EP1690320A1 - Antenne cruciforme a sous-antennes lineaires et traitement associe - Google Patents
Antenne cruciforme a sous-antennes lineaires et traitement associeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1690320A1 EP1690320A1 EP04805462A EP04805462A EP1690320A1 EP 1690320 A1 EP1690320 A1 EP 1690320A1 EP 04805462 A EP04805462 A EP 04805462A EP 04805462 A EP04805462 A EP 04805462A EP 1690320 A1 EP1690320 A1 EP 1690320A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- sensors
- signals
- line
- processing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005314 correlation function Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to antennas, and in particular to the structure of the antenna and the architecture of the processing of data from the sensors of such antennas when they are used in reception.
- Such an antenna generally consists of a matrix comprising up to several thousand sensors arranged to form a rectangular flat surface. These sensors generally have an identical directivity diagram. This elementary directivity diagram does not have sufficient resolution for the performance required of the antenna in localization.
- a beam generation device performs a combination (for example a linear combination) of the signals generated by the sensors in order to form the required directivities on site and in bearing.
- Such an antenna has drawbacks.
- this antenna is very expensive and difficult to integrate on a fixed or mobile platform, such as a naval building, an aircraft, a land vehicle or a space vehicle. There is therefore a need for an antenna solving one or more of these drawbacks.
- the subject of the invention is therefore an antenna comprising: a first and a second linear sub-antenna: each having a plurality of sensors arranged to form first and second portions of lines respectively, each sensor generating a basic signal; the angle between respective directing vectors of the first and second tangents in the middle respectively of the first and second portions of lines being between 30 ° and 150 °; an antenna processing device forming several combined signals for each portion of line, this signal being a combination of the basic signals of the sensors of this portion of line; a signal processing device generating useful combined signals by filtering the noise of the combined signals coming from each portion of the line; a device for calculating the correlation coefficients between the useful combined signals of the first line portion and the useful combined signals of the second line portion; a device generating a detection signal when a correlation coefficient exceeds a predetermined threshold.
- the antenna further comprises a target detection device, comparing each calculated correlation coefficient to an associated predefined threshold, detecting and locating a target when a correlation coefficient exceeds the associated threshold.
- the antenna comprises a device for processing the detection signal and correlation coefficients generating information concerning the detected target.
- the information generated includes the distance, the site, the deposit and the speed of the target.
- the antenna can also include a device displaying the information generated.
- each sensor comprises several elementary sensors chosen from the group consisting of radar, radio-electric, electromagnetic, hydrophone, transducers, microphones, ultrasound, accelerometers, optical or infrared sensors.
- the antenna further comprises a transmitter, the data processing device processing the combined signals as a function of the signal transmitted by the transmitter, the processing comprising for example pulse compression.
- the first and second portions of lines are curves without inflection point. It can be provided that the first and second portions of lines are straight and oriented respectively in elevation and in bearing. These portions of straight lines are preferably not parallel.
- FIG. 1 a schematic representation of an example of antenna structure and architecture for processing data from the sensors of such antennas according to the invention
- - Figures 2 to 4 comparative source location diagrams for different cases
- - Figures 5 to 14 several diagrams illustrating examples of structures of linear sub-antennas.
- a sensor will subsequently designate a device comprising one or more elementary sensors.
- a sensor having several elementary sensors generates a basic signal from the signals of the elementary sensors in a manner known per se. In order to improve the performance of a sensor, it is common to use a module grouping together several sensors.
- the term sensor used subsequently also covers a sensor module, since a sensor and a sensor module are functionally identical for antenna processing.
- the antenna processing will designate a signal processing of the sensors which forms, by combination of the signals of the sensors, signals called channels or beams which favor a direction of propagation in the space of the physical quantity.
- the combinations of signals mentioned below will for example be linear combinations of these signals.
- the invention provides an antenna comprising at least two linear sub-antennas, each provided with sensors forming a line portion.
- the two portions lines are defined as follows: the tangents are formed in the middle of each line portion. The angle between the directing vectors of these tangents must then be between 30 ° and 150 °.
- Each of the linear sub-antennas has an antenna processing device which generates one or more combined signals.
- Each of the linear sub-antennas has a signal processing device applied to the combined signals, which provides one or more useful combined signals. These useful combined signals are the results of processing the combined signals, intended to extract the noise therefrom, and are generated before the correlation processing.
