EP1706504A1 - Verfahren zur identifizierung und herstellung von effektoren calmodulin-abh ngiger peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerasen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur identifizierung und herstellung von effektoren calmodulin-abh ngiger peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerasenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1706504A1 EP1706504A1 EP05706982A EP05706982A EP1706504A1 EP 1706504 A1 EP1706504 A1 EP 1706504A1 EP 05706982 A EP05706982 A EP 05706982A EP 05706982 A EP05706982 A EP 05706982A EP 1706504 A1 EP1706504 A1 EP 1706504A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- camap
- calm
- effector
- calmodulin
- activity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/533—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving isomerase
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
- G01N2333/46—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- G01N2333/47—Assays involving proteins of known structure or function as defined in the subgroups
- G01N2333/4701—Details
- G01N2333/4727—Calcium binding proteins, e.g. calmodulin
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2500/00—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value
- G01N2500/02—Screening involving studying the effect of compounds C on the interaction between interacting molecules A and B (e.g. A = enzyme and B = substrate for A, or A = receptor and B = ligand for the receptor)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for identifying and producing effectors of peptidyl-prolyl cis / trans isomerases which can be activated by calmodulin. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the identified effectors for the production of medicaments, as well as screening methods and kits.
- PPIases Peptidyl-prolyl cis / trans isomerases
- PPIases are classified according to the recommendations of the "Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology" ("Enzyme Nomenclature", Academic Press, 1992) under EC number 5.2.1.8 summarized.
- the main representatives of this class of enzymes were discovered and defined by their enzymatic activity against suitable substrates, e.g. Cyclophilin (Fischer et al, Nature. 337 (1989): 476-8); FKBP12 (Harding et al. Nature. 341 (1989): 758-60) or Parvulin (Rahfeld et al. FEBS Letters.
- PPIases can cis / trans isomerize prolyl peptide bonds in oligopeptides and Catalyze proteins.
- Internationally, previously unclassified proteins are often assigned to this enzyme class by comparing primary sequences using constantly updated databases such as SwissProt, TrEMBL (e.g.: Nucleic Acids Res. 31: 365-370 (2003) or CELERA (cds@celera.com) and the use of suitable comparison algorithms (such as Bioinformatics 15: 219-227 (1999) or US6023659). The quality this assignment is assessed with the help of suitable netting values (scores).
- a further possibility of assigning unknown proteins to the class of PPIases is to determine the PPIase activity by means of suitable PPIase activity tests, for example by means of isomer-specific proteolysis (Fischer et al. Biochim. Biophys Aacta 43 (1984), 1101; Fischer et al. Nature. 337 (1989): 476-8), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Kern et al. Biochemisti34 34 (12995) 13598, Reimer et al. Biochemical J. 326 (1997) 181), or other spectroscopic determination methods known to the specialist (such as: Janowski et al. Analytical Biochemistry 252 (1997), 299; Garcia-Echeverria et al. Biochem.
- PPIase activity reports listed above it can be seen that some of the enzymes assigned to the PPIases, such as, for example, FKBP38 (Shirane Nature Cell Biology 5 (2003) 1), are only slight or less than known PPIase representatives such as cyclophilin, FKBP12 or parvulin have hardly detectable PPIase activity compared to typical PPIase substrates.
- Typical PPIase substrates have a peptidyl-prolyl peptide bond, are known to the person skilled in the art and are described in numerous references accessible to the person skilled in the art, for example: Clinical Chemistry.
- Calmodulin occurs in animal and plant cells as a widespread intracellular Ca 2+ receptor, which mediates a variety of Ca 2+ -regulated processes.
- cytoplasmic calcium level rises, caused by the opening of calcium channels in the plasma membrane or a membrane of intracellular storage vesicles, calmodulin is activated.
- Many enzymes, pumps, membrane transport proteins and other target proteins are regulated by Ca 2+ / Calmodulin, most of them. Effects are not triggered directly by calmodulin, but via Ca 2+ / calmodulin-dependent protein kinases.
- calmodulin is also an independent regulatory subunit of an allosteric enzyme (e.g. phosphorylase kinase).
- Calmodulin apparently recognizes the different target proteins from positively charged, amphipathic alpha helices, since both lobes of the Ca 2+ -calmodulin have hydrophobic sequence regions which are surrounded by negatively charged regions and thus have complementarity with positively charged amphiphilic alpha helices (P. Cohen and CB Klee (ed.) Calmodulin. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1988). Although parts of the primary sequence appear conserved, there are considerable differences between individual species, so. eg between the human protein and that from yeast:
- the problem underlying the present invention was to provide means for a method for identifying and / or producing an effector of a calmodulin-dependent peptidyl prolyl cis / trans. Isomerase. By solving this technical problem, specifically acting drugs are to be provided.
- the present invention thus relates to a method for identifying and / or producing an effector of a calmodulin-dependent peptidyl-prolyl cis / trans isomerase (CaMAP) consisting of steps (a) mixing suitable amounts of a CaMAP or a CaMAP peptide fragment / derivative with one suitable amount of calmodulin or a calmodulin fragment / derivative in a suitable reaction solution with and without the effector; ⁇ . , ... (b) adding an appropriate amount of a suitable CaMAP substrate; , (c) measuring CaMAP activity; and (d) evidence that the effector.
- CaMAP calmodulin-dependent peptidyl-prolyl cis / trans isomerase
- (i) is an inhibitor if the CaMAP activity in the reaction solution with the effector is less than in the reaction solution without the effector; or (ii) is an activator if the CaMAP activity is greater in the reaction solution with the effector than in the reaction solution without the effector.
- effector defines molecules which have the enzymatic activity of the peptidyl-prolyl cis / trans isomerases modulate (modulators). According to the invention, this definition includes inhibitors and activators. "Inhibitors” are defined here as molecules that inhibit specific enzymatic activity. The term “activators” defines molecules that enhance a certain enzymatic activity.
- the effectors that can be analyzed by the present method belong to all known classes of substances that are suitable for the method due to their physicochemical properties.
- the analyzable effectors include both inorganic and organic molecules.
- the effectors can be chemical, synthesized, or provided by isolation from natural sources such as living things.
- the effectors are preferably peptides or polypeptides, sugar molecules, lipids or combinations of these groups of molecules.
- the analyzable effectors are particularly preferably peptides or polypeptides or derivatives thereof.
- the effectors particularly preferably comprise molecules which are known to interact with peptidyl-prolyl cis / trans isomerases, such as, for example, peptide inhibitors, antibodies, lectins or fragments or derivatives thereof, the inhibiting or activating activity of which can be tested in the present method according to the invention.
- CaMAPs Calmodulin-dependent peptidyl prolyl cis / trans.
- isomerases CaMAPs
- CaMAP isomerases
- the term CaMAP also includes" Cal AP peptide fragments / derivatives ", including shortened or different ones known to the person skilled in the art Methods to understand modified CaMAPs that have a peptidyl-prolyl cis / trans isomerase activity.
