EP1725449A1 - Systeme de deplacement a proprietes de circulation ameliorees - Google Patents

Systeme de deplacement a proprietes de circulation ameliorees

Info

Publication number
EP1725449A1
EP1725449A1 EP05716113A EP05716113A EP1725449A1 EP 1725449 A1 EP1725449 A1 EP 1725449A1 EP 05716113 A EP05716113 A EP 05716113A EP 05716113 A EP05716113 A EP 05716113A EP 1725449 A1 EP1725449 A1 EP 1725449A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transportation
depressions
elevations
formation
reduced
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP05716113A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Iraklievich Gennady Kiknadze
Ivan Alexandrovich Gachechiladze
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1725449A1 publication Critical patent/EP1725449A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
    • F15D1/02—Influencing flow of fluids in pipes or conduits
    • F15D1/06—Influencing flow of fluids in pipes or conduits by influencing the boundary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
    • B61D17/02—Construction details of vehicle bodies reducing air resistance by modifying contour ; Constructional features for fast vehicles sustaining sudden variations of atmospheric pressure, e.g. when crossing in tunnels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to means of transportation and in particular to means of transportation along whose surface a medium flows, the medium being able to comprise a gas, a liquid or a mixture of gas and liquid.
  • Means of transport that move in a medium depend on a number of parameters. This includes, among other things, the properties of the medium, the shape of the means of transportation, and the relative speed of the means of transportation and the medium.
  • turbulent eddies is usually associated with a high level of noise and vibration.
  • the invention has for its object to show a new way how the flow properties of a means of transportation that moves relative to a surrounding medium can be improved and the disadvantageous effects described above can be reduced.
  • a means of locomotion comprises at least one surface which is structured with a plurality of depressions and / or elevations, a surrounding medium flowing along this surface when the means of locomotion moves.
  • the at least one surface is advantageously designed such that vortices form in the surrounding medium in the vicinity of the surface when the medium flows along the surface.
  • a vortex roll is initially formed on the depression essentially transversely to the direction of flow. Because this vortex roll typically has non-zero helicity, the medium is drawn into the vortex at one end and ejected at the other end. As a result, the latter end of the vortex detaches from the surface and is carried away by the main flow. In this way, vortices are formed which, starting from the depressions, lead away from the surface in the direction of the main flow. Since the pressure inside the vortices is lower than in their surroundings, the boundary layer of the medium near the surface is drawn off and directed into the main flow. Each vortex acts as a kind of boundary layer controller, which in the surrounding medium in all directions of the environment, also against the governing flow direction. As a result, disorderly turbulence present in the medium is reduced in the vicinity of the surface.
  • the stall Due to the formation of vortices described, the stall is shifted backwards along the flow direction compared to a smooth surface, and the negative flow effects described above, such as the formation of drag vortices or leeward rolls, are reduced.
  • the depressions and / or elevations advantageously have a two-dimensionally delimited edge and are particularly advantageously rounded off in the region of the edge toward the rest of the surface with a predetermined radius of curvature.
  • the radius of curvature can have a different value in different directions within the plane of the surface.
  • the depressions preferably essentially have the shape of a section of a sphere or an ellipsoid, since this shape is the easiest to implement in terms of production technology.
  • the means of transportation advantageously comprises a device for varying the shape and / or the number of depressions and / or surveys. For example, this can be done using flexible membranes, as described in EP 96 927 047.9. EP 96 927 047.9 is therefore hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
  • the depressions and / or elevations are arranged at least in sections essentially periodically on the surface of the means of transportation.
  • the surface of the means of transportation which has the depressions and / or elevations, expediently comprises at least a first, essentially flat region and at least a second, essentially curved region.
  • the structured surface can be adapted to any geometry of the means of transportation.
  • the depressions and / or elevations in these regions advantageously differ in shape and / or size and / or arrangement.
  • the centers of three directly adjacent depressions and / or elevations form an equilateral triangle, the distance between the centers of two adjacent depressions and / or elevations being one substantially constant first value and the distance between two successive rows of depressions and / or elevations essentially one have a constant second value.
  • the surface preferably has a similar arrangement that takes the surface curvature into account.
  • a preferred embodiment of a means of transportation according to the invention comprises a land vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle or a truck or passenger car, with at least one outer shell, at least parts of the surface of the outer shell having a plurality of depressions and / or elevations.