- the antenna also has a device for calculating the correlation coefficients between the useful combined signals of a linear sub-antenna with the useful combined signals of the other linear sub-antenna. Resolution information is obtained by calculation rather than by increasing the number of sensors. A simplified example of an antenna will be described with reference to FIG. 1.
- the antenna 1 of FIG. 1 comprises two linear sub-antennas 2 and 3.
- the linear sub-antennas 2 and 3 each comprise several sensors, respectively 21 to 2M and 31 to 3N.
- the sensors 21 to 2M are arranged to substantially form a first portion of line.
- the sensors 31 to 3N are arranged to substantially form a second portion of line.
- the first and second line portions of FIG. 1 verify the orientation condition defined previously: these line portions are in this case line segments placed in the same plane and orthogonal.
- the angle between the guide vectors can be within an appropriate range chosen by the skilled person.
- this angle is included in the following ranges: [40 °; 140 °], [50 °; 130 °], [60 °; 120 °], [70 °; 110 °], [80 °; 100 °], [85 °; 95 °], or [89 °; 91 °].
- the sensors 21 to 2M are in this case used for determining the site of a source or a target, while the sensors 31 to 3N are used to determine its deposit.
- These sensors include one or more elementary sensors, not illustrated, of the appropriate type.
- a sensor having several elementary sensors generates a basic signal from the signals of the elementary sensors in a manner known per se. Each sensor therefore generates a basic signal which can undergo a particular signal processing before the antenna processing.
- the sensors of a portion of line can have an identical directivity and be evenly distributed on this portion of line.
- the sensors 21 to 2M respectively generate the basic signals SI to SM illustrated by Si '.
- the sensors 31 to 3N respectively generate the basic signals Gl to GN illustrated by Gj '.
- the index i ' will designate all the signals or numbers associated with a sensor 2i'.
- the signal S4 is associated with the sensor 24.
- the index j ' will denote all the signals or numbers associated with a sensor 3j'.
- the signal G2 is associated with the sensor 32.
- An antenna processing device 4 forms a combined signal from the sensors of a portion of line, in a manner known per se.
- the antenna processing device 4 thus generates the combined signals VSi associated with the signals Si '.
- An antenna processing device 5 forms a combined signal from the sensors of the other line portion, in a manner known per se.
- the antenna processing device 5 thus generates the combined signals VGj associated with the signals Gj '.
- the combined signals aim, among other things, to form directivity lobes of the antenna used for reception.
- Each of the linear sub-antennas has a signal processing device processing signals from the antenna processing. This signal processing device provides one or more combined signals useful for the output of each linear sub-antenna.
- the signal processing devices 6 and 7 extract the useful signal from the noise, in a manner known per se.
- the devices 6 and 7 thus process the combined signals VSi and VGj respectively to generate the useful combined signals TSi and TGj.
- the signal processing devices 6 and 7 can also be coupled to the antenna transmission device if it is of the transmitter / receiver type or of another antenna if the antenna is of the receiver type only, in order to perform processing taking into account signals emitted in a manner known per se, such as pulse compression.
- the calculation device 8 calculates the time or frequency correlation coefficients (depending on whether the processing has been carried out in the time or frequency domain) between the useful combined signals TSi of the first portion of the line and the useful combined signals TGj of the second portion line.
- the matrix [Cij] of the correlation coefficients is thus formed. Details concerning the calculation of these coefficients are given below.
- the calculation device 8 also uses the correlation coefficients [Cij] to detect a target and generate a detection signal.
- a detection device (included in the calculation device 8 in the example) compares each correlation coefficient with a respective predefined threshold. When a given correlation coefficient is below its predefined threshold, it is considered that no source or target is at the intersection of the two directivity lobes VSi and VGj, in the site i and the deposit j. When a correlation coefficient exceeds its predefined threshold, it is considered on the contrary that a source or target is at the intersection of the two directivity lobes, in the site i and the deposit j.
- a detection signal associated with the result of the comparison can thus be generated in the form of a binary value.
- the set of signals can then be arranged in a matrix [Rij].
- the threshold is defined as a function of the desired performance of the antenna and of the associated data processing device (including antenna processing, signal processing and information processing), in terms of probability of detection and of false alarm.
- the directivity diagram for the emission of the antenna is that of a lobe in in the form of a cross and by reciprocity the directivity diagram on reception is the same as on transmission.
- the combination of antenna and signal processing makes it possible to obtain the same information as that obtained by a surface antenna, for example planar, whose directivity lobe in reception would be as fine as the center of the cross formed by the directivity lobe.