- Motif search For example, databases accessible to the specialist, such as SwissProt; TrEMBL; Trenew; Trest; Trgen; Trome etc. are searched for PPIases with motifs that are typical for binding of calmodulin. Typical motifs are known to the person skilled in the art and have been described in several ways, for example in Journal of Biological Chemistiy 277 (2002) 14681; Journal of Biological Chemistiy. 276 (10): 7129-35, 2001; Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (18): 10819-22, 1998; Journal of Biological Chemistiy. 269 (42). -26431-7, 1994 .; Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (10): 7129-35, 2001; Plant Physiology.
- Example 4 shows an example of such a search strategy according to the invention with the helical calmodulin motif KHAAQRSTETALYRKM in order to find potential CaMAPs in databases known to the person skilled in the art. A clear assignment to CaMAPs is then carried out using one or more activity tests known to the person skilled in the art.
- the potential binding protein or the active calmodulin can preferably be bound to a macroscopic matrix, for example agarose (for example, calmodulin-agarose for affinity studies is commercially available; for example: Sigma order number: P4385) and then freed of unbound substances by washing, in order to then identify the interaction partners using suitable strategies, such as SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry.
- a macroscopic matrix for example agarose (for example, calmodulin-agarose for affinity studies is commercially available; for example: Sigma order number: P4385) and then freed of unbound substances by washing, in order to then identify the interaction partners using suitable strategies, such as SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry.
- SDS-PAGE mass spectrometry
- the conformation and properties of proteins are determined by their primary sequence, the goal is essentially the planned modification of amino acid sequences of existing proteins.
- small proteins can be synthesized chemically (peptide synthesis). The chemical synthesis enables further regulation of the secondary structure of the protein, since unnatural amino acids can be emitted, such as 2,2-dimethylglycine, the conformation of which is restricted and therefore enables a stable selo structure.
- a chemical modification of native enzymes can also be carried out with the aim of maintaining normal properties (eg enzyme activity) while achieving greater stability.
- a commonly used method is to synthesize genes that code for a polypeptide sequence.
- Hybrid genes can be chemically synthesized by adding segments of natural genes to chemically synthesized DNA sequences.
- new primary sequences can be formed by using synthetic DNA sequences to expand natural genes or to replace segments of natural genes. The resulting synthetic or hybrid DNA is then inserted into a plasmid to synthesize the planned protein.
- the primary sequence can be changed by a CaMAP using methods known to those skilled in the art in such a way that single or more amino acids of the primary sequence are replaced by other amino acids.
- a glycine in position 2 is replaced by an arginine.
- a genetically modified CaMAP or CaMAP peptide fragments / derivatives which are particularly suitable for the search for effectors of CaMAPs can be recognized from the activating effect of calmodulin in the sense of the invention on the PPIase activity of the CaMAP. These are activated CaMAPs or peptide fragments / derivatives preferred according to the invention.
- the protein can be produced from the nucleotide sequence using customary methods known to those skilled in the art.
- CDNA clone databases and genome libraries are available as DNA sources for cloning.
- DNA vectors are used, into which the desired sequences are inserted.
- restriction endonucleases With the help of restriction endonucleases of different specificity, the DNA vectors and cellular genomes can be cleaved at selected sites. If the vector and donor DNA are cleaved with the same enzyme, the ends are complementary and can be hybridized and then linked by a DNA ligase (polynucleotide ligase).
- Application example 10 shows the molecular biological production of a CaMAP as an example.
- CaMAPs according to the invention can also be changed post-translationally.
- CaMAPs can. be acetylated, metliylated, ubiquitinated or phosphorylated.
- Proteins can also be carried out in vitro by a person skilled in the art.
- the CaMAP can be phosphoryherized at least in vitro by means of • different protein serine threonine and protein tyrosine kinases.
- different post-translationally modified CaMAP can be obtained. Overviews of post-translational modifications of proteins are that.
- Application example 10 shows an example of the radioactive labeling of a CaMAP.
- a post-translationally modified CaMAP or CaMAP peptide fragment / derivative which is particularly suitable for the search for effectors of CaMAPs is recognized the activating effect of calmodulin in the sense of the invention on the PPIase activity of the CaMAP.
- These activated CaMAPs or peptide fragments / derivatives are preferred according to the invention.
- Protein chemical change It can also be advantageous according to the invention to chemically modify the CaMAP.
- the methods and processes required for this are known to the person skilled in the art as protein chemical processes.
- the modification of lysines Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (43): 28516-28523, 1998; Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 844 (2): 265-9, 1985
- the oxidation or carbethoxylation (Pharmacology. 26 (5): 249-57, 1983; Biochemistry. 17 (19): 3924-8, 1978)
- Known techniques for chemical change are described, for example, in Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 10 (4): 324-30, 1999; Current Opinion in Chemical Biology.
- Application example 10 shows an example of the radioactive labeling of a CaMAP.
- a suitable particularly for finding effectors of CaMAPs chemically modified CaMAP recognizes "one of the activating effect of inventive calmodulin to the PPIase activity of .CaMAP.
- CaMAP or peptide fragment / derivative recognizes "one of the activating effect of inventive calmodulin to the PPIase activity of .CaMAP.
- CaMAP or peptide fragment / derivative are preferred according to the invention.
- Calmodulin in the sense of the invention comprises all polypeptides of this molecular class known to the person skilled in the art which are suitable for activating the CaMAP activity.
- calmodulin fragments and / or calmodulin derivatives are included which lead to an activation of the peptidyl-prolyl cis / trans isomerase activity in the process according to the invention.
- the detection of the increase in peptidyl-prolyl cis / trans isomerase activity can be carried out by means of methods known to the person skilled in the art and described above.
- Calmodulin according to the invention can be very different.
- the targeted modification of a protein can be achieved by genetic or chemical means or the direct chemical synthesis of a protein with new properties.
- the goal of such changes is to tailor proteins for specific roles in technology and medicine. This includes the production of enzymes with: 1) increased Stability to heat, extreme pH values, oxidizing atmospheres and organic solvents; 2) improved or new substrate specificity and 3) changed properties which facilitate the recovery in subsequent processes. Since the conformation and properties of the proteins are determined by their primary sequence, the goal is essentially the planned modification of amino acid sequences of existing proteins. Alternatively, small proteins can be synthesized chemically (peptide synthesis). Chemical synthesis enables further regulation of the protein's natural structure, since unnatural amino acids can be introduced, such as 2,2-dimethylglycine, the conformation of which is restricted and therefore enables a stable natural structure.
- a chemical modification of native enzymes can also be carried out with the aim of maintaining normal properties (eg enzyme activity) while achieving greater stability.
- the tissue plasminogen activator used for the treatment of thrombosis was given resistance to proteolytic degradation in the body by modifying the surface lysine residues by reaction with an acid anhydride.
- a commonly used method is to synthesize genes that code for a polypeptide sequence of interest. It is possible to chemically synthesize synthetic genes from up to 100 nucleotides.
- Hybrid genes can be chemically synthesized by adding segments of natural genes to chemically synthesized DNA sequences. Alternatively, new primary sequences can be formed by using synthetic DNA sequences to expand natural genes or to replace segments of natural genes. The resulting synthetic or Hybf id DNA is then inserted into a plasmid to synthesize the planned protein.
