EP1707684B1 - Method and apparatus for tensioning of a multiple step anchor - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for tensioning of a multiple step anchor Download PDFInfo
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- EP1707684B1 EP1707684B1 EP06004436A EP06004436A EP1707684B1 EP 1707684 B1 EP1707684 B1 EP 1707684B1 EP 06004436 A EP06004436 A EP 06004436A EP 06004436 A EP06004436 A EP 06004436A EP 1707684 B1 EP1707684 B1 EP 1707684B1
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- Prior art keywords
- clamping
- tension members
- tensioning
- plane
- tension
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/80—Ground anchors
- E02D5/808—Ground anchors anchored by using exclusively a bonding material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for tensioning a step anchor according to the preamble of independent claim 1 and the preamble of independent claim 13.
- Ground anchors are well known, for example as a ground or rock anchors. As a rule, they consist of a plurality of axially parallel tension members of steel rods, steel wires or steel wire strands, which are inserted into a borehole. By pressing in the deepest borehole, a grout body is created, which brings the tension members for load transmission into the ground in conjunction with the surrounding soil.
- the longitudinal section of a tension member which serves for load transfer is referred to as anchoring length L tb .
- anchoring length L tb The longitudinal section of a tension member which serves for load transfer is referred to as anchoring length L tb .
- anchoring length L tb The longitudinal section of a tension member which serves for load transfer is referred to as anchoring length L tb .
- anchoring length L tb The longitudinal section of a tension member which serves for load transfer is referred to as anchoring length L tb .
- anchoring length L tb At the opposite end of the tension members are anchored in
- a step anchor is a particular embodiment of a grout anchor in which the load transfer area is not concentrated at the end of the grout anchor, but distributed over a larger L Lucassabites.des grout anchor. Due to the distribution of the anchor force on an extended load transfer area a uniform load application takes place in the ground and thus an improvement of the anchor effect. The distribution of the loads is achieved by the use of tension members of different lengths, the ends of which end in different borehole depths. This results in an axial staggering of the anchoring length L tb in the borehole.
- step anchors are tensioned with hydraulically connected individual clamping presses, ie each tension member is assigned a clamping press which stretches the tension member until it reaches the test load Fp. Due to the different free steel lengths L tf of the tension members result in different strain paths. After reaching the test load Fp the individual tension members are set to a uniform service load, ie after completion of the clamping operation, all tension members, regardless of their length, the same load in use.
- clamping bodies which are in each case zvvischschaltet between tension member and tensioning device in the region of the clamping anchorage.
- a clamping body consists essentially of a cylindrical thick-walled plate, in which coaxial with the clamping direction of the individual tension members extending cylindrical recesses are introduced, in which cylindrical pistons are mounted longitudinally displaceable. The space between the piston and recess is filled in each case with a pressure fluid and the cavities of all clamping bodies are connected to each other in the manner of a communicating system.
- Each piston has an axial through hole for the passage of a tension member which is fixed by means of anchoring wedges at the piston end.
- the tensioning of the individual tension members is then carried out with the aid of a tensioning press whose force acts on the tensioning body.
- a load balance between the individual tension members takes place in that the pistons with the individual anchoring points can perform a compensating movement along the tensioning direction.
- the invention has the object to provide a method and an arrangement for clamping step anchors, with which simplifies the clamping operation and the bearing behavior of a step armature is improved in case of overstretching.
- the basic idea of the invention is to set the tension members of a step anchor based on their respective elongation at a predetermined maximum load to the use state of the step armature that all tension members are stretched in the use state by a uniform amount of length less than at a predetermined maximum load.
- the expansion difference of the tension members between prestress with predetermined maximum load and the load in use is thus an identical amount for all tension members. Due to the different free steel lengths of the individual tension members, however, the uniform change in length of the tension members in the transition to the use state leads to different stress states of the individual tension members.
- the predetermined maximum load is freely selectable according to the specific requirements of the particular application and will advantageously correspond to the test load F P of the tension members to fully exploit their possible carrying capacity.
- an inventive step anchor is characterized by a high security against failure.
- the basic idea described can be implemented by tensioning the tension members of the step armature by means of individual clamping presses up to the predetermined maximum load and then releasing it in a path-dependent or force-dependent manner.
- the draining of the tension members can be done individually or at a time. Thereafter, all tension members of the step anchor have a uniform load reserve.
- a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention takes a different route.
- the extension travel is calculated until a predetermined maximum load, preferably the test load Fp, for each tension member is reached.
- a predetermined maximum load preferably the test load Fp
- tension members are tensioned with different lengths of free steel successively and until reaching the predetermined maximum load with different, previously calculated strain. From the expansion differences in the tensioning path of different tension members, it follows that only when the predetermined maximum load is reached does the same tension condition occur in all tension members.
- the advantage of this procedure is initially that only one press is required for the clamping operation.
- This may be, for example, a commercially available bundle clamping press, resulting in the operator of a method according to the invention only low investment costs compared to the use of single clamping presses.
- the clamping process of a step armature is limited to only one working stroke and is thus accomplished quickly. Since only one press is used, this results in only a small effort for measurement and logging. This is sufficient for the invention to a simple operation and quick execution of the clamping process, which not least increases their cost-effectiveness.
- the step armature After tensioning the tension members to the predetermined maximum load, the step armature is set to the use condition.
- a condition is also produced here in which the individual tension members are stretched to a lower extent than the elongation under the predetermined maximum load for all tension members.
- all tension members have the same expansion reserve until the predetermined maximum load is reached while the stanchion is working.
- the anchor force can be increased without overuse of the armature.
- An inventively prestressed step armature thus provides optimum safety against overstretching at a simple and faster implementation of the clamping process.
- Fig. 1 shows a ground anchor as a step anchor 1 in use.
- the step anchor 1 is inserted into a borehole 2 whose air-side opening is bordered by a support plate 3.
- the support plate 3 has a central opening through which the Step anchor 1 extends with its air-side end.
- the longitudinal axis of the step armature 1 is denoted by 14.
- the step anchor 1 is composed of several axially parallel tension members 4, 5 and 6 together.
- Each of the tension members 4, 5 and 6 consists essentially of a steel wire strand 7 which is provided with a sheath 8 over most of its length.
- the end 9 of the steel wire strand 7 assigned to the borehole bottom remains naked. Due to the different lengths of the tension members 4, 5 and 6 results in a longitudinal direction 14 of the step armature 1 staggered arrangement of the ends 9 of the steel wire strands 7 in the borehole second
- anchoring length L tb The region of the tension members 4, 5, 6, which is effective for the load transfer into the ground, is referred to as anchoring length L tb .
- the sheath 8 prevents the formation of a frictional bond between the strands 7 and the injection mortar 13.
- the strands 7 are arranged freely stretchable in the casing 8 despite the injection mortar 13, so that in the region of the casing 8 no load transfer in the underground can take place.
- the range of the free extensibility of the strands 7 is referred to as free steel length L tf and is in FIG. 1b drawn only for the tension member 6.
- Fig. 1b can be seen in a step anchor 1, the load entry into the ground in accordance with the staggered in the wellbore 2 arrangement of the free ends. 9
- the anchoring force is thus not concentrated in an anchoring plane registered in the ground, but on a determinable by the choice of staggering of the tension elements 4, 5, 6 longitudinal section, which consists in the present example of the triple anchoring length L tb .
- Fig. 2 shows an arrangement for clamping the in Fig. 1 described step anchor 1 in a longitudinal section.
- Fig. 2 shows an arrangement for clamping the in Fig. 1 described step anchor 1 in a longitudinal section.
- the strands 7 of the tension members 4, 5 and 6 are not yet separated behind the anchoring wedges 12 ( please refer Fig. 1 ), but continue in the longitudinal axis 14 of the step armature 1 to allow the attachment of a clamping arrangement.
- the clamping assembly shown essentially comprises a bundle clamping press 15 with an aligned in the armature longitudinal axis 14, the housing of the bundle clamping press 15 forming clamping cylinder 16 and a displaceably arranged therein clamping piston 17.
- the clamping cylinder 16 has handles for better handling handles 18, the clamping piston 17 a central implementation the strands 7 of the tension members 4, 5 and 6.
