EP1719969B1 - Method for controlling an ammunition or a submunition, attack system, ammunition and target designator for carrying out such a method - Google Patents

Method for controlling an ammunition or a submunition, attack system, ammunition and target designator for carrying out such a method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1719969B1
EP1719969B1 EP06290666.4A EP06290666A EP1719969B1 EP 1719969 B1 EP1719969 B1 EP 1719969B1 EP 06290666 A EP06290666 A EP 06290666A EP 1719969 B1 EP1719969 B1 EP 1719969B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
submunition
ammunition
target
designator
confirmation
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EP06290666.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1719969A1 (en
Inventor
Thierry Bredy
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Priority to PL06290666T priority Critical patent/PL1719969T3/en
Publication of EP1719969A1 publication Critical patent/EP1719969A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C13/00—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation
    • F42C13/006—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation for non-guided, spinning, braked or gravity-driven weapons, e.g. parachute-braked sub-munitions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C13/00—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation
    • F42C13/02—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation operated by intensity of light or similar radiation
    • F42C13/026—Remotely actuated projectile fuzes operated by optical transmission links

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of the methods for controlling the firing of a munition or submunition from a target detection as well as that of the attacking systems implementing such a method.
  • US 5601024 which describes a missile comprising a rocket equipped with transmitters and receivers whose role is to measure the distance with a target to control the explosion at a distance close to it.
  • the patent is also known US 2989640 describing a missile guidance system adapted to receive trajectory correction commands to match the trajectory of the missile with the aiming direction.
  • This submunition observes the terrain following a spiral curve during its descent trajectory.
  • the initiation of the warhead is automatically controlled.
  • This device has the main disadvantage that the performance of the designator is limited to the implementation of a munition or submunition having a low detection detection rate (of the order of 50 meters per second).
  • the object of the invention is to propose a method for controlling a munition from a remote designator, which method can be implemented with a high scanning speed munition or submunition (greater than a few km / s) and ensuring a reliable remote control, discreet and consuming little energy.
  • the invention aims in particular to control the firing trigger of the military head on board by the ammunition or submunition.
  • the invention also proposes a method making it possible to improve the accuracy of firing of ammunition or submunitions by allowing them to correct their trajectory, or their direction of fire, or their firing time from target information that is collected at a designator level and in a discrete manner.
  • the subject of the invention is also an attack system implementing such a method as well as the two essential components of this attack system: the ammunition (or submunition) and the designator.
  • the firing of the ammunition or submunition will only be triggered if it receives a confirmation order.
  • the firing of the ammunition or submunition can only be triggered if it has received a confirmation order and if its means of detection of The target group confirms that the latter has characteristics that correspond to those of a potential target.
  • the confirmation order and / or the deviation measurement information may be transmitted over the air.
  • the confirmation order and / or the deviation measurement information or information will be transmitted optically in the form of at least one laser pulse sent by the observation means to the target and received, after reflection on the latter, by detection means embedded in the ammunition or submunition.
  • the ammunition or submunition is provided with means of correction of trajectory and / or direction of fire and / or correction of the moment of firing, it will be possible to emit from the observation means at least one deviation measurement information that will be determined by the observation means from the location of the laser beam from the ammunition or the submunition with respect to at least two detection zones defined by the observation means, the deviation measurement information is then used by the ammunition or submunition to achieve at least a trajectory correction and / or direction of fire and / or shooting time.
  • the subject of the invention is also an attack system implementing, on the one hand at least one target designator, disposed on the ground, or on a vehicle, or carried by an overhead means, and on the other hand at least a munition or submunition sent over an area of land and including a military head and means for firing the military head.
  • This attack system implements the method according to the invention and is characterized in that the munition or submunition comprises a laser source ensuring a sweeping of the terrain, the target designator being moreover a designator observing with a means passive observing a potential target located in the field, the passive observation means ensuring the detection of the laser beam from the ammunition or submunition, and transmission means being provided, coupled to the designator, and ensuring the emission at least one confirmation order and / or at least one deviation measurement information when the designator has detected the beam from the ammunition or submunition.
  • the designator will be able to incorporate a discrepancy device making it possible to determine the position of the laser beam emitted by the ammunition or submunition with respect to at least two detection zones, the transmission means then ensuring the sending to the ammunition or submunition at minus a deviation measurement information that can be used by the latter to correct its trajectory and / or its direction of fire and / or its instant of fire.
  • the designator may send his confirmation order and / or the deviation measurement information (s) in the form of at least one laser pulse directed towards the target.
  • the ammunition or submunition may incorporate at least one laser technology detecting means associating a transmitter and a receiver and ensuring the sending to a potential target and with a given repetition frequency of a laser beam.
  • the detection means can also ensure the reception of the confirmation order and / or the deviation measurement information or in the form of at least one laser signal sent by the designator.
  • the designator may be carried by an aircraft such as a drone. Alternatively, the designator may be placed on the ground or carried by a vehicle or an infantryman.
  • the submunition (s) may be dispersed over a terrain zone by a carrier such as a drone or a cargo projectile.
  • the invention also relates to a munition or submunition which is intended to be sent over a terrain zone and which comprises a military head and means for firing the military head, ammunition or sub-ammunition ammunition that allows the implementation of the method according to the invention.
  • This ammunition or submunition is characterized in that it comprises at least one laser source having a detection direction close to the direction of attack of the warhead and ensuring the sending to a potential target of a laser beam, with a given repetition frequency, during the flight of the ammunition or submunition, the latter also incorporating a receiving means of a firing trigger confirmation order and / or at least one deviation measurement information, receiver means coupled to a computer controlling the triggering of the warhead, the confirmation order being provided by a designator separate from the ammunition or sub-munition and incorporating passive means of observation.
  • the munition or submunition may include means for correcting trajectory and / or firing direction and / or firing time, means actuated by the computer from at least one deviation information provided by the designator. remote.
  • the munition or submunition may comprise at least one optical technology target detection means and this means may constitute the receiving means of the confirmation order and / or the deviation measurement information or information.
  • the munition or submunition may comprise at least one laser technology target detection means associating a transmitter and a receiver, this means ensuring the sending with a given frequency of a laser beam.
  • the target detection means will also be able to receive the confirmation order and / or the deviation measurement information (s) in the form of at least one laser signal.
  • the target detection means may be associated with the computer which will also incorporate an algorithm for recognizing at least one characteristic of the target sought.
  • the invention finally relates to a target designator which is intended to locate a target on a field area and which also implements the method according to the invention.
  • This designator is characterized in that it observes the target with a passive optical observation means ensuring the detection of a laser beam emitted by a munition or submunition, the designator also incorporating transmission means ensuring the issuance of a confirmation order and / or at least one deviation measurement information when it has detected the beam from the ammunition or submunition.
  • the target designator may incorporate a deviator for determining the position of the laser beam emitted by the ammunition or submunition with respect to at least two detection zones, the transmission means ensuring the sending to the ammunition or sub-ammunition. at least one deviation measurement information that can be used by the latter to correct its trajectory, and / or its firing direction, and / or its firing instant.
  • the transmission means may be a radio means ensuring the transmission of the confirmation order and / or the information of deviation over the air.
  • the transmission means may be an optical transmitter means sending at least one laser pulse to the munition or submunition via the designated target.
  • the figure 1 shows a target 1 located on a field 2 of operations and which must be destroyed using an attack system 3 according to the invention.
  • the target may be for example an armored vehicle or a command post.
  • This attack system comprises, on the one hand, a target designator 4 (or more generally an observation means), which is here secured to an overhead means 5 (such as a drone), and on the other hand at least one ammunition or submunition 6 which overflows the area of land and which comprises a military head and means for triggering the latter.
  • the submunition is here stabilized by a means such as a parachute 7 and it was ejected above the ground by a cargo projectile 8, for example an artillery shell.
  • Cargo projectiles are well known to those skilled in the art, it will suffice to refer for example to the patent FR2741143 which describes such a cargo shell dispersing anti-tank submunitions.
  • the military head and its triggering means are not shown in the figures. Such military heads are also well known to those skilled in the art and are not the subject of the present invention.
  • the military head has a direction of attack D which is here substantially confused with a direction of detection of an onboard detection means 9 incorporating a laser source.
  • the laser source provides the sending to the ground 2 of a laser beam 10 with a given repetition frequency of the order of a few kHz.
  • the opening of the laser beam 10 is of the order of a few tenths of a degree, resulting in a laser spot on the ground of about 1 m 2 .
  • the target designator 4 comprises a passive optical observation means, for example a matrix of detectors sensitive to the laser radiation emitted by the detection means 9.
  • This observation means is sensitive according to an observation cone 11 which has an opening of about 1 °.
  • the figure 2 schematizes more precisely the internal organization of the submunition 6 as well as that of the designator 4 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the sub-munition 6 thus incorporates a detection means 9 which comprises a laser transmitter 12 coupled to a transmission optics 13 and a receiver 14 coupled to a reception optics 15.
  • the transmitter 12 and the receiver 14 are connected to a computer 16. The latter ensures the triggering of the transmission of the signals by the transmitter 12 and it ensures the processing of the signals received by the receiver 14.
  • the computer 16 also makes it possible to control the triggering of the firing of the warhead 17. It incorporates algorithms 18 which notably ensure the comparison between the received signals and potential target characteristics stored in one or more memories or registers 19.
  • Such an architecture of detection means 9 incorporated in a munition or ammunition is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the laser technology detection means make it possible in particular to provide target telemetry.
  • the characteristics of the signals reflected by a given target make it possible, after processing, to recognize a given target (shape recognition).
  • the laser detection means are most often associated with detection means using another technology, for example infrared optical detection means or millimetric radar.
  • Rectangle 20 thus provides another detection means (for example infrared) incorporating a reception device 21, such as an array of infrared radiation sensors, coupled to a signal processing line 22. This detection means is also connected to the calculator 16.
  • a detection means for example infrared
  • This detection means is also connected to the calculator 16.
  • the computer 16 uses the target information provided by the laser detection means 9 and the infrared optical means 20 to recognize a given thermal signature and silhouette target and then trigger the fire of the warhead 17 which will advantageously be a core generating charge.
  • the driving system 3 also comprises a designator 4.
  • the latter mainly incorporates a passive optical observation means 23 comprising an optical element 24 and a detector 25 which is selected sensitive to the wavelength of the laser radiation E issued by the issuer 12.
  • the designator also comprises a processing means 26 of the received signals which is coupled to a transmission means 27.
  • the function of the processing means is to recognize the signal supplied by the detector 25.
  • the processing means 26 controls the transmission by the transmission means 27 of a confirmation order 28.
  • the means 27 schematized here is a radio transmission means.
  • the munition or submunition thus incorporates a receiver means 29 of this order of confirmation of the firing trigger (antenna and decoding circuit).
  • the receiving means is coupled to the computer 16 which controls the triggering of the warhead.
  • the designator 4 carried by the drone 5 has its observation cone 11 directed towards a target 1.
  • the means of observation of the designator being passive, the target 1 can not detect such designation.
  • a vector not shown (such as a cargo projectile or another drone) has dispersed above the field at least one submunition 6 which is driven by a rotation movement ⁇ .
  • This submunition transmits towards the ground a laser beam 10 which describes a spiral ensuring a sweeping of the terrain.
  • the designator recognizes the signal emitted by a submunition 6 with which it is associated and then emits a confirmation signal (arrow C) towards the latter ( figure 3c ).
  • the submunition When the submunition receives the confirmation signal, its computer 16 authorizes the firing (T) of the warhead in the direction of the target ( figure 3d ).
  • the repetition frequency of the laser signal will be chosen so that the trigger can be triggered when the submunition is oriented towards the target (direction of action D intercepting the target).
  • Today's submunitions work in an autonomous way. They scan the terrain with their observation beams and only fire if they see a target with given characteristics and stored in memory (infra red signatures, radar, laser reflectivity, silhouettes ).
  • the invention makes it possible to improve the operation of these submunitions. Indeed we can choose to operate them in an autonomous way (classic operation), or to operate them only if a target with the desired characteristics is also designated (confirmation mode) or still operate systematically on receipt of a confirmation order (semi-active mode without target recognition).
  • the logigram of the figure 4 schematizes the different stages of operation of the method according to the invention.
  • Block A corresponds to a programming step of the desired operating mode. This step can be done before firing or dispersing the sub-munition. It corresponds to a choice of instructions at the level of the algorithms of the computer 16 embedded in the ammunition or submunition.
  • step B corresponds to a target detection by the submunition, for example using the laser detection means.
  • the test C corresponds to a first verification of the type of programming carried out: autonomous operation or not.
  • the computer 16 provides (block H) the different target recognition test before firing (block I). This operation is that of dispersible antitank submunitions known to date.
  • the sub-munition waits for a confirmation signal.
  • Block D corresponds to a stage carried out at the level of the designator. The latter waits to detect the laser signal emitted by the submunition. When it receives it, it issues a confirmation order (block E).
  • Block F corresponds to receipt by the submunition of the confirmation order sent by the designator.
  • the test G corresponds to another choice at the level of the submunition between two different modes of operation (mode of simple confirmation of target or not). This choice also depends on the programming that was given before shooting.
  • the submunition When target confirmation mode has been chosen, the submunition still checks the target's compliance designated with the expected nominal characteristics (block H). And it only triggers the shot if there is indeed a target recognition. This mode avoids multiple shots on an already attacked target or fratricidal fire.
  • step I If it is not the confirmation mode that has been chosen (negative G-test), it means that one wishes to trigger the shot directly on the designation.
  • the shooting of the submunition is then automatically triggered (step I). It can thus have a true semi-active operation, the submunition can attack targets for which its detection means are not designed. It suffices simply to ensure their designation by means of the passive designator 4.
  • FIGS. 5a to 5d show another embodiment of the invention from a designator 4 placed on the ground.
  • FIG. 5a the designator 4 carried by a support 30 and disposed at a distance from a building 31.
  • the detection cone 11 is directed towards one of the windows of the building that constitutes the target 1 (an enemy weapon system is for example positioned at this window).
  • the figure 5b shows a submunition 6 animated with a rotation movement ⁇ and which descends vertically towards the ground.
  • the laser beam 10 emitted by this submunition 6 sweeps the ground in a spiral.
  • this beam passes at the level of the target window 1 ( figure 5c ) a portion of the laser beam is reflected (sector 32) to the designator 4.
  • the latter recognizes the laser radiation and issues a confirmation order 28 to the submunition ( figure 5d ).
  • the latter is then initiated (arrow T) and destroys the target 1.
  • the figure 6 schematizes the internal organization of the submunition 6 and that of the designator 4 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the submunition 6 incorporates a detection means 9 which comprises a laser transmitter 12 coupled to a transmission optics 13 and a receiver 14 coupled to a reception optics 15.
  • Transmitter 12 and receiver 14 are both connected to the computer 16 which triggers the transmission E of signals by the transmitter 12 and processes the signals R received by the receiver 14.
  • the computer 16 again makes it possible to control the triggering of the warhead 17 and incorporates algorithms 18 and one or more memories where registers 19.
  • This figure also shows another detection means 20 (for example infrared) incorporating a reception device 21 and a signal processing chain 22.
  • another detection means 20 for example infrared
  • the driving system 3 also comprises a designator 4 which incorporates, as previously, a passive optical observation means 23, comprising an optics 24 and a selected detector 25 sensitive to the laser radiation emitted by the transmitter 12.
  • the transmission means 27 is an optical transmitter means associating a laser source 33 and a collimation optic 34.
  • This transmission means 27 is controlled by the processing means 26. When the latter detects a signal E R emitted by the laser source 9 of the submunition (signal E reflected by the target), it commands the sending of at least one laser pulse I C to the submunition via the target 1.
  • this pulse is received by the detection means 9 of the submunition.
  • the laser receiving means 14 and 15 can be used to detect the confirmation laser pulse I C. This latter solution has the advantage of not modifying the structure of the submunition and the detection means used.
  • the invention then imposes only a simple modification of the algorithms 18 of the computer 16 to ensure the operation according to the method of the invention.
  • FIGS 7a to 7d show the different operating steps of the driving system according to this second embodiment.
  • the designator 4 carried by the drone 5 has its observation cone 11 directed towards a target 1.
  • the submunition 6 is driven by a rotation movement ⁇ and emits a laser beam 10 towards the ground which describes a spiral ensuring a sweeping of the ground.
  • the designator recognizes the signal emitted by a submunition 6 to which it is associated and then emits a confirmation laser pulse (arrow I C ) towards the target 1 ( Figure 7c ).
  • This pulse is reflected in part by the target (arrow I CR ) and is retransmitted to the submunition.
  • the latter receives the confirmation signal, its computer 16 causes the military head to be fired towards the target ( figure 7d ).
  • This embodiment of the invention has the advantage of simplifying the design of the submunition. It is in fact no longer necessary to provide therein specific receiving means for the confirmation signal.
  • Figures 8a, 8b and 8c show another embodiment of the invention from a designator 4 placed on the ground.
  • the figure 8a shows a submunition 6 animated with a rotation movement ⁇ and which descends vertically towards the ground.
  • the laser beam 10 emitted by this submunition 6 scans the terrain in a spiral.
  • the latter recognizes the laser radiation and emits ( figure 8b ) a confirmation command in the form of a pulse I C directed towards the target 1.
  • This pulse forms a beam 37 which is reflected in part (beam 38) towards the submunition 6.
  • the designator integral with any type of aircraft (aircraft, helicopter, drone). It can also be left on the ground or it can be worn by an infantryman or a land vehicle. It can also be worn by a terrestrial remote operated robot. In this case we can provide the designator or robot a camera to facilitate its control, this camera can also play the role of passive observation means.
  • This vector can be an artillery shell, a mortar projectile, a rocket or a drone.
  • a weapon system such as a gun or a howitzer or a rocket launcher.
  • This ammunition is here stabilized by a stabilizer 41 which communicates a rotational movement. It comprises at its warhead means 9 of target detection which projects a laser beam 10. The latter sweeps the spiral space due to the rotational movement ⁇ of the munition 39.
  • the laser beam 10 is slightly inclined by relative to the firing axis D.
  • the munition 39 comprises means 42 for correcting its trajectory.
  • the impulse trajectory correction means are well known to those skilled in the art. For example, one could consult patents FR2632722 or FR2627268 which describe such path correction means.
  • trajectory correction means such as duck rudders.
  • patents FR2846080 and FR03-15601 which describe such control surfaces.
  • the passive observation means of the designator 4 comprises a difference-meter which makes it possible to distinguish at least two detection zones 44 (here three zones are represented 44a, 44b and 44c).
  • a differential is conventional, the observation means using a matrix of detectors can easily assign coordinates to the various points detected in the plane of the matrix.
  • the advantage of operating the means of observation of the designator 4 in the devometer is that it is then possible to determine the position of the laser beam 10 emitted by the munition 39 relative to the detection zones 44 materialized by the designator.
  • the processing means 26 of the signals received by the designator can then calculate a positioning error information of the laser beam with respect to the position of the target (which is for example the area common to the three detection zones).
  • this deviation information will be transmitted by the transmission means of the designator to the munition 39 (arrow 28).
  • the latter can then use this gap information to correct its trajectory.
  • the computer 16 embedded in the munition will process the deviation measurement information in the same way as if it were produced directly from the detection means embedded in the projectile. Thanks to the designator, the projectile thus knows the coordinates of the intersection of its firing axis D (which is here the axis of the ammunition) in the plane of the target. Of course, it is possible to define an ammunition whose axis of fire of the military head would be different.
  • the projectile is equipped with an inertial measurement unit, it knows its position in rotation (it can also be equipped with a rangefinder and know its distance to the target).
  • the computer 16 is therefore able to deduce the impeller or impellers that it must initiate to correct the orientation of the firing axis D.
  • firing direction D for example by implementing a military head whose direction of fire is adjustable, for example by changing the position of the head relative to to the projectile or by choice of a set of initiators having an appropriate location relative to the military head.
  • the confirmation order is not absolutely necessary. Only discrepancy information is useful to correct the accuracy of the shot.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Steering Controls (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des procédés de commande du déclenchement du tir d'une munition ou sous-munition à partir d'une détection de cible ainsi que celui des systèmes d'attaque mettant en oeuvre un tel procédé.The technical field of the invention is that of the methods for controlling the firing of a munition or submunition from a target detection as well as that of the attacking systems implementing such a method.

