EP1704362A1 - Installation de stockage d'hydrogene pour l'alimentation de pile a combustible et vehicule l'incorporant - Google Patents

Installation de stockage d'hydrogene pour l'alimentation de pile a combustible et vehicule l'incorporant

Info

Publication number
EP1704362A1
EP1704362A1 EP04816592A EP04816592A EP1704362A1 EP 1704362 A1 EP1704362 A1 EP 1704362A1 EP 04816592 A EP04816592 A EP 04816592A EP 04816592 A EP04816592 A EP 04816592A EP 1704362 A1 EP1704362 A1 EP 1704362A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
hydrogen
screen
installation according
heat exchange
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04816592A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Laurent Allidieres
Alain Ravex
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP1704362A1 publication Critical patent/EP1704362A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • F17C3/06—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers on the inner surface, i.e. in contact with the stored fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0621—Single wall with three layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/23—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations
    • F17C2209/232—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations of walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/043—Localisation of the filling point in the gas
    • F17C2225/045—Localisation of the filling point in the gas with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F17C2225/047—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0178—Cars
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to hydrogen storage installations, in particular for fuel cell supply, more particularly for automotive applications.
  • hydrogen used to power internal combustion engines and / or fuel cells serving or participating in propulsion or the development of on-board electric power, can be stored in gaseous form or in the form liquid.
  • Storage in gaseous form imposes very high pressures resulting in a heavier and an imposed conformation of the tanks.
  • Storage in liquid form allows storage under low pressure, close to atmospheric pressure, but requires perfect insulation to maintain the liquid in the tank at a temperature close to 20K.
  • recourse has therefore been made to equally sophisticated tanks, with imposed conformation, with vacuum inter-walls, which greatly impedes manufacturing costs.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a storage installation at reduced costs, allowing the use of a light tank having an insulation of lower performance, and therefore simple to implement and economical to manufacture, but nevertheless guaranteeing a keeping cold suitable for pressure close to atmospheric pressure, to take advantage of a liquid cryogenic fluid.
  • the installation comprises: a liquid hydrogen tank comprising an insulating envelope of cellular material incorporating at least a first metallic screen; a liquid hydrogen extraction pipe; a gaseous hydrogen evacuation circuit, connected to the hydrogen inlet of a fuel cell and having at least one portion in heat exchange relation with the first screen; and a refrigerating machine electric connected to the fuel cell and having at least one cold part in heat exchange relation at least with the first screen.
  • the reservoir comprises at least a second heat shield also in heat exchange relation with a portion of the evacuation circuit of gaseous hydrogen;
  • At least one of the heat shields is composed of a sandwich assembly of at least two metal plates advantageously comprising deformed areas in gutter constituting at least a portion of the portions of the evacuation circuit of gaseous hydrogen in heat exchange relationship with the corresponding heat shield.
  • the present invention also relates to a vehicle comprising a hydrogen storage installation of the above type, the fuel cell advantageously participating in the propulsion of said vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view, in section vertical for the tank, of an installation according to the invention
  • - Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view in partial section of an embodiment of a heat shield according to the invention.
  • the installation shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 comprises a reservoir, generally designated by the reference 1, of any shape, the thick wall of which is formed by a shaped mass of multi-layer thermoplastic foam, in the form of a shell with shape resistance, generally designated by the reference 2, in which are embedded at least one, advantageously at least two heat shields 3 outside and 4 inside.
  • the foam material is advantageously a closed cell polyurethane foam.
  • the material of the screens is advantageously a conductive metal alloy based on copper or aluminum.
  • the interior screen 4 can be arranged to serve as a pressure-resistant envelope.
  • the internal insulation layer of the insulation mass 2 is in direct contact with liquid hydrogen in the internal cavity 5 of the tank 1, which can avoid the installation of an internal metal casing such as 6.
  • the tank 1 is conventionally provided with a pipe 7 of extraction of liquid hydrogen, fitted with a valve, passing through the foam thickness.
  • the reservoir 1 also comprises a circuit 8 for evacuating the gaseous hydrogen located above the mass of liquid hydrogen, therefore having an internal end 9 opening into the upper part of the tank and an outer end 10 connected to the hydrogen inlet of a fuel cell 11 supplying, at the outlet of bomes 12, electrical energy.
  • the circuit 8 advantageously includes a pressure relief valve for venting the hydrogen gas when the pressure in the cavity 5 reaches a determined maximum value, typically around 3.5 bars.
  • the circuit 8 comprises an interior portion 13 running along the interior screen 4, in heat exchange relationship with the latter, as well as a downstream portion 14 running along the exterior screen 3 and in exchange relationship thermal with the latter.
  • a refrigerating machine 15 for example of the well-tube, Stirling or Brighton type, supplied with the electrical energy available at the output terminals 12 of the cell 11, is associated with the tank 1 (advantageously mounted on the latter), with its cold end 16 penetrating into the foam envelope of the reservoir 1, to come into heat exchange relation with at least the external screen 3.
  • the thermal screens 3 and 4 are continuously cooled by the flow of hydrogen gas evacuated by the circuit 8, and in addition, at least temporarily, by the refrigerating machine 15 exploiting the electrical energy "offered” by the hydrogen gas evaporating in the tank 1 and supplying the fuel cell 11.
  • the installation according to the invention therefore makes it possible to easily produce a tank 1 of free form (not being subjected to pressure), therefore capable of being integrated as well as possible into the es available vehicle spaces, low manufacturing costs (for example by simply spraying foam instead of the meticulous application of numerous multi-layers according to known techniques) and avoiding the conventional, long and expensive operations, of placing under vacuum and of checking the maintenance under vacuum.
  • the heat shields 3 and 4 are typically produced by assembling thin aluminum and / or copper plates. According to one aspect of the invention, as shown in FIG.
  • the thermal screen in this case the screen 3 consists of an assembly of three metal plates 31, 32 and 33, at least one of the external plates 31 and / or 33 being embossed to present longitudinal deformations in the gutter 34, 35 delimiting, with the intermediate plate 32 or with the other external plate 33 in the case where the intermediate plate 32 has longitudinal recesses 36, channels 14A, 14B constituting at least in part the portion 14 of circuit 8 for evacuating hydrogen gas.
  • This arrangement avoids the problems of joining between separate pipes and the heat shields, greatly promotes the heat exchange relationships between the circulating gas and the screen, and stiffens the latter.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
EP04816592A 2004-01-12 2004-12-22 Installation de stockage d'hydrogene pour l'alimentation de pile a combustible et vehicule l'incorporant Withdrawn EP1704362A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0450069A FR2865016B1 (fr) 2004-01-12 2004-01-12 Installation de stockage d'hydrogene pour l'alimentation de pile a combustible, notamment pour vehicule automobile, et vehicule incorporant une telle installation
PCT/FR2004/050745 WO2005075881A1 (fr) 2004-01-12 2004-12-22 Installation de stockage d'hydrogene pour l'alimentation de pile a combustible et vehicule l'incorporant