- the antenna in FIG. 1 does not perform correlation processing between the signals coming from the linear sub-antennas, the detection performance is that of the sub-antennas alone. These performances are clearly lower than those obtained by the antenna of the invention.
- the processing device 9 can perform additional information processing steps, for example to improve the probability of false alarm performance or to determine the speed, the distance of a target or any other useful information.
- the processing device 9 thus aims to make the information usable by an operator or a processing device.
- This device 9 receives as input data such as the matrix [Cij], the matrix [Rij] or any similar data. All of the determined information can be returned to the users by a suitable display device 10, known per se.
- Figures 5 to 14 illustrate different geometries of line portions of the linear sub-antennas, which can be used in the context of the invention.
- Figure 5 illustrates a sphere on the surface of which are arranged sensors.
- the sensor line portions of a linear sub-antenna are selectively formed by arcs of these sensor circles. Circles and arcs will be designated by points belonging to them.
- the sphere of FIG. 5 thus presents the circles of sensors EAOB, ASBN, ESON.
- the treatments detailed previously can be carried out on different pairs of portions of lines.
- the pairs of line portions of the cruciform antenna can be; EAO with NAS; OBE with SBN; SOUND with AOB; NES with BEA; ONE with BNA; ESO with ASB; either the same pairs with sub-portions of these line portions such as for example EAO with NA, or else a portion of line formed by a point of the segment EA and a point of the segment AO with a portion of line formed by a point of the NA segment and a point of the AS segment and so on.
- the line portions formed by the sensors of the linear sub-antennas can thus be oriented along orthogonal geodesic lines of the surface.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a satellite having linear sub-antennas 62 and 63 arranged on solar panels oriented in two orthogonal directions.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an airplane having portions of lines 73 formed by the sensors of linear sub-antennas, arranged transversely respectively on or under the wings, and a portion of line 72 formed by the sensors disposed axially respectively on or under the fuselage.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a missile having portions of lines 82 disposed axially on the fuselage, and a portion of circular line 83 surrounding a cross section of the fuselage.
- Figure 9 illustrates another missile in which multiple line portions are arranged in a cross section of the missile.
- FIG. 10 illustrates portions of lines of linear sub-antennas adapted to a submarine, the portion of line 102 extends axially to the surface of the hull.
- the line portion 103 extends transversely between the kiosk and the hull.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a vehicle presenting a platform supporting two portions of orthogonal lines 112 and 113.
- FIG. 12 illustrates an antenna rotating around its vertical axis. A portion of rectilinear line 123 extends on the axis of the amount of the antenna.
- a portion of straight line 122 extends over the upper part of the antenna.
- Figure 13 illustrates a fixed antenna. Portions of rectilinear lines 133 extend respectively over several faces of the upright. A portion of circular line 132 extends over the upper part of the antenna.
- Figure 14 also illustrates a fixed antenna.
- the upper part has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped. Each side face has a portion of vertical rectilinear line 143 and a portion of horizontal rectilinear line 142.
- Various limitations can be provided regarding the shape of the portions of lines.
- L the length of the line portion and d the curvilinear distance between a point and the middle of the line portion.
- d the curvilinear distance between a point and the middle of the line portion.
- the processing of conforming antennas is a technique known to those skilled in the art.
- the two line portions can be separated by any distance provided that the target or the source is in the far field of the two sub-antennas which is defined by a person skilled in the art for each sub-antenna as the ratio of the square of the straight antenna length with the lowest wavelength used by the antenna.
- the two line portions can be arranged at a distance separating them sufficient for a weak coupling between their sensors.
- the two line portions can be intersecting, there can be; or a sensor common to the two portions of lines: this implies that the correlation coefficient for this sensor is reduced to its autocorrelation coefficient; - or a hole in one of the two line portions: this case corresponds to patchy antennas known in themselves by those skilled in the art.
- patchy antennas known in themselves by those skilled in the art.
- these types of antennas have only been illustrated in the various figures, it is also possible to envisage applying the invention to an antenna having a matrix of sensors, for example of rectangular shape. The matrix is then divided into portions of sub-antennas as defined above. One can in particular delimit several rows and columns and calculate correlation coefficients for several pairs of row-column.
- a passive antenna the sensors of which are hydrophones or an active antenna, the sensors of which are transducers.
- the processing device forming the combined signal performs in particular a channel forming function.
- an antenna is used for reception and the sensors of the modules are suitable for capturing radar signals.
- the processing device forming the combined signal performs in particular a beam forming function.