- Fig. 2 shows the bundle clamping press 15 in the starting position for the clamping operation, in which the clamping piston 17 is fully retracted into the clamping cylinder 16. To tension the step armature 1, the tensioning piston 17 is extended.
- the clamping path described by the clamping piston 17 defines both the clamping axis 26 and the clamping direction 27th
- the bundle clamping press 15 is supported on a hollow cylindrical component 19, which serves to retain the anchoring wedges 12 in the receptacles 11 of the anchoring plate 10 during tensioning of the tension members 4, 5, 6.
- the component 19 is placed for this purpose on the anchoring plate 10 and thus interposed pressure force transmitting between the bundle clamping press 15 and anchor plate 10.
- the retention of the anchoring wedges 12 causes a wedge retaining disk 20 which closes the front side of the component 19.
- the wedge retaining disk 20 travels during the release of the tension members 4, 5, 6 during the test procedure with the anchoring wedges 12.
- the tensioning piston 17 carries with its free end a likewise plate-shaped clamping plate 21, which largely corresponds in their training of the anchor plate 10.
- the clamping plate 21 thus has through holes, which widen conically to the formation of receptacles 22 to the end face 23. Through each receptacle 22, the bare strand 7 of the tension members 4, 5 and 6, which thus protrude with its free end over the end face 23 of the clamping plate 21 extends.
- clamping wedges 25 On the protruding ends of the strands 7 sit blocking elements in the form of clamping wedges 25, whose task is to fix the strands 7 for the clamping operation relative to the clamping plate 21 in the clamping direction 27. This is done by clamping the strand 7 by means of a clamping wedge 25, which in turn is supported against the wall of the receptacle 22 of the clamping plate 21. Although the clamping force over the entire length of the clamping wedge 25 is entered into the strand 7. However, in order to simplify the understanding of the invention, the clamping effect is reduced to an idealized clamping plane A, B, C aligned with the clamping axis 26 and clamping wedge-specific in the further consideration.
- the clamping wedges 25 are arranged staggered in the clamping direction 26 before clamping.
- the clamping wedge 25 for the strand 7 of the tension member 4 thus defines the clamping plane A, the clamping wedge 25 for the strand 7 of the tension member 5, the clamping plane B and the clamping wedge 25 of the strand 7 of the shortest tension member 6, the clamping level C.
- the distance of the clamping plane B of the terminal level A is in FIG. 2 with ⁇ l 1 , the distance of the clamping plane C from the clamping plane A with ⁇ l 2 .
- clamping plane 24 that plane which is aligned radially with respect to the clamping axis 26 is referred to, which moves in the clamping direction 27 during clamping of the step armature 1, thereby transferring the clamping force to the tension members 4, 5, 6.
- a loading of a strand 7 with clamping force and thus a tension member 4, 5, 6 thus occurs only when the clamping plane 24 has become congruent with one of the clamping plane A, B, C.
- the clamping plane 24 is embodied by the clamping plate 21.
- the clamping plane 24 and a clamping plane A, B, C are then congruent as soon as the clamping wedge 25 is firmly seated in the receptacle 22 of the clamping plate 21.
- This condition is in FIG. 2 reproduced for the tension member 4.
- the clamping plane 24 is also in the plane of the end face 23 of the clamping plate 21st
- the detailed structure of belonging to the clamping arrangement clamping wedge 25 is in its entirety in Fig. 6 shown; its individual components in the Fig. 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b ,
- the Fig. 3a and 3b show the fixing portion 30 of the clamping wedge 25 in a view and plan view.
- the fixing portion 30 is formed by a thick-walled hollow cylinder 31, in the outer shell in the lower region an annular groove 32 is milled. This results in the lower end face of an annular flange 33, which is characterized by a relation to the hollow cylinder 31 smaller outer diameter.
- a threaded bore 34 extending radially through the cylinder wall can be seen, which for receiving a grub screw 35 (FIG. Fig. 6 ) serves.
- the clamping portion 36 consists essentially of three identical wedge segments 37, the cylinder-shaped composite form the shape of a truncated cone with axial through hole. To improve the clamping force transmission, the wall of the through hole is formed profiled.
- the segments 37 have on their outer peripheral surface an annular groove 38 in which an annular spring 39 is arranged, which holds the three segments 37 together.
- Such segments 37 are known per se as wedges for tensioning and anchoring tension members.
- the segments 37 continue axially in the thick-walled region for joint formation of a connecting shaft 42 of constant thickness.
- the segments 37 have an internal annular groove 40, so that at the front end of the connecting shaft 42, an annular flange 41 ( Fig. 6 ).
- Fig. 6 is a complete clamping wedge 25 shown, partially in a side view, partially in longitudinal section. It can be seen how a positive connection is formed by axial engagement of the fixing section 30 and the clamping section 36, the annular flanges 33 and 41 respectively engaging the annular grooves 32 and 38 to form a toothing.
- clamping wedges 25 define the clamping planes A, B, C, it is essential for the invention to attach the clamping wedges 25 in the intended position on the strands 7.
- the inventive axial distance .DELTA.l between the clamping wedges 25 of the tension members 4, 5 or 6 respectively corresponds to the difference in the expansions of the individual tension members when applying the predetermined maximum load on each tension member from its unloaded initial state.
- This expansion difference .DELTA.l can be calculated by knowing the free steel length L tf and the predetermined maximum load or the test load Fp.
- the end face 23 of the clamping plate 21 which also represents the clamping plane 24. Since the clamping wedge 25 of the tension member 4 fixed in the Recording 22 of the clamping plate 21 is seated, its clamping plane A is already in the clamping plane 24 and thus in the reference plane. Therefore, only the distances .DELTA.l 1 must be measured from the reference plane to the clamping plane B of the clamping wedge 25 of the tension member 5 and .DELTA.l 2 from the reference plane to the clamping plane C of the clamping wedge 25 of the tension member 6.
- the adjusting element 45 consists essentially of an annular disc 46, which corresponds to the fixing section 30 in diameter and the size of the passage opening.
- a threaded nut 47 is fixed, through which a threaded rod 48 can be screwed perpendicular to the plane of the annular disc 46.
- a lock nut 49 With the help of a lock nut 49, the position of the threaded rod 48 relative to the annular disc 46 can be defined.
- On the upper end of the threaded rod 48 sits a cap nut 50. For each set up wedge 25 preferably own own adjustment element 45 is held.
- the so-preset adjustment elements 45 are together with the clamping wedges 25 in the off Fig. 7 apparent manner on the ends of the strands 7 of the tension members 5 and 6 pushed until the threaded rod 48 respectively runs onto the end face 23 of the clamping plate 21.
- the distance .DELTA.l 1,2 of the terminal levels A, B, C according to the invention adjusts to one another.
- FIG Fig. 8 An alternative embodiment of an adjusting element 52 according to the invention is shown in FIG Fig. 8 shown. There you can see a circular disk-shaped base body 53 which is provided according to the number and arrangement of the tension members 4, 5, 6 with through holes. The holes have on their inner surface an internal thread, which is not visible due to the selected representation.
- each of the bores in each case extends a spacer sleeve 54 whose outer shell has a corresponding to the internal thread external thread 55.
- the spacer sleeves 54 can be screwed into the through bores of the main body 53.
- the position of the free end of the spacer sleeves 54 can be adjusted.
- a screwed onto the spacer sleeve 54 and against the main body 53 supporting the lock nut 56 fixes the position of the spacer sleeve 54 in the set position.
- the spacer sleeves 54 are adjusted in their mutual position such that their free ends at a distance of the clamping planes A, B, C are arranged, wherein the spacer sleeves 54 with the largest projection to the main body 53 the tension members 4, 5 with a longer free steel path L tf are assigned and spacers 54 with smaller projection to the main body 53 the tension members 5, 6 with smaller free steel length L tf .
- adjusting element 52 The intended use of such adjusting element 52 is carried out after the locking elements, that is, in the present example, the clamping wedges 25 consisting of clamping portion 36 and fixing portion 30 have been pushed onto the individual strands 7. Thereafter, the free ends of the strands 7 of the individual tension members 4, 5, 6 are individually threaded through their respective associated spacer sleeve 54 and the adjusting member 52 is pushed in total on the strands 7 in the direction of the clamping plate 21. The individual clamping wedges 25 come gradually into contact with the free ends of the spacer sleeves 54, resulting in a distance of the clamping wedges 25th according to the distance of the terminal planes A, B, C among each other.
