EP1726721A1 - System zur Verankerung einer Wandkonstruktion aus Betonformsteinen - Google Patents

System zur Verankerung einer Wandkonstruktion aus Betonformsteinen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1726721A1
EP1726721A1 EP05106159A EP05106159A EP1726721A1 EP 1726721 A1 EP1726721 A1 EP 1726721A1 EP 05106159 A EP05106159 A EP 05106159A EP 05106159 A EP05106159 A EP 05106159A EP 1726721 A1 EP1726721 A1 EP 1726721A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pin
block
canal
hole
anchoring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05106159A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Luca Vezzoli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
La Cementifera Di Vezzoli Geommichele & C SNC
Original Assignee
La Cementifera Di Vezzoli Geommichele & C SNC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by La Cementifera Di Vezzoli Geommichele & C SNC filed Critical La Cementifera Di Vezzoli Geommichele & C SNC
Publication of EP1726721A1 publication Critical patent/EP1726721A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
    • E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to blocks, for example vibrated and compressed concrete blocks, suitable for being overlapped in rows or layers for the construction of supporting wall structures, such as for example face walls, toe walls, ornamental walls, anti-erosive facings for slopes, sound proofing barriers, barriers and partitions between gardens, facings for canals, protective facings for river banks and the like.
  • the present invention relates to a system for anchoring a wall structure to the ground behind.
  • the invention also relates to a pin for constraining two overlapping rows of blocks, and a block for receiving said pin.
  • Supporting walls composed of a plurality of blocks arranged in overlapping rows and blocked by pins are already known, for example from the patents US 4 914 876 , US 5 865 006 and US 5 913 790 .
  • the anchoring system proposed here provides a simple winding of the grid around a bar set in a continuous canal made in each row of blocks, with the return of a front portion of the grid in the ground, so that, after the traction exerted by the grid, the bar goes to rest against a shoulder of the canal and distributes the load along the whole extension of the grid.
  • the clamp type coupling between the bar and connector means a lack of clearance between the two elements, and the consequent impossibility of using the same bar and connector with grids of a different thickness.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exploded, perspective view of the anchoring system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 and 3a represent a perspective and front view of one of the elements for locking the anchoring bar to the concrete blocks;
  • FIG. 4 and 4a show a perspective and top view of an interconnecting pin between blocks
  • FIG. 5 shows a top view of an anchoring grid laid over a concrete block and constrained by means of a bar
  • FIG. 6 represents a detail of the block in the previous figure at the height of a clip for blocking the bar, in section according to the line A-A in figure 5;
  • FIG. 7 represents a detail of the block in figure 6 at the height of the anchoring bar, in section according to the line B-B in figure 5;
  • FIG. 8 shows two overlapping blocks in section in a first configuration of use
  • FIG. 9 shows two overlapping blocks in section in a second configuration of use
  • FIG. 10 represents a perspective view of the clip for blocking the bar, in a different embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 represents a top view of a row of blocks for constructing a wall running in a curved direction.
  • concrete blocks are indicated with reference numeral 1 to be used to form wall structures by arranging them in overlapping rows.
  • a second row of blocks is laid on top of the first row, above, so that the two rows are vertically dephased, in other words so that each block of the row above rests on two adjacent halves of two blocks of the row below.
  • the blocks exhibit a plane of vertical symmetry.
  • the block 1 exhibits a substantially rectangular form or size and comprises upper 2 and lower 3 parallel surfaces, a front face 4, a rear face 5 and two opposite side walls 6.
  • the front face 4, represented here substantially level, can be variously shaped; the rear face 5 is substantially parallel to the front one 4.
  • the side walls 6 are indented and converge towards the rear face 5 so that both the latter and the front face 4 exhibit protruding lateral ends 4', 5' useful for defining an external rectangular size, which facilitates operations of packaging the blocks.
  • the rear lateral ends 5' are also configured for easy removal in the event of using the blocks to realise convex walls, in other words that curve inward.
  • Holes 8 are made in the rear part of the block 1, near the corners between the rear face 5 and the side walls 6 for receiving and blocking corresponding interconnecting pins 9 between overlapping adjacent blocks. These holes 8 preferably have an orthogonal axis in relation to the bearing areas 2 and 3 of the block and they cross the latter for the whole of its height.
  • the block 1 In a central position in relation to the side walls 6 and slightly back towards the rear face 5, the block 1 exhibits an opening 10, possibly divided into two parts by a central separator 10', in which the pins 9 of the blocks of a row underneath on which it rests engage.
  • This opening 10 which is also preferably orthogonal to the bearing areas 2 and 3 of the block, extending for the whole of its height, exhibits an extended form parallel to the front and rear faces 4 and 5 to be able to receive the pins 9 of two blocks below.