- the primary sequence of calmodulin can be changed using methods known to those skilled in the art in such a way that single or more amino acids of the primary sequence are replaced by other amino acids. It is also possible to extend the primary sequence N- or C-terminal by means of individual amino acids, oligopeptides or whole proteins. It can also be advantageous to produce only partial areas of the natural protein or protein modified by means of molecular biological methods, as shown in Example 9. Genetically modified calmodulin or a calmodulin fragment or calmodulin derivative which is suitable for the activation of the CaMAPs and which is based on the activating action is particularly preferred for the purposes of the invention recognizes the PPIase activity of the CaMAP.
- Calmodulin can be changed post-translationally. For example, it can be acetylated, methylated, ubiquitinated or phosphorolyzed. Numerous post-translational changes in proteins occurring in vivo can also be carried out in vitro by a person skilled in the art. For example, calmodulin can be phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo using different protein serine / threonine and protein tyrosine kinases and dephosphorylated using pleiotropic protein phosphatases such as PPlgamma or PP2A (Eur. J. Biochem 269 (2002) 3619).
- calmodulin In addition to the targeted in vitro phosphorylation, with defined phosphorylation of individual serines, tlireonins or tyrosines, of genetically engineered calmodulin (e.g. Zhcmg JG. Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications. 222 (2): 439-444, 1996 or West et al. Protein Engineering. 2 (4): 307-ll, 1988) can also calmodulin according to numerous regulations (such as: Ho et al. Preparative Biochemistry. 16 (4): 29> 7-308, 1986; or Caldwell and Haug in Analytical Biochemistry. 116 (2): 325-30, 1981) can be made from a wide variety of materials such as, for example, beef him, beef heart or testicles.
- Protein chemical changes It can also be advantageous according to the invention to chemically modify the CaMAP-activating calmodulin.
- the methods and processes required for this are known to the person skilled in the art as protein chemical processes.
- the modification of lysines Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (43): 28516-28523, 1998; Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 844 (2): 265-9, 1985
- the oxidation or Carbethoxylation of calmodulin Pharmacology. 26 (5): 249-57, 1983; Biochemistiy. 17 (19): 3924-8, 1978
- the most varied chemical changes on proteins are possible.
- Known chemical change techniques are described, for example, in Current Opinion in Biotechnology.
- suitable CaMAP substrates encompasses all substrates of the peptidyl-prolyl cis / trans isomerases. In particular, these are substances which have a peptidyl-prolyl peptide bond.
- Suitable CaMAP substrates in the sense of the invention are numerous literature references available to the person skilled in the art are described, for example: Clinical Chemistry. 44 (3): 502-8, 1998; Analytical biochemistry. 252 (2). -299-307, 1997; Biochemistry. 34 (41) :! 3594-602, 1995; Biochemistry. 30 (25): 6127-34, 1991; Biochemistry. 30 (25): 6127-34, 1991; Journal of Molecular Biology.
- CaMAP substrates "within the meaning of the invention are peptides having an Xaa- Pro-Yaa - moiety, wherein Xaa preferably of the amine acids Glu, Phe or Leu, such as Suc-Ala-Phe-Pro-Phe-NHNp or Suc Ala-Ala-Glu-Pro-Arg-NHNp.
- Suitable amounts of the specified components of the method according to the invention can be found, inter alia, in the exemplary embodiments and are in a range of 0.0 l ⁇ M for the CaMAP according to the invention or the CaMAP peptide fragment / derivative, calmodulin or calmodulin fragment / derivative and the CaMAP substrate to 10 ⁇ m in the reaction solution, a range from 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 M. is preferred. A value of 1 ⁇ m is particularly preferred.
- suitable reaction solution according to the invention is defined as a buffer system, which besides Water, buffer components can also contain further components, for example those specified below, and the identification of an effector of the calmodulin-dependent peptidyl-prolyl cis / trans isomerases is ensured.
- the components contained in the reaction solution after mixing together are preferably in dissolved form.
- the components must be added with thorough mixing.
- the mixing can already be achieved by suitable pipetting techniques which are familiar to the person skilled in the art.
- the mixing effect can be improved by mechanical action, for example by vortexing, swiveling or shaking.
- CaMAPs can be easily identified in the sense of the method according to the invention. According to the invention, either a constitutively active CaMAP can be used or. CaMAP can be activated by calmodulin or corresponding fragments or derivatives. Through this . Activation changes the catalytic center of the CaMAP so that. the catalysis of typical CaMAP substrates under optimal catalytic conditions is increased at least twice.
- This increase in CaMAP activity by at least 1.5 times, preferably at least 2 times, is also a characteristic of optimal catalytic conditions.
- a wide range of buffers can be used to achieve optimal catalytic conditions.
- a buffer with a pH in the range of 5-10, more preferably in the range of 6-8 and in particular in the range between 6.5-8.0 can be used.
- An example of a suitable buffer system is 20 mM HEPES buffer with a pH of 7.8.
- Other buffer solutions according to the invention include, inter alia, TRIS HC1, HEPES / NaOH or ammonium carbonate buffer in a final concentration of 5 mM to 200 mM.
- the reaction temperature of the process according to the invention can be selected, for example in the range from 0 ° C. to 30 ° C., preferably between 5 ° C. and 15 ° C., the temperature being particularly preferably 8 ° C.
- a higher temperature can lead to denaturation of proteins, while a lower temperature will lead to a decrease in the reaction rate.
- the reaction mixture can additionally contain protein-stabilizing agents, such as sucrose, sorbitol or ethylene glycol, preferably in an amount of 200 to 500 mM and in particular in an amount of 250 to 300 mM. It may also be advantageous to add proteinase inhibitors, for example the “PI Complete” mixture available from Roche R , to the reaction solution in the quantity range specified by the manufacturer.
- calmodulin according to the invention can be obtained by adding divalent ions such as Ca 2+
- the reaction mixture may be used added chemicals only mask the divalent ion required for activating the calmodulin to such an extent that the formation of an effective calmodulin is not prevented
- the exemplary embodiment 11 shows how the activation of a CaMAP is achieved by adding a mixture of calcium ions and calmodulin to the test mixture and how by chelation calcium ions can prevent this activation. Effectors of activated CaMAPs can significantly influence PPIase catalysis, " as shown in Example 5. There is a significant influence if the activation of the CaMAP is changed by at least 50%, the activation of calmodulin being able to be reversed when inhibitors are used, as shown in Example 5.
- Effectors of CaMAPs can influence the conformational change caused by calmodulin on the CaMAP (embodiment example 11) in such a way that the PPIase activity of the “activated CaMAP” is changed despite otherwise optimal reaction conditions CaMAP binding site to the active calmodulin, or act on the calmodulin binding site to the CaMAP .
- Inhibitors can also act on the binding sites for divalent metal ions, such as the binding sites for calcium ions, which may be necessary to activate effective calmodulin. However, inhibitors can also act directly on PPIase catalysis center work.
- the active ingredient cyclosporin A can significantly inhibit the CaMAP Cyp40 (Swiss-Prot nomenclature: CY7P4_HUMAN), as listed in Example 8.