- the adjusting element 52 is advantageously pushed as far as the step anchor 1 until the spacer sleeve 54 with the largest projection on the base 53, the clamping wedge 25 on the tension member 4, 5 with the longest free steel length L tf in the associated receptacle 22 in the clamping plate 21 presses.
- the staggered in the longitudinal direction arrangement of the other clamping wedges 25 on the tension members 5, 6 with shorter free length of steel L tf results automatically.
- FIG. 9 shows the load increase in the individual tension members 4, 5 and 6 at constant elongation the steeper, the shorter their free steel length L tf . For this reason, shorter tension members to a voltage gradient with higher slope.
- the distance .DELTA.l 1 of the terminal level A of B and the distance .DELTA.l 2 of the terminal level A of C is chosen so taking into account the respective free steel lengths L tf that the Voltage profiles a, b, c converge with increasing tensioning path in such a way that the predetermined maximum load, preferably the test load F P , is achieved simultaneously in the individual tension members 4, 5 and 6.
- the individual tension members 4, 5 and 6 on the Useful load F w of the stepped anchor 1 is set. Achieving the service load F w can be displayed via the corresponding press pressure or the press stroke. In this state, longer tension members have higher stresses than shorter tension members ( Fig. 9 ). This results in a uniform expansion reserve for all tension members 4, 5, 6 of the step anchor 1 in the amount of ⁇ l max - .DELTA.l w .
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Anordnung zum Spannen eines Stufenankers gemäß dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 1 und dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 13.The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for tensioning a step anchor according to the preamble of independent claim 1 and the preamble of
Verpressanker sind hinlänglich bekannt, beispielsweise als Erd- oder Felsanker. In der Regel bestehen sie aus einer Vielzahl achsparalleler Zugglieder aus Stahlstäben, Stahldrähten oder Stahldrahtlitzen, die in ein Bohrloch eingeführt werden. Durch Verpressen im Bohrlochtiefsten entsteht ein Verpresskörper, der die Zugglieder zur Lastübertragung in den Untergrund in Verbund mit dem umgebenden Erdreich bringt. Der Längsabschnitt eines Zugglieds, der zur Lastabtragung dient, wird als Verankerungslänge Ltb bezeichnet. Am gegenüberliegenden Ende sind die Zugglieder in einer sich gegen das luftseitige Bohrlochende abstützenden Verankerungsscheibe mit Hilfe von Verankerungskeilen verankert. Beim Spannen des Verpressankers können sich die Zugglieder in dem Bereich zwischen Verankerungsscheibe und Verpresskörper frei dehnen. Dieser Bereich wird deshalb auch als freie Stahllänge Ltf genannt.Ground anchors are well known, for example as a ground or rock anchors. As a rule, they consist of a plurality of axially parallel tension members of steel rods, steel wires or steel wire strands, which are inserted into a borehole. By pressing in the deepest borehole, a grout body is created, which brings the tension members for load transmission into the ground in conjunction with the surrounding soil. The longitudinal section of a tension member which serves for load transfer is referred to as anchoring length L tb . At the opposite end of the tension members are anchored in an anchoring disk supported against the air-side borehole end by means of anchoring wedges. When tensioning the grout anchor, the tension members can stretch freely in the area between the anchoring disc and grout. This area is therefore also called free steel length L tf .
Ein Stufenanker stellt eine besondere Ausführungsform eines Verpressankers dar, bei dem sich der Lastübertragungsbereich nicht konzentriert am Ende des Verpressankers befindet, sondern sich über einen größeren Längsabschnitt.des Verpressankers verteilt. Durch die Verteilung der Ankerkraft auf einen verlängerten Lastübertragungsbereich findet eine vergleichmäßigte Lasteintragung in den Untergrund statt und damit eine Verbesserung der Ankerwirkung. Die Verteilung der Lasten erreicht man durch die Verwendung von Zugglieder unterschiedlicher Länge, deren Enden in unterschiedlichen Bohrlochtiefen enden. Daraus ergibt sich eine axiale Staffelung der Verankerungslänge Ltb im Bohrloch.A step anchor is a particular embodiment of a grout anchor in which the load transfer area is not concentrated at the end of the grout anchor, but distributed over a larger Längsabschnitt.des grout anchor. Due to the distribution of the anchor force on an extended load transfer area a uniform load application takes place in the ground and thus an improvement of the anchor effect. The distribution of the loads is achieved by the use of tension members of different lengths, the ends of which end in different borehole depths. This results in an axial staggering of the anchoring length L tb in the borehole.
Beim Spannen von Verpressankem erfordern die einschlägigen Normen, dass die Zugglieder aus Sicherheitsgründen bis zu einer vorgegebenen Prüflast Fp gespannt werden, bevor sie anschließend durch wiederholtes Ablassen und Wiederanspannen mit der Last des Gebrauchszustandes beaufschlagt werden. Für den Spannvorgang ist es bei Verpressankern mit Zuggliedern gleicher Länge üblich, hierzu eine Bündelspannpresse zu verwenden, bei der mit einem Pressenhub alle Zugglieder um den gleichen Weg gedehnt werden. Dadurch stellt sich während des Spannvorgangs in allen Zuggliedern ein identischer Spannungszustand ein.When clamping jackbolts, the relevant standards require that the tension members be clamped for safety reasons up to a predetermined test load Fp before being subsequently loaded with the load of use condition by repeated draining and re-tightening. For the clamping process, it is common for ground anchors with tension members of the same length to use a bundle clamping press, stretched in the press with a press all tension members by the same path become. As a result, an identical state of tension occurs in all tension members during the tensioning process.
Beim Spannen von Stufenankern besteht hingegen die Problematik, dass bei einheitlicher Dehnung aller Zugglieder aufgrund deren unterschiedlich freier Stahllängen Ltf sich unterschiedliche Spannungszustände einstellen würden. Kürzere Zugglieder würden gegenüber längeren Zuggliedern stärker beansprucht werden, so dass sich die Prüflast Fp bei kürzeren Zuggliedern schon bei einer Dehnung einstellte, bei der längere Zugglieder noch weit unterhalb der Prüflast Fp liegen.When tensioning step anchors, however, there is the problem that with uniform elongation of all tension members due to their different free lengths of steel L tf different stress states would set. Shorter tension members would be subjected to greater stress compared to longer tension members, so that the test load Fp already set for shorter tension members at an elongation at which longer tension members are still far below the test load F p .
Aus diesem Grund werden Stufenanker mit untereinander hydraulisch verbundenen Einzelspannpressen gespannt, d. h. jedem Zugglied ist eine Spannpresse zugeordnet, die das Zugglied bis zum Erreichen der Prüflast Fp dehnt. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen freien Stahllängen Ltf der Zugglieder ergeben sich dabei unterschiedliche Dehnwege. Nach Erreichen der Prüflast Fp werden die einzelnen Zugglieder auf eine einheitliche Gebrauchslast eingestellt, d. h. nach Abschluss des Spannvorgangs weisen alle Zugglieder unabhängig von ihrer Länge die gleiche Last im Gebrauchszustand auf.For this reason, step anchors are tensioned with hydraulically connected individual clamping presses, ie each tension member is assigned a clamping press which stretches the tension member until it reaches the test load Fp. Due to the different free steel lengths L tf of the tension members result in different strain paths. After reaching the test load Fp the individual tension members are set to a uniform service load, ie after completion of the clamping operation, all tension members, regardless of their length, the same load in use.