  • the opening 10 is measured to maximize the resistance of the block and, at the same time, minimize the weight.
  • the central opening 10 exhibits a trapezoidal form with rounded corners, bases parallel to the front and rear facades and the smaller base facing the rear façade 5.
  • the central opening 10 acts as a running rail to be able to arrange the blocks 1 along rectilinear rows, along rows curved inward and along rows curved outward, the distance between the pins 9 engaging in a central opening 10 being able to vary freely according to the required bend radius.
  • the holes 8 for receiving the interconnecting pins 9 are preferably aligned with the rear wall that defines the opening 10.
  • the straight line passing by the rear wall is tangent to the holes 8, as it can be appreciate particularly in figure 2a.
  • At least one front chamber 12 is also made in the block 1 between the central opening 10 and the front face 4, which extends for the whole height of the block, from the upper surface 2 to the lower one 3.
  • the block 1 preferably exhibits four front chambers 12 at the side, each with an extended form parallel to the front face 4 and the rear face 5. These chambers allow ventilation of the front of the wall structure, avoiding the formation of humidity and consequent stains on the front face 4 of the blocks, consequently preserving the aesthetic appearance of the facade.
  • the front chambers 12 also serve for thermal isolation to protect the interior part of the wall, and in particular the anchoring grids or meshes, from excessive increases in temperature caused by the face of the wall being exposed to the sun. Again advantageously, the front chambers 12 make it possible to protect the wall face in the event of damage, without compromising the structural characteristics of the wall itself.
  • the first suitable for thermally isolating and the second suitable for consolidating and guiding the block onto the portions of pin protruding from the adjoining blocks it is possible to prevent the pins 9 from moving and consequently the block/pin coupling during use. Moreover, the coupling is also guaranteed in the event of partial damage to the front part of the block.
  • a canal 13 is made in the upper surface 2 of the block 1, which extends transversally from one side wall 6 to the other, parallel to the front 4 and rear 5 faces. As one can clearly see, particularly in figure 1, once a row of blocks 1 has been laid, the canal 13 of each block is aligned with the canals of the adjacent blocks forming one continuous canal.
  • Said continuous canal resulting from the alignment of the canals 13 of adjacent blocks is suitable for holding an anchoring bar 14 wrapped around which there is the end of a mesh or grid 15 set between overlapping rows of blocks for anchoring them to the ground behind.
  • the general method of installing and working an anchoring mesh or grid is described for example by the patent US 6,338,597 , in particular from column 4, line 52, to column 5, line 19, which is reported here for reference.
  • the bar 14 allows the load to be distributed uniformly along the whole width of the mesh or grid 15.
  • the bar is realised in plastic material, preferably polyethylene.
  • the bar 14 has a circular section.
  • the canal 13 preferably intersects the front chambers 12, in other words it is made in the walls that define said chambers. In conjunction with the front chambers 12, the canal 13 then defines a grid of passages behind the face of the wall, which allows electric cables, for example to be housed for lighting systems, irrigation pipes or other devices, besides acting as a drainage system for the face itself.
  • the anchoring bar is held in position inside the canal 13 by a plurality of clips 16 that can be inserted by force into the canal itself.
  • Each clip has (figures 3, 3a and 10) an upside down U-shape, in other words it comprises a pair of substantially parallel elastic arms 17 suitable for coming together to insert the clip by force and lock it into position between the walls of the canal.
  • the two arms are connected by an upper horizontal side 18, internally with a concave form, where the anchoring bar 14 is to engage.
  • Each arm 17 terminates at the bottom with an inclined plane 19 facing inward so as to act as an invitation to insert the clip 16 into the canal 13.
  • the clips are inserted level with the front chambers 12 of the blocks intersected by the canal 13.
  • the bar 14 rests on the bottom of the canal, whilst the arms of the clips extend inside said chambers, at a lower level in relation to that of the bottom of the canal.
  • this allows the depth of the canal to be kept reduced to a minimum, which is essential for housing the bar and not weakening the structure of the block and, on the other hand, it allows the mechanical seal of the bar to be increased.
  • the elastic arms of the clips extend deep into the block, exploiting the front chambers 12 and anchoring the clips firmly to the block, also for elevated loads exerted by the grid.
  • the upside down U configuration of the clips therefore the presence of a closed upper side, prevents the bar from coming unthreaded from the same clips.
  • the clips constitute a system for locking the bar in position that is "discontinuous", in other words it is realised locally or precisely by arranging the clips at a certain distance from each other.
  • This system allows the portion of bar included between two clips to bend as much as is allowed by the material with which it is realised and by its section.
  • the fact that the bar is able to bend is particularly advantageous mainly for two reasons. Firstly, it is possible to realise wall structures that run in a curvilinear direction, as shown in figure 11, where it is possible to appreciate that the presence of the suitably distributed clips does not affect the possibility of the bar to bend in order to follow the curve of the wall.
