EP1693546A1 - Window or door with adhered glazing - Google Patents

Abstract

The window or door element has a framework (2) which has a reinforcing element (41) extending in the longitudinal direction of the hollow section (20). The framework has an area which is arranged near the external wall (21) at the boundary wall (22) and is connected positively with the hollow section. The normal vector (49) of the glazing glass (3) cuts the reinforcing element.

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to a window or door element, in particular with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

State of the art

In recent years, windows have increasingly prevailed with plastic sash. The core of such a sash is a plastic hollow profile, which often has a series of hollow chambers, which are separated by longitudinal webs. The hollow profile usually has a recess, which is commonly referred to as Glasfalz and is used for insertion of the glazing.

The window is traditionally made by inserting insulating glazing into the rebate and fixing it by blocking it. In this case, the glazing is located laterally mostly via a seal on a side surface of the fold, the glass overlay. The front of the double glazing is supported by blocks in the so-called Falzgrund.

A known problem of window frames made of plastic is the low stability, in particular bending and torsional rigidity, of the plastic profile. It is therefore known to reinforce this profile by suitable reinforcing elements. It has been proposed in DE-A 1 281 664 to insert flat iron in the plastic profile. In EP-A 0 153 758 it has been proposed to store one metal flange each near the inside and the outside surfaces of a hollow profile. WO-A 01/06079 also discloses a plastic hollow profile with embedded reinforcing elements. These known profiles are each intended for traditional glazing by Verklotzen.

Instead of clogging the glazing, it is also known to glue these in the glazing rebate on the front or side. A significant advantage of the gluing is an increased intrinsic stability of the window sash, since the glazing by its firm connection with the sash itself can absorb forces and so perceives a stabilizing function.

Nevertheless, the dimensional stability and fit of window sashes with glued into a plastic frame glazing is often unsatisfactory. Problems often show up only after the installation of the window sash on the construction site or even after prolonged use of the sash, especially after major temperature fluctuations.

Similar problems also arise with glued fixed glazing and with French windows.

Presentation of the invention

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a window or door element with glued-glazing available, which has an increased dimensional stability and remains as dimensionally stable as possible, especially in temperature changes. This object is achieved by a window or door element with the features of claim 1.

The present invention thus relates to a window or door element, in particular a window or door leaf, which comprises a frame with a glazing inserted therein. The frame comprises a hollow profile made of plastic, which has a side outer wall facing away from the glazing and a lateral boundary wall facing the glazing. The glazing is at least partially glued in a lateral edge region with the boundary wall. Preferably, the boundary wall extends substantially parallel to the outer wall.

The invention is based on the finding that the lack of dimensional stability of such known window or door elements is due inter alia to the different thermal expansion coefficients of the materials used. While glass undergoes a relatively small change in length when heated, the elongation of conventional plastics is considerably higher. At the site of bonding the insulating glass with the plastic, therefore, the expansion of the plastic is hindered in a warming and limited due to the better deformability of the plastic depending on the type of bonding to the extent of the glass. On the opposite side of the bonding of the hollow profile, however, the plastic can expand largely unhindered. This leads to an undesirable deformation of the hollow profile, similar to the deformation of a bimetal.

The present invention proposes to minimize such deformation by providing at least one reinforcing element. This is arranged closer to the lateral outer wall than on the lateral boundary wall, or it has at least a portion which is arranged closer to the lateral outer wall than on the lateral boundary wall. At least the said section is non-positively connected to the hollow profile. The reinforcing element lies at least partially approximately at the same "height" as the glazing, in particular the gluing. More precisely, a normal vector of the glazing, ie a vector perpendicular to the glazing (more precisely in its edge area, preferably in the gluing area), intersects the reinforcing element. In other words, there is a (imaginary) straight line, which extends perpendicular to the plane of the glazing and intersects both the glazing, preferably in the region of the gluing, and the reinforcing element. In still other words, the glazing and reinforcing element at least partially overlap each other when viewing the window or door element perpendicular to the glazing. Preferably, the normal vector intersects the said portion of the reinforcing element, which is closer to the lateral outer wall, in particular a region which is directly connected to the hollow profile. It turned out that such an arrangement of the reinforcing element gives the best stability. Preferably, the reinforcing element is arranged in the interior of the hollow profile and thereby invisible from the outside.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are indicated in the dependent claims.