On connaît le brevet US-5601024 qui décrit un missile comportant une fusée équipée d'émetteurs et de récepteurs dont le rôle est de mesurer la distance avec une cible pour commander l'explosion à une distance proche de celle-ci.The patent is known US 5601024 which describes a missile comprising a rocket equipped with transmitters and receivers whose role is to measure the distance with a target to control the explosion at a distance close to it.

On connaît également le brevet US-2989640 décrivant un système de guidage d'un missile apte à recevoir des ordres de correction de trajectoire afin de faire correspondre la trajectoire de ce missile avec la direction de visée.The patent is also known US 2989640 describing a missile guidance system adapted to receive trajectory correction commands to match the trajectory of the missile with the aiming direction.

On connaît par le brevet FR2747185 un système d'attaque mettant en oeuvre une sous munition équipée d'un détecteur et un désignateur de cible disposé sur le terrain.We know by the patent FR2747185 an attack system employing a submunition equipped with a detector and a target designator disposed in the field.

Cette sous munition observe le terrain suivant une courbe en spirale lors de sa trajectoire de descente. Lorsqu'elle détecte une impulsion laser émise par le désignateur, l'initiation de la tête militaire est automatiquement commandée.This submunition observes the terrain following a spiral curve during its descent trajectory. When detecting a laser pulse emitted by the designator, the initiation of the warhead is automatically controlled.

Ce dispositif présente pour principal inconvénient que les performances du désignateur sont limitées à la mise en oeuvre d'une munition ou sous-munition ayant une vitesse de balayage de détection peu importante (de l'ordre de 50 mètres par seconde).This device has the main disadvantage that the performance of the designator is limited to the implementation of a munition or submunition having a low detection detection rate (of the order of 50 meters per second).

