EP1718425B1 - Hybridpresse zum formen von grossen werkstücken - Google Patents

Hybridpresse zum formen von grossen werkstücken Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1718425B1
EP1718425B1 EP05726416A EP05726416A EP1718425B1 EP 1718425 B1 EP1718425 B1 EP 1718425B1 EP 05726416 A EP05726416 A EP 05726416A EP 05726416 A EP05726416 A EP 05726416A EP 1718425 B1 EP1718425 B1 EP 1718425B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laser
dies
press
impacts
high energy
Prior art date
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Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP05726416A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1718425A1 (de
Inventor
Philippe Aubert
Didier Sabourin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Publication of EP1718425A1 publication Critical patent/EP1718425A1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00—Forging presses
    • B21J9/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J9/06—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses
    • B21J9/08—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses equipped with devices for heating the work-piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the forming or forging of large dimensions, in particular of large thickness. More particularly it relates to a press for forming thick parts comprising a frame supporting two dies and actuating means for clamping the workpiece to be formed between these two dies so that they follow the shape. It also relates to a method of forming a large part, particularly a large thickness by means of such a press.
  • One currently known technique for putting a part in shape consists in inserting it between two dies and then deforming it so that the part matches the shape of this matrix to obtain a desired geometry.
  • This proven technique has the effect of generating stresses in the room, even micro-cracks, which can cause accelerated aging.
  • the possibilities of deformation are limited by the characteristics of the material since it must be placed in the plastic field thereof, without reaching the break.
  • the geometry obtained is difficult to master and requires a great deal of experience.
  • Another currently known technique is to send shocks generated by a laser to the surface of the room. Very short pulses and high energy hit the surface of the room. The energy of the laser is absorbed by the material to a very small thickness. The affected area is then transformed into a plasma whose trigger generates a shock wave in the material. This wave can be used to harden the surface of the material or deform it if the energy is sufficient. The shortness of the impulse means that there is no heat transfer.
  • This method is more flexible than the previous one in that it is not necessary to manufacture a template for each piece to be formed. It is more precise insofar as each pulse generates only a minimal deformation. On the other hand, it is slower.
  • the laser energy is thus distributed and punctually less important than that of a laser focused on a point. She can not claim to put the piece in shape alone.
  • a heating laser can deform a room to the extent that a heat input, whatever its origin, can deform a room. Nevertheless, the deformations are not very predictable, except to be realized between templates. AT the extreme, such a method can lead to melt the material which can then be shaped by a mold.
  • the first method makes it possible to increase the possibilities of deformation of the part but is not suitable for forming parts of great thickness. Indeed, the hydroforming applies only to hollow bodies (tubes) or plates whose thickness does not exceed 3mm.
  • the second method is also not suitable for shaping thick parts.
  • the invention relates to a press and a method that overcomes the drawbacks of the prior art.
  • the frame supports at least one pulsed laser to generate localized impacts of high energy on the surface of the part.
  • press forming makes it possible to approach the desired shape very quickly while the laser makes it possible to ensure its finishing in a very precise manner.
  • the laser operates in pulse shock mode without heat transfer, so without adding residual stresses.
  • Impulse shocks alone can modify the shape of the part according to a pre-established and repeatable geometry.
  • the press and the laser can be used consecutively or, preferably, simultaneously.
  • the press must have at least one passage formed in one of the dies to allow the passage of high energy laser pulses through the matrix.
  • the simultaneous use of the laser and the press makes it possible to use a press of smaller size, with equal capacity or even, with equal dimension, increases the capacities of the press without having to move the workpiece.
  • the tools used can be simplified.
  • the dies can be replaced by simple formatting tools placed at the end of cylinders that press the part to be shaped.
  • a thick forming part 2 is placed between a lower die 4 and an upper die 6.
  • the dies 4 and 6 are brought closer to each other by actuating means such as jacks 8.
  • the piece 2 deforms so as to match the shape of the matrices 4 and 6.
  • this technique has the effect of generating stresses in the room, which can be translate by the appearance of micro-cracks.
  • the possibilities of deformation are limited and the geometry obtained is difficult to control.
  • a part to be formed designated in its initial state by the reference 2a, comprises an upper surface 10 and a lower surface 12 (according to FIG. 2) whose surface 10 receives impacts, represented diagrammatically by the arrows 14, emitted by a laser 16.
  • These pulses are localized, very short and of high energy. Typically their duration is a few tens of nanoseconds, and their energy some GW / cm2.