  • the surface of the means of transportation particularly preferably has a multiplicity of depressions and / or elevations in such a way that the formation of leeward rollers is reduced compared to an otherwise identical one
  • Means of transportation whose surface has a smooth structure. This is particularly advantageous if the means of transportation is designed as a rail vehicle, in particular as a high-speed train.
  • a further preferred embodiment of a means of transportation according to the invention comprises an aircraft, in particular an aircraft or helicopter, with at least one of the components outer shell, propeller, rotor, turbine, aerofoil, steering surface or tail unit, at least parts of the surface of one of these components having a plurality of depressions and / or have surveys.
  • a preferred embodiment of a means of transportation according to the invention is also a watercraft, comprising at least one hull and / or a drive screw, at least parts of the surfaces of the hull and / or the drive screw having a plurality of depressions and / or elevations.
  • any other types of means of transportation such as surfboards, bobsleighs or rockets, with a surface which has a multiplicity of depressions and / or elevations are also within the scope of the invention.
  • the surface of the means of transportation which has a multiplicity of depressions and / or elevations, over an otherwise identical means of transportation, the surface of which has a smooth structure,
  • the invention also includes the use of a surface, which has a plurality of depressions and / or elevations, as the surface or part of a surface of a means of transportation for one or more of these purposes.
  • the invention comprises a layer, in particular in the form of a film, for application to a surface or parts of a surface of a means of transportation, the outside of the layer having a structure which has a plurality of depressions and / or Surveys.
  • a layer in particular in the form of a film, for application to a surface or parts of a surface of a means of transportation, the outside of the layer having a structure which has a plurality of depressions and / or Surveys.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a means of transportation according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 a schematic illustration of a second embodiment of a means of transportation according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 a schematic illustration of a third embodiment of a means of transportation according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 a schematic illustration of a drive screw of a means of transportation according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 a schematic illustration of a rotor of a means of transportation according to the invention
  • Figure 6 schematically the cross sections of two wings
  • Figure 7 schematically a central cross section of a first embodiment of a depression or elevation perpendicular to the surface
  • Figure 8 a schematic representation of a first distribution of depressions or elevations
  • Figure 9 schematically a central cross section a second embodiment of a depression or elevation perpendicular to the surface
  • FIG. 10 a schematic representation of a second distribution of depressions or elevations
  • FIG. 11 schematically a central cross section perpendicular to the surface of a third embodiment of depressions or elevations with the corresponding top view
  • Figure 12 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a surface with depressions or elevations, which has flat and curved areas.
  • FIG. 1 shows a high-speed train 10, the outer surface 101 of which has a large number of depressions.
  • the mechanism described above generates secondary vortices in the air flowing along the surface from these depressions.
  • These self-organizing vortex structures suck off the boundary layer near the surface and direct it into the main flow, reducing the flow resistance and reducing various negative flow effects.
  • Of particular importance here is the reduced formation of leeward rollers in cross winds, which is a major problem with conventional high-speed trains.
  • a conventional jet jet 20 is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the surfaces 201 of the wings 22 have a structuring with a multiplicity of depressions and / or elevations.
  • This structuring can be provided during the production of the wings or can also be generated by a subsequently applied layer, for example by applying a film which has the structuring.
  • the structured surface can of course also advantageously be used Further surfaces of such an aircraft are provided, such as the fuselage 21, the rear tail units 23 and 24 or the outside of the drive units 25.
  • the turbine blades of the drive units 25 could also have a surface structured according to the invention.
  • Advantageous effects of an aircraft according to the invention are, for example, a reduction in the formation of drag vortices and an improvement in the stall properties.
  • the invention also reduces in particular
  • FIG. 3 shows a ship 30 in which the surface 301 of the hull 31 lying below the water line 40 has a structure with a large number of depressions.
  • a surface 331 structured according to the invention can also be provided on the leaves 34 of the drive screw 33. This is shown again in detail in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 5 shows a rotor 50 of a helicopter according to the invention with two rotor blades 51, the surface 501 of which has a large number of depressions and / or elevations.
  • the surface 501 of which has a large number of depressions and / or elevations.
  • Flow properties can be positively influenced in this way. In the case of helicopters, this affects in particular through improved lift, improved stall properties and a reduction in noise. On the stall properties of a propeller can be improved in the same way.
