EP1691944A2 - Method for the production of a cast part from a molten metal - Google Patents
Method for the production of a cast part from a molten metalInfo
- Publication number
- EP1691944A2 EP1691944A2 EP04802904A EP04802904A EP1691944A2 EP 1691944 A2 EP1691944 A2 EP 1691944A2 EP 04802904 A EP04802904 A EP 04802904A EP 04802904 A EP04802904 A EP 04802904A EP 1691944 A2 EP1691944 A2 EP 1691944A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cooling liquid
- casting mold
- mold
- casting
- molten metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
- B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/068—Semi-permanent moulds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a cast part from a molten metal, in which the molten metal is poured into a porous casting mold and the porous casting mold filled with molten metal is cooled with the aid of a cooling liquid.
- EP 0 571 703 B1 discloses an investment casting process for producing metallic castings, in which a porous ceramic casting mold containing the molten metal is immersed in a coolant in a continuous movement after casting. The coolant then passes through the porous ceramic mold and penetrates the mold wall. The area that is wetted by the coolant rushes, the actual immersion depth due to a suitable selection of the immersion speed of the mold in the coolant, the thickness and porosity of the mold wall and the density and viscosity of the coolant, the penetration area of the coolant, viewed in the direction of movement of the solidification front, after the solidification front.
- a prerequisite for the penetration of cooling liquid into the pores of the known ceramic casting mold is that the cooling liquid acts on the casting mold with a certain pressure.
- DE 32 40 808 AI also discloses a method and a device for controlled casting cooling in in particular vacuum-compressed sand molds.
- a cooling medium is passed under pressure through the casting mold containing the casting.
- the cooling medium is either through a cooling pipe system through the mold or directly into the Sand mold introduced.
- a major disadvantage of the above-described first cooling method known from the prior art is that it requires expensive ceramic molds that are complex to manufacture and the accuracy with which the cooling of the melt contained in the casting mold, which progresses after wetting, can only be set inaccurately ,
- the second known method explained above has the disadvantage that the cooling liquid has to be fed into the casting mold under pressure via a complex cooling pipe system.
- Both the use of ceramic casting molds according to the investment casting process (EP 0 571 703 B1) and the need to introduce piping into the casting mold (DE 32 40 808 AI) mean that complex castings with a controlled solidification process are obtained using these known processes can only be produced at increased cost and manufacturing costs.
- the known solutions have little flexibility. Adaptation of the casting molds to changing cast part geometries and correspondingly changing requirements for the cooling can be accomplished with the solutions known from the prior art only with great expenditure of time and material.
- the object of the invention was to provide a method for producing a cast part from a molten metal that was quick and controllable To allow cooling of a casting located in a casting mold in a simple manner with high flexibility at the same time.
- the invention provides for the porous casting mold used according to the invention to be designed such that it actively draws in the cooling liquid.
- the casting mold used according to the invention is designed in such a way that it has a capillarity in the region of its sections that come into contact with the cooling liquid, which ensures a surface activity sufficient for the suction of the cooling liquid.
- the contact angle between the respectively wetted surface section and the liquid surface is consequently less than 90 ° in casting molds used according to the invention, at least in the area of their surface coming into contact with the cooling liquid (see section 11.1.3 in H. Kuchling "Taschenbuch der Physik", 5. Edition, published by Harri Deutsch, Thun and Frankfurt / Main, 1984).
- the method according to the invention can be used particularly economically in that the absorbent material from which the casting mold is at least partially made is a molding material for the production of lost casting molds, which is mixed from a base material and a binder, and the base material and the Binders of the molding material are matched to one another in such a way that the mold part, when wetted with the cooling liquid, maintains its shape for at least the time required for the formation of a dimensionally stable outer shell of the casting by solidification of the metal melt poured into the mold.
- the absorbent material from which the casting mold is at least partially made is a molding material for the production of lost casting molds, which is mixed from a base material and a binder, and the base material and the Binders of the molding material are matched to one another in such a way that the mold part, when wetted with the cooling liquid, maintains its shape for at least the time required for the formation of a dimensionally stable outer shell of the casting by solidification of the metal melt poured into the mold.