  • the bar in traction can bend until it rests on the rear wall, which defines the canal 13. Therefore, the resistance to the traction is not only supported by the locking clips, but it is also distributed on this wall of the concrete block.
  • the clips locking system also enables thin, light, circular section anchoring bars to be used. Since no particular geometric coupling is required between the clips and the bar, grids of different thicknesses can also be used. The distance between the clips can be chosen, for example, on the basis of the grid used. For example up to four clips per block can be applied by a clip for each block, in other words one in each front chamber 12.
  • the pins 9 must be firmly blocked in the respective holes 8 to oppose the greatest resistance possible to a translation of the blocks on each other as a result of the thrust of the ground behind.
  • This locking is realised by force coupling, in other words by geometrically measuring and configuring the hole and pin so their coupling occurs with suitable interference.
  • the external size of the pin 9 is greater than the diameter of the hole 8.
  • this force coupling is not given by the whole external surface of the pins, but only by more protruding parts of it. This is obtained by making the external surface of the pin corrugated, for example bearing radial protuberances.
  • said radial protuberances comprise a plurality of annular projections 11, which extend from the body 11' of the pin, at least for an axial portion lower 20 than this. Said projections preferably exhibit a conical section facing the direction of insertion into the hole 8.
  • the body 11' of the pin exhibits a cross structure in transversal section, the projections 11 being configured as a plurality of overlapping discs crossed axially by said cross body.
  • the pin exhibits an undercut 21 suitable for defining a lower axial portion 20 of insertion into the corresponding hole in the block and an abutment for the pin on the upper surface 2 of the concrete block 1.
  • the operation of inserting the pin into the blocks is easier, since the pin will penetrate the respective hole to the height defined by the abutment, and the layer will no longer have to worry about gauging the pressure to be applied to the pin to insert it into the hole at the most suitable height.
  • the undercut 21 defines an upper axial portion 22 intended to protrude from the hole 8, with a greater transversal size in relation to the lower portion and therefore in relation to the section of the hole. Consequently, the side for inserting the pin into the hole is clearly identified.
  • the undercut 21 is substantially provided at the mid-height of the pin, so that the two axial portions 20, 22 substantially exhibit the same extension.
  • the pin 9 exhibits an upside down L shape, in other words an upper axial portion with an axis that is parallel, but not coinciding with the axis of the lower portion.
  • This form allows overlapping blocks to be arranged in vertical alignment (figure 8) and backward (figure 9).
  • the pin 9 is inserted into the respective hole 8 with the upper portion 22 facing ahead, in other words towards the face 4 of the block.
  • an upper block can be overlapped in perfect vertical alignment with a lower block keeping the upper portion 22 of the pin 9 in contact with the rear wall defining the opening 10 in the upper block (figure 8), thus avoiding any forward translation of the upper block in relation to the lower one.
  • the pin 9 is inserted into the respective hole 8 with the upper portion 22 facing backwards, in other words towards the rear wall 5 of the block, and therefore rotated by 180° in relation to the previous situation.
  • the upper block can be placed over the lower one only by moving it back in relation to it (figure 9). This moving backward will at least be equal to the protrusion of the upper portion 22 of the pin in relation to the lower portion 20.
  • the two assembly positions of the pin, rotated by 180° in relation to each other are identified by the structure of the pin itself and the relative hole.
  • the discs 11, which define the transversal size of the pin and the transversal section of the hole 8 exhibit an extended or flattened form in a transversal direction, for example an elliptical form.
  • the pin 9 can be realised in plastic material, preferably polyethylene, which exhibits a good result with low working temperatures too.
  • Laying the wall structure foresees laying a first row of blocks, for example in a suitable trench that has been previously dug out, placing the grid over the row of blocks, providing a return of the necessary length and inserting the interconnecting pins into the relative holes, depending on the required direction.
  • the bar is positioned in the canal and locked into position with the clips.
  • the grid can be fixed to the ground behind, for example using pegs.
  • the presence of the blocking pins makes operations related to positioning and returning the grid around the bar extremely quick and easy.
  • At least one second row of blocks can be placed over the first, resting on the grid. Note that it is not necessary to position the anchoring grid after laying each row of blocks, but it may be sufficient to position it, for example, every three or four rows of blocks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
EP05106159A 2005-05-20 2005-07-06 System zur Verankerung einer Wandkonstruktion aus Betonformsteinen Withdrawn EP1726721A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITBS20050059 ITBS20050059A1 (it) 2005-05-20 2005-05-20 Sistema di ancoraggio di un'opera muraria in blocchi di calcestruzzo