Pour rendre ce type de désignateur compatible d'une munition ou sous-munition plus performante, donc ayant une vitesse de balayage plus rapide, il faudrait augmenter la fréquence d'émission des impulsions laser et également la puissance de ce dernier dans des proportions telles que l'emploi opérationnel serait peu envisageable.To make this type of compatible designator of a munition or submunition more efficient, therefore having a faster scanning speed, it would be necessary to increase the frequency of emission of the laser pulses and also the power of the latter in proportions such that operational employment is unlikely.

Par ailleurs le désignateur disposé sur le terrain proposé par le brevet FR2747185 est un désignateur actif. Il peut donc être facilement repéré par la cible désignée.In addition, the designer appointed on the ground proposed by the patent FR2747185 is an active designator. It can therefore be easily spotted by the designated target.

Ainsi, à partir du document FR 2747185 , l'invention a pour but de proposer un procédé de commande d'une munition à partir d'un désignateur distant, procédé pouvant être mis en oeuvre avec une munition ou sous-munition à vitesse de balayage élevée (supérieure à quelques km/s) et assurant une commande à distance fiable, discrète et consommant peu d'énergie.So, from the document FR 2747185 the object of the invention is to propose a method for controlling a munition from a remote designator, which method can be implemented with a high scanning speed munition or submunition (greater than a few km / s) and ensuring a reliable remote control, discreet and consuming little energy.

L'invention vise notamment la commande du déclenchement de tir de la tête militaire embarquée par la munition ou sous-munition.The invention aims in particular to control the firing trigger of the military head on board by the ammunition or submunition.

L'invention propose également un procédé permettant d'améliorer la précision du tir des munitions ou sous-munitions en permettant à celles ci de corriger leur trajectoire, ou leur direction de tir, ou leur instant de tir à partir d'informations sur la cible qui sont recueillies au niveau d'un désignateur et d'une façon discrète.The invention also proposes a method making it possible to improve the accuracy of firing of ammunition or submunitions by allowing them to correct their trajectory, or their direction of fire, or their firing time from target information that is collected at a designator level and in a discrete manner.

L'invention a également pour objet un système d'attaque mettant en oeuvre un tel procédé ainsi que les deux composants essentiels de ce système d'attaque : la munition (ou sous-munition) et le désignateur.The subject of the invention is also an attack system implementing such a method as well as the two essential components of this attack system: the ammunition (or submunition) and the designator.

Ainsi l'invention a pour objet un procédé de commande d'une munition ou sous-munition, et notamment de commande du déclenchement du tir et/ou de commande d'une correction de trajectoire et/ou d'une direction de tir, à partir d'une détection de cible, procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes :

  • on balaye à partir de la munition ou sous-munition une zone de terrain à l'aide d'un faisceau laser,
  • on observe une cible potentielle située sur le terrain avec un moyen d'observation passif,
  • lorsque le moyen d'observation passif détecte le faisceau laser issu de la munition ou de la sous-munition, on commande l'émission d'un ordre de confirmation et/ou d'au moins une information d'écartométrie à partir du moyen d'observation et vers la munition ou sous-munition.
Thus, the subject of the invention is a method for controlling a munition or submunition, and in particular for controlling the triggering of the firing and / or for controlling a trajectory correction and / or a firing direction, to from a target detection, the method comprising the following steps:
  • a field area is scanned from the ammunition or submunition using a laser beam,
  • there is a potential target located in the field with passive observation means,
  • when the passive observation means detects the laser beam coming from the ammunition or the submunition, the emission of a confirmation order and / or of at least one deviation measurement information is commanded from the means of observation and to ammunition or submunition.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, on ne déclenchera le tir de la munition ou sous-munition que si elle reçoit un ordre de confirmation.According to a particular embodiment, the firing of the ammunition or submunition will only be triggered if it receives a confirmation order.

Dans le cas où la munition ou sous-munition comporte des moyens de détection de cible embarqués, on pourra ne déclencher le tir de la munition ou sous-munition que si elle a reçu un ordre de confirmation et si par ailleurs ses moyens de détection de cible confirment que cette dernière a des caractéristiques qui correspondent à celles d'une cible potentielle.In the case where the ammunition or submunition includes on-board target detection means, the firing of the ammunition or submunition can only be triggered if it has received a confirmation order and if its means of detection of The target group confirms that the latter has characteristics that correspond to those of a potential target.

L'ordre de confirmation et/ou la ou les informations d'écartométrie pourront être transmis par voie hertzienne.The confirmation order and / or the deviation measurement information may be transmitted over the air.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, l'ordre de confirmation et/ou la ou les informations d'écartométrie seront transmis par voie optique sous la forme d'au moins une impulsion laser envoyée par le moyen d'observation vers la cible et reçue, après réflexion sur cette dernière, par des moyens de détection embarqués dans la munition ou sous-munition.According to a preferred embodiment, the confirmation order and / or the deviation measurement information or information will be transmitted optically in the form of at least one laser pulse sent by the observation means to the target and received, after reflection on the latter, by detection means embedded in the ammunition or submunition.

Dans le cas où la munition ou sous-munition est dotée de moyens de correction de trajectoire et/ou de direction de tir et/ou de correction de l'instant de tir, on pourra émettre à partir du moyen d'observation au moins une information d'écartométrie qui sera déterminée par le moyen d'observation à partir de la localisation du faisceau laser issu de la munition ou de la sous-munition par rapport à au moins deux zones de détection définies par le moyen d'observation, l'information d'écartométrie est alors utilisée par la munition ou sous-munition pour réaliser au moins une correction de trajectoire et/ou de direction de tir et/ou de l'instant de tir.In the case where the ammunition or submunition is provided with means of correction of trajectory and / or direction of fire and / or correction of the moment of firing, it will be possible to emit from the observation means at least one deviation measurement information that will be determined by the observation means from the location of the laser beam from the ammunition or the submunition with respect to at least two detection zones defined by the observation means, the deviation measurement information is then used by the ammunition or submunition to achieve at least a trajectory correction and / or direction of fire and / or shooting time.

L'invention a également pour objet un système d'attaque mettant en oeuvre, d'une part au moins un désignateur de cible, disposé au sol, ou sur un véhicule, ou porté par un moyen aérien, et d'autre part au moins une munition ou sous-munition envoyée au-dessus d'une zone de terrain et comportant une tête militaire ainsi que des moyens assurant le tir de la tête militaire. Ce système d'attaque met en oeuvre le procédé selon l'invention et il est caractérisé en ce que la munition ou sous-munition comporte une source laser assurant un balayage du terrain, le désignateur de cible étant par ailleurs un désignateur observant avec un moyen d'observation passif une cible potentielle située sur le terrain, le moyen d'observation passif assurant la détection du faisceau laser issu de la munition ou sous-munition, et des moyens de transmission étant prévus, couplés au désignateur, et assurant l'émission d'au moins un ordre de confirmation et/ou d'au moins une information d'écartométrie lorsque le désignateur a détecté le faisceau issu de la munition ou sous-munition.The subject of the invention is also an attack system implementing, on the one hand at least one target designator, disposed on the ground, or on a vehicle, or carried by an overhead means, and on the other hand at least a munition or submunition sent over an area of land and including a military head and means for firing the military head. This attack system implements the method according to the invention and is characterized in that the munition or submunition comprises a laser source ensuring a sweeping of the terrain, the target designator being moreover a designator observing with a means passive observing a potential target located in the field, the passive observation means ensuring the detection of the laser beam from the ammunition or submunition, and transmission means being provided, coupled to the designator, and ensuring the emission at least one confirmation order and / or at least one deviation measurement information when the designator has detected the beam from the ammunition or submunition.

Avantageusement, le désignateur pourra incorporer un écartomètre permettant de déterminer la position du faisceau laser émis par la munition ou sous-munition par rapport à au moins deux zones de détection, les moyens de transmission assurant alors l'envoi à la munition ou sous-munition d'au moins une information d'écartométrie pouvant être utilisée par celle ci pour corriger sa trajectoire et/ou sa direction de tir et/ou son instant de tir.Advantageously, the designator will be able to incorporate a discrepancy device making it possible to determine the position of the laser beam emitted by the ammunition or submunition with respect to at least two detection zones, the transmission means then ensuring the sending to the ammunition or submunition at minus a deviation measurement information that can be used by the latter to correct its trajectory and / or its direction of fire and / or its instant of fire.

Le désignateur pourra envoyer son ordre de confirmation et/ou la ou les informations d'écartométrie sous la forme d'au moins une impulsion laser dirigée vers la cible.The designator may send his confirmation order and / or the deviation measurement information (s) in the form of at least one laser pulse directed towards the target.

La munition ou sous-munition pourra incorporer au moins un moyen de détection de technologie laser associant un émetteur et un récepteur et assurant l'envoi vers une cible potentielle et avec une fréquence de répétition donnée d'un faisceau laser.The ammunition or submunition may incorporate at least one laser technology detecting means associating a transmitter and a receiver and ensuring the sending to a potential target and with a given repetition frequency of a laser beam.

Avantageusement, le moyen de détection pourra assurer également la réception de l'ordre de confirmation et/ou la ou les informations d'écartométrie sous la forme d'au moins un signal laser envoyé par le désignateur.Advantageously, the detection means can also ensure the reception of the confirmation order and / or the deviation measurement information or in the form of at least one laser signal sent by the designator.

Le désignateur pourra être porté par un aéronef tel un drone. Alternativement, le désignateur pourra être posé au sol ou porté par un véhicule ou un fantassin.The designator may be carried by an aircraft such as a drone. Alternatively, the designator may be placed on the ground or carried by a vehicle or an infantryman.

La ou les sous-munitions pourront être dispersées au-dessus d'une zone de terrain par un porteur tel un drone ou un projectile cargo.The submunition (s) may be dispersed over a terrain zone by a carrier such as a drone or a cargo projectile.

L'invention a également pour objet une munition ou sous-munition qui est destinée à être envoyée au-dessus d'une zone de terrain et qui comporte une tête militaire ainsi que des moyens assurant le tir de la tête militaire, munition ou sous-munition qui permet la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention. Cette munition ou sous-munition est caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend au moins une source laser ayant une direction de détection proche de la direction d'attaque de la tête militaire et assurant l'envoi vers une cible potentielle d'un faisceau laser, avec une fréquence de répétition donnée, lors du vol de la munition ou sous-munition, cette dernière incorporant également un moyen récepteur d'un ordre de confirmation du déclenchement du tir et/ou d'au moins une information d'écartométrie, moyen récepteur couplé à un calculateur pilotant le déclenchement de la tête militaire, l'ordre de confirmation étant fourni par un désignateur distinct de la munition ou sous-munition et incorporant un moyen d'observation passif.The invention also relates to a munition or submunition which is intended to be sent over a terrain zone and which comprises a military head and means for firing the military head, ammunition or sub-ammunition ammunition that allows the implementation of the method according to the invention. This ammunition or submunition is characterized in that it comprises at least one laser source having a detection direction close to the direction of attack of the warhead and ensuring the sending to a potential target of a laser beam, with a given repetition frequency, during the flight of the ammunition or submunition, the latter also incorporating a receiving means of a firing trigger confirmation order and / or at least one deviation measurement information, receiver means coupled to a computer controlling the triggering of the warhead, the confirmation order being provided by a designator separate from the ammunition or sub-munition and incorporating passive means of observation.