- a casting mold is put together from at least one casting mold part.
- the casting mold part is made from a molding material mixed from a molding sand and a binder, which is brought into an at least temporarily solid shape by a suitable treatment.
- the molding material can, for example, be brought into the shape of the respective casting mold part in a core molding machine in a manner known per se and then cured by supplying heat, gassing or other measures.
- the molten metal is then poured into the “lost” casting mold formed from molded parts produced in this way.
- the casting mold is then wetted with the cooling liquid according to the invention.
- the surface activity of the finished molded part is set such that liquid coming into contact with it from the molded part is absorbed due to the capillary effect and that the binder and the basic molding material are used in the molded material used to produce the molded part are coordinated with one another in such a way that the molded part remains dimensionally stable over a period of time sufficient for the formation of a solid outer shell of the cast part, even if the coolant is completely saturated at least in sections.
- cooling of the molten metal can be carried out in a targeted and precisely controlled manner during the solidification phase, without the need for complex device or process engineering measures.
- the dimensional stability ensured over a sufficient treatment time and the capillarity of the casting mold used in accordance with the invention make it possible in a simple manner to cool the casting in such a way that a certain solidification process is achieved which is optimal for the desired properties of the component.
- cooling liquid absorbed by the casting mold increases the thermal conductivity of the casting mold and thus the cooling of the melt.
- the cooling liquid is actively absorbed by the casting mold and penetrates the casting mold completely or only in sections depending on the respective surface activity of the casting mold material, the exposure time, the location of the wetting and the quantity of cooling liquid supplied.
- a cooling carried out according to the invention can be carried out without problems with a wide variety of cast part geometries. For this purpose, for example, only those parts of the casting mold can be brought into contact with cooling liquid which adjoin regions of great thickness of the casting to be produced.
- the contour of the casting mold itself can be adapted to the cooling requirements. Since the casting mold has thin wall thicknesses, for example, in the areas in which the cooling according to the invention is to take effect particularly quickly, the liquid wetting the mold reaches these areas particularly quickly, so that particularly intensive cooling is achieved in the areas concerned. At the same time, other areas of the casting mold can be made thicker so that cooling will start later.
- the cooling liquid gets into the edge layer of the inner surface of the casting mold adjacent to the melt, the cooling liquid starts to evaporate.
- the energy withdrawal associated with this evaporation brings about a significant reduction in the temperature in the peripheral zone, with the result that the adjacent melt solidifies more quickly.
- the liquid vapor thus formed at least partially escapes from the mold or condenses with the result that a concentration gradient arises from the wetted outer surface to the inner surface of the casting mold.
- This additionally promotes the suction of cooling liquid, so that fresh cooling liquid continuously gets into the area of the casting mold heated by the heat of the casting in a continuously and automatically running process.
- the fact that the evaporation of the coolant, particularly in the initial phase of cooling due to the then still particularly high casting temperature, starts before the coolant reaches the casting itself ensures that the surface quality of the casting is not impaired by the formation of vapor bubbles.
- the amount of cooling liquid absorbed by the casting mold can be controlled via the duration of contact between the casting mold and the cooling liquid and via the amount of cooling liquid brought into contact. Since the mold draws the cooling fluid automatically, to achieve a cooling of the entire molten metal is complete immersion of the mold into the cooling liquid as little required 'as a introducing cooling fluid into the mold under pressure. With regard to the introduction of cooling liquid, the casting mold thus represents the active part in the procedure according to the invention, while the cooling liquid is only offered, ie is not actively driven into the casting mold.
- the suction effect is largely determined by the type and shape of the pores present in the casting mold.
- the cooling effect can also be targeted by setting a specific surface activity of the mold parts influence. Due to the enlarged total surface area, smaller pores lead to a greater capillary action and thus a stronger suction of water.
- the casting mold wetted with cooling liquid also remains dimensionally stable at least until the metal melt solidifies.