Publications (1)

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EP1726721A1 true EP1726721A1 (de) 2006-11-29

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EP05106159A Withdrawn EP1726721A1 (de) 2005-05-20 2005-07-06 System zur Verankerung einer Wandkonstruktion aus Betonformsteinen

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1788158A1 (de) * 1999-06-24 2007-05-23 Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. Modular aufgebaute Böschungssicherung
USRE39922E1 (en) 1999-06-24 2007-11-20 Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. Segmental retaining wall system
CN107558480A (zh) * 2017-07-07 2018-01-09 江苏省镇江市路桥工程总公司 路基三维排水加强型生态护坡结构的施工方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5257880A (en) 1990-07-26 1993-11-02 Graystone Block Co. Retaining wall construction and blocks therefor
WO2004018779A2 (en) * 2002-08-21 2004-03-04 Allan Block Corporation Reinforcing system for stackable retaining wall units
WO2005035902A1 (en) 2003-10-13 2005-04-21 La Cementifera Di Vezzoli Geom.Michele & C.S.N.C Interconnection pin between concrete blocks for building retaining walls and relevant block

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5257880A (en) 1990-07-26 1993-11-02 Graystone Block Co. Retaining wall construction and blocks therefor
WO2004018779A2 (en) * 2002-08-21 2004-03-04 Allan Block Corporation Reinforcing system for stackable retaining wall units
WO2005035902A1 (en) 2003-10-13 2005-04-21 La Cementifera Di Vezzoli Geom.Michele & C.S.N.C Interconnection pin between concrete blocks for building retaining walls and relevant block

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1788158A1 (de) * 1999-06-24 2007-05-23 Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. Modular aufgebaute Böschungssicherung
USRE39922E1 (en) 1999-06-24 2007-11-20 Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. Segmental retaining wall system
CN107558480A (zh) * 2017-07-07 2018-01-09 江苏省镇江市路桥工程总公司 路基三维排水加强型生态护坡结构的施工方法

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Publication number Publication date
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