- the active ingredient FK506 in turn can significantly inhibit the CaMAP FKB38 (Swiss-Prot nomenclature: FKB8_HUMAN), as listed in Example 5.
- Effectors of CaMAPs can be found using affinity assays known to those skilled in the art. Such affinity assays for detecting the binding of a ligand can have very different structures.
- Activity assays for the detection of effectors of activated CaMAPs Optimal methods for the detection of effect furnaces of the CaMAP activity can be recognized by the already known effectors Cyclosporin A and FK506. The activity of the CaMAP. by a sufficient. Amount of an effective calmodulin compared to a suitable CaMAP substrate activated using a suitable PPIase activity test so that a significant reduction in the CaMAP activity can be observed by adding a minimal amount of a known CaMAP inhibitor. In order to activate CaMAPs by effective calmodulin, it may be advantageous to incubate the CaMAP with this protein or protein fragment for up to 20 minutes at 20 ° C.
- the incubation times of the effector with activated CaMAP should be at least 1 second, preferably 300 seconds, but may or may be much longer in order to be able to observe an effect.
- Suitable CaMAP assays are all PPIase activity assays which allow a preincubation of effector and activated CaMAP and which allow the measurement of the effect by CaMAP effectors.
- Effects of CaMAP inhibitors are not limited to the PPIase activity of activated CaMAPs.
- cyclosporin A inhibits PPIases belonging to the family of cyclophilins and FK506 inhibits PPIases belonging to the group of FKBPs (European Journal of Biochemistry. 216 (3): 689-707, 1993; Annual Review of Immunology. 10: 519-60, 1992).
- Cyclosporin A and FK506 are currently used as hnmunpharmaka to prevent graft rejection in human medicine. Both drugs can cause considerable side effects (eg: Seminars in Nephrology. 17 (1): 34-45, 1997).
- a possible side effect of these therapeutic agents at the cell level is the influencing of programmed cell death, referred to by the person skilled in the art as apoptosis.
- Apoptosis is necessary for proper embryo genesis and metamorphosis, tissue homeostasis and the function of the immune system in Metazoe ⁇ .
- Sk ⁇ pische level of the cell apoptosis leads to loss of cell connections and microvilli, to chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, cytoplasmic contraction and tight packing of mitochondria and ribosomes.
- Membrane vesicles form in which the endoplasmic reticulum fuses with the cell plasma membrane and divides the cell into several membrane-bound vesicles, which are referred to as apoptotic bodies. The latter are generally taken up and broken down by neighboring cells. So far, a number of factors have been identified that activate apoptosis. Apoptosis can be induced by cytotoxic agents. However, natural, genetically propagated apoptosis appears to depend on the initiation of a signaling pathway through ligand binding to specific receptors on the cell surface. [RE Ellis et al. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 7 (1991) 663-698; S.
- Such means and therapies are important in all diseases that can be treated by targeted cell destruction. These include, in particular, door complications.
- the targeted therapeutic induction of apoptosis can, however, also be advantageous in order to influence the immunogenicity of cells, as is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 5,922,598.
- a method for screening and / or producing an effector of a CaMAP is likewise comprised of steps (a) mixing suitable amounts of a CaMAP or a CaMAP peptide fragment / derivative with a suitable amount of calmodulin or a calmodulin fragment / derivative a suitable reaction solution with and without a sample containing a single or a plurality of compounds that are candidates for an inhibitor or activator; (b) adding an appropriate amount of a suitable CaMAP substrate; (c) measuring CaMAP activity; and (d) demonstrating that the sample (i) has inhibitory activity when the CaMAP activity in the reaction solution with the sample is less than in the reaction solution without the sample; or (ii) has activating activity if the CaMAP activity in the reaction solution with the sample is greater than in the reaction solution without the sample.
- the method according to the invention includes the implementation descriptions for steps (a) to (d) of the method for determining whether an effector is an inhibitor or an activator, with a sample being examined instead of an effector.
- Sample is to be understood to mean all natural or artificial samples which contain candidates for inhibitors or activators of the given enzyme and which can be tested in the method according to the invention. This includes both homogeneous solutions of one molecule and mixtures of several molecules. Among molecules that can be screened in the method, the molecules of the aforementioned embodiments, which are identified as effectors, are included.
- the samples can be taken from natural sources or synthetically manufactured. For example, the samples can be taken from molecular libraries, such as exist for oligopeptides or natural products.
- samples can also be taken by digestion of biological material, for example living material or formerly living material, or culture supernatants from microorganism cultures.
- the samples can be in the form of a crude extract or supernatant or can be in a freely selectable cleaning form.
- the extracts or supernatants can be fractionated for cleaning. Numerous techniques are available to the person skilled in the art for this purpose, such as, for example, differential precipitation, gradient centrifugation, chromatography techniques, etc.
- the biological material comprises all of them Organism areas, where the material can either be cultivated or taken from nature.
- screening means the screening of a large number of samples which contain a single or a large number of compounds which are candidates for inhibitors or activators of the given enzyme with the aim of identifying inhibitors or activators of the CaMAP.
- screening means a method in which a large number of samples are examined for a specific property, of which it is generally not previously known how they react to the property to be tested.
- CaMAP effectors can be found in biological materials for a variety of reasons. In addition to gene-coded effectors that occur intrinsically in cells, effectors can also come into biological materials in which these effectors can be detected due to contamination with other biological materials, such as, for example, an infection by bacteria or through food intake, particularly in the case of disturbed intestinal absorption. However, effectors can also be used as a drug, either directly as an active ingredient or indirectly as a precursor active ingredient in biological materials. The quantification of these CaMAP effectors in biological materials can be useful in order to achieve an optimal therapy regimen through the determined bioavailability when these effectors are administered therapeutically.
- the invention relates to a method which comprises the aforementioned steps (a) to (d) and additionally the step:
- step (e) fractionating the sample for which inhibitory or activating activity was determined in step (d) and repeating steps (a) to (d) until the inhibitor or activator contained in the sample is present in purified form.
- the CaMAPs of the method according to the invention are selected from the group consisting of the human CaMAPs such as FKBP36, FKBP37.7, FKBP44, FKBP51, FKBP52 and Cyp40, and enzymes which are found in the "Swissprof database, e.g.
- the calmodulin or calmodulin fragment / derivative of the process according to the invention which is accessible to the person skilled in the art in the “Swissprof database in accordance with the designation listed below”, is selected from. the.
- CALM_ACHKL P15094
- CALMJ3LAEM Q9HFY6
- CALM_CANAL P23286
- CALM_C ⁇ PAN P93087)
- CALM_CHLRE P04352
- CALM_DICDI P02599
- CALM_DROME P07M933
- CALM_DROME P07M9251
- CALMJHELAN P93171
- CALM_HORVU P13565)
- CALMJHUMAN P02593
- CALM_KLULA O60041
- CALM_LYCES P27161)
- CALM_LY00M03MM04M0MM04M04M04M04M03M04M03M04M02M04M05 P48976
- CALM_MEDSA CALM_MEDSA
- the suitable reaction solution of the process according to the invention contains divalent ions, selected from the group consisting of Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Mn 2 "1" , Ca 2+ and / or Mg 2+ .