- the coefficients of [Cij] can be calculated as follows: Let X (t) and Y (t) be second order complex, non-periodic, centered and stationary random signals.
- the correlation function checks the following equality:
- the integral is calculated over a finite time interval which corresponds to the integration time.
- Those skilled in the art will be able to adapt the formulas to the cases of periodic signals, which are not centered or do not check all the statistical properties mentioned above.
- the time shift ⁇ is bounded. For example, if ⁇ is included in the time interval [- ⁇ max, ⁇ max], then there exists a value ⁇ 0 of ⁇ for which the normalized correlation function reaches its maximum C ⁇ 5 maximum correlation coefficient between the two linear sub-antennas.
- the time difference ⁇ 0 is determined by the geometry of the antenna. In the case of two identical linear sub-antennas intersecting in their center, the maximum
- Cij whose values are between 0 and 1.
- a value of maximum correlation coefficient Cij greater than a predefined correlation threshold implies that at least one source or target is detected at the virtual intersection of the directivity lobes of the two linear sub-antennas 2i and 3j. In the case of FIG. 1, the presence of a source or target is determined at the intersection of site i and deposit j.
- Another calculation method based on the use of real combined signals, simplifies the calculation step. The correlation coefficients are then determined, considering the correlation function as follows:
- This method makes it possible to obtain the correlation coefficients directly from the powers of the signals by simply performing summations or subtractions. Furthermore, it is possible to envisage excluding too weak signals from the detection.
- each threshold of the denominator can also be compared to a respective threshold.
- the correlation coefficients in the frequency domain can be determined from the coherence function defined as follows.
- the Fourier transforms of the correlation functions of two signals X and Y previously defined are the inter-spectral densities (or even spectral density of interaction).
- the Fourier transforms of the correlation functions of the signals X and Y previously defined are the power spectral densities of the signals X and Y.
- the antenna processing devices 4 and 5 may be weight the basic signals of the sensors as a function of differences in directivity or sensitivity, before performing the combination (for example linear) of these signals.
- the antenna processing devices can also include an adaptive processing which has the function of eliminating a spurious signal, such as that coming from a jammer or any other processing which makes it possible to improve the functionalities and the performances of the antenna and associated data processing.
- the signal processing devices 6 and 7 of the combined signals can carry out: bandpass filtering, Doppler or MTI filtering, pulse compression processing or deviation measurement or any other processing which makes it possible to improve the functionality and performance of the antenna and associated data processing.
- the antenna may include adequate data processing stages, providing appropriate information to operators.
- the calculation of the correlation coefficients will preferably be carried out after an antenna processing step and a signal processing step.
- the calculation of the correlation coefficients will generally be followed by a thresholding and information processing step.
- the information processing stages corresponding to the devices 8 to 10 in FIG. 1, have for example the function of detecting, locating or displaying the presence of a source or a target.
- the antenna according to the invention has two perpendicular straight line portions each composed of 25 modules, ie a total of 50 modules.
- the reference antenna has a matrix of 100 modules distributed over a square surface.
- the antennas were compared during studies according to three types of target known to the skilled person: non-fluctuating target, slowly fluctuating target and rapidly fluctuating target.
- the transmitter used includes a synthesizer transmitting a signal at 9.345 GHz, cut into pulses by a switch.
- the antenna channels were transposed into equation and digitized at a sampling frequency of 1 MHz.
- the antenna detection capabilities were tested based on the signal-to-noise ratio by pointing the antennas toward the transmitter.
- the two antennas obtain the same probability of detection when the number of samples N of the antenna of the invention with the denominator test method is 4 times greater than that of the reference antenna , for a non-fluctuating and slowly fluctuating target; for a rapidly fluctuating target, the antenna of the invention with the denominator test method obtains a better probability of detection when the number of samples N is 4 times that of the reference antenna.
- This improvement in the performance of the antenna of the invention with the denominator test method can be illustrated by the signal to noise ratio necessary to obtain a detection probability of 0.9 when the probability of a false alarm is 10 " 4 , from
- the antenna of the invention then makes it possible to obtain the same performances in probability of detection and in probability of false alarm as the reference antenna. It is also understood that these performances of the antenna of the invention would be significantly better than those of a reference antenna having the same number of modules, provided that the level of the secondary lobes is sufficiently reduced compared to that of the main lobe. From the theoretical point of view the calculation of the correlation coefficients is similar to a non-coherent integration which is distinguished from the coherent integrations usually carried out on the antennas. Non-coherent detection can be extended over a longer time than coherent integration.