Durch die Notwendigkeit eine Vielzahl von Einzelspannpressen vorhalten und bedienen zu müssen stellt sich diese Vorgehensweise sowohl in technischer als auch wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht als äußerst aufwändig heraus. Zusätzlich ist mit dem Einsatz einer Vielzahl von Einzelspannpressen ein erheblicher Aufwand für die erforderliche Mess- und Protokollierarbeit verbunden. In technischer Hinsicht trägt das Beaufschlagen der einzelnen Zugglieder mit einer einheitlichen Gebrauchslast zwar zu einer hohen Ankerkraft bei, hat jedoch den Nachteil, dass im Falle unvorhergesehener Dehnungen des Ankers, beispielsweise durch Verformungen im Untergrund, die Dehnungsreserven der einzelnen Zugglieder unterschiedlich groß sind. Bei Zuggliedern mit kürzerer freier Stahllänge sind die Reserven schon nach kurzer Überdehnung aufgebraucht mit der Gefahr, dass diese Zugglieder versagen.Due to the necessity of having to hold and operate a large number of individual clamping presses, this approach turns out to be extremely costly both technically and economically. In addition, the use of a large number of individual clamping presses entails a considerable outlay for the required measuring and logging work. Technically, the application of the individual tension members with a uniform service load contributes to a high anchor force, but has the disadvantage that in case of unforeseen strains of the armature, for example due to deformations in the ground, the expansion reserves of the individual tension members are different. For tension members with a shorter free steel length, the reserves are used up after a short overstretching with the risk that these tension members will fail.
Zur Verringerung des Arbeitsaufwands beim Spannen ist aus der
Eine ähnliche Problematik liegt der in der
Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich der Erfindung die Aufgabe, ein Verfahren und eine Anordnung zum Spannen von Stufenankern anzugeben, mit dem der Spannvorgang vereinfacht und das Tragverhalten eines Stufenankers bei Überdehnung verbessert wird.Against this background, the invention has the object to provide a method and an arrangement for clamping step anchors, with which simplifies the clamping operation and the bearing behavior of a step armature is improved in case of overstretching.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie einer Anordnung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 13 gelöst.This object is achieved by a method having the features of patent claim 1 and an arrangement having the features of
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous developments emerge from the subclaims.
Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht darin, die Zugglieder eines Stufenankers ausgehend von deren jeweiliger Dehnung bei einer vorbestimmtem maximalen Last derart auf den Gebrauchszustand des Stufenankers einzustellen, dass alle Zugglieder im Gebrauchszustand um einen einheitlichen Längenbetrag weniger stark gedehnt sind als bei vorbestimmter maximaler Last. Die Dehnungsdifferenz der Zugglieder zwischen Vorspannung mit vorbestimmter maximaler Last und der Last im Gebrauchszustand ist somit für alle Zugglieder ein identisch Betrag. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen freien Stahllängen der einzelnen Zugglieder führt die einheitliche Längenänderung der Zugglieder beim Übergang in den Gebrauchszustand jedoch zu unterschiedlichen Spannungszuständen der einzelnen Zugglieder.The basic idea of the invention is to set the tension members of a step anchor based on their respective elongation at a predetermined maximum load to the use state of the step armature that all tension members are stretched in the use state by a uniform amount of length less than at a predetermined maximum load. The expansion difference of the tension members between prestress with predetermined maximum load and the load in use is thus an identical amount for all tension members. Due to the different free steel lengths of the individual tension members, however, the uniform change in length of the tension members in the transition to the use state leads to different stress states of the individual tension members.
Die vorbestimmte maximale Last ist dabei entsprechend den spezifischen Anforderungen des jeweiligen Anwendungsfalles frei wählbar und wird vorteilhafterweise der Prüflast FP der Zugglieder entsprechen um deren mögliche Tragkraft voll auszunutzen.The predetermined maximum load is freely selectable according to the specific requirements of the particular application and will advantageously correspond to the test load F P of the tension members to fully exploit their possible carrying capacity.
Der sich daraus ergebende große Vorteil besteht darin, dass alle Zugglieder unabhängig von ihrer Länge bei einer Beanspruchung über die Gebrauchslast hinaus bis zum Erreichen der Grenztraglast des Stufenankers eine gleiche Tragreserve besitzen. Die Grenztraglast entspricht dabei dem Spannungszustand des Stufenankers bei dem alle Zugglieder mit der vorbestimmtem maximalen Last, vorzugsweise der Prüflast FP , beaufschlagt sind. Damit zeichnet sich ein erfindungsgemäßer Stufenanker durch eine große Sicherheit gegen Versagen aus.The resulting great advantage is that all tension members regardless of their length at a load beyond the working load until reaching the limit load of the step anchor have an equal reserve capacity. The limit load corresponds to the state of stress of the step armature in which all tension members with the predetermined maximum load, preferably the test load F P , are acted upon. Thus, an inventive step anchor is characterized by a high security against failure.
Der beschriebene Grundgedanke kann umgesetzt werden, indem die Zugglieder des Stufenankers mittels Einzelspannpressen bis zur vorbestimmten maximalen Last gespannt und dann weg- oder kraftabhängig abgelassen werden. Das Ablassen der Zugglieder kann dabei einzeln oder auf einmal erfolgen. Danach besitzen alle Zugglieder des Stufenankers eine einheitliche Traglastreserve.The basic idea described can be implemented by tensioning the tension members of the step armature by means of individual clamping presses up to the predetermined maximum load and then releasing it in a path-dependent or force-dependent manner. The draining of the tension members can be done individually or at a time. Thereafter, all tension members of the step anchor have a uniform load reserve.
Da damit aber immer noch ein nicht zu vernachlässigender Aufwand beim Spannen der Zugglieder erforderlich ist, geht eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung einen anderen Weg. Dabei wird ausgehend von den unterschiedlichen freien Stahllängen Ltf der einzelnen Zugglieder der Dehnweg bis zum Erreichen einer vorbestimmten maximalen Last, vorzugsweise der Prüflast Fp, für jedes Zugglied berechnet. Auf dieser Basis erfolgt dann ein Spannen aller Zugglieder in nur einer Spannebene, wobei Zugglieder mit unterschiedlich freier Stahllänge nacheinander und bis zum Erreichen der vorbestimmten maximalem Last mit unterschiedlicher, vorab berechneter Dehnung gespannt werden. Aus den Dehnungsdifferenzen im Spannweg unterschiedlicher Zugglieder ergibt sich, dass sich erst mit Erreichen der vorbestimmten maximalen Last in allen Zuggliedern gleichzeitig der gleiche Spannungszustand einstellt.However, since this still requires a not inconsiderable expense when tensioning the tension members, a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention takes a different route. In this case, starting from the different free steel lengths L tf of the individual tension members, the extension travel is calculated until a predetermined maximum load, preferably the test load Fp, for each tension member is reached. On this basis, then takes place a tensioning of all tension members in only one clamping plane, tension members are tensioned with different lengths of free steel successively and until reaching the predetermined maximum load with different, previously calculated strain. From the expansion differences in the tensioning path of different tension members, it follows that only when the predetermined maximum load is reached does the same tension condition occur in all tension members.
Der Vorteil dieser Vorgehensweise liegt zunächst darin, dass nur eine Presse für den Spannvorgang benötigt wird. Dies kann beispielsweise eine handelsübliche Bündelspannpresse sein, wodurch sich für den Betreiber eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens lediglich geringe Investitionskosten gegenüber der Verwendung von Einzelspannpressen ergeben. Der Spannvorgang eines Stufenankers beschränkt sich auf nur einem Arbeitshub und ist somit rasch bewerkstelligt. Da nur eine Presse Verwendung findet, entsteht dabei ein nur geringer Aufwand für Mess- und Protokollierarbeiten. Dies gereicht der Erfindung zu einer einfachen Bedienung und schnellen Ausführung des Spannvorgangs, was nicht zuletzt deren Wirtschaftlichkeit steigert.The advantage of this procedure is initially that only one press is required for the clamping operation. This may be, for example, a commercially available bundle clamping press, resulting in the operator of a method according to the invention only low investment costs compared to the use of single clamping presses. The clamping process of a step armature is limited to only one working stroke and is thus accomplished quickly. Since only one press is used, this results in only a small effort for measurement and logging. This is sufficient for the invention to a simple operation and quick execution of the clamping process, which not least increases their cost-effectiveness.