- the suitable reaction solution contains the divalent ions according to the invention in a concentration of 0.1 to 20 mM.
- a concentration of the divalent ions in a concentration of 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6 or 6.5 mM is particularly preferred.
- the divalent ions can be present individually or in any combination in the reaction solution.
- the addition of further ions such as Na + , K + , Li + in a concentration of 0.5 to 100 mM of the reaction solution is optional.
- the suitable reaction solution of the process according to the invention has a pH between pH 5 and pH 10.
- a pH of 6, 6.25, 6.5, 6.75, 7, 7.25, 7.5, 7.75, 8 or 8.25 is particularly preferred.
- the invention additionally relates to a method for Identification and / or production of an effector of a CaMAP consisting of the steps (a) mixing suitable amounts of a constitutively active CaMAP in a suitable reaction solution with and without the effector; (b) adding an appropriate amount of a suitable CaMAP substrate; (c) measuring CaMAP activity; and (d) demonstrating that the effector (i) is an inhibitor if the CaMAP activity in the reaction solution with the effector is less than in the reaction solution without the effector; or (ii) is an activator if the CaMAP activity is greater in the reaction solution with the effector than in the reaction solution without the effector.
- the term “constitutively active” includes, for example by using one or more of the methods listed above, changing a CaMAP so that it achieves the enzymatic activity of a CaMAP without the presence of calmodulin. According to the invention, these methods can increase the activity of a CaMAP under optimal conditions by at least 1.5 times, particularly preferably at least 2 times according to the invention. Strategies for obtaining a constitutively active enzyme are known to the person skilled in the art and have been described several times, for example in Journal of Biological Chemistry 272 (6) : 3223-3230, 1997; Journal of Neurobiology. 52 (l): 24-42, 2002 and FEBS Letters. 503 (2-3): 185-188, 2001.
- the use of a constitutively activated CaMAP is special for the method according to the invention Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a method in which the sequence of steps (a) and (b) is interchanged.
- the method according to the invention further enables the detection of the effector by spectroscopic or radioactive methods.
- Spectroscopic methods in the sense of the invention are familiar to the person skilled in the art and include, inter alia, CD spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy.
- mass-spectrometric methods such as MS-MALDI, ligand binding methods such as Biacore or structural methods such as NMR Techniques are used.
- Radioactive methods for detecting the effector are familiar to the person skilled in the art and are listed in Examples 6, 7 and 10.
- the method according to the invention is preferably a high-throughput method.
- n is an integer from 1 to 20;
- R 12 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical or an aryl radical,
- R 1 is selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or the groups NR 2 , NOR 2 and N-NR 2 R 3 , where a) R 2 and R 3 independently of one another are a hydrogen atom, aryl or alkyl, which may be replaced by O, S , NH, NR 5 , aryl, heteroaryl, cycloallcyl, heterocycloalkyl may be interrupted or optionally substituted by R 6 , or b) R 2 and R 3 together are C 1 -C 6 -alkylene, which may be substituted by O, S, NH , NR 5 , aryl, heteroaryl, cycloallcyl, or heterocycloalkyl may be interrupted or may optionally be substituted by R 6 , where R 5 represents an alkyl radical or an aryl radical, R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl, aryl, OR 5 , C (O ) OR 5 , CN, F or Cl, where R 5 is as
- R 9 represents an aryl radical which can optionally be interrupted by O, S, NH or NR 5 or can optionally be substituted by R 6 as defined above,
- R 10 is a radical -NHR 2 , -NR 2 R 3 , -C (O) OR 2 , -C (S) OR 2 , -C (O) NR 2 R 3 , -CN, -NR : 2 C (O ) NR 2 R 3 ,
- R 11 represents an amino acid residue or oligopeptide residue
- R, 14 is an alkyl group or aryl group.
- Alternative compounds according to the invention of general formula 1 differ from the above compounds in that they form a hydrogen atom in position R 1 and an ether between the adjacent carbon atom to R 15 in the following manner (formula 2), where R 15 is selected from alkyhest , Aryl radical or hydrogen atom:
- Preferred embodiments of the inventive compound of the aforementioned Formula (1) are compounds for which:
- Preferred compounds according to the present invention are the following compounds 1 to 39 according to formula 1:
- alkyl denotes a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical, in particular C 1 -C 8 -alkyl or by alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halogen, particularly preferably F, CN, NO 2 , S, O, C (O) substituted alkyl.
- cycloalkyl means in particular C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkyl or bi- and tricyclic systems which are alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halogen, in particular F, CN, NO 2 , S, O , C (O) may be substituted.
- Aryl means in particular phenyl or by alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halogen, in particular F, CN, N0 2 , C (O) substituted aryl and heteroaryl in particular six-membered aromatics which contain nitrogen or five-membered aromatics which contain nitrogen, oxygen or Release sulfur.
- Oligopeptide residues mean residues from 2-5 condensed amino acids.
- Halogen means F, Cl, Br and or I.
- the compounds according to the invention are prepared, for example, by a) cycloheximide and suitable derivatives in a suitable solvent, such as, for example, anhydrous dimethylformamide, at room temperature with haloalkyl compounds and a suitable base, such as K 2 CO 3, to give the corresponding N -Alkyl- or N, O-bisalkyl compounds are implemented.
- a suitable solvent such as, for example, anhydrous dimethylformamide
- cycloheximide and suitable derivatives in a suitable solvent such as, for example, anhydrous dimethylformamide
- a suitable solvent such as, for example, anhydrous dimethylformamide
- carrier materials customary resins for solid phase reactions
- a suitable base such as K 2 CO 3
- crown ethers such as, for example, 18-crown-6-ether
- cycloheximide derivatives in a suitable solvent such as a mixture of Pvri ⁇ _in / H 2 O (2: 1), are reacted at room temperature with hydroxylamine hydrochlorides to give the corresponding oximes.
- a suitable solvent such as anhydrous methanol
- hydrazines at room temperature to give the corresponding hydrazones.
- cycloheximide derivatives in a suitable solvent, such as anhydrous methanol are reacted with primary amines at room temperature to give the corresponding azomethines.
- cycloheximide derivatives are reacted in a suitable solvent, such as methylene chloride, at room temperature with isocyanates and a suitable catalyst, such as HO, to give the corresponding urethanes.
- the invention relates to a method which comprises the aforementioned steps (a) to (e) and additionally the step:
- the effector identified and / or produced according to the invention is optionally formulated in combination with a “pharmacologically acceptable carrier” and / or solvent.
- pharmacologically acceptable carriers include buffered saline solutions, water, emulsions such as eg oil / water emulsions, various types of detergents, sterile solutions, etc.
- the present invention also includes the use of the invention identified and / or manufactured effector for the manufacture of a medicinal agent for the treatment of tumor diseases.
- Tumor diseases which are treated with the medicament according to the invention include breast carcinomas, ovarian carcinomas, bronchial carcinomas, colon carcinomas, melanomas, bladder carcinomas, gastric carcinomas, head and neck tumors, brain tumors, cervical tumors, prostate carcinomas, kidney cancer, malignant cancer, scrotum carcinomas, scrotum carcinomas, lumbar cancer, scrotum carcinomas Lymphomas, Hodgki ⁇ lymphomas and thyroid lymphomas.