  • Figure 6 shows the cross-section of a profile of a conventional wing 26.
  • the elongated profile is necessary to avoid an early stall which would result in loss of lift.
  • the point of the stall shifts along the
  • Such a profile 27 is shown in FIG. 6 by way of example, placed over the conventional profile 26 for comparison.
  • Such new wing profiles can significantly increase the lift or, with the same lift, the dimensions of the wing can be significantly reduced.
  • FIG. 7 shows a central cross section of a preferred shape of a depression 602 perpendicular to a flat surface.
  • the depression 602 in this exemplary embodiment has the shape of a section of a ball or a spherical cap with radius Ri, height h and diameter d, and is rounded off with a rounding radius R 2 .
  • a depression is rotationally symmetrical to an axis of rotation through the center of the depression perpendicular to the surface.
  • the depressions 602 are arranged periodically, the centers of three directly adjacent depressions 602 forming an equilateral triangle.
  • the angle ⁇ is therefore 60 °.
  • the distance between the centers of two neighboring ones Indentations 602 and thus the side length of the triangle mentioned is t 2 .
  • the distance between two successive rows of depressions 602 and thus the height of the triangle mentioned is t x . ti and t 2 can have different values depending on the application.
  • FIG. 9 shows a central cross section of a further preferred form of a depression 702 perpendicular to a flat surface.
  • the depression 702 in this exemplary embodiment has the shape of a section of an ellipsoid with the diameters Ei, E 2 and E 3 , where E 3 is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing and is therefore not shown.
  • the depression has a height h and a diameter d and is rounded off with a radius of curvature R 3 .
  • FIG. 10 shows a preferred distribution of the depressions 702 on a flat surface. This corresponds essentially to the arrangement shown in FIG. 8 for the depressions 602.
  • Surface advantageously has a three-dimensional structure, as is shown schematically by way of example in FIG. 11, with depressions or elevations 802, curved areas and transition areas.
  • the depressions or elevations extend along their diameter d, the curved areas along the distance l c and the transition areas along the distance l t r.
  • the distance between two depressions is again included denotes t 2 .
  • Any portion of the indentations or bumps 802 along the surface is in the form of a smooth and continuous line that can be described by the following relationship: ⁇ 1.
  • - r ( ⁇ , z) is the section radius in the direction of the angle ⁇ (in angular dimension), from the distance connecting the centers of adjacent depressions and / or elevations or from any distance lying in the marked section to count;
  • - l c is the dimension of the curved area projected onto a plane parallel to the plane of the surface
  • - k is a coefficient with 0.3 ⁇ k ⁇ 0.7;
  • - Ai is a coefficient with -1 ⁇ Ai ⁇ 1;
  • - A 2 is a coefficient with -1 ⁇ A 2 ⁇ 1; and - h is the depth or height of the depressions or elevations.
  • the depressions or elevations are advantageously rounded off with a radius of curvature of R> 3 - h towards the transition areas.
  • h is advantageously between 0.005 and 0.3 times the thickness of the boundary layer.
  • equation (1) can be selected differently depending on the type of medium, the shape and dimensions of the surface, the flow rate, the temperature of the medium and the surface, and other factors influencing the flow.
  • FIG. 12 shows a surface that has at least one flat region 601 and one curved region 901. If a medium flows around such a surface, it is advantageous, due to different flow conditions in the different areas, if the
  • FIGS. 13 a and 13 b show the model of a train with a surface which has a large number of depressions.
  • the shape of the depressions used in this model essentially corresponds to that shown in FIG. 7, adapted to the curvature of the surface.
  • a variation in the size and distribution of the depressions between differently curved areas of the surface can also be seen.
  • Wind tunnel measured. This resulted in a 16% reduction in surface resistance and a significantly reduced formation of leeward rollers. Furthermore, measurements in a medium with turbulent flows showed a significant reduction in the development of vibrations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a pour objet d'améliorer les propriétés de circulation d'un système de déplacement (10) qui se déplace par rapport à un milieu périphérique, et de limiter certains effets négatifs de la circulation tels que la formation de tourbillons de traînée ou de tourbillons sous le vent. A cet effet, l'invention fait intervenir un système de déplacement comprenant au moins une surface structurée (101) qui présente une pluralité de partie en retrait et/ou parties en saillie, ainsi que l'utilisation d'une surface qui présente une pluralité de partie en retrait et/ou parties en saillie, en tant que surface d'un système de déplacement. L'invention concerne aussi une couche à appliquer sur une surface ou des parties d'une surface d'un système de déplacement, le côté extérieur de la couche présentant une structure qui présente une pluralité de partie en retrait et/ou parties en saillie.
EP05716113A 2004-03-16 2005-03-16 Systeme de deplacement a proprietes de circulation ameliorees Ceased EP1725449A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004013035A DE102004013035A1 (de) 2004-03-16 2004-03-16 Fortbewegungsmittel mit verbesserten Strömungseigenschaften
PCT/EP2005/002793 WO2005090155A1 (fr) 2004-03-16 2005-03-16 Systeme de deplacement a proprietes de circulation ameliorees