La munition ou sous-munition pourra comporter des moyens de correction de trajectoire et/ou de direction de tir et/ou de son instant de tir, moyens actionnés par le calculateur à partir d'au moins une information d'écartométrie fournie par le désignateur distant.The munition or submunition may include means for correcting trajectory and / or firing direction and / or firing time, means actuated by the computer from at least one deviation information provided by the designator. remote.

La munition ou sous-munition pourra comporter au moins un moyen de détection de cible de technologie optique et ce moyen pourra constituer le moyen récepteur de l'ordre de confirmation et/ou de la ou des informations d'écartométrie.The munition or submunition may comprise at least one optical technology target detection means and this means may constitute the receiving means of the confirmation order and / or the deviation measurement information or information.

La munition ou sous-munition pourra comporter au moins un moyen de détection de cible de technologie laser associant un émetteur et un récepteur, ce moyen assurant l'envoi avec une fréquence donnée d'un faisceau laser.The munition or submunition may comprise at least one laser technology target detection means associating a transmitter and a receiver, this means ensuring the sending with a given frequency of a laser beam.

Le moyen de détection de cible pourra assurer également la réception de l'ordre de confirmation et/ou de la ou des informations d'écartométrie sous la forme d'au moins un signal laser.The target detection means will also be able to receive the confirmation order and / or the deviation measurement information (s) in the form of at least one laser signal.

Le ou les moyens de détection de cible pourront être associés au calculateur qui incorporera également un algorithme de reconnaissance d'au moins une caractéristique de la cible recherchée.The target detection means may be associated with the computer which will also incorporate an algorithm for recognizing at least one characteristic of the target sought.

Avantageusement le calculateur pourra être programmé de façon à faire fonctionner la munition ou sous-munition selon au moins deux modes différents parmi les trois modes suivants:

  • déclenchement du tir de la tête militaire après détection d'une cible ayant des caractéristiques données, déclenchement automatique du tir après réception d'un ordre de confirmation,
  • déclenchement du tir si un ordre de confirmation est reçu et si la cible a également des caractéristiques données.
Advantageously, the computer may be programmed to operate the ammunition or submunition according to at least two different modes from the following three modes:
  • firing of the military head after detection of a target having given characteristics, automatic firing after receipt of a confirmation order,
  • triggering the firing if a confirmation order is received and if the target also has given characteristics.

L'invention a enfin pour objet un désignateur de cible qui est destiné à repérer une cible sur une zone de terrain et qui met lui aussi en oeuvre le procédé selon l'invention. Ce désignateur est caractérisé en ce qu'il observe la cible avec un moyen d'observation optique passif assurant la détection d'un faisceau laser émis par une munition ou sous-munition, le désignateur incorporant par ailleurs des moyens de transmission assurant l'émission d'un ordre de confirmation et/ou d'au moins une information d'écartométrie lorsqu'il a détecté le faisceau issu de la munition ou sous-munition.The invention finally relates to a target designator which is intended to locate a target on a field area and which also implements the method according to the invention. This designator is characterized in that it observes the target with a passive optical observation means ensuring the detection of a laser beam emitted by a munition or submunition, the designator also incorporating transmission means ensuring the issuance of a confirmation order and / or at least one deviation measurement information when it has detected the beam from the ammunition or submunition.

Le désignateur de cible pourra incorporer un écartomètre permettant de déterminer la position du faisceau laser émis par la munition ou sous-munition par rapport à au moins deux zones de détection, les moyens de transmission assurant l'envoi à la munition ou sous-munition d'au moins une information d'écartométrie pouvant être utilisée par celle ci pour corriger sa trajectoire, et/ou sa direction de tir, et/ou son instant de tir.The target designator may incorporate a deviator for determining the position of the laser beam emitted by the ammunition or submunition with respect to at least two detection zones, the transmission means ensuring the sending to the ammunition or sub-ammunition. at least one deviation measurement information that can be used by the latter to correct its trajectory, and / or its firing direction, and / or its firing instant.

Le moyen de transmission pourra être un moyen radio assurant l'émission de l'ordre de confirmation et/ou de la ou des informations d'écartométrie par voie hertzienne.The transmission means may be a radio means ensuring the transmission of the confirmation order and / or the information of deviation over the air.

Avantageusement, le moyen de transmission pourra être un moyen émetteur optique envoyant au moins une impulsion laser vers la munition ou sous-munition via la cible désignée.Advantageously, the transmission means may be an optical transmitter means sending at least one laser pulse to the munition or submunition via the designated target.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre de différents modes de réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 schématise un mode de mise en oeuvre d'un système d'attaque selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est un schéma montrant l'organisation d'une' munition ou sous-munition et d'un désignateur selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • les figures 3a, 3b, 3c et 3d montrent quatre étapes successives du fonctionnement d'un système d'attaque selon un mode de mise en oeuvre de ce premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 4 est un logigramme schématisant les différents modes de fonctionnement d'un système d'attaque selon l'invention,
  • les figures 5a, 5b, 5c et 5d montrent quatre étapes successives du fonctionnement d'un système d'attaque selon un autre mode de mise en oeuvre de ce premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 6 est un schéma montrant l'organisation d'une munition ou sous-munition et d'un désignateur selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • les figures 7a, 7b, 7c et 7d montrent quatre étapes successives du fonctionnement d'un système d'attaque selon un mode de mise en oeuvre de ce deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • les figures 8a, 8b et 8c montrent trois étapes successives du fonctionnement d'un système d'attaque selon un autre mode de mise en oeuvre de ce deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, et
  • la figure 9 est un schéma montrant la mise en oeuvre d'un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of various embodiments, a description given with reference to the appended drawings and in which:
  • the figure 1 schematically an embodiment of an attack system according to an embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 2 is a diagram showing the organization of a munition or submunition and a designator according to a first embodiment of the invention,
  • the Figures 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d show four successive steps of the operation of an attacking system according to an embodiment of this first embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 4 is a logic diagram schematizing the different modes of operation of an attack system according to the invention,
  • the Figures 5a, 5b , 5c and 5d show four successive steps of the operation of an attack system according to another embodiment of this first embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 6 is a diagram showing the organization of a munition or submunition and a designator according to a second embodiment of the invention,
  • the Figures 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d show four successive stages of the operation of an attack system according to an embodiment of this second embodiment of the invention,
  • the Figures 8a, 8b and 8c show three successive stages of the operation of an attack system according to another embodiment of this second embodiment of the invention, and
  • the figure 9 is a diagram showing the implementation of another embodiment of the invention.

La figure 1 montre une cible 1 située sur un terrain 2 d'opérations et qui doit être détruite à l'aide d'un système d'attaque 3 selon l'invention. La cible peut être par exemple un véhicule blindé ou un poste de commandement.The figure 1 shows a target 1 located on a field 2 of operations and which must be destroyed using an attack system 3 according to the invention. The target may be for example an armored vehicle or a command post.

Ce système d'attaque comprend, d'une part un désignateur de cible 4 (ou plus généralement d'un moyen d'observation), qui est ici solidaire d'un moyen aérien 5 (tel un drone), et d'autre part au moins une munition ou sous-munition 6 qui survole la zone de terrain et qui comporte une tête militaire ainsi que des moyens assurant le déclenchement de cette dernière. La sous-munition est ici stabilisée par un moyen tel un parachute 7 et elle a été éjectée au-dessus du terrain par un projectile cargo 8, par exemple un obus d'artillerie.This attack system comprises, on the one hand, a target designator 4 (or more generally an observation means), which is here secured to an overhead means 5 (such as a drone), and on the other hand at least one ammunition or submunition 6 which overflows the area of land and which comprises a military head and means for triggering the latter. The submunition is here stabilized by a means such as a parachute 7 and it was ejected above the ground by a cargo projectile 8, for example an artillery shell.

Les projectiles cargos sont bien connus de l'Homme du Métier, il suffira de se reporter par exemple au brevet FR2741143 qui décrit un tel obus cargo dispersant des sous-munitions antichar.Cargo projectiles are well known to those skilled in the art, it will suffice to refer for example to the patent FR2741143 which describes such a cargo shell dispersing anti-tank submunitions.

La tête militaire et ses moyens de déclenchement ne sont pas représentés sur les figures. De telles têtes militaires sont également bien connues de l'Homme du Métier et ne font pas l'objet de la présente invention. On pourra se reporter par exemple au brevet FR-2691797 qui décrit un dispositif d'amorçage et aux brevets FR-2793314 et FR-2759158 qui décrivent des têtes militaires à charge génératrice de noyau pour sous munitions dispersables.The military head and its triggering means are not shown in the figures. Such military heads are also well known to those skilled in the art and are not the subject of the present invention. We can refer to for example to the patent FR-2691797 which describes a boot device and patents FR-2793314 and FR-2759158 which describe nucleus-generating warheads for dispersible submunitions.

La tête militaire a une direction d'attaque D qui est ici sensiblement confondue avec une direction de détection d'un moyen de détection 9 embarqué incorporant une source laser.The military head has a direction of attack D which is here substantially confused with a direction of detection of an onboard detection means 9 incorporating a laser source.

La source laser assure l'envoi vers le sol 2 d'un faisceau laser 10 avec une fréquence de répétition donnée de l'ordre de quelques kHz. L'ouverture du faisceau laser 10 est de l'ordre de quelques dixièmes de degré, il en résulte une tache laser au sol d'environ 1 m2.The laser source provides the sending to the ground 2 of a laser beam 10 with a given repetition frequency of the order of a few kHz. The opening of the laser beam 10 is of the order of a few tenths of a degree, resulting in a laser spot on the ground of about 1 m 2 .

Par ailleurs le désignateur de cible 4 comporte un moyen d'observation optique passif, par exemple une matrice de détecteurs sensibles au rayonnement laser émis par le moyen de détection 9. Ce moyen d'observation est sensible suivant un cône d'observation 11 qui a une ouverture d'environ 1°.Furthermore, the target designator 4 comprises a passive optical observation means, for example a matrix of detectors sensitive to the laser radiation emitted by the detection means 9. This observation means is sensitive according to an observation cone 11 which has an opening of about 1 °.

La figure 2 schématise plus précisément l'organisation interne de la sous-munition 6 ainsi que celle du désignateur 4 selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention.The figure 2 schematizes more precisely the internal organization of the submunition 6 as well as that of the designator 4 according to a first embodiment of the invention.

La sous munition 6 incorpore ainsi un moyen de détection 9 qui comporte un émetteur laser 12 couplé à une optique d'émission 13 et un récepteur 14 couplé à une optique de réception 15.The sub-munition 6 thus incorporates a detection means 9 which comprises a laser transmitter 12 coupled to a transmission optics 13 and a receiver 14 coupled to a reception optics 15.