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1704362A1 true EP1704362A1 (fr) 2006-09-27

Family

ID=34685059

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04816592A Withdrawn EP1704362A1 (fr) 2004-01-12 2004-12-22 Installation de stockage d'hydrogene pour l'alimentation de pile a combustible et vehicule l'incorporant

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20090241557A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1704362A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2007521452A (zh)
KR (1) KR20060127037A (zh)
CN (1) CN1902430A (zh)
CA (1) CA2551937A1 (zh)
FR (1) FR2865016B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2005075881A1 (zh)

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KR100955654B1 (ko) 2008-01-03 2010-05-06 한국생산기술연구원 수소저장합금을 이용한 수소저장장치
CN102201586B (zh) * 2011-04-22 2013-12-25 爱科腾博（大连）科技有限公司 燃料电池系统
FR2977239B1 (fr) 2011-07-01 2015-10-23 Air Liquide Reservoir de fluide cryogenique et son utilisation
US9010130B2 (en) * 2011-12-16 2015-04-21 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Variable surface area heat exchanger
CN103234112A (zh) * 2013-04-26 2013-08-07 北京航空航天大学 一种移动式低温液化燃气存储系统
KR101583419B1 (ko) * 2014-05-30 2016-01-07 대우조선해양 주식회사 수소저장용기 및 그 제조방법
CN110014823A (zh) * 2019-03-29 2019-07-16 武汉格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 一种氢能源汽车专用的集成式可更换的储氢罐
CN109931495B (zh) * 2019-04-09 2023-08-18 江苏国富氢能技术装备股份有限公司 车用液态储氢绝热气瓶
CN110094629B (zh) * 2019-05-17 2023-12-19 中国科学院理化技术研究所 一种液化可燃气体零排放装置及方法
CN110081303B (zh) * 2019-05-17 2024-04-19 中国科学院理化技术研究所 一种液化气体存储装置
CN110108089B (zh) * 2019-05-17 2024-04-05 中国科学院理化技术研究所 一种低温液化可燃气体存储装置及方法
CN113090933B (zh) * 2020-01-08 2022-12-09 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 一种加氢站的控制方法
CN112977053B (zh) * 2020-09-22 2021-12-10 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 车辆
CN114383035B (zh) * 2021-11-22 2023-09-26 江阴市富仁高科股份有限公司 一种超低温液化气体压力容器及绝热方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2007521452A (ja) 2007-08-02
FR2865016A1 (fr) 2005-07-15
CN1902430A (zh) 2007-01-24
WO2005075881A1 (fr) 2005-08-18
FR2865016B1 (fr) 2009-04-10
US20090241557A1 (en) 2009-10-01
KR20060127037A (ko) 2006-12-11
CA2551937A1 (fr) 2005-08-18

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