Nach Spannen der Zugglieder auf die vorbestimmte maximale Last wird der Stufenanker auf den Gebrauchszustand eingestellt. Dabei wird auch hier ein Zustand hergestellt, bei dem die einzelnen Zugglieder um einen gegenüber der Dehnung unter der vorbestimmten maximalen Last für alle Zugglieder gleichen Betrag weniger stark gedehnt sind. Dadurch besitzen unter Gebrauchslast des Stufenankers alle Zugglieder die gleiche Dehnungsreserve bis zum Erreichen der vorbestimmten maximalen Last. Bei einer Überdehnung des Stufenankers im Gebrauchszustand kann daher die Ankerkraft ohne Überbeanspruchung des Ankers gesteigert werden. Die beste Ausnutzung und damit maximale Tragkraft ergibt sich mit dem gleichzeitigen Erreichen der vorbestimmten maximalen Last in allen Zuggliedern. Ein erfindungsgemäß vorgespannter Stufenanker stellt somit ein Optimum an Sicherheit gegenüber Überdehnung dar bei einfacher und schneller Durchführung des Spannvorgangs.After tensioning the tension members to the predetermined maximum load, the step armature is set to the use condition. In this case, a condition is also produced here in which the individual tension members are stretched to a lower extent than the elongation under the predetermined maximum load for all tension members. As a result, all tension members have the same expansion reserve until the predetermined maximum load is reached while the stanchion is working. In an overstretching of the step armature in use, therefore, the anchor force can be increased without overuse of the armature. The best utilization and thus maximum load capacity results with the simultaneous achievement of the predetermined maximum load in all tension members. An inventively prestressed step armature thus provides optimum safety against overstretching at a simple and faster implementation of the clamping process.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings.
Es zeigen
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Fig. 1a einen Längsschnitt durch einen gespannten Stufenanker, -
Fig. 1b den Lastübertragungsbereich des unterFig. 1a dargestellten Stufenankers, -
Fig. 2 einen Längsschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Anordnung zum Spannen des inFig. 1 dargestellten Stufenankers, -
Fig. 3a und 3b eine Seitenansicht und Draufsicht auf den Fixierabschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Spannkeils der inFigur 2 dargestellten Anordnung, -
Fig. 4a und 4b eine Seitenansicht und Draufsicht auf den Klemmabschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Spannkeils der inFigur 2 dargestellten Anordnung, -
Fig. 5a und 5b eine Seitenansicht und Draufsicht auf ein Justierelement für einen erfindungsgemäßen Spannkeil der inFigur 2 dargestellten Anordnung, -
Fig. 6 eine teilgeschnittene Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Spannkeils in Kombination mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Justierelement, -
Fig. 7 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Stufenanker im Bereich der Spannebene während des Einrichtens der Spannkeile, -
Fig. 8 eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Justierelements und -
Fig. 9 ein Diagramm mit dem Last-Dehnungsverlauf der einzelnen Zugglieder.
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Fig. 1a a longitudinal section through a strained step anchor, -
Fig. 1b the load transfer area of the underFig. 1a illustrated step anchor, -
Fig. 2 a longitudinal section through an inventive arrangement for clamping the inFig. 1 illustrated step anchor, -
Fig. 3a and 3b a side view and top view of the fixing portion of a clamping wedge according to the invention ofFIG. 2 arrangement shown, -
Fig. 4a and 4b a side view and top view of the clamping portion of a clamping wedge according to the invention ofFIG. 2 arrangement shown, -
Fig. 5a and 5b a side view and top view of an adjusting element for a clamping wedge according to the invention ofFIG. 2 arrangement shown, -
Fig. 6 a partially cutaway side view of a clamping wedge according to the invention in combination with an adjusting element according to the invention, -
Fig. 7 a longitudinal section through a step anchor in the region of the clamping plane during the establishment of the clamping wedges, -
Fig. 8 a further embodiment of an adjusting element according to the invention and -
Fig. 9 a diagram with the load-elongation curve of the individual tension members.
Der Stufenanker 1 setzt sich aus mehreren achsparallelen Zuggliedern 4, 5 und 6 zusammen. Jedes der Zugglieder 4, 5 und 6 besteht im wesentlichen aus einer Stahldrahtlitze 7, die über den größten Teil ihrer Länge mit einer Ummantelung 8 versehen ist. Das dem Bohrlochgrund zugeordnete Ende 9 der Stahldrahtlitze 7 hingegen bleibt nackt. Durch die unterschiedlichen Längen der Zugglieder 4, 5 und 6 ergibt sich eine in Längsrichtung 14 des Stufenankers 1 gestaffelte Anordnung der Enden 9 der Stahldrahtlitzen 7 im Bohrloch 2.The step anchor 1 is composed of several axially
Die gegenüberliegenden luftseitigen Enden der Zugglieder 4, 5 und 6 sind durch Bohrungen in einer Verankerungsscheibe 10 geführt. Zur Bildung einer Aufnahme 11 erweitern sich die Bohrungen in Richtung der freien Enden der Zugglieder 4, 5 und 6 konusförmig. In den Aufnahmen 11 sind in bekannter Weise dreigliedrige segmentförmige Verankerungskeile 12 angeordnet, die sich gegen die Verankerungsscheibe 10 abstützen und dabei eine Klemmwirkung auf die Stahldrahtlitzen 7 ausüben, wodurch sich eine Verankerung der Stahldrahtlitzen 7 in der Verankerungsscheibe 10 einstellt.The opposite air-side ends of the
Zur Eintragung der Ankerkraft in den Untergrund ist das Bohrloch 2 mit einem Injektionsmörtel 13 verpresst. Im Bereich der freien Enden 9 kommt es dabei zu einem Verbund zwischen den Litzen 7 und dem Injektionsmörtel 13, so dass die Ankerkraft auf die Wandung des Bohrlochs 2 und im Weiteren auf das umgebende Erdreich übertragen wird. Der Bereich der Zugglieder 4, 5, 6, der zur Lastabtragung in den Untergrund wirksam ist, ist als Verankerungslänge Ltb bezeichnet.To register the anchor force in the ground, the borehole 2 is pressed with an
Im Bereich der Ummantelung 8 hingegen verhindert die Ummantelung 8 die Ausbildung eines kraftschlüssigen Verbundes zwischen den Litzen 7 und dem Injektionsmörtel 13. Die Litzen 7 sind trotz des Injektionsmörtels 13 frei dehnbar in der Ummantelung 8 angeordnet, so dass im Bereich der Ummantelung 8 keine Lastübertragung in den Untergrund stattfinden kann. Der Bereich der freien Dehnbarkeit der Litzen 7 wird als freie Stahllänge Ltf bezeichnet und ist in
Wie aus
Die in
Bohrlochseitig stützt sich die Bündelspannpresse 15 auf einem hohlzylindrischen Bauteil 19 ab, das zum Zurückhalten der Verankerungskeile 12 in den Aufnahmen 11 der Verankerungsscheibe 10 während des Spannens der Zugglieder 4, 5, 6 dient. Das Bauteil 19 ist zu diesem Zweck auf die Verankerungsscheibe 10 aufgesetzt und somit druckkraftübertragend zwischen Bündelspannpresse 15 und Verankerungsscheibe 10 zwischengeschaltet. Das Zurückhalten der Verankerungskeile 12 bewirkt eine das Bauteil 19 stirnseitig verschließende Keilrückhaltescheibe 20. Diese wandert beim Ablassen der Zugglieder 4, 5, 6 während des Prüfvorgangs mit den Verankerungskeilen 12 mit. Erst nach dem letzten Ablassen und vor dem Aufspannen der Zugglieder 4, 5, 6 auf die Gebrauchslast FW wird die Keilrückhaltescheibe 20 im Bauteil 19 festgelegt.On the borehole side, the
Der Spannkolben 17 trägt mit seinem freien Ende eine ebenfalls lochscheibenförmige Klemmplatte 21, die in ihrer Ausbildung weitestgehend der Verankerungsscheibe 10 entspricht. Die Klemmplatte 21 besitzt also Durchgangsbohrungen, die sich zur Bildung von Aufnahmen 22 zu deren Stirnseite 23 hin konisch erweitern. Durch jede Aufnahme 22 erstreckt sich die bloße Litze 7 der Zugglieder 4, 5 und 6, die somit mit ihrem freien Ende über die Stirnseite 23 der Klemmplatte 21 hinausragen.The