Thus, the reinforcing element is preferably made of a material with a coefficient of thermal expansion, which differs less from the coefficient of thermal expansion of the glazing, as the thermal expansion coefficients of the plastic and the glazing differ. Preferably, the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of the reinforcing element and that of the glazing is less than 35%, preferably less than 20%, of the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of the plastic and that of the glazing. This leads to a minimal thermal deformation.

Suitable materials for the reinforcing element are in particular metals such as steel or aluminum, glass, wood, fiber-reinforced plastic or combinations thereof.

In a preferred embodiment, the reinforcing element is non-positively connected to the outer wall of the hollow profile, in particular glued or screwed, or at least partially embedded in this, in particular extruded.

In addition, the frame may comprise a delimbing element which extends in the longitudinal direction of the hollow profile and which is preferably frictionally connected to an inner surface of the boundary wall of the hollow profile with which the glazing is adhesively bonded.

The reinforcing element can be configured in various ways. In According to one embodiment, the reinforcing element comprises a reinforcing strip arranged in the interior of the hollow profile, the flat side of which runs parallel to the outer wall and which is preferably frictionally connected to it, eg glued, screwed or extruded. In another embodiment, the reinforcing element comprises a hollow body arranged in the interior of the hollow profile, extending longitudinally to the hollow profile. According to a further embodiment, the reinforcing element comprises a U-profile arranged in the interior of the hollow profile, one leg of which adjoins the outer wall and is non-positively connected, in particular adhesively bonded, and whose other leg is adjacent to the boundary wall. Preferably, the other leg is then positively connected to the boundary wall, in particular glued. The reinforcing element can also comprise a band, for example in the form of a wire, a strand, a cable or a cord, wherein the band is preferably connected non-positively to the outer wall. Of course, a variety of other configurations are possible.

In all these embodiments, the glazing is preferably an insulating glazing, which comprises at least two spaced-apart glass panes of the same circumferential dimensions, in particular the same area. The glass panes thus preferably close off each other at the edge without any projection. However, the glazing may also be a so-called step glass, i. an insulating glazing, one of which projects over the other pane. The glass sheets can have different thicknesses. Of course, a triple glazing, etc. is possible.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1

ein Fenster gemäss dem Stand der Technik im Querschnitt;

Fig. 2

einen Fensterrahmen gemäss einer ersten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung im Querschnitt;

Fig. 3

einen Fensterrahmen gemäss einer zweiten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung im Querschnitt;

Fig. 4

einen Fensterrahmen gemäss einer dritten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung im Querschnitt;

Fig. 5

einen Fensterrahmen gemäss einer vierten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung im Querschnitt;

Fig. 6

einen Fensterrahmen gemäss einer fünften Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung im Querschnitt; sowie

Fig. 7

einen Fensterrahmen gemäss einer sechsten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung im Querschnitt.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings, in which:

Fig. 1

a window according to the prior art in cross section;

Fig. 2

a window frame according to a first embodiment of the present invention in cross section;

Fig. 3

a window frame according to a second embodiment of the present invention in cross section;

Fig. 4

a window frame according to a third embodiment of the present invention in cross section;

Fig. 5

a window frame according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention in cross section;

Fig. 6

a window frame according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention in cross section; such as

Fig. 7

a window frame according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention in cross section.