L'émetteur 12 et le récepteur 14 sont reliés à un calculateur 16. Ce dernier assure le déclenchement de l'émission des signaux par l'émetteur 12 et il assure le traitement des signaux reçus par le récepteur 14.The transmitter 12 and the receiver 14 are connected to a computer 16. The latter ensures the triggering of the transmission of the signals by the transmitter 12 and it ensures the processing of the signals received by the receiver 14.

Le calculateur 16 permet également de commander le déclenchement du tir de la tête militaire 17. Il incorpore des algorithmes 18 qui assurent notamment la comparaison entre les signaux reçus et des caractéristiques de cibles potentielles conservées dans une ou plusieurs mémoires ou registres 19.The computer 16 also makes it possible to control the triggering of the firing of the warhead 17. It incorporates algorithms 18 which notably ensure the comparison between the received signals and potential target characteristics stored in one or more memories or registers 19.

Une telle architecture de moyens de détection 9 incorporés dans une munition ou sous munition est bien connue de l'Homme du Métier. Les moyens de détection de technologie laser permettent notamment d'assurer une télémétrie de cible. Par ailleurs les caractéristiques des signaux réfléchis par une cible donnée permettent après traitement de reconnaître une cible donnée (reconnaissance de forme).Such an architecture of detection means 9 incorporated in a munition or ammunition is well known to those skilled in the art. The laser technology detection means make it possible in particular to provide target telemetry. Moreover, the characteristics of the signals reflected by a given target make it possible, after processing, to recognize a given target (shape recognition).

Pour améliorer la qualité de la détection de cible, les moyens de détection laser sont le plus souvent associés à des moyens de détection mettant en oeuvre une autre technologie, par exemple des moyens de détection optique infra rouge ou radar millimétrique.To improve the quality of the target detection, the laser detection means are most often associated with detection means using another technology, for example infrared optical detection means or millimetric radar.

On a ainsi figuré par le rectangle 20 un autre moyen de détection (par exemple infrarouge) incorporant un dispositif de réception 21, tel une matrice de capteurs de rayonnement infrarouge, couplé à une chaîne de traitement de signal 22. Ce moyen de détection est lui aussi relié au calculateur 16.Rectangle 20 thus provides another detection means (for example infrared) incorporating a reception device 21, such as an array of infrared radiation sensors, coupled to a signal processing line 22. This detection means is also connected to the calculator 16.

D'une façon habituelle le calculateur 16 utilise les informations de cible fournies par les moyens de détection laser 9 et par les moyens optiques infrarouge 20 pour reconnaître une cible de signature thermique et de silhouette données et déclencher ensuite le tir de la tête militaire 17 qui sera avantageusement une charge génératrice de noyau.In a usual way the computer 16 uses the target information provided by the laser detection means 9 and the infrared optical means 20 to recognize a given thermal signature and silhouette target and then trigger the fire of the warhead 17 which will advantageously be a core generating charge.

Le système d'attaque 3 selon l'invention comporte également un désignateur 4. Ce dernier incorpore principalement un moyen d'observation optique passif 23 comprenant une optique 24 et un détecteur 25 qui est choisi sensible à la longueur d'onde du rayonnement laser E émis par l'émetteur 12.The driving system 3 according to the invention also comprises a designator 4. The latter mainly incorporates a passive optical observation means 23 comprising an optical element 24 and a detector 25 which is selected sensitive to the wavelength of the laser radiation E issued by the issuer 12.

Le désignateur comporte également un moyen de traitement 26 des signaux reçus qui est couplé à un moyen de transmission 27. Le moyen de traitement a pour fonction de reconnaître le signal fourni par le détecteur 25.The designator also comprises a processing means 26 of the received signals which is coupled to a transmission means 27. The function of the processing means is to recognize the signal supplied by the detector 25.

On pourra comparer par exemple la fréquence des signaux ER (signal E réfléchi sur la cible) qui sont reçus avec la fréquence des signaux que doit normalement émettre la munition ou sous-munition. On pourra également incorporer au niveau du moyen de traitement 26 un moyen de décodage qui permettra par exemple de reconnaître le signal émis par la munition ou sous-munition (par exemple dans le but d'éviter un leurrage du désignateur). Le signal laser pourra ainsi être codé.For example, it is possible to compare the frequency of the signals E R (signal E reflected on the target) which are received with the frequency of the signals that the ammunition or sub-munition must normally transmit. It will also be possible to incorporate, at the level of the processing means 26, a decoding means that will make it possible, for example, to recognize the signal emitted by the ammunition or submunition (for example in order to avoid decoying the designator). The laser signal can thus be coded.

Lorsque le moyen d'observation 23 reçoit un faisceau laser qui a été émis par une munition ou sous-munition et que le moyen de traitement 26 a vérifié que ce signal reçu était conforme à ce qui était attendu, le moyen de traitement 26 commande l'émission par le moyen de transmission 27 d'un ordre de confirmation 28.When the observation means 23 receives a laser beam that has been emitted by a munition or submunition and that the processing means 26 has verified that this received signal was as expected, the processing means 26 controls the transmission by the transmission means 27 of a confirmation order 28.

Le moyen 27 schématisé ici est un moyen de transmission radio. La munition ou sous-munition incorpore donc un moyen récepteur 29 de cet ordre de confirmation du déclenchement du tir (antenne et circuit de décodage). Le moyen récepteur est couplé au calculateur 16 qui pilote le déclenchement de la tête militaire.The means 27 schematized here is a radio transmission means. The munition or submunition thus incorporates a receiver means 29 of this order of confirmation of the firing trigger (antenna and decoding circuit). The receiving means is coupled to the computer 16 which controls the triggering of the warhead.

Le fonctionnement de ce mode de réalisation va être maintenant décrit en référence aux figures 3a, 3b, 3c et 3d.The operation of this embodiment will now be described with reference to Figures 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d .

On a représenté la première étape à la figure 3a. Le désignateur 4 porté par le drone 5 a son cône d'observation 11 dirigé vers une cible 1.We represented the first step at the figure 3a . The designator 4 carried by the drone 5 has its observation cone 11 directed towards a target 1.

Le moyen d'observation du désignateur étant passif la cible 1 ne peut pas détecter une telle désignation.The means of observation of the designator being passive, the target 1 can not detect such designation.

Un vecteur non représenté (tel un projectile cargo ou un autre drone) a dispersé au-dessus du terrain au moins une sous-munition 6 qui est animée d'un mouvement de rotation Ω. Cette sous-munition émet en direction du sol un faisceau laser 10 qui décrit une spirale assurant un balayage du terrain.A vector not shown (such as a cargo projectile or another drone) has dispersed above the field at least one submunition 6 which is driven by a rotation movement Ω. This submunition transmits towards the ground a laser beam 10 which describes a spiral ensuring a sweeping of the terrain.

Lorsque le faisceau 10 rencontre la cible 1 (figure 3b) une partie du faisceau laser émis E est réfléchie (flèche ER) et le rayonnement laser est alors vu par le moyen d'observation du désignateur 4.When the beam 10 meets the target 1 ( figure 3b ) a part of the emitted laser beam E is reflected (arrow E R ) and the laser radiation is then seen by the observation means of the designator 4.

Le désignateur reconnaît le signal émis par une sous-munition 6 à laquelle il est associé et il émet alors un signal de confirmation (flèche C) vers cette dernière (figure 3c).The designator recognizes the signal emitted by a submunition 6 with which it is associated and then emits a confirmation signal (arrow C) towards the latter ( figure 3c ).

Lorsque la sous-munition reçoit le signal de confirmation, son calculateur 16 autorise le tir (T) de la tête militaire en direction de la cible (figure 3d).When the submunition receives the confirmation signal, its computer 16 authorizes the firing (T) of the warhead in the direction of the target ( figure 3d ).

La fréquence de répétition du signal laser sera choisie de telle sorte que le déclenchement puisse être provoqué lorsque la sous-munition se trouve orientée vers la cible (direction d'action D interceptant la cible).The repetition frequency of the laser signal will be chosen so that the trigger can be triggered when the submunition is oriented towards the target (direction of action D intercepting the target).

Pour une sous-munition animée d'un mouvement de rotation sur elle-même de l'ordre de la dizaine de tours par seconde, il suffit d'émettre de faisceau laser 10 avec une fréquence de répétition de quelques kHz ce qui est facilement réalisable techniquement.For a submunition with a rotational movement on itself of the order of ten revolutions per second, it is sufficient to emit laser beam 10 with a repetition frequency of a few kHz which is easily achievable technically.

On voit ainsi que grâce à l'invention il devient possible d'assurer un fonctionnement sur désignation avec une sous-munition animée d'un mouvement de rotation rapide ce qui est le cas des sous-munitions antichar dispersables réalisées aujourd'hui.It can thus be seen that, thanks to the invention, it becomes possible to ensure operation on designation with an animated sub-ammunition of a rapid rotational movement, which is the case of the dispersible antitank submunitions carried out today.

On voit également que l'invention permet d'assurer une désignation discrète et fiable d'un objectif.We also see that the invention makes it possible to ensure a discrete and reliable designation of an objective.

On a vu qu'avec le procédé selon l'invention on ne déclenchait le tir de la sous-munition que si celle ci recevait un ordre de confirmation.It has been seen that with the method according to the invention the firing of the submunition was only triggered if the latter received a confirmation order.

Les sous-munitions réalisées aujourd'hui fonctionnent d'une façon autonome. Elles balayent le terrain avec leurs faisceaux d'observation et ne déclenchent le tir que si elles voient une cible ayant des caractéristiques données et conservées en mémoire (signatures infra rouge, radar, réflectivité laser, silhouettes ...).Today's submunitions work in an autonomous way. They scan the terrain with their observation beams and only fire if they see a target with given characteristics and stored in memory (infra red signatures, radar, laser reflectivity, silhouettes ...).

L'invention permet d'améliorer le fonctionnement de ces sous-munitions. En effet on pourra au choix les faire fonctionner d'une façon autonome (fonctionnement classique), ou bien ne les faire fonctionner que si une cible ayant les caractéristiques recherchées est également désignée (mode de confirmation) ou encore les faire fonctionner systématiquement sur réception d'un ordre de confirmation (mode semi-actif sans reconnaissance de cible).The invention makes it possible to improve the operation of these submunitions. Indeed we can choose to operate them in an autonomous way (classic operation), or to operate them only if a target with the desired characteristics is also designated (confirmation mode) or still operate systematically on receipt of a confirmation order (semi-active mode without target recognition).

Avec des moyens relativement simple on obtient ainsi 3 modes de fonctionnements différents, dont deux permettent un choix des cibles à traiter. On peut ainsi limiter les effets non désirés et assurer une frappe plus précise sur le champ de bataille et notamment en zone urbaine.With relatively simple means three different operating modes are thus obtained, two of which make it possible to choose the targets to be processed. We can thus limit unwanted effects and ensure a more accurate strike on the battlefield and especially in urban areas.

