EP1689917A1 - Fabrication de soie - Google Patents

Fabrication de soie

Info

Publication number
EP1689917A1
EP1689917A1 EP04798517A EP04798517A EP1689917A1 EP 1689917 A1 EP1689917 A1 EP 1689917A1 EP 04798517 A EP04798517 A EP 04798517A EP 04798517 A EP04798517 A EP 04798517A EP 1689917 A1 EP1689917 A1 EP 1689917A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silkworm
silk
mat
disposed
thread
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP04798517A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sally Barton
Shankar B. C.S.R.T.I. Ctrl Silk Board DANDIN
Gandudi K.S. C.S.R.T.I. Ctrl Silk Board BABU
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute
Original Assignee
Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute filed Critical Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute
Publication of EP1689917A1 publication Critical patent/EP1689917A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B7/00—Obtaining silk fibres or filaments

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of making silk and silk produced thereby.
  • a silkworm For a silkworm to make its cocoon, it requires anchor points to which it attaches the silk thread so that the cocoon has physical support during its construction. The silkworm will generally not begin spinning until it finds suitable anchors. It has been known to use cardboard grids, for example, which are simply placed near the silkworms. The silkworms then attach their thread to the walls of the grid (See Fig. 1).
  • the cocoons after destruction of the pupae therein, are unwound by locating an end of the silk thread and unwinding the cocoon by attaching the end of the thread to a winding bobbin.
  • the silk from several cocoons may be wound together to make one strong silk thread.
  • the thread is then woven into cloth.
  • the present invention provides a method of making silk comprising the steps of disposing a silkworm on a substantially flat surface which is sufficiently free of anchor points that the silkworm cannot spin a cocoon thereon, the silkworm being able to move around on the surface whilst secreting silk thread thereby forming a mat of silk on the surface, and removing the silkworm from the surface after the formation of a mat of silk.
  • the silkworm cannot find a suitable place to begin spinning its cocoon, so it continues to move around searching for an anchor.
  • the silkworm cannot ultimately control its silk glands and sooner or later the silk must be released.
  • the silk emerges from a small spinneret on the silkworm's lip. Whilst this is occurring, the silkworm is still searching and silk thread is deposited on the surface following the random movements of the silkworm. Eventually, a mat of silk lies on the surface. None of the further processing of the silk associated with the prior art, such as winding into thread and then weaving into cloth is required.
  • the worm can be of any appropriate species e.g. Bombyx Mori, the main requirement of the worm being that it produces silk or other material.
  • species are known which produce a material of a rougher texture than silk, similar to sacking cloth, and these too could be used in the present invention.
  • references herein to "silkworms” and “silk” are to be construed accordingly.
  • the mat or patch of silk produced on the surface is advantageously removable from the surface and is strong enough to be dry cleaned or washed conventionally.
  • the silkworm After removal of the silkworm from the surface, the silkworm can be stored in conditions suitable for metamorphosis to occur, despite the fact that it has no cocoon.
  • the silkworm can be wrapped in a thermally insulating material such as cotton wool or bubblewrap.
  • the surface can be arranged substantially horizontally and on support means which advantageously ensures the silkworm does not escape.
  • the surface can advantageously be made of card, which is cheap and can be easily cut to a desired shape.
  • a cloth, such as hessian can also be used having similar advantages. Any material sensible to the skilled person could be used.
  • the present invention also provides a mat of natural silk comprising a continuously spun thread extending in multiple paths across the area of the mat in a random pattern of crossing thread portions.
  • the mat can have a predetermined peripheral edge shape.
  • the area of the surface on which the worm is placed, and hence that of the mat produced is not greater than about 4 to 6 sq. ins (25 to 40 sq. cm).
  • rectangular silk mats can be produced on a surface area measuring about 3 x 2 ins (8 x 5 cms) with the silk from a single worm resulting in a very acceptable thickness over the entire surface area including the corners.
  • Square surfaces of a similar area also give desirable results. Many other shapes of mat can also be produced, as discussed in the detailed description below.
  • a second worm can be placed onto the surface and the silk mat produced by the first worm in order to lay down a second layer of silk.
  • the thickness of the silk mat can be built up to a desired level before the finished mat is removed from the surface.
  • the surface has an area greater than 6 sq. in (40 sq. cm).
  • the first series of worms ensures coverage of the surface with silk, whilst the subsequent worms are used to build up the thickness.
  • the surface can be arranged at an angle to the horizontal, the silkworm being disposed on a lower portion of the surface, and having a natural tendency to climb up the surface.
  • the surface and/or the silkworm can be rearranged so as to re-dispose the silkworm on a lower portion of the surface.
  • the traditional cocoon spinning frames comprising an array of boxes each adapted to receive a silkworm can be utilised. It has been observed that if a silkworm cannot find a box in the frame, it will spin silk over the top of one or more boxes, thereby creating a roughly circular shaped web of silk thread on the box. This can be exploited by providing a frame which is already full of silkworms and then adding extra silkworms onto the frame.
  • Figure 1 shows a cardboard grid containing cocoons as used in prior art methods
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of an apparatus usable in the invention
  • Figure 3 a is a perspective view of a surface and a silkworm
  • Figure 3b is a perspective view of a mat of silk on the surface
  • Figure 4 shows a pair of silkmoths
  • Figure 5 A and 5B show plan views of silk mats embodying the invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic side view of a second apparatus usable in the invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic side view of the apparatus of figure 6 in a different configuration.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of the apparatus shown in figure 7.
  • Fig. 1 In Fig. 1 is shown a cardboard grid 11 containing a plurality of cocoons 12, as known from the prior art and discussed above.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of an apparatus which can be used in the present invention.
  • a silkworm 23 is shown disposed on a flat surface 21, which here is made of card, and which is arranged on support means 22, here in the form of a bottle.