- the secondary lobes associated with the processing of the antenna of the invention are thus distributed randomly on the plane perpendicular to the central lobe (in the example, the site-deposit plane) and not in a deterministic manner. It can therefore be seen, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 4, that the antenna does not catch a target on the secondary lobes.
- the antenna of the invention also has a resolution 2.5 times that of the reference antenna, due to the greater length of the line portions relative to the sides of the square of the reference antenna.
- the method of testing the denominator of the correlation coefficient made it possible in practice to reduce by 3 the number of samples necessary for a given level of performance.
- Figures 2 to 4 illustrate the detection diagram Dl of a conventional antenna, compared with the diagrams D2 and D3 of a cruciform antenna, in different cases.
- Dl corresponds to the diagram generated by the reference antenna
- D2 to the diagram generated by the antenna according to the invention
- D3 is the diagram obtained from D2 after thresholding.
- Figure 2 identifies localization performance in the presence of a single target. It can be seen that the diagrams D2 and D3 show a very clear trace around the target 91 detected. In contrast, the secondary lobes of the conventional antenna give a blurred outline of the target 91 in the diagram D1.
- Figure 3 identifies localization performance in the presence of a single target and a nearby jammer.
- FIG. 4 identifies the localization performance in the presence of two targets 93 and 94. It can be seen that D2 and D3 have a resolution greater than D1. D2 and D3 make it possible to distinguish the two targets 93 and 94, unlike Dl. So that the presence of a jammer at the same location as the target does not reduce the antenna localization performance, the antenna can perform the following steps: locate the jammer and point to the jammer, measure the signal from the jammer , subtract this signal from the signals subsequently measured by the modules.
- the inclination of the linear sub-antennas for example at 45 ° relative to their initial axis also makes it possible to reduce the influence of a jammer on the measurements.
- the invention has proved to be particularly advantageous for radar sensors, it is of course possible to apply this invention to antennas whose elementary sensors are hydrophones, microphones, transducers, radioelectric, electromagnetic, ultrasonic sensors, accelerometers, optical or infrared.
- the invention can also be used in the submarine field to detect obstacles or to provide submarine objects.
- the invention can also be used in the astronomical field to detect, or even provide an image of celestial objects close to the earth, such as satellites or ballistic missiles, or which can be very distant such as stars.
- the invention can also be used in the space field to detect from the sky or even provide an image of objects close to the earth such as flying objects, or on the earth such as fixed or mobile objects.
- the invention can also be used in the seismological field to detect, or even provide an image of, solid, liquid or gaseous objects buried in or under the earth's surface.
- the invention can also be used in the medical field to detect, or even provide an image of, living beings or solid, liquid or gaseous objects located inside the human body.
- One can for example use the invention in the field of security for example terrestrial to detect, or even provide an image, intrusions into a protected space.
- One can for example use the invention in the field of aeronautical security to detect, or even provide an image of, aircraft navigating around a sensitive area such as, for example, airports, nuclear power plants, protected buildings.
- the invention may for example be used in the field of land navigation (for example automobile), naval (for example boat), underwater (for example submarine), aeronautics (for example airliner) to detect, even provide an image, invisible obstacles, and thus improve their security.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0313418A FR2862439B1 (fr) | 2003-11-17 | 2003-11-17 | Antenne cruciforme a sous-antennes lineaires et traitement associe |
PCT/FR2004/002925 WO2005050786A1 (fr) | 2003-11-17 | 2004-11-16 | Antenne cruciforme a sous-antennes lineaires et traitement associe |
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EP1690320A1 true EP1690320A1 (fr) | 2006-08-16 |
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EP04805462A Withdrawn EP1690320A1 (fr) | 2003-11-17 | 2004-11-16 | Antenne cruciforme a sous-antennes lineaires et traitement associe |
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US (1) | US7372425B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1690320A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4431148B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1902781B (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2546268C (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2862439B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2005050786A1 (fr) |