Detailed description of preferred embodiments

Fig. 1 shows in cross section an example of a window, as it is known from the prior art. In a wall opening a frame 1 is attached. A sash 2 lies over seals 11 and 23 on a window frame 1. The sash 2 is made of a plastic hollow section 20. In the casement 2 a double glazing 3 is used. The insulating glazing 3 comprises an inner pane 31 and an outer pane 32, between which a spacer 33 is arranged in an edge region and which are connected to one another by a suitable adhesive 34. The insulating glazing 3 is frontally supported by blocks 35 in the so-called Falzgrund 25. Its outer pane 32 rests laterally on a lateral surface of the profile 20, the so-called glass overlay, via a seal 24. A so-called glass retaining strip 26 is clipped into the profile 20 and abuts against the inner pane 31 via a seal 24 '. Since a plastic profile often has insufficient bending and torsional rigidity, a steel reinforcement 29 is inserted below the end face of the glazing 3 in the hollow profile 20. A similar reinforcement 12 is also in the frame 1.

Instead of verklotzen the double glazing 3, this can also be fixed by gluing the casement 2. This is illustrated in FIG. 2. The insulating glazing 3 is connected here by lateral bonding of an edge region of the inner pane 31 with a lateral boundary wall 22 of the glass fold, whose outer surface forms the glass support, via an adhesive bead 27. By gluing can be dispensed with a blocking.

The bond ensures a high stability of the composite of insulating glazing and sash against bending and twisting. However, there is a risk of deformation of the sash 2 with temperature changes. In order to minimize such deformation, an reinforcing strip 41 extending in the longitudinal direction of the hollow profile is inserted on an inner surface of the lateral outer wall 21 of the hollow profile 20. This strip rests with its flat side on the inner surface of the lateral outer wall 21 and is positively connected thereto. With a change in temperature, the thermal change in length of the plastic profile 20 in the region of the bond with the insulating glazing 3 is essentially limited to the extent of the inner pane of the insulating glazing. The reinforcing strip 41 now ensures that even on that side of the hollow profile, which is opposite to the glazing, the change in length is limited to a similar degree.

The material of the reinforcing strip is therefore chosen so that it has a similar thermal expansion coefficient α as the window glass. In the following Table 1 typical expansion coefficients of some frequently used materials are given. <b> Table 1: </ b> Thermal expansion coefficients α of selected materials at 20 ° C material α [10 ^-6 / K] window glass 7 ... 9 polyamide 120 Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) 85 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 80 stole 10 ... 16 iron 12 cast iron 9 aluminum 23 lead 29 bronze 17.5 Brass 19 graphite 2.0 Wood (oak) ~ 8 masonry -5 concrete ~ 12

The table clearly shows that the coefficient of linear expansion of typical plastic materials used in window construction is about an order of magnitude greater than that of normal window glass. In contrast, the coefficients of linear expansion of e.g. Steel, aluminum, wood or graphite on the one hand and window glass on the other hand, much less. A material whose coefficient of linear expansion differs less from the coefficient of linear expansion of window glass than that of the plastic material from which the hollow profile is made will therefore achieve a stabilizing effect.

Preferably, the strip 41 is made of metal, in particular steel, preferably stainless steel, or aluminum. Instead, however, a strip of e.g. Glass, wood or fiber-reinforced plastic possible. In the latter case, fibers, e.g. Glass or carbon fibers, embedded in the strip 41, which ensure that the coefficient of linear expansion of the resulting composite material is approximately equal to that of the fibers.

The reinforcing strip 41 is located horizontally approximately at the same height as the region of the bonding of the insulating glazing 3 with the boundary wall 22. This is visualized by the normal vector 49. This is perpendicular to the level of the insulating glazing and cuts both the bond and the reinforcing strip 41. Seen in the direction of the normal vector, so overlap the insulating glazing, especially the region of the bond, and the reinforcing strip together. This position of the reinforcing strip on the opposite side of the bond and at about the same height with the bond leads to an optimal stabilization of the frame construction.