- Medicaments within the meaning of the invention can be prepared using known conventional; Methods are formulated. These drugs can be administered to an individual in an appropriate dose. Administration can be oral or parenteral, for example. intravenously, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, locally, intranasally, intrabronchially or intradermally, or via a catheter at one location in an artery.
- Administration can be oral or parenteral, for example. intravenously, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, locally, intranasally, intrabronchially or intradermally, or via a catheter at one location in an artery.
- the treating doctor determines the type of dosage according to the clinical factors. It is then known to the person skilled in the art that the type of dosage depends on various factors, such as, for example, the body size or weight, the body surface, the age, gender or general health of the patient, but also on the agent to be administered specifically , the duration and nature of.
- a typical dose can be, for example, in the range eixiem intermediate 0.01 and '10000 ug lie, wherein, doses below or above this exemplary type region, especially considering the factual factors mentioned above, are conceivable, generally the dose should be in a range between 10 ng and 10 mg units per day or per application interval with regular administration of the pharmaceutical formulation according to the invention. If the composition should be administered intravenously the dose is in a range between 1 ng and 0.1 mg units per kilogram of body weight per minute.
- the composition of the invention can be administered locally or systemically. Preparations for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions and emulsions.
- non-aqueous solvents examples include propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils such as olive oil, uncL organic ester compounds such as ethyl oleate, which are suitable for injections.
- Watery carriers include water, alcoholic aqueous solutions, emulsions, suspensions, saline solutions and buffered media.
- Parenteral carriers include sodium chloride solutions, Ringer's dextrose, dextrose and sodium chloride, Ringer's lactate, and bound oils.
- Intravenous carriers include, for example, liquid, nutrient and electrolyte supplements (such as those based on Ringer's dextrose).
- the pharmaceutical composition of the invention may also include preservatives and other additives such as antimicrobial compounds, antioxidants, complexing agents and inert gases.
- preservatives and other additives such as antimicrobial compounds, antioxidants, complexing agents and inert gases.
- compounds such as eg uterleutane, growth factors, differentiation factors, hferferons, chemotactic proteins or an unspecific immunomodulatory agent can be included.
- CaMAP effectors identified ie substances which are suitable for aldivating, inhibiting or stabilizing CaMAPs and whose specific effect on the CaMAP activity present in biological objects, after application, lead to a predominantly therapeutic influence on pathobiochemical processes in these biological objects suitable as therapeutic agents for such processes.
- therapeutically usable CaMAP effectors are gene-coded, it can be advantageous to introduce the sequence information necessary for synthesis in the organism to be treated into this organism itself, using gene therapy methods known to the person skilled in the art.
- it can also be useful to produce the active substance (CaMAP effector) useful for therapy as a substance precursor, from which the active substance (active substance) only forms at the actual site of action or on the way to the site of action.
- the reasons for this procedure can be varied in nature.
- the administration of the active ingredient as a substance precursor can increase the stability and thus the bioavailability of the active ingredient.
- Certain modifications of the substance can, however, also be suitable for changing the solubility properties in the desired manner, or else make it possible to make biological barriers, which can prevent penetration of the active substance to the site of action, consistent for the modified substance or its precursor.
- the effector identified by the method according to the invention is further modified to include a modified organ specificity, an improved activity, an increased toxicity for tumor cells (an improved therapeutic index), reduced side effects, a temporal offset onset of therapeutic effectiveness or length of therapeutic effectiveness, changed pharmacokinetic parameters (absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion), modified physicochemical parameters (solubility, hygroscopic properties, color, taste, smell, stability, condition), improved general specificity, organ - / Tissue specificity, and / or an optimized administration form and route, which by the esterification of carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups with carboxylic acids, hydroxyl groups, for example phosphates, pyrophosphates, sulfates, "hemisuccinates" or the formation of pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutically acceptable complexes or the synthesis of pharmacologically active polymers or the introduction of hydrophilic groups, the introduction or exchange of substituents
- the invention includes the use of the present invention identified and / or prepared for effector r manufacture of a medicament for preventing or Vermmderuhg transplant rejection.
- the use of the effector identified and / or produced according to the invention comprises the production of a medicament for influencing neurodegenerative diseases / diseases, such as, for example, Alpers, Alzheimer's, Batten's disease, Cockayne syndrome, corticobasal ganglion degeneration, Huntington's disease, idiopathic Parkinsonism, Lewy Bodie Disease, Motor Neuron Disease, Multiple Systemic Atrophy, Multiple Sclerosis, Olivopontocerebelle Atrophy, Parkinson, Postpoliomyelitic Syndrome, Prion Release, Progressive Supranuclear Paralysis, Rett Syndrome, Shy-Drager Syndrome and Tuberose Sclerosis.
- neurodegenerative diseases / diseases such as, for example, Alpers, Alzheimer's, Batten's disease, Cockayne syndrome, corticobasal ganglion degeneration, Huntington's disease, idiopathic
- the present invention relates to a kit comprising the CaMAP according to the invention or a CaMAP peptide fragment / derivative which calmodulin according to the invention or a calmodulin fragment / derivative one or more buffer solutions and or one or more substrates.
- instructions for performing one or more of the methods described above contain the detailed descriptions contained in the present description of the invention, which allow the user to use the method (s) according to the invention.
- the instructions can contain information from the state of the art which makes it easier for the user to carry out certain techniques.
- FIG. 1 Fig.la shows the isomer-specific pNitroanilide release at 390 ⁇ m in the presence (a) and absence (b) of 2 ⁇ M calmodulin and without FKBP38 (c).
- the reaction curves b and c are almost identical and correspond to the uncatalyzed spontaneous cis / trans isomerization.
- Fig. Lb 94- / shows the dependence of the CaMAP activity on the Ca calmodulin concentration.
- the experimental procedure is described in embodiment 1. At concentrations> 5 mM of calcium chloride, precipitation of the sample was observed.
- FIG. 2 shows an overview image of the chromatographically purified GaMAP FKBP38 prepared according to Example 10, obtained by means of SDS-PAGE and phosphoimager.
- FIG. 3 shows the structural change (CD spectra) according to exemplary embodiment 11, which was verified by CD spectroscopy.
- the solid line in FIG. 3a corresponds to the total spectral change of solution A (5 mM CaCl 2 , 10 ⁇ M FKBP38 in CD buffer) and B (20 ⁇ M calmodulin (bovine brain, Sigma) in CD buffer) in the different halves of the chamber.
- a solution of 10 mM HEPES buffer and 5 mM calcium chloride at a pH of 7.5 was used as the CD buffer.
- the dotted line in Fig. 3a shows a typical spectrum which occurs after mixing both solutions.
- the following exemplary embodiment shows the typical dose-dependent activation of the PPIase activity of a CaMAP by calmodulin.
- the human CaMAP FKBP38 (synonyms: FKBP8_humän; Swiss-Prot-Nr.:Q14318) was produced according to molecular biological methods, as described in exemplary embodiment 9, and in aliquotes of 100 * ⁇ l at a concentration of 0.83 mg / ml protein at -80 ° C stored. Immediately ⁇ before the activity measurement, such an aliquot was thawed and then stored at 4 ° C.