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FR2862439B1 (fr) * | 2003-11-17 | 2006-02-10 | Jean Marc Cortambert | Antenne cruciforme a sous-antennes lineaires et traitement associe |
FR2885736B1 (fr) * | 2005-05-16 | 2007-08-03 | Jean Marc Cortambert | Antenne cruciforme a sous-antennes lineaires et traitement associe pour radar aeroporte |
JP4576515B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-06 | 2010-11-10 | 学校法人慶應義塾 | イベント検出装置 |
US8390802B2 (en) * | 2009-05-13 | 2013-03-05 | Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Intergration Inc. | Distributed array semi-active laser designator sensor |
FR2959067B1 (fr) * | 2010-04-16 | 2012-04-06 | Thales Sa | Traitement adaptatif de formation de voies pour sonar actif |
JP5604275B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-02 | 2014-10-08 | 富士通テン株式会社 | 相関低減方法、音声信号変換装置および音響再生装置 |
FR2978560A1 (fr) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-02-01 | Jean-Marc Cortambert | Dispositif de detection d'une cible resistant au fouillis, procede de detection |
US8587316B2 (en) | 2011-12-08 | 2013-11-19 | Pgs Geophysical As | Noise reduction systems and methods for a geophysical survey cable |
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JP6222454B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-20 | 2017-11-01 | 三星電子株式会社Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd. | 生体情報測定装置及び生体情報測定方法 |
US10042074B2 (en) | 2014-06-05 | 2018-08-07 | The Charles Machine Works, Inc. | Underground utility line locator and method for use |
GB2539727B (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2021-05-12 | Airspan Ip Holdco Llc | A configurable antenna and method of operating such a configurable antenna |
CN107787595B (zh) * | 2015-06-25 | 2021-07-13 | 艾尔斯潘网络公司 | 管理无线网络中的外部干扰 |
FR3048318B1 (fr) * | 2016-02-26 | 2018-04-06 | Thales | Capteur integre d'interception des emissions radioelectriques com/rad |
CN117420520B (zh) * | 2023-12-18 | 2024-03-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所 | 基于信号处理信息的二次雷达询问天线检测方法 |
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DE1941268B2 (de) * | 1969-08-13 | 1972-04-13 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin u. 8000 München | Radarantennenanordnung mit primaerradarantenne und zwei sekundaerantennen sowie nebenkeulen-abfrage- bzw -antwortunterdrueckung |
EP0158690A1 (fr) * | 1984-04-17 | 1985-10-23 | Anthony Richard Gillespie | Appareil de thermographie pour la mesure de la distribution de température dans un miliéu quasi-diélectrique |
US5341142A (en) * | 1987-07-24 | 1994-08-23 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Target acquisition and tracking system |
US4864309A (en) * | 1987-08-18 | 1989-09-05 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Microwave radiometer |
US5828334A (en) * | 1994-11-10 | 1998-10-27 | Deegan; Thierry | Passive aircraft and missile detection device |
US5621325A (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 1997-04-15 | The Charles Machine Works, Inc. | Avoiding ghosting artifacts during surface location of subsurface transmitters |
FR2745145B1 (fr) * | 1996-02-15 | 1998-06-12 | France Etat | Antenne lineaire acoustique avec dispositif de levee d'ambiguite |
FR2773269B1 (fr) * | 1997-12-30 | 2000-03-17 | Thomson Csf | Dispositif large bande de detection, notamment de radars |
FR2862439B1 (fr) * | 2003-11-17 | 2006-02-10 | Jean Marc Cortambert | Antenne cruciforme a sous-antennes lineaires et traitement associe |
FR2885736B1 (fr) * | 2005-05-16 | 2007-08-03 | Jean Marc Cortambert | Antenne cruciforme a sous-antennes lineaires et traitement associe pour radar aeroporte |
-
2003
- 2003-11-17 FR FR0313418A patent/FR2862439B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-11-16 EP EP04805462A patent/EP1690320A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-11-16 JP JP2006540510A patent/JP4431148B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-16 WO PCT/FR2004/002925 patent/WO2005050786A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2004-11-16 CN CN2004800392680A patent/CN1902781B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-16 US US10/579,582 patent/US7372425B2/en active Active
- 2004-11-16 CA CA2546268A patent/CA2546268C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2005050786A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2005050786B1 (fr) | 2005-09-01 |
JP2007515107A (ja) | 2007-06-07 |
US7372425B2 (en) | 2008-05-13 |
CA2546268A1 (fr) | 2005-06-02 |
CN1902781A (zh) | 2007-01-24 |
CA2546268C (fr) | 2013-02-19 |
US20070063912A1 (en) | 2007-03-22 |
JP4431148B2 (ja) | 2010-03-10 |
FR2862439B1 (fr) | 2006-02-10 |
CN1902781B (zh) | 2010-12-29 |
FR2862439A1 (fr) | 2005-05-20 |
WO2005050786A1 (fr) | 2005-06-02 |
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