Il est également possible de commander l'attaque d'une cible dont la signature n'aurait pas été suffisante pour provoquer le déclenchement de la tête militaire. On élargit donc également les capacités opérationnelles du système d'attaque.It is also possible to control the attack of a target whose signature would not have been sufficient to cause the triggering of the military head. Thus the operational capabilities of the attack system are also expanded.

Le logigramme de la figure 4 permet de schématiser ainsi les différentes étapes de fonctionnement du procédé selon l'invention.The logigram of the figure 4 schematizes the different stages of operation of the method according to the invention.

Le bloc A correspond à une étape de programmation du mode de fonctionnement souhaité. Cette étape pourra être réalisée avant le tir ou la dispersion de la sous munition. Elle correspond à un choix d'instructions au niveau des algorithmes du calculateur 16 embarqué dans la munition ou sous-munition.Block A corresponds to a programming step of the desired operating mode. This step can be done before firing or dispersing the sub-munition. It corresponds to a choice of instructions at the level of the algorithms of the computer 16 embedded in the ammunition or submunition.

La munition ou sous-munition se trouvant au-dessus du terrain, l'étape B correspond à une détection de cible par la sous munition, par exemple à l'aide des moyens de détection laser.Since the munition or submunition is above the ground, step B corresponds to a target detection by the submunition, for example using the laser detection means.

Le test C correspond à une première vérification du type de programmation effectué : fonctionnement autonome ou non.The test C corresponds to a first verification of the type of programming carried out: autonomous operation or not.

Si la sous-munition a été programmée pour fonctionner de façon autonome, le calculateur 16 assure (bloc H) les différents test de reconnaissance de cible avant de déclencher le tir (bloc I). Ce fonctionnement est celui des sous-munitions antichars dispersables connues à ce jour.If the submunition has been programmed to operate autonomously, the computer 16 provides (block H) the different target recognition test before firing (block I). This operation is that of dispersible antitank submunitions known to date.

Si le mode choisi n'est pas le mode autonome, la sous munition attend un signal de confirmation.If the chosen mode is not the standalone mode, the sub-munition waits for a confirmation signal.

Le bloc D correspond à une étape conduite au niveau du désignateur. Ce dernier attend de détecter le signal laser émis par la sous-munition. Lorsqu'il le reçoit, il émet un ordre de confirmation (bloc E).Block D corresponds to a stage carried out at the level of the designator. The latter waits to detect the laser signal emitted by the submunition. When it receives it, it issues a confirmation order (block E).

Le bloc F correspond à la réception par la sous-munition de l'ordre de confirmation envoyé par le désignateur.Block F corresponds to receipt by the submunition of the confirmation order sent by the designator.

Le test G correspond à un autre choix au niveau de la sous munition entre deux modes de fonctionnement différents (mode de simple confirmation de cible ou non). Ce choix dépend lui aussi de la programmation qui a été donnée avant tir.The test G corresponds to another choice at the level of the submunition between two different modes of operation (mode of simple confirmation of target or not). This choice also depends on the programming that was given before shooting.

Lorsque le mode confirmation de cible a été choisi, la sous munition vérifie encore la conformité de la cible désignée avec les caractéristiques nominales attendues (bloc H). Et elle ne déclenche le tir que s'il y a effectivement une reconnaissance de cible. Ce mode permet d'éviter les tirs multiples sur une cible déjà attaquée ou lès tirs fratricides.When target confirmation mode has been chosen, the submunition still checks the target's compliance designated with the expected nominal characteristics (block H). And it only triggers the shot if there is indeed a target recognition. This mode avoids multiple shots on an already attacked target or fratricidal fire.

Si ce n'est pas le mode de confirmation qui a été choisi (test G négatif), cela veut dire que l'on souhaite déclencher le tir directement sur la désignation. Le tir de la sous munition est alors automatiquement déclenché (étape I). On peut ainsi avoir un véritable fonctionnement semi-actif, la sous-munition peut donc attaquer des cibles pour lesquelles ses moyens de détection ne sont pas conçus. Il suffit simplement d'assurer leur désignation à l'aide du désignateur passif 4.If it is not the confirmation mode that has been chosen (negative G-test), it means that one wishes to trigger the shot directly on the designation. The shooting of the submunition is then automatically triggered (step I). It can thus have a true semi-active operation, the submunition can attack targets for which its detection means are not designed. It suffices simply to ensure their designation by means of the passive designator 4.

Les figures 5a à 5d montrent un autre mode de mise en oeuvre de l'invention à partir d'un désignateur 4 posé au sol.The Figures 5a to 5d show another embodiment of the invention from a designator 4 placed on the ground.

Le fonctionnement est analogue à celui décrit précédemment.The operation is similar to that described above.

On a représenté à la figure 5a le désignateur 4 porté par un support 30 et disposé à distance d'un immeuble 31. Le cône de détection 11 est dirigé vers une des fenêtres de l'immeuble qui constitue la cible 1 (un système d'arme ennemi se trouve par exemple positionné au niveau de cette fenêtre).We have shown figure 5a the designator 4 carried by a support 30 and disposed at a distance from a building 31. The detection cone 11 is directed towards one of the windows of the building that constitutes the target 1 (an enemy weapon system is for example positioned at this window).

La figure 5b montre une sous munition 6 animée d'un mouvement de rotation Ω et qui descend verticalement vers le sol. Le faisceau laser 10 émis par cette sous-munition 6 balaye le terrain suivant une spirale. Lorsque ce faisceau passe au niveau de la fenêtre visée 1 (figure 5c) un partie du faisceau laser est réfléchie (secteur 32) vers le désignateur 4. Ce dernier reconnaît le rayonnement laser et il émet un ordre de confirmation 28 vers la sous munition (figure 5d). Cette dernière est alors initiée (flèche T) et détruit la cible 1.The figure 5b shows a submunition 6 animated with a rotation movement Ω and which descends vertically towards the ground. The laser beam 10 emitted by this submunition 6 sweeps the ground in a spiral. When this beam passes at the level of the target window 1 ( figure 5c ) a portion of the laser beam is reflected (sector 32) to the designator 4. The latter recognizes the laser radiation and issues a confirmation order 28 to the submunition ( figure 5d ). The latter is then initiated (arrow T) and destroys the target 1.

La figure 6 schématise l'organisation interne de la sous-munition 6 ainsi que celle du désignateur 4 selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention.The figure 6 schematizes the internal organization of the submunition 6 and that of the designator 4 according to a second embodiment of the invention.

Comme dans le mode de réalisation précédent (figure 2) la sous munition 6 incorpore un moyen de détection 9 qui comporte un émetteur laser 12 couplé à une optique d'émission 13 et un récepteur 14 couplé à une optique de réception 15.As in the previous embodiment ( figure 2 ) the submunition 6 incorporates a detection means 9 which comprises a laser transmitter 12 coupled to a transmission optics 13 and a receiver 14 coupled to a reception optics 15.

Emetteur 12 et récepteur 14 sont tous deux reliés au calculateur 16 qui assure le déclenchement de l'émission E de signaux par l'émetteur 12 et traite les signaux R reçus par le récepteur 14.Transmitter 12 and receiver 14 are both connected to the computer 16 which triggers the transmission E of signals by the transmitter 12 and processes the signals R received by the receiver 14.

Le calculateur 16 permet là encore de commander le déclenchement de la tête militaire 17 et il incorpore des algorithmes 18 et une ou plusieurs mémoires où registres 19.The computer 16 again makes it possible to control the triggering of the warhead 17 and incorporates algorithms 18 and one or more memories where registers 19.

On a également représenté sur cette figure un autre moyen de détection 20 (par exemple infrarouge) incorporant un dispositif de réception 21 et une chaîne de traitement de signal 22.This figure also shows another detection means 20 (for example infrared) incorporating a reception device 21 and a signal processing chain 22.

Le système d'attaque 3 selon ce mode de réalisation de l'invention comporte également un désignateur 4 qui incorpore comme précédemment un moyen d'observation optique passif 23, comprenant une optique 24 et un détecteur 25 choisi sensible au rayonnement laser émis par l'émetteur 12.The driving system 3 according to this embodiment of the invention also comprises a designator 4 which incorporates, as previously, a passive optical observation means 23, comprising an optics 24 and a selected detector 25 sensitive to the laser radiation emitted by the transmitter 12.

Ce désignateur diffère du précédent en ce que le moyen de transmission 27 est un moyen émetteur optique associant une source laser 33 et une optique de collimation 34. Ce moyen de transmission 27 est commandé par le moyen de traitement 26. Lorsque ce dernier détecte un signal ER émis par la source laser 9 de la sous-munition (signal E réfléchi par la cible), il commande l'envoi d'au moins une impulsion laser IC vers la sous-munition via la cible 1.This designator differs from the previous one in that the transmission means 27 is an optical transmitter means associating a laser source 33 and a collimation optic 34. This transmission means 27 is controlled by the processing means 26. When the latter detects a signal E R emitted by the laser source 9 of the submunition (signal E reflected by the target), it commands the sending of at least one laser pulse I C to the submunition via the target 1.

Après réflexion sur la cible, cette impulsion est reçue par le moyen de détection 9 de la sous-munition.After reflection on the target, this pulse is received by the detection means 9 of the submunition.

Au niveau de cette dernière on pourra utiliser des moyens de détection spécifiques (optique 35 et circuit de traitement 36) qui sont représentés en grisé sur la figure.At the latter, specific detection means (optics 35 and processing circuit 36) may be used, which are shown in gray in the figure.

Plus simplement on pourra utiliser les moyens de réception laser 14 et 15 pour détecter l'impulsion laser de confirmation IC. Cette dernière solution présente l'avantage de ne pas modifier la structure de la sous-munition ainsi que des moyens de détection mis en oeuvre.More simply, the laser receiving means 14 and 15 can be used to detect the confirmation laser pulse I C. This latter solution has the advantage of not modifying the structure of the submunition and the detection means used.

L'invention n'impose alors qu'une simple modification des algorithmes 18 du calculateur 16 pour assurer le fonctionnement suivant le procédé de l'invention.The invention then imposes only a simple modification of the algorithms 18 of the computer 16 to ensure the operation according to the method of the invention.

Les figures 7a à 7d montrent les différentes étapes de fonctionnement du système d'attaque selon ce deuxième mode de réalisation.The Figures 7a to 7d show the different operating steps of the driving system according to this second embodiment.

On a représenté la première étape à la figure 7a. Le désignateur 4 portée par le drone 5 a son cône d'observation 11 dirigé vers une cible 1.We represented the first step at the figure 7a . The designator 4 carried by the drone 5 has its observation cone 11 directed towards a target 1.

La sous-munition 6 est animée d'un mouvement de rotation Ω et elle émet vers le sol un faisceau laser 10 qui décrit une spirale assurant un balayage du terrain.The submunition 6 is driven by a rotation movement Ω and emits a laser beam 10 towards the ground which describes a spiral ensuring a sweeping of the ground.