Auf den überstehenden Enden der Litzen 7 sitzen Sperrelemente in Form von Spannkeilen 25, deren Aufgabe darin besteht, die Litzen 7 für den Spannvorgang gegenüber der Klemmplatte 21 in Spannrichtung 27 zu fixieren. Dies geschieht durch Einklemmen der Litze 7 mittels eines Spannkeils 25, der sich wiederum gegen die Wandung der Aufnahme 22 der Klemmplatte 21 abstützt. Zwar wird die Klemmkraft über die gesamte Länge des Spannkeils 25 in die Litze 7 eingetragen. Zur Vereinfachung des Verständnisses der Erfindung wird jedoch bei der weiteren Betrachtung die Klemmwirkung auf eine idealisierte, radial zur Spannachse 26 ausgerichtete und spannkeilspezifische Klemmebene A, B, C reduziert.On the protruding ends of the
Wie aus
Dem gegenüber wird als Spannebene 24 diejenige radial zur Spannachse 26 ausgerichtete Ebene bezeichnet, die sich beim Spannen des Stufenankers 1 in Spannrichtung 27 bewegt und dabei die Spannkraft auf die Zugglieder 4, 5, 6 überträgt. Eine Beaufschlagung einer Litze 7 mit Spannkraft und damit eines Zugglieds 4, 5, 6 tritt demgemäß erst ein, wenn die Spannebene 24 deckungsgleich mit einer der Klemmebene A, B, C geworden ist.On the other hand, as the clamping
Im vorliegenden Beispiel wird die Spannebene 24 von der Klemmplatte 21 verkörpert. Die Spannebene 24 und eine Klemmebene A, B, C sind dann deckungsgleich, sobald der Spannkeil 25 fest in der Aufnahme 22 der Klemmplatte 21 sitzt. Dieser Zustand ist in
Die Funktion der beschriebenen Anordnung sowie der Verlauf des Spannvorgangs wird später unter zusätzlicher Zuhilfenahme von
Der nähere Aufbau des zur Spannanordnung gehörenden Spannkeils 25 ist in seiner Gesamtheit in
Im Gebrauchszustand ist der Fixierabschnitt 30 zur Bildung eines vollständigen erfindungsgemäßen Spannkeils 25 mit dem in den
Erfindungsgemäß kommt hinzu, dass sich die Segmente 37 im dickwandigen Bereich zur gemeinsamen Bildung eines Verbindungsschaftes 42 mit konstanter Dicke axial fortsetzen. In diesem Bereich besitzen die Segmente 37 eine innen liegende Ringnut 40, so dass sich am stirnseitigen Ende des Verbindungsschaftes 42 ein Ringflansch 41 (
In
In der Längsachse des Spannkeils 25 bilden der Fixierabschnitt 30 und Klemmabschnitt 36 einen durchgängigen Hohlraum, so dass ein axiales Aufschieben des Spannkeils 25 auf eine in
Da die Spannkeile 25 die Klemmebenen A, B, C definieren, ist es für die Erfindung wesentlich, die Spannkeile 25 in bestimmungsgemäßer Position auf den Litzen 7 anzubringen. Für deren bestimmungsgemäße Position ist ausschließlich der vorab rechnerisch ermittelte axiale Abstand Δl der Spannkeile 25 untereinander maßgebend. Der erfindungsgemäße axiale Abstand Δl zwischen den Spannkeilen 25 der Zugglieder 4, 5 oder 6 entspricht jeweils der Differenz der Dehnungen der einzelnen Zugglieder beim Aufbringen der vorbestimmten maximalen Last auf jedes Zugglied ausgehend von dessen unbelastetem Ausgangszustand. Diese Dehnungsdifferenz Δl kann bei Kenntnis der freien Stahllänge Ltf und der vorbestimmten maximalen Last bzw. der Prüflast Fp rechnerisch ermittelt werden.Since the clamping
Zum erfindungsgemäßen Einrichten der Spannkeile 25 auf den Litzen 7 der Zugglieder 4, 5 und 6 im richtigen gegenseitigen Abstand dient vorteilhafterweise eine einheitliche Bezugsebene, deren axialer Abstand zu den einzelnen Klemmebenen A, B, C ermittelt und von der aus dann die Klemmebenen A, B, C eingemessen werden.To set up the clamping
Im vorliegenden Beispiel dient als Bezugsebene die Stirnseite 23 der Klemmplatte 21, die gleichzeitig die Spannebene 24 darstellt. Da der Spannkeil 25 des Zugglieds 4 fest in der Aufnahme 22 der Klemmplatte 21 sitzt, befindet sich dessen Klemmebene A bereits in der Spannebene 24 und damit in der Bezugsebene. Es müssen daher nur noch die Abstände Δl1 von der Bezugsebene zur Klemmebene B des Spannkeils 25 des Zugglieds 5 und Δl2 von der Bezugsebene zur Klemmebene C des Spannkeils 25 des Zugglieds 6 eingemessen werden.In the present example serves as a reference plane, the
Für diesen Arbeitsvorgang eignet sich vorteilhafterweise das vor allem in den
Die Verwendung der Justierelemente 45 geht aus den
Die so voreingestellten Justierelemente 45 werden zusammen mit den Spannkeilen 25 in der aus
Durch Eindrehen der Madenschraube 35 erfolgt eine Fixierung der Spannkeile 25 auf den Litzen 7 in dieser Position. Danach können die Justierelemente 45 wieder von den Litzen 7 abgenommen werden. Der auf diese Weise erreichte Zustand entspricht dem in
Eine alternative Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Justierelements 52 ist in
Durch jede der Bohrungen erstreckt sich jeweils eine Abstandshülse 54 deren Außenmantel ein mit dem Innengewinde korrespondierendes Außengewinde 55 besitzt. Auf diese Weise sind die Abstandshülsen 54 in die Durchgangsbohrungen des Grundkörpers 53 einschraubbar. Durch mehr oder weniger weites Einschrauben der Abstandshülsen 54 in den Grundkörper 53 kann die Lage des freien Endes der Abstandshülsen 54 eingestellt werden. Eine auf die Abstandshülse 54 aufgeschraubte und sich gegen den Grundkörper 53 abstützende Kontermutter 56 fixiert die Lage der Abstandshülse 54 in der eingestellten Position.Through each of the bores in each case extends a
Auf diese Weise werden die Abstandshülsen 54 in ihrer gegenseitigen Lage derart eingestellt, dass ihre freien Enden im Abstand der Klemmebenen A, B, C angeordnet sind, wobei die Abstandshülsen 54 mit dem größten Überstand zum Grundkörper 53 den Zuggliedern 4, 5 mit längerer freier Stahlstrecke Ltf zugeordnet sind und Abstandshülsen 54 mit kleinerem Überstand zum Grundkörper 53 den Zuggliedern 5, 6 mit kleinerer freier Stahllänge Ltf.In this way, the
Der bestimmungsgemäße Gebrauch eines solchen Justierelements 52 erfolgt nachdem die Sperrelemente, das heißt im vorliegenden Beispiel die Spannkeile 25 bestehend aus Klemmabschnitt 36 und Fixierabschnitt 30 auf die einzelnen Litzen 7 aufgeschoben worden sind. Danach werden die freien Enden der Litzen 7 der einzelnen Zugglieder 4, 5, 6 einzeln jeweils durch die ihnen zugeordnete Abstandshülse 54 hindurch gefädelt und das Justierelement 52 insgesamt auf den Litzen 7 in Richtung der Klemmplatte 21 geschoben. Dabei geraten die einzelnen Spannkeile 25 nach und nach in Anlage mit den freien Enden der Abstandshülsen 54, wodurch sich ein Abstand der Spannkeile 25 entsprechend dem Abstand der Klemmebenen A, B, C untereinander ergibt. Um den Spannweg möglichst kurz zu gestalten, wird das Justierelement 52 vorteilhafterweise soweit auf den Stufenanker 1 aufgeschoben, bis die Abstandshülse 54 mit dem größten Überstand über den Grundkörper 53 den Spannkeil 25 auf dem Zugglied 4, 5 mit der längsten freien Stahllänge Ltf in die zugehörige Aufnahme 22 in der Klemmplatte 21 drückt. Die in Längsrichtung gestaffelte Anordnung der übrigen Spannkeile 25 auf den Zuggliedern 5, 6 mit kürzerer freier Stahllänge Ltf ergibt sich dabei von selbst.The intended use of such adjusting
Der Spannvorgang wird nachfolgend anhand der
Nach Erreichen eines Spannwegs von Δl1 gelangt die Spannebene 24 in eine mit der Klemmebene B deckungsgleiche Position, das heißt die Spannkeile 25 auf der Litze 7 des zweitlängsten Zugglieds 5 sitzen passgenau in den Aufnahmen 22. Durch weiteres Ausfahren des Spannzylinders 17 werden nun beide Zugglieder 4 und 5 gedehnt, wobei die Last im Zugglied 4 weiter gesteigert und eine Last mit dem Verlauf b im Zugglied 5 initiiert wird.After reaching a clamping distance of .DELTA.l 1 reaches the clamping
Mit dem weiteren Spannen des Stufenankers 1 gelangt die Spannebene 24 nach Zurücklegen des Spannwegs Δl2 in den Bereich der Klemmebene C und damit die Spannkeile 25 auf den Litzen 7 des kürzesten Zugglieds 6 in die Aufnahmen 22. Durch weiteres Ausfahren des Spannzylinders 17 bis zu einem maximalen Spannweg Δlmax sind nun alle Zugglieder 4, 5 und 6 mit der vorbestimmten maximalen Last beaufschlagt. Der Spannungsverlauf des Zugglieds 6 ist mit c bezeichnet.With the further tightening of the step armature 1 reaches the clamping
Wie aus
