corps (20) relié au col, le corps définissant la cavité et le col fournissant une ouverture à la cavité, des passages sélectionnés d'au moins certaines des cheminées présentant respectivement une première extrémité (42a) disposée le long de l'empeigne, en dessous du col, et une deuxième extrémité (42b) disposée le long du col.
  8. Article chaussant selon la revendication 3, dans lequel :
    l'empeigne comprenant un matériau extérieur définissant la cavité destinée à recevoir un pied d'un porteur et une région de col (22) permettant d'introduire le pied du porteur dans la cavité ; et
    la pluralité de cheminées est disposée dans une rangée le long d'un côté intérieur du matériau extérieur pour évacuer de la chaleur et de l'humidité depuis l'intérieur de la cavité vers l'extérieur de l'article chaussant.
  9. Article chaussant selon la revendication 8, comprenant en outre une pluralité d'évents allongés formés par des sections superposées du matériau extérieur, la pluralité d'évents allongés croisant la pluralité de cheminées pour favoriser l'évacuation de chaleur ou d'humidité depuis l'intérieur de la cavité vers l'extérieur de l'article chaussant.
  10. Article chaussant selon la revendication 8, comprenant en outre une semelle intérieure (30) présentant un cadre poreux opérationnel pour permettre à l'air de s'écouler depuis le dessous du pied du porteur vers la rangée de cheminées.
  11. Article chaussant selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la structure (60) de cheminée est disposée le long de la languette (26).
  12. Article chaussant selon la revendication 11, dans lequel la première extrémité (70) est une région d'orteils de l'empeigne et la deuxième extrémité (68) est le long d'une partie supérieure de la languette, permettant ainsi d'évacuer de la chaleur et de l'humidité hors de la région d'orteils.
  13. Article chaussant selon la revendication 11, dans lequel la première extrémité est une région de coup-de-pied de l'empeigne, et la deuxième extrémité est le long d'une partie supérieure de la languette, permettant ainsi d'évacuer de la chaleur et de l'humidité hors de la région de coup-de-pied.
  14. Article chaussant selon la revendication 3, ledit article chaussant comprenant en outre une deuxième structure de cheminée (60) destinée à aérer le microclimat dudit article chaussant (10), lequel inclut une languette (26), la deuxième structure de cheminée comprenant :
    une autre cheminée (34) apte à être disposée dans une languette d'un article chaussant pour évacuer de la chaleur et de l'humidité par convection depuis l'intérieur d'une région intérieure de l'article chaussant vers l'extérieur de l'article chaussant, ladite autre cheminée (34) comprenant une paire de parois latérales (50a,b) et une paroi terminale (52) disposée entre la paire de parois latérales, les parois latérales et la paroi terminale définissant un passage (54) le long de celle-ci ;
    permettant ainsi d'évacuer de la chaleur et de l'humidité à travers le passage, de la région intérieure vers l'extérieur de l'article chaussant.
  15. Article chaussant selon la revendication 14, dans lequel la deuxième structure de cheminée comprend en outre une enveloppe (80) entourant substantiellement ladite autre cheminée (34), l'enveloppe comprenant une poche (82) permettant de ranger des lacets de l'article chaussant.
  16. Article chaussant selon la revendication 14, dans lequel la deuxième structure de cheminée comprend un matériau de rembourrage (76) (358) disposé dans une région supérieure de la deuxième structure de cheminée tournée vers la région intérieure de l'article chaussant.
EP05021291.9A 2005-06-02 2005-09-29 Structure de cheminée pour chaussure et chausson pour pied Active EP1728444B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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US11/143,326 US7392601B2 (en) 2005-06-02 2005-06-02 Chimney structures for apparel
US11/143,538 US8359769B2 (en) 2005-06-02 2005-06-02 Chimney structures for footwear
US11/143,232 US8146266B2 (en) 2005-06-02 2005-06-02 Chimney structures for footwear and foot coverings

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EP1728444B1 true EP1728444B1 (fr) 2016-05-04

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FR2905053B1 (fr) * 2006-08-28 2008-12-05 Promiles Snc Chaussure impermeable.
CN103442608A (zh) * 2011-03-04 2013-12-11 萨洛蒙股份有限公司 具有改良鞋帮的鞋
EP3440952A1 (fr) 2012-08-27 2019-02-13 NIKE Innovate C.V. Matériaux dynamiques intégrés dans des articles pour des caractéristiques dimensionnelles physiques réglables

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US27918A (en) * 1860-04-17 Overshoe and boot and shoe
US757424A (en) * 1902-03-10 1904-04-12 Louis Vohl Shoe.
US1213941A (en) * 1914-04-25 1917-01-30 Charles A Patrick Ventilating device.
GB191514398A (en) * 1915-11-24 1916-02-10 Edward Marlay De Laune Carolin Improvements in Ventilation Devices for Boots and Shoes.
US1211542A (en) * 1916-02-21 1917-01-09 Edward Marlay De Laune Carolin Ventilated boot or shoe.
US2703937A (en) * 1952-07-14 1955-03-15 John L Mcginn Ventilated boot
FR1310482A (fr) * 1961-01-12 1962-11-30 Perfectionnements aux objets chaussants
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