Lorsque le faisceau 10 rencontre la cible 1 (figure 7b) une partie du faisceau laser (E) émis est réfléchie (flèche ER) et le rayonnement laser est alors vu par le moyen d'observation du désignateur 4.When the beam 10 meets the target 1 ( figure 7b ) a part of the emitted laser beam (E) is reflected (arrow E R ) and the laser radiation is then seen by the observation means of the designator 4.

Le désignateur reconnaît le signal émis par une sous-munition 6 à laquelle il est associé et il émet alors une impulsion laser de confirmation (flèche IC) vers la cible 1 (figure 7c).The designator recognizes the signal emitted by a submunition 6 to which it is associated and then emits a confirmation laser pulse (arrow I C ) towards the target 1 ( Figure 7c ).

Cette impulsion est réfléchie en partie par la cible (flèche ICR) et elle est retransmise vers la sous-munition. Lorsque cette dernière reçoit le signal de confirmation, son calculateur 16 provoque le tir de la tête militaire en direction de la cible (figure 7d).This pulse is reflected in part by the target (arrow I CR ) and is retransmitted to the submunition. When the latter receives the confirmation signal, its computer 16 causes the military head to be fired towards the target ( figure 7d ).

Ce mode de réalisation de l'invention présente comme avantage de simplifier la conception de la sous-munition. Il n'est en effet plus nécessaire de prévoir dans celle ci des moyens de réception spécifiques pour le signal de confirmation.This embodiment of the invention has the advantage of simplifying the design of the submunition. It is in fact no longer necessary to provide therein specific receiving means for the confirmation signal.

D'une façon analogue à ce qui a été décrit précédemment en référence aux figures 5a à 5d, les figures 8a, 8b et 8c montrent un autre mode de mise en oeuvre de l'invention à partir d'un désignateur 4 posé au sol.In a manner similar to that described above with reference to Figures 5a to 5d , the Figures 8a, 8b and 8c show another embodiment of the invention from a designator 4 placed on the ground.

La figure 8a montre une sous munition 6 animée d'un mouvement de rotation Ω et qui descend verticalement vers le sol. Le faisceau laser 10 émis par cette sous munition 6 balaye le terrain suivant une spirale. Lorsque ce faisceau passe au niveau de la fenêtre visée 1 (figure 8a) une partie du faisceau laser est réfléchie (secteur 32) vers le désignateur 4.The figure 8a shows a submunition 6 animated with a rotation movement Ω and which descends vertically towards the ground. The laser beam 10 emitted by this submunition 6 scans the terrain in a spiral. When this beam pass at the level of the target window 1 ( figure 8a ) part of the laser beam is reflected (sector 32) towards the designator 4.

Ce dernier reconnaît le rayonnement laser et il émet (figure 8b) un ordre de confirmation sous la forme d'une impulsion IC dirigée vers la cible 1. Cette impulsion forme un faisceau 37 qui se réfléchit en partie (faisceau 38) vers la sous-munition 6.The latter recognizes the laser radiation and emits ( figure 8b ) a confirmation command in the form of a pulse I C directed towards the target 1. This pulse forms a beam 37 which is reflected in part (beam 38) towards the submunition 6.

Lorsque la sous munition reçoit et reconnaît l'impulsion de confirmation IC (figure 8c) elle est alors initiée (flèche T) et détruit la cible 1.When the submunition receives and recognizes the confirmation pulse I C ( figure 8c ) it is then initiated (arrow T) and destroys the target 1.

Diverses variantes sont possibles sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Il est bien entendu possible de rendre le désignateur solidaire de tout type d'aéronef (avion, hélicoptère, drone). On peut aussi le laisser au sol ou bien il peut être porté par un fantassin ou un véhicule terrestre. Il pourra également être porté par un robot terrestre télé opéré. Dans ce cas on pourra doter le désignateur ou le robot d'une caméra facilitant son pilotage, cette caméra pourra par ailleurs jouer le rôle du moyen d'observation passif.Various variants are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. It is of course possible to make the designator integral with any type of aircraft (aircraft, helicopter, drone). It can also be left on the ground or it can be worn by an infantryman or a land vehicle. It can also be worn by a terrestrial remote operated robot. In this case we can provide the designator or robot a camera to facilitate its control, this camera can also play the role of passive observation means.

L'invention a été décrite mise en oeuvre avec des sous-munitions dispersées par un vecteur. Ce vecteur peut être un obus d'artillerie, un projectile de mortier, une roquette ou un drone.The invention has been described implemented with submunitions dispersed by a vector. This vector can be an artillery shell, a mortar projectile, a rocket or a drone.

On pourrait également mettre en oeuvre l'invention à partir d'une munition tirée par un système d'arme (tel un canon ou bien un obusier ou un lance roquette).One could also implement the invention from an ammunition fired by a weapon system (such as a gun or a howitzer or a rocket launcher).

Ce qui est essentiel c'est d'avoir au niveau de la munition un moyen de détection assurant un balayage d'une zone de terrain pour reconnaître une cible. La plupart des munitions animées d'un mouvement de rotation sur leur axe et dotées de capteurs de cible répondent à ce critère et peuvent donc être ainsi associées à un désignateur de cible passif.What is essential is to have at the level of the munition a detection means ensuring a scan of a field area to recognize a target. Most ammunition with rotational movement on their axis and with target sensors meet this criterion and can therefore be associated with a passive target designator.

On a schématisé à la figure 9 un tel mode de réalisation dans lequel une munition 39 est tirée par un système d'arme (non représenté) et suit une trajectoire courbe 40 qui l'amène au voisinage d'une cible 1 (ici une fenêtre d'un immeuble 31).We have schematized figure 9 such an embodiment in which an ammunition 39 is pulled by a weapon system (not shown) and follows a curved trajectory 40 which brings it in the vicinity of a target 1 (here a window of a building 31).

Cette munition est ici stabilisée par un empennage 41 qui lui communique un mouvement de rotation. Elle comporte au niveau de son ogive un moyen 9 de détection de cible qui projette un faisceau laser 10. Ce dernier balaye l'espace en spirale en raison du mouvement de rotation Ω de la munition 39. Ici le faisceau laser 10 est légèrement incliné par rapport à l'axe de tir D.This ammunition is here stabilized by a stabilizer 41 which communicates a rotational movement. It comprises at its warhead means 9 of target detection which projects a laser beam 10. The latter sweeps the spiral space due to the rotational movement Ω of the munition 39. Here the laser beam 10 is slightly inclined by relative to the firing axis D.

Suivant ce mode particulier de réalisation, la munition 39 comporte des moyens 42 de correction de sa trajectoire.According to this particular embodiment, the munition 39 comprises means 42 for correcting its trajectory.

Ces moyens sont constitués ici par une couronne d'impulseurs pyrotechniques. On a représenté en 43 le jet d'un de ces impulseurs qui exerce un effort F sur la munition 39 provoquant une modification de sa trajectoire 40.These means are constituted here by a ring of pyrotechnic impellers. There is shown at 43 the jet of one of these impellers which exerts a force F on the munition 39 causing a modification of its trajectory 40.

Les moyens de correction de trajectoire par impulseurs sont bien connus de l'Homme du Métier. On pourra par exemple consulter les brevets FR2632722 ou FR2627268 qui décrivent de tels moyens de correction de trajectoire.The impulse trajectory correction means are well known to those skilled in the art. For example, one could consult patents FR2632722 or FR2627268 which describe such path correction means.

Il est bien entendu possible d'utiliser d'autres types de moyens de correction de trajectoire, tels que des gouvernes canards. On pourra consulter par exemple les brevets FR2846080 et FR03-15601 qui décrivent de telles gouvernes de pilotage.It is of course possible to use other types of trajectory correction means, such as duck rudders. For example, patents FR2846080 and FR03-15601 which describe such control surfaces.

Conformément à ce mode de réalisation de l'invention, le moyen d'observation passif du désignateur 4 comporte un écartomètre qui permet de distinguer au moins deux zones de détection 44 (ici trois zones sont représentées 44a, 44b et 44c). Un tel écartomètre est classique, les moyens d'observation mettant en oeuvre une matrice de détecteurs peuvent ainsi attribuer aisément des coordonnées aux différents points détectés dans le plan de la matrice.In accordance with this embodiment of the invention, the passive observation means of the designator 4 comprises a difference-meter which makes it possible to distinguish at least two detection zones 44 (here three zones are represented 44a, 44b and 44c). Such a differential is conventional, the observation means using a matrix of detectors can easily assign coordinates to the various points detected in the plane of the matrix.

L'intérêt de faire fonctionner ainsi le moyen d'observation du désignateur 4 en écartomètre est qu'il est possible alors de déterminer la position du faisceau laser 10 émis par la munition 39 par rapport aux zones de détection 44 matérialisées par le désignateur.The advantage of operating the means of observation of the designator 4 in the devometer is that it is then possible to determine the position of the laser beam 10 emitted by the munition 39 relative to the detection zones 44 materialized by the designator.

Le moyen de traitement 26 des signaux reçus par le désignateur pourra alors calculer une information d'écart de positionnement du faisceau laser par rapport à la position de la cible (qui est par exemple la zone commune aux trois zones de détection).The processing means 26 of the signals received by the designator can then calculate a positioning error information of the laser beam with respect to the position of the target (which is for example the area common to the three detection zones).

Conformément à ce mode de réalisation de l'invention cette information d'écart sera transmise par les moyens de transmission du désignateur vers la munition 39 (flèche 28).According to this embodiment of the invention this deviation information will be transmitted by the transmission means of the designator to the munition 39 (arrow 28).

Cette dernière pourra alors utiliser cette information d'écart pour corriger sa trajectoire.The latter can then use this gap information to correct its trajectory.

Comme l'information de confirmation, il est bien entendu possible de transmettre l'information d'écart par voie radio ou bien par voie optique.Like the confirmation information, it is of course possible to transmit the deviation information by radio or by optical means.

Le calculateur 16 embarqué dans la munition traitera l'information d'écartométrie de la même façon que si elle était élaborée directement à partir des moyens de détection embarqués dans le projectile. Grâce au désignateur, le projectile connaît ainsi les coordonnées de l'intersection de son axe de tir D (qui est ici l'axe de la munition) dans le plan de la cible. Bien entendu il est possible de définir une munition dont l'axe de tir de la tête militaire serait différent.The computer 16 embedded in the munition will process the deviation measurement information in the same way as if it were produced directly from the detection means embedded in the projectile. Thanks to the designator, the projectile thus knows the coordinates of the intersection of its firing axis D (which is here the axis of the ammunition) in the plane of the target. Of course, it is possible to define an ammunition whose axis of fire of the military head would be different.

Ces coordonnées sont exprimées en écarts par rapport au point souhaité. Le projectile étant équipé d'une unité de mesures inertielles, il connaît sa position en rotation (il peut également être équipé d'un télémètre et connaître sa distance à la cible). Le calculateur 16 est donc capable d'en déduire le ou les impulseurs qu'il doit initier pour corriger l'orientation de l'axe de tir D.These coordinates are expressed in deviations from the desired point. The projectile is equipped with an inertial measurement unit, it knows its position in rotation (it can also be equipped with a rangefinder and know its distance to the target). The computer 16 is therefore able to deduce the impeller or impellers that it must initiate to correct the orientation of the firing axis D.