- Solution A 55 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.8; lmM DTT, 0.5% glycerol
- Solution B 20 mg of the peptide substrate dissolved in 1 ml DMSO solution
- C 20 mg chymotrypsin dissolved in 200 ⁇ l solution
- Solution D FKBP38 (100 ⁇ M, diluted in solution A)
- Solution E Calmodulin (300 ⁇ M, diluted in solution A)
- solution F Calcium chloride (1 M in solution A)
- a computer-assisted diode array spectrometer (Hewlett Packard) with a cuvette temperature control at 4 ° C. is used for the kinetic determination of the CaMAP activity.
- a typical measurement approach contained 1 ⁇ l solution B; 1 ⁇ M FKBP38, 2 ⁇ M calmodulin and 0 to 10 mM calcium chloride. The total volume was adjusted to 1200 ⁇ l with solution A. After preincubation for 5 minutes to form the activated CaMAP, the activity measurement was started by adding 3 ⁇ l of solution C. Fig.
- La shows the isomer-specific pNitroanilide release at 390 nm in the presence (a) and absence (b) of 2 ⁇ M calmodulin, as well as without FKBP38 (c).
- the reaction curves b and c are almost identical and correspond to the uncatalyzed spontaneous cis / trans isomerization.
- Fig. Lb shows the dependence of the CaMAP activity on the Ca 2+ / calmodulin concentration. At concentrations> 5 mM of calcium chloride, precipitation of the sample was observed.
- Embodiment 2 Screening using a fluorescence assay
- excitation of the fluorescence with a UV lamp with an excitation spectral range between 250 and 330 nm in each single reaction chamber register the increase in visible light at 420 nm.
- the visual comparison of the registration curves obtained can be used to find an effector.
- Exemplary embodiment 3 Screening by means of isomer-specific hydrolysis
- 20 ⁇ l substrate solution, 1 ⁇ l effector solution and 20 ⁇ l enzyme solution are pipetted into a commercially available titer plate with 96 reaction chambers.
- a commercially available titer plate with 96 reaction chambers To reduce pipetting errors, it is advantageous to produce such a mixture from the appropriate amounts of enzyme and substrate solution that the same concentrations are achieved in pipetting 40 ⁇ l of this mixture per chamber as in pipetting the individual volumes.
- the plate is then stored at 4 ° C for 20 minutes so that each of the reaction chambers has a temperature of 4 ° C after 20 minutes.
- the actual reaction is started by adding 80 ⁇ l of starting solution.
- Embodiment 4 Search for CaMAPs in databases
- sw CYP4_BOVIN
- sw FKB4JHUMAN
- sw FKB5_ OUSE
- sw FKB4_MOUSE
- sw FKB4_RABIT
- sw CYP4__HUMAN
- sw FKB7_WHEAT
- r Q9XT11
- r Q9C65 .
- Solution H DMSO
- Solution 1 15 mM solution on FK506 (Fujisawa GmbH) in DMSO.
- two cuvettes with 1 ⁇ l of solution B (substrate); 0.5 ⁇ M FKBP38, 0.5 ⁇ M calmodulin and 5 mM calcium chloride.
- 1 ⁇ l of solution H are then added to cuvette 5a and 1 ⁇ l of solution l for comparison to cuvette 5b. After mixing the solutions, the cuvettes are kept at 6 ° C for 20 minutes.
- the PPIase activity determination is then started as indicated in Example 1 by pipetting in solution C (chymotrypsin).
- solution C chymotrypsin
- the computational evaluation of the isomerization rate of the batch in cuvette 5a gives a value of 0.0071 s "1 and the batch in cuvette 5b a value of 0.0105 s " 1 .
- the value of 0.0071 corresponds to the uncatalyzed reaction in Fig. Ib.
- the value of 0.0105 corresponds to the catalyzed reaction in Fig. La.
- the progression curve ld corresponds to the uncatalyzed reaction. It follows that the PPIase activity of the CaMAP FKBP38 can be inhibited by the FKBP integrator FK506. Plotting the inhibitor concentration against the determined enzyme activity gives an IC50 value of about 4.3 ⁇ M.
- Embodiment 6 Search for effectors using an affinity assay
- This screening approach enables the search for effectors which disrupt the interaction between effective calmodulin and activatable CaMAP.
- This assay is carried out as a radioactive assay.
- the following preparations must be made: a) Production of the radioactively labeled calmodulin: Using human SrC tyrosine kinase (Sigma: order number 5439), calmodulin (recombinant human calmodulin, produced according to embodiment 2) is specifically phosphorylated.
- 10 ⁇ l tyrosine kinase, 50 ⁇ l calmodulin (1.2 mg / ml), 10 ⁇ l 32 P g am m a ATP (Amersham, freshly delivered) are incubated in a total volume of 80 ⁇ l for 3 hours at 30 ° C., the Gesa
- the mixture also contains 2 mM calcium chloride, 50 mM Tris buffer, 1 mM DTT, 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 1% glycerol and 0.01% Tween.
- the mixture is then taken up in 500 ⁇ l of a solution of 30% ammonium sulfate and 50 mM Tris buffer pH 7.5 and onto a chromatography column (Pierce, mini columns) which is filled with 2 ml of phenylsepharose (Sigma) and equilibrated with the application buffer given. After application, the column is washed with about 50 column volumes. Thereafter, the radioactively labeled calmodulin is detached from the column by gradually adding a solution consisting of 50 mM Tris buffer / 30% glycerol at a pH of 7.5 in aliquots of 100 ⁇ l and collected separately in vessels.
- the fractions containing calmodulin can be detected by their ⁇ -radiation by means of scintillation measurement and combined into a common fraction, usually about 500 ⁇ l.
- a calmodulin / FKBP38 solution is produced which has a concentration of 5 ⁇ M calmodulin and 2.5 ⁇ M FKBP38.
- Preparation of the antibody-labeled titer plates A solution of IgG-purified antibodies (obtained by immunizing rabbits against HPLC-purified FKBP38) is in 12 dilution steps (1 + 9; 1 + 99.1 + 999) in steps of 10 with 20 mM Tris -Buffer pH 7.5 diluted. 50 ⁇ l of the dilution is pipetted into the 12 columns of a 96-well titer plate, so that the first dilution is in the first column and the solution with the 12th dilution is in the 12th column. The plate is covered with foil and incubated at 4 ° C for 12 hours.
- the unbound portion of the antibody is then removed by careful washing 5 times with washing solution (50 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.5; 0: 1% Tween) and the titer plate is finally provided with 50 ⁇ l washing solution.
- washing solution 50 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.5; 0: 1% Tween
- the calmodulin / FKBP38 solution obtained under a is now also diluted 8 times in 10-fold dilution steps with working buffer (10 ⁇ M calcium chloride 50 mM Tris buffer, 1 mM DTT, 100 mM NaCl, 1% glycerol and 0.01% Tween). Then 1 ⁇ l of these dilutions are pipetted into the titer plate in such a way that row 1 contains the 1 + 9, row two the 1 + 99 etc. dilutions.