While a connection of the strip 41 with the outer wall 21 is preferred, the strip 41 does not necessarily have to be arranged and fastened at this point. Instead, the bar may e.g. also be arranged on the parallel to the outer wall 21 extending web 28 and be connected to this or be anchored in a different location and in other ways non-positively in the hollow section 20, as long as the bar is closer to the outer wall 21 than at the boundary wall 22. Preferably, the flat side of the strip 41 runs parallel to the boundary wall 22, although a different orientation is possible. Possible, albeit aesthetically less satisfactory, is also an attachment outside on the outer wall 21st

The strip 41 can be connected to the hollow profile 20 in a variety of ways. Thus, the strip 41 may for example be glued to the hollow profile or extruded into this. Instead or in addition, a frictional connection between the strip 41 and the hollow profile 20 can also form positive locking means, e.g. Roughening, punching, toothing or knurling can be achieved. It is important here a good adhesion in the longitudinal direction of the bar 41, so a good shear strength of the bar 41 in the hollow section 20th

In the embodiment of FIG. 2, a further bar 42 is fixed as a relief element on the inner surface of the glass support forming boundary wall 22, ie, on the side facing away from the bond. This optional bar offers additional benefits. Thus, this bar absorbs some of the forces that arise due to the different length expansion between glazing and glass overlay and otherwise would have to be completely absorbed by the bond 23. In this way, the bond is relieved, which contributes to an increase in the life of the bond, and stresses in the glazing are reduced. In addition, the bar 42 improves the stability of the sash frame prior to mounting the glazing, ie, before the glued glazing can stabilize the frame. With regard to the choice of material and the mounting options of the bar 42 applies to the reinforcing strip 41 said corresponding. The strip 42 can also be riveted to the boundary wall, screwed or otherwise mechanically fixed.

Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention. Instead of the reinforcing strip 41, a hollow body 43 is introduced in the form of a rectangular tube in the hollow profile and fixed therein. In this case, the hollow body 43 is preferably connected non-positively to the inside of the outer wall 21. Optionally, the hollow body 43 may additionally or instead be frictionally connected with the web 28 or on the top and / or bottom with the hollow profile 20. Compared with a reinforcing strip such a hollow body can contribute better to the torsional rigidity of the hollow profile, but at the cost of a higher material requirements. With regard to choice of material and attachment, the considerations made above in connection with the reinforcing strip 41 apply accordingly. Instead of a hollow body, e.g. a correspondingly shaped, solid wooden rod can be used.

Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 4. Here is a U-shaped profile 44 is introduced into the hollow profile. The first leg of the U-profile 44 is non-positively connected to the outer wall 21, for example, glued to this, while the second leg non-positively connected to the boundary wall 22, for example glued or riveted to this is. In this respect, the U-profile 44 forms both a reinforcing element (first leg) and a relief element for the gluing of the glazing (second leg). By combining these two elements, a high torsional rigidity of the hollow profile is achieved. A compound of the legs connecting web of the U-profile with the hollow profile is not necessary, which can be saved in this area adhesive. However, the web may be connected instead of the legs or in addition to these non-positively with the hollow profile. With regard to choice of material and fastening of the U-profile, reference is again made to the comments on the strip 41. With regard to the material in this case materials are preferred which have a low thermal conductivity in order to avoid the formation of a cold bridge through the U-profile.

Fig. 5 shows another embodiment of the present invention. A glued or otherwise attached, e.g. screwed, reinforcing strip 45 serves as the sole reinforcing element.

Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. As reinforcing elements, a plurality of cord-like bands 46, 46 ', 46 "are deposited on or embedded in the outer wall 21, for example coextruded therewith or melted in. The bands preferably contain a fiber material, eg glass fibers, carbon fibers or natural fibers such as hemp or sisal. Other possibilities are the use of a wire or metal strand (ie, a plurality of small diameter wires) In the embodiment of Fig. 6, two of the bands, namely bands 46 and 46 ', are arranged to be at the height of the glazing, ie there is a normal vector 49 or 49 'on the glazing which intersects the respective band.

FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of the present invention. The reinforcing element is formed here by a reinforcing profile 47. This has a first leg, which adjoins the outer wall 21 and extends parallel thereto. A second leg is screwed in an inner region of the hollow profile 20 with this by means of screws 48. While the first leg extends to the level of the glazing, the end of the second leg is bent laterally. As a result, the second leg ends approximately at the level of the Glasfalzes. This leg is a region which is closer to the outer wall 21 than at the boundary wall 22, screwed to the hollow profile. This screwing limits the thermal expansion of the hollow profile in the region close to the screw on the thermal expansion of the reinforcing profile. In addition, the first leg can also be glued or screwed to the inner surface of the outer wall 21.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

frame

11

poetry

12

reinforcement

2

casement

20

hollow profile

21

lateral outer wall

22

lateral boundary wall

23

poetry

24, 24 '

poetry

25

rebate base

26

Glazing bead

27

adhesive bead

28

web

29

reinforcement

3

glazing

31

inner pane

32

outer pane

33

spacer

34

bonding

35

setting blocks

41

reinforcing bar

42

relief bar

43

hollow body

44

U-profile

45

reinforcing bar

46, 46 ', 46 "

reinforcing tape

47

reinforcement profile

48

screw

49, 49 '

normal vector

Claims (10)

Window or door element, comprising a frame (2), which comprises a hollow profile (20) made of plastic, as well as glued into the frame glazing (3), wherein the hollow profile facing away from the glazing (3) outer wall (21) and a the glazing (3) facing, for glazing (3) substantially parallel boundary wall (22) and wherein the glazing (3) in a surface-side edge region at least partially bonded to the boundary wall (22), characterized in that the frame ( 2) comprises a reinforcing element (41; 43; 44; 45; 46; 46 '; 47) extending in the longitudinal direction of the hollow profile (20), which has at least one region which is closer to the outer wall (21) than to the boundary wall (21). 22) and frictionally connected to the hollow profile (20), and that a normal vector (49, 49 ') on the glazing (3) intersects the reinforcing element (41; 43; 44; 45; 46, 46'; 47). Window or door element according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing element (41; 43; 44; 45; 46,46 '; 47) is made of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion which is independent of the thermal expansion coefficient of the glazing (3). differs less than the thermal expansion coefficients of the plastic and the glazing (3) differ. Window or door element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reinforcing element (41; 43; 44; 45; 46,46 '; 47) is made of metal, glass, wood, graphite and / or fiber-reinforced plastic. Window or door element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing element (41; 43; 44; 45; 46, 46 '; 47) non-positively connected to the outer wall (21) of the hollow profile (20), in particular glued or screwed, or at least partially embedded in this, in particular an extruded. Window or door element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frame (2) in the longitudinal direction of the hollow profile (20) extending relief element (42) which is non-positively connected to an inner surface of the boundary wall (22). Window or door element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing element (41; 43; 44; 45; 46,46 '; 47) comprises a reinforcing strip (41; 45) arranged in the interior of the hollow profile (20) flat side parallel to the outer wall (21). Window or door element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing element (41; 43; 44; 45; 46, 46 '; 47) comprises a hollow body (43) or wooden rod arranged in the interior of the hollow profile (20). Window or door element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing element (41; 43; 44; 45; 46,46 '; 47) comprises a U-profile (44) arranged in the interior of the hollow profile (20) a leg adjacent to the outer wall (21) and connected to this non-positively, in particular glued, and the other leg adjacent to the boundary wall (22) and preferably connected to this non-positively, in particular glued. Window or door element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing element (41; 43; 44; 45; 46,46 '; 47) comprises at least one band (46,46'; 47) which frictionally engages the outer wall (21) is connected. Window or door element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the glazing (3) is an insulating glazing, which comprises at least two spaced-apart glass panes (31, 32) of the same area.

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