- this is achieved by a suitable combination of binder and molding material of the molding material.
- the evaporation of the cooling liquid already occurring in the casting mold due to the heat of the cast metal supports drying of the casting mold. In this way, premature disintegration of the casting mold before solidification of the casting is additionally counteracted.
- the wetting of the casting mold according to the invention with cooling liquid can be carried out at any point in the solidification phase, that is to say from the start of pouring off the melt to complete solidification and cooling of the casting.
- the wetting can be maintained continuously or can only be carried out over certain periods of time.
- the casting mold is at least partially immersed in a cooling liquid bath and thus wetted with the cooling liquid.
- a cooling liquid bath As a rule, it is not necessary to completely immerse the casting mold in the cooling liquid. Instead, the capillary action ensures that a complete wetting of the casting mold can also be achieved if the mold is only exposed to the coolant in certain sections.
- the capillary action can also be used in the manner according to the invention to specifically give the cooling liquid a specific direction when it penetrates into the casting mold.
- the casting mold wets against the force of gravity if the casting mold is brought into contact with the cooling liquid only with its lower area near the floor.
- the amount of the cooling liquid absorbed by the casting mold can thus be controlled both via the surface activity of the respectively processed casting mold material and the size of the surface wetted with cooling liquid and also via the immersion time. Due to the shape stability of the casting mold, at least during the solidification phase of the molten metal, the cooling liquid bath is not contaminated and can therefore be reused several times.
- the accuracy with which the cooling liquid is introduced into the casting mold can be increased further by bringing the casting mold into contact with a moisture carrier.
- coolant can be targeted and flexible in areas of.
- Casting mold • are brought, which border on cast part areas, which, for example, have a special need for cooling due to their thickness.
- the moisture carrier is a sponge or a comparable absorbent element.
- a further possibility of applying the cooling liquid to be taken up by the casting mold is that the casting mold is sprayed with cooling liquid at least in sections.
- the spray pressure and the sprayed-on amount of liquid are to be coordinated with one another in such a way that the cooling liquid is not driven into the mold, but rather that the respectively sprayed surface sections of the casting mold are acted upon particularly uniformly with a precisely metered amount of liquid. Spraying the casting mold can be used particularly advantageously in an automated processing process.
- Another particularly easy way of realizing a specific wetting of the casting mold with cooling liquid which is limited to certain areas of the casting mold, provides that pockets are formed on the casting mold.
- the amount of liquid filled into these pockets forms a supply which is sucked up from the casting mold over a certain time interval.
- the depth and shape of the pockets can also be designed so that internal areas of the casting mold can be reached by the cooling liquid particularly quickly.
- the casting mold part is a casting core.
- cooling can be implemented in a simple manner, particularly in the case of casting cores which are difficult to access.
- the casting mold can be formed from a core package, that is to say it can be composed of a plurality of casting cores and casting mold parts. With such a casting mold, the advantages of the method according to the invention with regard to accessibility and flexibility are particularly relevant for cooling.
- molding materials which are mixed with an inorganic binder are particularly suitable for the production of moldings used according to the invention.
- molded parts that have been hardened using a suitable inorganic binder have a particularly high dimensional stability which persists over a long treatment time when penetrated by cooling liquid. At the same time, they are particularly uncritical with regard to environmental pollution.
- binder systems based on water glass has proven to be particularly suitable.
- the molding sand can contain quartz sand which can be obtained inexpensively.
- the molding material is particularly easy to remove and process if the molding sand contains aluminum oxide sand.
- a molding sand containing mullite can be used according to the invention.
- the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of castings from a light metal melt, in particular from an aluminum or a magnesium alloy.
- Fig. 3 shows the device for cooling of an aluminum mold filled, alternatively designed molds.
- the device A shown in FIG. 1 serves to cool casting molds 1 after they have been filled with an aluminum melt in a manner known per se.
- the device A comprises a lifting device 4 and a basin 2 that is filled with a cooling liquid K.