  • the energy of the laser 16 is absorbed by the material to a very small thickness.
  • the area involved is transformed into a plasma whose trigger generates a shock wave in the material. This wave can be used to harden the surface of the material or deform it if the energy is sufficient.
  • the shortness of the impulse means that there is no heat transfer.
  • index b the part in its final state.
  • the surface 10, directed towards the laser beam 14, has a concave shape while the surface 12, located opposite the laser beam has a convex shape.
  • complex shapes can also be obtained.
  • This laser forming method is described, in particular, in the articles “Convex laser forming with high certainty” (Wenchuan I and Y. Lawrence Yao, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10 027) and “Optimal and robust design of laser forming process "(Chao Liu and Y. Lawrence Yao, Department of Mechanical Engineering at Columbia University New York, NY 10 027).
  • This technique is more flexible than the mechanical deformation process described with reference to Figure 1 in that it is not necessary to manufacture a template for each room or each type of room to be treated. It is also more accurate insofar as each pulse generates only a minimal deformation. On the other hand, it is less fast. As a result, it is not suitable for mass production of parts.
  • the laser 16 comprises a frame 3, a lower die 4 and an upper die 6 and a laser 16 emitting a beam 14 mounted on the frame 3.
  • the laser 16 may be of solid type (based on neodymium, Yttrium, Itherbium, etc.) or dyes with a frequency of the order of 1Khz. Both techniques can be used consecutively. In this case, the mechanical deformation forming process is used first to quickly obtain a blank of the workpiece. Then the finish to obtain precise dimensions is achieved by the laser forming process. This second means is used to obtain an extremely precise form. It does not induce heat transfer in the room.
  • both techniques are used simultaneously.
  • at least one of the matrices 4 and 6 has a passage opening 18 for the laser beam 14. This passage has been symbolized in FIG. 3 by an opening 18 in the upper die 4.
  • the passage of Laser beam can be obtained by any method, for example by optical fibers or by mirrors for directing the pulses to precisely selected areas of the workpiece 2.
  • the part 2 can undergo heating so as to reduce the stresses induced by the shaping.
  • the piece thus formed can then gain in life.
  • This heating can be induced by a conventional means or by laser if it is desired a very localized heating.
  • the laser working in thermal regime, designated by the reference 20, is not the same as that which generates the shocks. The characteristics of these lasers are different.
  • the combination of the two techniques makes it possible, thanks to the laser 16, to reduce the capacity of the press to be used. Similarly, the tools used can be simplified.
  • the matrices 4 and 6 can be replaced by simple formatting tools placed at the end of jacks that press the part 2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Presse zum Formen großer Werkstücke, zwei Matrizen (4, 6) umfassend sowie Antriebseinrichtungen (8), um das zu formende Werkstück (2) zwischen diesen beiden Matrizen einzuspannen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mindestens einen Formungsimpulslaser (16) umfasst, um lokalisierte und hochenergetische Laserstöße (14) auf der Oberfläche (10) des Werkstücks (2) zu erzeugen.
  2. Presse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mindestens einen Durchgang (18) umfasst, um lokalisierte und hochenergetische Laserstöße (14) durch die Matrize hindurch zu lassen.
  3. Presse nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Laser so eingestellt ist, dass er Impulse emittiert, deren Dauer zwischen 10 und 100 Nanosekunden enthalten ist und deren Energie zwischen 1 und 10 GW/cm2 enthalten ist.
  4. Verfahren zur Formung eines Werkstücks von großer Dicke mittels einer Presse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - man ordnet das zu formende Werkstücks (2) zwischen die beiden Matrizen (4, 6) der Presse an;
    - man nähert die beiden Matrizen (4, 6) einander, so dass sich das Werkstück an die Formen der Matrizen anpasst;
    - man formt die Oberfläche (10) des Werkstücks (2) durch lokalisierte und hochenergetische Impulslaserstöße.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die beiden Matrizen einander nähert und gleichzeitig die Oberfläche (10) des Werkstücks (2) Iokalisierten und hochenergetischen Laserstößen aussetzt.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man zuerst die beiden Matrizen (4, 6) einander nähert, um einen Rohling des zu formenden Werkstücks (2) zu bilden, und dann die Oberfläche (10) dieses Rohlings lokalisierten und hochenergetischen Laserstößen (14) aussetzt.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man das zu formende Werkstück während des Formungsschritts beheizt.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man das zu formende Werkstück (2) mittels eines Heizlasers (20) beheizt.
  9. Presse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 oder Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Impulslaser (14) vom Typ Festkörper- oder Farbstofflaser mit einer Frequenz von ungefähr 1 kHz ist.
EP05726416A 2004-02-11 2005-02-09 Hybridpresse zum formen von grossen werkstücken Expired - Fee Related EP1718425B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0450242A FR2865949B1 (fr) 2004-02-11 2004-02-11 Presse hybride pour le formage de pieces de fortes dimensions
PCT/FR2005/050079 WO2005077567A1 (fr) 2004-02-11 2005-02-09 Presse hybride pour le formage de pieces de fortes dimensions