Durch anschließendes Ablassen des Stufenankers 1 durch Zurückfahren des Spannkolbens 17 um den Wert Δlmax - Δlw oder Zurückfahren des Spannkolbens 17 und anschließendes Aufspannen der Zugglieder 4, 5, 6 um den Wert Δlwwerden die einzelnen Zugglieder 4, 5 und 6 auf die Gebrauchslast Fw des Stufenankers 1 eingestellt. Das Erreichen der Gebrauchslast Fw kann über den damit korrespondierenden Pressendruck oder den Pressenhub angezeigt werden. In diesem Zustand weisen längere Zugglieder höhere Spannungen auf als kürzere Zugglieder (
Claims (30)
- A method of tensioning a stepped anchor (1) with a plurality of tension members (4,5,6) which are anchored at different depths in the borehole (2) and, therefore, have different free steel lengths (Ltf), wherein each tension member (4,5,6) is tensioned up to a predetermined maximum load and is then adjusted to the working load (Fw), characterised in that to adjust the stepped anchor (1) to the working load (Fw) all the tension members (4,5,6) are adjusted in relation to the respective elongation (ΔImax) at the predetermined maximum load to an elongation (ΔIw) reduced accordingly by a uniform elongation difference (ΔImax - ΔIw).
- A method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the predetermined maximum load corresponds to a test load (FP).
- A method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the adjustment to the working load (Fw) is effected by relieving the tension members (4,5,6).
- A method according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the adjustment of the tension members (4,5,6) to the working load (Fw) is effected displacement-dependently or force-dependently.
- A method according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that all the tension members (4,5,6) are relieved simultaneously.
- A method according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the tensioning procedure starts with tension members (4,5,6) of longer free steel length (Ltf) followed by tension members (4,5,6) of shorter free steel length (Ltf).
- A method according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the tensioning procedure for all the tension members (4,5,6) is concluded simultaneously.
- A method according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that tension members (4,5,6) with the same free steel length (Ltf) are tensioned simultaneously.
- A method according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the tension members (4,5,6) are tensioned independently of one another.
- A method according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the tensioning of the tension members (4,5,6) is effected in a single tensioning plane (24) for all the tension members (4,5,6), wherein, before the tensioning, for each tension member (4,5,6) a clamping plane (A,B,C) is determined and upon reaching the clamping plane (A,B,C) of a tension member (4,5,6) by the tensioning plane (24) a force coupling is established between the tensioning plane (24) and the tension member (4,5,6), wherein the clamping planes (A,B,C) of shorter tension members (4,5,6) lie in clamping direction after the clamping planes (A,B,C) of longer tension members (4,5,6).
- A method according to Claim 10, characterised in that the determining of the distance apart (Δl1,2) of the clamping planes (A,B,C) is effected in such a way that, upon reaching a predetermined limit load of the stepped anchor (1), all the tension members (4,5,6) have an identical tensioning state, preferably the test load (FP).
- A method according to Claim 10 or 11, characterised in that the distance apart (ΔI1,2) of the clamping planes (A,B,C) corresponds to the difference in the elongation of the individual tension members (4,5,6) until a predetermined maximum load is attained, preferably the test load (FP), depending on the different free steel lengths of the individual tension members (4, 5, 6) .
- An assembly for tensioning a stepped anchor (1) assembled from a plurality of tension members (4,5,6) with different free steel length (Ltf) by means of a prestressing jack (15), which is arranged between an anchor plane (10) on the borehole side and a tensioning plane (24), and with a clamping plate (21), which is arranged in the tensioning plane (24) and can be moved by the prestressing jack (15) in the tensioning direction (27), wherein the individual tension members (4,5,6) are provided with a respective locking element (25), which locking elements locate the tension members (4,5,6) in the tensioning plane (24) relative to the clamping plate (21), characterised in that a plurality of tension members (4,5,6) of different free steel length (Ltf) are associated with the clamping plate (21) and the locking elements (25) are arranged in clamping planes (A,B,C) staggered in relation to the tensioning direction.
- An assembly according to Claim 13, characterised in that all the locking elements (25) of tension members (4,5,6) of equal free steel length (Ltf) are associated with the same clamping plane (A,B,C).
- An assembly according to Claim 13 or 14, characterised in that the tension members (4,5,6) of equal free steel length (Ltf) are uniformly distributed on a circumferential line in relation to the tensioning axis (26).
- An assembly according to any one of Claims 13 to 15, characterised in that the clamping planes (A,B,C) of tension members (4,5,6) with shorter free steel length (Ltf) are arranged in tensioning direction (27) along the clamping plane (A,B,C) of tension members (4,5,6) with longer free steel length (Ltf).
- An assembly according to any one of Claims 13 to 16, characterised in that the distance apart (ΔI1,2) of the clamping planes (A,B,C) is such that, when a predetermined limit load acts on the stepped anchor, all the tension members (4,5,6) exhibit an identical tensioning state, preferably the test load (FP).
- An assembly according to any one of Claims 13 to 17, characterised in that the distance apart of two successive clamping planes (A,B,C) corresponds to the difference in the elongations (ΔI1,2) of the individual tension members (4,5,6), in which tension members (4,5,6) with longer free steel length (Ltf) have the same load (FP) as the tension members (4,5,6) with shorter free steel length (Ltf).
- An assembly according to any one of Claims 13 to 18, characterised in that the locking elements (25) have a multipart wedge-shaped clamping portion (36) and a fixing portion (30) which are joined together, wherein the fixing portion (30) enables the locking element (25) to be located relative to the tension member (4,5,6) in the corresponding clamping plane (A,B,C) and the clamping portion (36) enables the tension member (4,5,6) to be located relative to the tensioning plane (24).
- An assembly according to Claim 19, characterised in that the clamping portion (36) and the fixing portion (30) are joined together by being of form-locking shape in the overlapping zone, in particular by an annular groove (32,40) and an annular flange (33,41).
- An assembly according to Claim 19 or 19, characterised in that the fixing portion (30) is of annular shape and has a threaded radial bore (34), in which a setscrew (35) is provided for locating the fixing portion (30) relative to the tension member (4,5,6).
- An assembly according to any one of Claims 13 to 21, characterised by an adjusting element (45) for aligning a locking element (25) in the associated clamping plane (A,B,C), wherein the adjusting element (45) can be brought into contact with the locking element (25) so as to form a reference plane and has a spacer acting against a reference surface, preferably against the clamping plate (31).
- An assembly according to Claim 22, characterised in that the adjusting element (45) comprises a washer (46) which can be pushed on to a tension member (4,5,6).
- An assembly according to Claim 22 or 23, characterised in that the spacer can be adjusted to different distances apart of the clamping planes (A,B,C) relative to the tensioning plane (24).
- An assembly according to Claims 22 to 24, characterised in that the spacer comprises a threaded rod (48) which is guided in a threaded nut (47) mounted on the washer (46) and is preferably secured by a lock nut (49).