Au lieu de corriger la trajectoire de la munition il est possible également de modifier la direction de tir D (par exemple en mettant en oeuvre une tête militaire dont la direction de tir est ajustable, par exemple par modification de la position de la tête par rapport au projectile ou bien par choix d'un jeu d'initiateurs ayant une localisation appropriée relativement à la tête militaire.Instead of correcting the trajectory of the ammunition it is also possible to modify the firing direction D (for example by implementing a military head whose direction of fire is adjustable, for example by changing the position of the head relative to to the projectile or by choice of a set of initiators having an appropriate location relative to the military head.

Il est possible également d'utiliser l'information d'écartométrie uniquement pour corriger l'instant de déclenchement de la tête militaire, sans correction de trajectoire ni modification de la direction de tir.It is also possible to use the deviation measurement information only to correct the moment when the warhead is triggered, without correction of trajectory or modification of the direction of fire.

On pourra donc ne déclencher le tir que lorsqu'il y a coïncidence de la direction de tir avec la zone désignée.It will therefore be possible to fire only when the direction of fire coincides with the designated zone.

Pour ce mode particulier de réalisation, l'ordre de confirmation n'est pas absolument nécessaire. Seule l'information d'écartométrie est utile pour corriger la précision du tir.For this particular embodiment, the confirmation order is not absolutely necessary. Only discrepancy information is useful to correct the accuracy of the shot.

Il est cependant possible d'envoyer un ordre de confirmation qui provoquera le tir après une ou plusieurs corrections de la direction de tir. Un tel mode de réalisation permet d'améliorer encore plus la précision du tir notamment en zone urbaine et d'éviter ainsi des dommages collatéraux.However, it is possible to send a confirmation order that will cause shooting after one or more corrections of the direction of fire. Such an embodiment makes it possible to further improve the accuracy of shooting, particularly in urban areas, and thus to avoid collateral damage.

Il est bien entendu possible de réaliser au niveau du désignateur un écartomètre définissant uniquement deux zones 44 ou plus de trois zones 44.It is of course possible to realize at the designator a deviometer defining only two zones 44 or more than three zones 44.

Claims (25)

  1. Method of control of an ammunition (39) or submunition (6), and in particular of the control of initiation of fire and/or of control of a trajectory correction and/or of a direction of fire, from a target (1) detection, wherein the method consists of the following steps:
    - a field zone is sweeped from the ammunition or submunition (6) using a laser beam (10),
    - a potential target (1) located on the field is spotted using an optic passive surveillance means (4,23),
    - when the means of optic passive surveillance (4,23) detects the laser beam (10) transmitted by the ammunition (39) or submunition (6), the transmission of an order of confirmation is controlled and/or of at least one off-target data via the means of surveillance and towards the ammunition or submunition.
  2. Method of control of an ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that firing of the ammunition or submunition (6) is only initiated if it receives an order of confirmation.
  3. Method of control of an ammunition or submunition according to claim 2, and in which the ammunition or submunition (6) includes on-board target detection means (9, 20), method characterized in that initiation of fire is only carried out if the ammunition or submunition (6) has received an order of confirmation and if its means of target detection confirm that the target has characteristics corresponding with those of a potential target.
  4. Method of control of an ammunition or submunition according to one of claims 1 to 3, method characterized in that the order of confirmation and/or the off-target data are transmitted via radio relay channel.
  5. Method of control of an ammunition or submunition according to one of claims 1 to 3, method characterized in that the order of confirmation and/or the off-target data are optically transmitted in the form of at least one laser pulse sent by the means of surveillance (4, 23) at the target (1) and received, after reflection on the target, using means of detection (9) on-board the ammunition or submunition.
  6. Method of control of an ammunition or submunition according to one of claims 1 to 5, method characterized in that, as the ammunition or submunition (6) is equipped with means of correcting trajectory (42) and/or of direction of fire and/or of correcting of the time of fire, at least one off-target data is transmitted via the surveillance means (4,23) which is determined by the surveillance means via localization of the laser beam (10) sent from the ammunition or submunition (6) with respect to at least two detection zones (44) defined by the surveillance means, the off-target data being used by the ammunition or submunition to carry out at least one correction of trajectory and/or of direction of fire and/or of time of fire.
  7. Attack system that implements on the one hand at least one target designator (4), located on the ground, or on a vehicle, or carried by an airborne, and on the other hand at least one ammunition (39) or submunition (6) launched over a field zone and equipped with a warhead as well as means to secure its firing, system that implements the method according to one of the claims 1 to 6 and characterized in that the ammunition or submunition is equipped with a laser source (12) to secure field sweeping, wherein the target designator (4) is moreover a designator spotting with a passive surveillance means (23) a ground-based potential target, with the means of optic passive surveillance securing the detection of the laser beam (10) transmitted by the ammunition or submunition, and means of transmission (27) are provided and coupled with the designator (4) to secure the transmission of at least one order of confirmation and/or at least one off-target data towards the ammunition or submunition when the designator has detected the beam transmitted by the ammunition or submunition.
  8. Attack system according to claim 7, characterized in that the designator integrates an off-target meter to determine the position of the laser beam (10) transmitted by the ammunition or submunition (6) with respect to at least two detection zones (44a, 44b, 44c), the means of transmission (27) securing the delivery of at least one off-target data to the ammunition or submunition which they could use to correct their trajectory and/or direction of fire and/or time of fire.
  9. Attack system according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the designator (4) can sends its order of confirmation and/or the off-target data in the form of at least one laser pulse aimed at the target (1).
  10. Attack system according to claim 9, characterized in that the ammunition or submunition integrates at least one laser technology-based detection means (9) associating a transmitter (12) and a receiver (14), and securing delivery at a potential target and with a given laser beam (10) repetitive frequency.
  11. Attack system according to claim 10, characterized in that the means of detection (9) also secures reception of the order of confirmation and/or the off-target data in the form of at least one laser signal transmitted by the designator (4).
  12. Attack system according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the designator (4) is carried by an aircraft such as a drone (5).
  13. Attack system according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the designator (4) is ground-based or carried by a vehicle or infantryman.
  14. Attack system according to one of claims 7 to 13, characterized in that the submunition or submunitions (6) are dispersed over a field zone by a carrier such as a drone or a cargo projectile (8).
  15. Ammunition or submunition aimed at being launched above a field zone, and which is made of a warhead as well as means to secure firing of the warhead, ammunition (39) or submunition (6) included partly in the attack system according claim 7 and that allows for the implementation of one part of the method according to one of claims 1 to 6, and characterized in that it includes at least one laser source (9) providing a sweeping of the field and with a direction of detection close to the warhead direction of attack, and securing delivery of a laser beam (10) at a potential target (1), with a given repetitive frequency, during the flight of the ammunition or submunition, wherein the latter also integrates means for receiving (29,36,14) an order of confirmation for the initiation of fire and/or at least one off-target data, these means of reception being coupled with a computer (16) that controls initiation of the warhead, with the order of confirmation being provided by a distinct designator (4) of the ammunition (39) or submunition (6) and integrating means of optic passive surveillance.
  16. Ammunition or submunition according to claim 15, characterized in that it is equipped with means (42) of correcting its trajectory and/or direction of fire and/or its time of fire, means that are actuated by the computer (16) via at least one off-target data provided by the remote designator (4).
  17. Ammunition or submunition according to one of claims 15 or 16, characterized in that it has at least one target detection means (9) of optical technology and in that this means forms the means of reception of the order of confirmation and/or the off-target data.
  18. Ammunition or submunition according to claim 17, characterized in that it has at least one target detection means (9) of laser technology associating one transmitter (12) and one receiver (14), wherein this means secure delivery with a given laser (10) beam frequency.
  19. Ammunition or submunition according to claim 18, characterized in that the means of target detection (9) also secures reception of the order of confirmation and/or the off-target data in the form of at least one laser signal.
  20. Ammunition or submunition according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the means of target detection are linked with the computer (16) which also includes an algorithm of reconnaissance of at least one characteristic from the target under search.
  21. Ammunition or submunition according to claim 20, characterized in that the computer (16) can be programmed in such a way as to operate the ammunition or submunition according to at least two different modes out of the following three modes:
    - initiation of fire for the warhead after detection of a target (1) with given characteristics,
    - automatic initiation of fire after reception of an order of confirmation,
    - initiation of fire if an order of confirmation is received and if the target also has given characteristics.
  22. Target designator aimed at spotting a target on a field zone and implementing a part of the method according to one of claims 1 to 6 and included partly in the attack system according claim 7, characterized in that it spots the target (1) using a passive optical surveillance means (23) able to secure the detection of a laser beam (10) transmitted by an ammunition (39) or submunition (6), with the designator integrating furthermore means of transmission (27) able to secure transmission of one order of confirmation and/or at least one off-target data towards the ammunition (39) or submunition (6) when it has detected the beam (10) transmitted from the ammunition or submunition.
  23. Target designator according to claim 22, characterized in that it integrates an off-target meter to determine the position of the laser beam (10) transmitted by the ammunition or submunition with respect to at least two detection zones (44a, 44b), the transmission means (27) securing delivery to the ammunition or submunition of at least one off-target data that can be used by the ammunition or submunition to correct its trajectory and/or its direction of fire, and/or its time of fire.
  24. Target designator according to one of claims 22 or 23, characterized in that the means of transmission (27) is radio-based to secure transmission of the order of confirmation and/or of off-target data via radio.
  25. Target designator according to one of claims 22 or 23, characterized in that the means of transmission (27) is an optical transmitter means sending at least one laser pulse towards the ammunition or submunition via the designated target.
EP06290666.4A 2005-05-02 2006-04-24 Method for controlling an ammunition or a submunition, attack system, ammunition and target designator for carrying out such a method Active EP1719969B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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PL06290666T PL1719969T3 (en) 2005-05-02 2006-04-24 Method for controlling an ammunition or a submunition, attack system, ammunition and target designator for carrying out such a method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR0504469A FR2885213B1 (en) 2005-05-02 2005-05-02 METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A MUNITION OR SUB-MUNITION, ATTACK SYSTEM, MUNITION AND DESIGNER EMPLOYING SUCH A METHOD

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EP1719969A1 EP1719969A1 (en) 2006-11-08
EP1719969B1 true EP1719969B1 (en) 2016-03-09

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US (1) US7745767B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1719969B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2568474T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2885213B1 (en)
NO (1) NO339338B1 (en)
PL (1) PL1719969T3 (en)

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FR2936865B1 (en) * 2008-10-08 2012-12-28 Nexter Munitions METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN ATTACK MODULE AND ATTACK MODULE EMPLOYING SUCH A METHOD
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO339338B1 (en) 2016-11-28
FR2885213A1 (en) 2006-11-03
FR2885213B1 (en) 2010-11-05
ES2568474T3 (en) 2016-04-29
US7745767B2 (en) 2010-06-29
PL1719969T3 (en) 2016-06-30
US20070028791A1 (en) 2007-02-08
EP1719969A1 (en) 2006-11-08
NO20061895L (en) 2006-11-03

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