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1718425A1 EP1718425A1 (de) 2006-11-08
EP1718425B1 true EP1718425B1 (de) 2007-12-12

Family

ID=34778718

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05726416A Expired - Fee Related EP1718425B1 (de) 2004-02-11 2005-02-09 Hybridpresse zum formen von grossen werkstücken

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1718425B1 (de)
DE (1) DE602005003794T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2865949B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2005077567A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2332631B1 (es) * 2008-02-07 2011-01-31 Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa Jose Maria Arizmendiarrieta, S.Coop Aparato para conformado asistido por laser.
DE102010042778B4 (de) * 2010-10-21 2012-06-21 Schuler Automation Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Durchbrüche aufweisenden Blechformteils sowie Laserschneidanordnung

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3604710C2 (de) * 1985-02-15 1986-11-27 Bündgens Maschinen Verwaltungen GmbH, 5100 Aachen Verwendung einer Erwärmungseinrichtung mittels Laserstrahlen
GB8809666D0 (en) * 1988-04-23 1988-05-25 Amchem Co Ltd Machining method & apparatus
DE19514285C1 (de) * 1995-04-24 1996-06-20 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Vorrichtung zum Umformen von Werkstücken mit Laserdiodenstrahlung
AT407615B (de) * 1997-07-02 2001-05-25 Inst Spanlose Fertigung Und Ho Verfahren zum biegen mit laserunterstützung
EP1046440A1 (de) * 1999-04-16 2000-10-25 SM Schweizerische Munitionsunternehmung AG Verfahren zur Massivumformung von axial-symmetrischen metallischen Bauteilen
IL146070A0 (en) * 1999-04-23 2002-07-25 Automated method and device for the non-cutting shaping of body
AT410908B (de) * 2001-12-21 2003-08-25 Inst Spanlose Fertigung Und Ho Laserunterstütztes innenhochdruckumformen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2005077567A1 (fr) 2005-08-25
DE602005003794T2 (de) 2008-12-24
FR2865949A1 (fr) 2005-08-12
DE602005003794D1 (de) 2008-01-24
EP1718425A1 (de) 2006-11-08
FR2865949B1 (fr) 2006-05-19

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