- the cooling liquid K is water, which is mixed with an additive to improve its wetting ability.
- the mold parts of the casting molds 1, which are not shown in detail, have been produced from a molding material which has been mixed, for example, from an inorganic, waterglass-based binder system and a mullite-containing molding base material.
- the molded parts were produced in a machine, also not shown, in which the molding material was cured by the introduction of heat into a shaping space of the machine.
- the structure of the casting mold and its individual parts corresponds to the conventional structure of such molds, which has been described many times in the prior art, so that no detailed explanation is given here.
- the casting mold After the aluminum melt has been poured into the casting mold 1 in a manner known per se, the casting mold is transported to the device A and taken over by the lifting device 4. The lifting device 4 then lowers the casting mold 1 into the basin 2.
- the lowering depth is controlled in such a way that the casting mold. 1 'is in permanent contact with the cooling liquid K starting from its base la.
- the casting mold is lowered into the cooling liquid K, for example, by approximately one eighth of its height H.
- the casting mold 1 As soon as the casting mold 1 is immersed in the cooling liquid K, the casting mold 1 actively draws in cooling liquid K against the direction of gravity due to its own surface activity.
- the direction of the cooling liquid absorption of the casting mold 1 is indicated by arrows P in FIG. 1.
- a volume region 3 wetted by cooling liquid K forms in the casting mold 1 and extends from the base la over the optimal height H of the casting mold 1 for the respective cooling result.
- the capillary action and the associated active suction of cooling liquid K through the casting mold 1 have the effect that the volume 3 of the casting mold 1 wetted by the cooling liquid K clearly extends beyond the casting mold section immersed in the cooling liquid K.
- the cooling liquid K which has penetrated into the casting mold 1 begins to evaporate. In this way, it leads to a strong cooling, with the result that the aluminum melt directly adjacent to the inner walls of the casting mold 1 quickly and evenly solidifies into a solid shell.
- the evaporating liquid emerges from the casting mold 1 and is replaced by cooling liquid K which, starting from the section immersed in the cooling liquid K, pushes into the casting mold 1.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 Additional or alternative measures for cooling the casting mold 1 and the melt contained therein are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. 2, the casting mold 1 is lifted out of the cooling liquid after the previously explained cooling in the cooling liquid bath formed by the cooling liquid K is completed. The cooling liquid K remaining in the casting mold 1 ensures that residual cooling of the lower region 3 of the casting mold is maintained.
- a cooling liquid mist Kn is now applied to the first lateral area 1b by means of nozzles 5.
- a sponge 6 impregnated with coolant is applied to the other side area 1c to be cooled.
- the cooling liquid quantities K applied in this way to the relevant surface sections 1b, 1c of the casting mold 1 are also actively sucked up by the molding material of the casting mold due to the capillary action, so that regions 7, 8 soaked in the cooling liquid K appear in the casting mold 1. In these areas, too, there is a targeted intensive cooling of the melt contained in the casting mold 1.
- a casting mold 100 which is only varied in terms of its shape compared to the casting mold 1 has an outer pocket 9 molded onto an outer surface of the casting mold 100 and two inner pockets 10, 11 molded into the casting mold 100.
- the pockets 9, 10, 11 are each filled with coolant K. Starting from the pockets 9, 10, 11, areas 12, 13, 14 penetrated by cooling liquid K, the extent of which depends on the filling level of the pockets 9, 10, 11.
- the casting mold 1 can be removed from the casting.