  • the silkworm is to be placed on the surface when it is ready to start spinning silk which is marked by the silkworm turning a translucent yellow colour. As it is unable to find any anchor points, the silkworm weaves silk onto the surface 21.
  • Fig. 3 A can be seen a silkworm which has started to spin silk on surface 21.
  • the silk thread 31 is deposited on the surface as the silkworm 23 moves around thereon.
  • a completed mat of silk 32 lies on the surface 21.
  • the mat 32 is then removed from the surface by simply peeling it off and can then be washed or dry-cleaned.
  • the shape of the mat 32 is substantially the same as that of the surface 21. It is known for the mat sometimes to have a slightly thicker deposit of silk at its periphery, when the silkworm has spent more time near the edges of the surface, trying to find anchor points. However, the mat 32 may also be of uniform thickness.
  • the mat 32 comprises a continuous thread extending along paths following the random movement of the silkworm 23.
  • the spinning process is allowed to go on for VA to 2 days, the silkworm becoming weak and vulnerable as this goes on.
  • a glue is secreted with the silk at the time of spinning and this sticks the silk threads together.
  • the silkworm is removed from the surface and placed in protective material such as cotton wool or bubble wrap, so that metamorphosis can occur. Metamorphosis takes approximately three weeks, after which moths emerge.
  • Silkmoths cannot fly, they never eat or drink and they will mate and die within five days of emerging.
  • Fig. 4 a pair of silkmoths 41, 42 which have mated and the female 42 has laid her eggs 43.
  • the eggs 43 can be refrigerated for a matter of years and, once removed will hatch in six to twenty days.
  • the silkworm then eats mulberry leaves preferably, for about 26 days before spinning of the silk begins. It takes about three days for the silkworm to turn into a pupa.
  • the silkworm is allowed to spin silk for one and a half to two days and is then placed in cotton wool or bubblewrap, the metamorphosis taking about 21 days. They then mate and the females lay eggs and the moths then die.
  • Fig. 5 A shows schematically a mat 51 wherein the edge portions 53 can be seen to have a higher silk density than the central areas of the mat 51.
  • Fig. 5B shows schematically a differently shaped mat 52 whereby the edge 54 of the mat 52 has a higher density of silk than elsewhere on the mat.
  • Any shape of mat can be produced, including substantially square or rectangular, or other polygonal shape, as long as the corresponding surface does not provide anchor points to the silkworm or silkworms thereon.
  • the surface can also be a long strip. On larger surfaces, there is a tendency for the worms to skimp the corners, thus not depositing as much silk there, especially if the comer is a sharp one.
  • the silkworm deposits silk more evenly over the whole surface and does not skimp comers. It is of course possible to trim the edges of the mat of silk if desired.
  • the minimum size surface that can be used is governed by the need to hold a silkworm thereon so that it does not fall off. Hence this size is of the same order as the size of the silkworm to be used. For larger surfaces, more silkworms and more time are required to produce the mat of silk, but there is no particular theoretical maximum size.
  • FIG. 6 A second apparatus usable in the invention is shown in Figure 6.
  • the surface 61 can be inclined to the horizontal. This is useful because it has been observed that silkworms have a natural tendency to climb upwardly, looking for a suitable anchoring location.
  • the silkworm(s) can be placed at the bottom of the slope and will move upwards while spinning silk thread with the result that the silk threads are to some degree aligned with one another.
  • a more even coverage of silk results also, because as the silkworm or silkworms are biased towards a particular direction they head in this direction and do not spend as much time searching near the edges of the surface.
  • the silkworm(s) reach the top, the surface is rotated back around, so the silkworm(s) are at the bottom again.
  • the apparatus comprises a surface 61 mounted on an axle 62.
  • the axle 62 is joined to a shaft 63 via a joint 64.
  • the joint 64 is of any type suitable to allow pivoting of the axle 62 about the joint and rotation of the axle 62 about its longitudinal axis, whereby the surface 61 can be pivoted to any desired slope and can also be rotated in its own plane.
  • the shaft is mounted in a bearing 65 in the joint 64. It would also be possible to have a first joint (not shown) allowing pivoting of the axle, and a second separate joint (not shown) located between the axle and the surface, allowing rotation of the surface in its own plane.
  • the surface By virtue of the surface being rotatable in its own plane, when the silkworm or silkworms reach the top end of the surface, the surface can rotate under the weight of the silkworm(s) themselves, thereby providing an automatic rotation of the surface at the appropriate time.
  • the surface can be rotated by hand.
  • the surface 61 can simply be attached directly to the top of the shaft 63 via a hinge (not shown) allowing the pivoting of the surface, without the need for the axle.
  • Figure 7 shows the apparatus of Figure 6 in an inclined position wherein the surface 61 is at an angle ⁇ to the horizontal.
  • the angle ⁇ is optimally between 35° and 40° to ensure the silkworms recognise the upward direction, without being so steep that the silkworms fall off the surface 61.
  • the angle ⁇ is chosen by pivoting the surface 61 and the axle 62 about the pivot 71, and the surface can be fixed at a given angle by tightening a screw 72.
  • the silkworms 81 can be seen at an upper portion of the sloped surface 61, at which point the surface is rotated in the direction shown by the arrow 82.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé servant à fabriquer de la soie et consistant à placer un ver à soie sur une surface pratiquement plate (61) suffisamment exempte de points d'ancrage pour que le ver à soie ne puisse pas filer un cocon. Ce ver à soie peut se déplacer sur la surface (61), tout en sécrétant du fil de soie, ce qui permet d'obtenir une couche de soie sur la surface. Après la formation de cette couche (51, 52) de soie, on retire le ver à soie de la surface. La couche (51, 52) de soie naturelle comprend un fil filé en continu s'étendant dans des trajets multiples sur la surface de la couche selon une configuration de parties de fil se croisant. Dans un mode de réalisation avantageux, la surface (61) est maintenue à l'horizontale selon un angle (α), ce qui permet au ver à soie d'essayer de monter sur la surface (61).
EP04798517A 2003-11-14 2004-11-12 Fabrication de soie Ceased EP1689917A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0326645A GB0326645D0 (en) 2003-11-14 2003-11-14 Silk production
PCT/GB2004/004797 WO2005049899A1 (fr) 2003-11-14 2004-11-12 Fabrication de soie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1689917A1 true EP1689917A1 (fr) 2006-08-16