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1725449A1 true EP1725449A1 (fr) 2006-11-29

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05716113A Ceased EP1725449A1 (fr) 2004-03-16 2005-03-16 Systeme de deplacement a proprietes de circulation ameliorees

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP1725449A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102004013035A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005090155A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006023557A1 (de) * 2006-05-19 2007-11-22 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Rotorblatt für einen Helikopter
GB0802000D0 (en) * 2008-02-04 2008-03-12 Wingtec Holdings Ltd Aerofoil control devices
ITRM20080554A1 (it) * 2008-10-17 2010-04-18 Romano Ludovico Caputi Carena per imbarcazioni o navi con cavita' concave superficiali ad effetto cuscino d'aria
EP2447153A1 (fr) * 2010-10-28 2012-05-02 Zuei-Ling Lin Procédé pour améliorer l'efficacité de sortie d'une hélice et pour réduire son bruit
GB2506194B (en) 2012-09-25 2014-08-06 Messier Dowty Ltd Aircraft component noise reducing patch
JP7453246B2 (ja) * 2019-10-29 2024-03-19 京セラ株式会社 塗装膜、自動車および塗装方法
DE102020000098A1 (de) * 2020-01-12 2021-07-15 Jörg Schulz Luftwiderstands-Reduzierung mittels mikroturbulenzen-erzeugender Oberflächen auf Lokomotiven und rollendem Eisenbahnmaterial sowie allen anderen Schienenfahrzeugen
FR3121412A1 (fr) * 2021-03-30 2022-10-07 Alstom Transport Technologies Véhicule ferroviaire avec surface aérodynamique

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GB2068502A (en) * 1980-01-29 1981-08-12 Applegate G Fan pump and turbine blades
US5171623A (en) * 1990-12-27 1992-12-15 Yee Norman D Drag reducing surface depressions
US5378524A (en) * 1991-05-28 1995-01-03 Blood; Charles L. Friction reducing surface and devices employing such surfaces
RU2020304C1 (ru) * 1992-03-31 1994-09-30 Геннадий Ираклиевич Кикнадзе Поверхность обтекания для формирования динамических вихревых структур в пограничных и пристенных слоях потоков сплошных сред
DE9316009U1 (de) * 1993-10-20 1994-01-13 Moser Josef Oberfläche eines fluidumströmten Körpers
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102004013035A1 (de) 2005-10-06
WO2005090155A1 (fr) 2005-09-29

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