- the plate After incubation of the titer plate for 1 hour at 4 ° C., the plate is washed again 5 times with washing solution and then sensitive to a 32 P for 1 hour Screen (Amersham) placed and measured using phosphoimager (FUJI diagnostics) and associated software evaluated.
- Optimal concentrations of CaMAP and antibody for carrying out the assay are to be assigned to the wells of the titer plate which have a high radioactivity. The sensitivity of the assay is greatest near the transition from high to low radioactivity.
- Embodiment 7 onipetition assay with radiolabelled ligands
- Radiolabeled ligands such as these are available as tritium-labeled FK506 (Transplantation. 63 (2). -293-298, 1997; Fujisawa GmbH) or tritium-labeled cyclosporin A (Amersham).
- the streptavidin-coated microtiter plates eg: Roche Diagnostics; Cat.No: 1734776) and biotin-labeled Calmodulin (Calbiochem; Cat.No: 208697) are commercially available, as well as a commercially available microtiter plate reader (Dynatech, MR7000) with an automatic dispensing unit and washer.
- the coated titer plates are mixed with calmodulin (0.5 ⁇ M solution, 30 ⁇ l per cavity) for 30 min at room temperature.
- the plate After rinsing 5 times with washing solution (see exemplary embodiment 6), the plate is ready and can be stored at 4 ° C. for at least 8 hours.
- 0.5 ⁇ M solution of FKBP38 50 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.5; 5 mM CaCl 2 ; 1 mM DTT; 0.5 mM glycerol
- 30 ⁇ l per well are added for 30 minutes at room temperature , Then the plate is gently washed again 5 times.
- the CaMAP used can be inhibited by cyclosporin A
- the tritium-labeled cyclosporin A is subsequently used as the radioactive ligand
- FK506 like FKBP38 FK506 labeled with tritium is used as the radioactive ligand.
- a concentration of 50 ⁇ M 0.5 ⁇ l of active ingredient (mg / ml in DMSO) and 30 ⁇ l of buffer solution (50 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.5; 5 mM CaCl 2 ; 1 mM DTT; 0.5 mM glycerol), which are radioactive at a concentration of 50 ⁇ M, are used for each cavity contains labeled ligand, incubated for 60 minutes at room temperature. Subsequently, 20 ⁇ l are taken from each cavity, 1 ml of scintillation solution (Roth) is added, and a Quickzint Flow Counter is used. (Zinsser Analytic). Potential ligands are recognized by an increased radioactivity signal.
- buffer solution 50 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.5; 5 mM CaCl 2 ; 1 mM DTT; 0.5 mM glycerol
- Cyp40 is mole ulärbiö strig according to the Acta Crystallographica Section D- Biological Crystallography. 55 (Part 5): 1079-1082, 1999. It. is carried out analogously to embodiment 3. 1 ⁇ M Cyp4 ⁇ as well as 5 ⁇ M calmodulin and 5 mM CaC12 are used as the enzyme solution. dissolved in 50 mM HEPES buffer pH 7.5 used. As an effector solution, 1 mg cyclosporin A (Sigma C3662) is dissolved in 50% ethanol. 50% ethanol solution serves as the control solution.
- Embodiment 9 Molecular biological production of the CaMAP FKBP38
- IRALp962N1726Q2 RZPD-Ressourcentechnik GmbH, Berlin
- the primers were used 38BspHI5 and h383-ma carried out a PCR approach at an annealing temperature of 50 ° C. with 1.5 mM MgCl and 1 ⁇ l enhancer with Pfx polymerase, the glycine in position 2 being exchanged for an arginine.
- the PCR product was purified and cloned into the pSTBlue-1 vector using blunt end ligation.
- the product of the ligation was transformed into E. Coli DH5 cells.
- Positively selected transformants were transferred to an agar plate with kanamycin and their cell material was used as a template for a colony PCR.
- the PCR products of the positively selected clones were isolated and digested analytically with the restriction endonucleases Ncol and Sacl.
- the hFKBP381-336 sequence was then cloned into pET28a.
- the resulting construct was transformed into Rosetta cells.
- Embodiment 10 Radioactive notification of the CaMAP FKBP38
- Embodiment 11 Spectroscopically detectable structural change
- CD buffer stands for a solution of 10 mM HEPES buffer and 5 mM calcium chloride at a pH of 7.5.
- the solid line corresponds to the total spectral change of solutions A and B in different chamber halves.
- the dotted line shows a typical spectrum that occurs after mixing both solutions. After adding 1 M EGTA to the mixture, the spectrum is obtained, which is typical for the non-interacting proteins calmodulin and FKBP38 (solid line).
- FIG. 3b The conditions leading to FIG. 3b correspond to those of FIG. 3a: the dotted line shows the typical spectrum after mixing both solutions.
- the solid line spectrum was obtained after increasing the calcium chloride concentration to 10 mM. This spectrum is typical for the precipitation of proteins.
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Abstract
Description
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004003362A DE102004003362A1 (de) | 2004-01-22 | 2004-01-22 | Verfahren zur Identifizierung und Herstellung von Effektoren Calmodulin-abhängiger Peptidyl-Prolyl cis/trans Isomerasen |
| PCT/EP2005/000656 WO2005071103A1 (de) | 2004-01-22 | 2005-01-24 | Verfahren zur identifizierung und herstellung von effektoren calmodulin-abhängiger peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerasen |
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| EP1706504A1 true EP1706504A1 (de) | 2006-10-04 |
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| EP05706982A Withdrawn EP1706504A1 (de) | 2004-01-22 | 2005-01-24 | Verfahren zur identifizierung und herstellung von effektoren calmodulin-abh ngiger peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerasen |
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| US (1) | US20070244165A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1706504A1 (de) |
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| WO (1) | WO2005071103A1 (de) |
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| US20100311661A1 (en) * | 2007-08-24 | 2010-12-09 | Max Planck Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Wissenschaften E.V. | Use of compounds derived from cycloheximide for the treatment or prevention of, in particular, ischaemias and cardiopathies |
| US9052304B2 (en) | 2009-03-13 | 2015-06-09 | Terrasep, Llc | Methods and apparatus for centrifugal liquid chromatography |
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| MX9603838A (es) * | 1994-03-10 | 1997-03-29 | Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co | Metodo para ensayar inmunosupresores. |
| AU1157900A (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2000-05-22 | Hans-Knoll-Institut Fur Naturstoff-Forschung E.V. | Cycloheximide derivatives which influence the regeneration of neural tissue |
| DE10023743A1 (de) * | 2000-05-15 | 2001-11-29 | Max Planck Gesellschaft | Peptidsubstrate zur direkten Messung enzymatischer Aktivitäten |
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2004
- 2004-01-22 DE DE102004003362A patent/DE102004003362A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2005
- 2005-01-24 WO PCT/EP2005/000656 patent/WO2005071103A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2005-01-24 US US10/587,326 patent/US20070244165A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-01-24 EP EP05706982A patent/EP1706504A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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| WO2005071103A1 (de) | 2005-08-04 |
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