- the quantity, location and, due to the active suction of cooling liquid, the direction of the penetration of the casting molds 1, 100 with cooling liquid K can be easily and precisely and flexibly pretend. In this way, a rapid and directed solidification of the melt is achieved, which leads to particularly good product properties of the casting obtained.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2003157618 DE10357618B4 (en) | 2003-12-10 | 2003-12-10 | Method for producing a casting from a molten metal |
PCT/DE2004/002698 WO2005056218A2 (en) | 2003-12-10 | 2004-12-09 | Method for the production of a cast part from a molten metal |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1691944A2 true EP1691944A2 (en) | 2006-08-23 |
EP1691944B1 EP1691944B1 (en) | 2013-01-23 |
Family
ID=34672532
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04802904A Not-in-force EP1691944B1 (en) | 2003-12-10 | 2004-12-09 | Method for the production of a cast part from a molten metal |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1691944B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10357618B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005056218A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007041445B4 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2014-03-27 | Bühler Druckguss AG | Method for cooling castings |
DE102007048419B3 (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2009-06-18 | Albert Handtmann Metallgusswerk Gmbh & Co. Kg | Accelerated, direct cooling of non-ferrous castings, injects gas coolant into gap left when molding shrinks away from contour-forming wall of mold |
JP4748426B2 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2011-08-17 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | Magnesium alloy mold and magnesium alloy casting method |
DE102009010034A1 (en) | 2009-02-21 | 2010-09-23 | Actech Gmbh | Method and casting plant for the directional solidification of a casting made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy |
DE202009002512U1 (en) | 2009-02-21 | 2009-04-16 | Actech Gmbh | Casting plant for directional solidification of a cast body |
DE102009041162A1 (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2011-03-24 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing cast part such as cylinder head or a crankcase of internal combustion engine, by providing cast form produced from vaporizable material and sand and filling the cast form with liquid casting materials |
US10612114B2 (en) | 2016-04-28 | 2020-04-07 | Alotech Limited, Llc | Ablation casting process |
USD936215S1 (en) | 2017-11-22 | 2021-11-16 | Calla Lily Personal Care Ltd | Sanitary product |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1194103B (en) * | 1963-05-20 | 1965-06-03 | Rudolf Koppatz | Process for the combined air and water cooling of ingot casting plants |
FR2419780A1 (en) * | 1978-03-14 | 1979-10-12 | Avesta Jernverks Ab | Pouring metal without turbulence into thin walled mould - gradually lowered into cooling bath during casting from horizontal into vertical position (SW 22.5.78) |
DE2922774A1 (en) * | 1978-06-23 | 1980-01-03 | Musschoot A | Moist foundry moulding sand reclamation - in which hot moulds are fed into chamber using controlled vacuum to remove water as steam which is condensed and reused |
JPS5584251A (en) * | 1978-12-22 | 1980-06-25 | Hitachi Ltd | Casting method |
US4222429A (en) * | 1979-06-05 | 1980-09-16 | Foundry Management, Inc. | Foundry process including heat treating of produced castings in formation sand |
CH650430A5 (en) * | 1980-08-29 | 1985-07-31 | Fischer Georg Gmbh | Method for casting of metals by phenolic bound sand shapes. |
DE3240808A1 (en) * | 1982-11-05 | 1984-05-10 | Buderus Ag, 6330 Wetzlar | Method for the controlled cooling of castings in sand moulds, particularly vacuum-compacted sand moulds, and apparatus for carrying out the method |
DE3435751A1 (en) * | 1984-09-28 | 1986-04-10 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Integrated semiconductor circuit in complementary circuit logic having an overvoltage protector structure |
DE4216870C2 (en) * | 1992-05-22 | 1994-08-11 | Titan Aluminium Feingus Gmbh | Process for the production of a metallic casting by the precision casting process |
DE19704700C1 (en) * | 1997-02-07 | 1998-09-24 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Defined, delicate and punctually temperable molds and tools made of different materials, in particular metal, plastic, paper, ceramics and their mixtures, their use and processes for tempering molds and tools |
-
2003
- 2003-12-10 DE DE2003157618 patent/DE10357618B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-12-09 WO PCT/DE2004/002698 patent/WO2005056218A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-12-09 EP EP04802904A patent/EP1691944B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2005056218A3 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10357618A1 (en) | 2005-07-14 |
WO2005056218A3 (en) | 2006-02-02 |
WO2005056218A2 (en) | 2005-06-23 |
EP1691944B1 (en) | 2013-01-23 |
DE10357618B4 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
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