- An assembly according to any one of Claims 22 to 25, characterised in that the adjusting element (45) can be released from the locking element (25) so as to enable the adjusting element (45) to be removed from the tension member (4,5,6) after the positioning of the locking element (25).
- An assembly according to any one of Claims 13 to 21, characterised by an adjusting element (52) for aligning all the locking elements (25) in the associated clamping plane (A,B,C), wherein the adjusting element (52) has a base member (53) on which axially parallel spacer sleeves (54) are fastened so as to be adjustable in their longitudinal axis, wherein the ends of the spacer sleeves (54) are arranged staggered from one another corresponding to the distance apart of the clamping planes (A,B,C) and in each case one spacer sleeve (54) is associated with a tension member (4,5,6) so that, when the adjusting element (52) is pushed on to the free ends of the tension members (4,5,6), the locking elements (25) can be brought into abutment with the ends of the spacer sleeves (54), thereby giving rise to their staggered arrangement in the clamping planes (A,B,C).
- An assembly according to Claim 27, characterised in that the base member (53) has axially parallel internally threaded bores and the spacer sleeves (54) have an external screw thread (55) corresponding to the internal screw thread so that, by being screwed to a greater or lesser extent into the base member (53), the spacer sleeves (54) are adjustable in their relative position to one another in a longitudinal direction.
- An assembly according to Claim 28, characterised by a lock nut (56) which can be screwed on to the spacer sleeves (54) so as to locate the spacer sleeves (54) in relation to the base member (53).
- An assembly according to any one of Claims 27 to 29, characterised in that the base member (53) is of substantially disc-like shape, preferably of circular disc-like shape.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL06004436T PL1707684T3 (en) | 2005-03-10 | 2006-03-04 | Method and apparatus for tensioning of a multiple step anchor |
SI200630459T SI1707684T1 (en) | 2005-03-10 | 2006-03-04 | Method and apparatus for tensioning of a multiple step anchor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005010957A DE102005010957A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 | 2005-03-10 | Method and arrangement for tensioning a step anchor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1707684A1 EP1707684A1 (en) | 2006-10-04 |
EP1707684B1 true EP1707684B1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
Family
ID=36778272
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06004436A Not-in-force EP1707684B1 (en) | 2005-03-10 | 2006-03-04 | Method and apparatus for tensioning of a multiple step anchor |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7553108B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1707684B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE441759T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2539056C (en) |
DE (2) | DE102005010957A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2330769T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL1707684T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1707684E (en) |
SI (1) | SI1707684T1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202017104083U1 (en) | 2017-07-07 | 2017-08-22 | Bbv Systems Gmbh | Step anchors for anchoring in a substrate or component |
DE102017211678A1 (en) | 2017-07-07 | 2019-01-10 | Bbv Systems Gmbh | Step anchor and method for anchoring a step anchor in a substrate or component |
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CN101065549B (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2010-09-29 | 奥蒂斯电梯公司 | Joint configuration for a load bearing assembly |
DE102006000486A1 (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2008-04-10 | Hilti Ag | Anchor rod and arrangement for reinforcing existing components against punching with such an anchor rod |
CN101078212B (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2010-08-18 | 李保国 | Anchorage and removing method thereof |
AU2010336022B2 (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2014-08-14 | Geotech Pty Ltd | An anchorage system |
JP5542961B2 (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2014-07-09 | ファウ・エス・エル・インターナツイオナール・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | Method and system for adjusting multiple strands to equal tension |
CA2698434C (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2017-08-08 | William James Ekins | Duct grip anchor system |
AU2011293086B2 (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2015-10-22 | Mark Ronald Sinclair | System for anchoring a load |
EP2439359A1 (en) * | 2010-10-06 | 2012-04-11 | F.J. Aschwanden AG | Method for reinforcing concreted slabs for supporting elements |
CN102677670B (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2015-12-09 | 王立明 | One tears anchor formula recoverable anchor rod open |
CN102359232A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-02-22 | 成都市虹筑路桥机械有限公司 | High-strength anchor backing plate |
CN102535754B (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2015-11-18 | 成都市虹筑路桥机械有限公司 | A kind of high-strength anchor base plate |
US8919057B1 (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2014-12-30 | Tracbeam, Llc | Stay-in-place insulated concrete forming system |
JP6223162B2 (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2017-11-01 | 一般財団法人ダム技術センター | Residual tensile force confirmation method and system for bond type anchor, displacement confirmation method |
JP2016017394A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2016-02-01 | 株式会社ドーコン | Displacement suppressor and installation method for the same |
JP6872231B2 (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2021-05-19 | 長寿補強土株式会社 | Reinforcement structure of rock slope with long-term durability and its construction method |
CN107524145A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-12-29 | 龙口矿业集团有限公司 | Can quick regulation anchor force size anchor cable lock |
CN107700848A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-02-16 | 核工业西南勘察设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of stopping means for reducing prestressd anchor cable loss |
CN110344410A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-10-18 | 中南大学 | Concatenation unit for rock bolt shank damping energy consumption and the anchor pole from damping energy consumption |
CN110561614A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2019-12-13 | 北京好运达智创科技有限公司 | steel bar prestress tensioning and releasing device |
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US3658296A (en) * | 1970-09-24 | 1972-04-25 | Lawrence R Yegge | System for post-tensioning and anchoring prestressing tendons |
BE788294A (en) * | 1971-09-14 | 1973-01-02 | Manuf Aceros Caucho Sa | HYDRAULIC CYLINDER FOR TENSIONING CABLES, ESPECIALLY FOR CONSTRUCTION |
FR2582335B1 (en) * | 1985-05-24 | 1987-08-14 | Gtm Ets Sa | DEVICE FOR ANCHORING AN END OF AT LEAST ONE LIVE CABLE OR BAR, PARTICULARLY FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE STRUCTURE. |
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DE4138470A1 (en) * | 1991-11-22 | 1993-05-27 | Bauer Spezialtiefbau | Attachment of anchor cable to anchor plate - by means of wedges which do not affect tension in cable |
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DE19536700C2 (en) * | 1995-09-30 | 1999-07-15 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag | Method for tensioning a tension member from a plurality of individual elements |
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GB2340144B (en) * | 1998-08-06 | 2000-06-28 | Keller Ltd | Ground anchorage |
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GB2356884B (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2001-11-07 | Keller Ltd | Slope stabilising means |
DE10037516C1 (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2002-01-17 | Bauer Spezialtiefbau | High load anchor, for fixing trench walls or foundations, has staggered adhesion connection parts of individual tension bars in force take-up area formed by pressing body |
KR100472135B1 (en) | 2002-05-28 | 2005-03-08 | 박병구 | Anchor System for length control |
-
2005
- 2005-03-10 DE DE102005010957A patent/DE102005010957A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-03-04 PL PL06004436T patent/PL1707684T3/en unknown
- 2006-03-04 PT PT06004436T patent/PT1707684E/en unknown
- 2006-03-04 DE DE502006004701T patent/DE502006004701D1/en active Active
- 2006-03-04 SI SI200630459T patent/SI1707684T1/en unknown
- 2006-03-04 EP EP06004436A patent/EP1707684B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-03-04 ES ES06004436T patent/ES2330769T3/en active Active
- 2006-03-04 AT AT06004436T patent/ATE441759T1/en active
- 2006-03-09 CA CA002539056A patent/CA2539056C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-10 US US11/372,196 patent/US7553108B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202017104083U1 (en) | 2017-07-07 | 2017-08-22 | Bbv Systems Gmbh | Step anchors for anchoring in a substrate or component |
DE102017211678A1 (en) | 2017-07-07 | 2019-01-10 | Bbv Systems Gmbh | Step anchor and method for anchoring a step anchor in a substrate or component |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL1707684T3 (en) | 2010-02-26 |
CA2539056C (en) | 2008-12-30 |
EP1707684A1 (en) | 2006-10-04 |
PT1707684E (en) | 2009-10-23 |
CA2539056A1 (en) | 2006-09-10 |
ES2330769T3 (en) | 2009-12-15 |
DE102005010957A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
ATE441759T1 (en) | 2009-09-15 |
DE502006004701D1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
US7553108B2 (en) | 2009-06-30 |
SI1707684T1 (en) | 2010-01-29 |
US20060201100A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
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