Family

ID=29726609

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04798517A Ceased EP1689917A1 (fr) 2003-11-14 2004-11-12 Fabrication de soie

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1689917A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB0326645D0 (fr)
IN (1) IN2014DN06932A (fr)
WO (1) WO2005049899A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109666975A (zh) * 2018-12-03 2019-04-23 肇庆学院 一种柞蚕初选机

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB201021451D0 (en) * 2010-12-17 2011-02-02 Nefila Ltd Paralysation of silkworm larvae
CN102978716B (zh) * 2012-12-20 2015-09-02 江苏华佳丝绸有限公司 一种提高细纤度蚕丝品质的缫制方法
KR101602791B1 (ko) * 2015-10-21 2016-03-11 대한민국 평면견을 이용한 혈관용 패치 및 이의 제조방법
EP3647470B1 (fr) * 2017-06-29 2023-06-07 National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Procédé de production de longs fils de soie de chenilles burcicoles et fil correspondant
JP7444377B2 (ja) * 2018-12-04 2024-03-06 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 ミノムシ絹糸の採糸装置及び長尺ミノムシ絹糸の生産方法
CN113182203B (zh) * 2021-05-17 2023-11-28 柳州市诚明科技有限公司 蚕茧智能分选方法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS56159337A (en) * 1980-05-10 1981-12-08 Masayoshi Yomo Silk nonwoven fabric
CN1043161C (zh) * 1995-03-29 1999-04-28 张田农 家蚕自织丝宣或丝绢的工艺
JP2000316422A (ja) * 1999-05-13 2000-11-21 Niigata Prefecture 紙シルクの製造装置及び紙シルクの製造方法
JP3306025B2 (ja) * 1999-05-13 2002-07-24 新潟県 紙シルクの製造装置及び紙シルクの製造方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2005049899A1 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109666975A (zh) * 2018-12-03 2019-04-23 肇庆学院 一种柞蚕初选机
CN109666975B (zh) * 2018-12-03 2024-02-23 肇庆学院 一种柞蚕初选机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IN2014DN06932A (fr) 2015-04-10
WO2005049899A1 (fr) 2005-06-02
GB0326645D0 (en) 2003-12-17

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