EP1687572A2 - Heat exchanger, especially for a heater or air conditioner of a motor vehicle, and method for the production thereof - Google Patents
Heat exchanger, especially for a heater or air conditioner of a motor vehicle, and method for the production thereofInfo
- Publication number
- EP1687572A2 EP1687572A2 EP04797952A EP04797952A EP1687572A2 EP 1687572 A2 EP1687572 A2 EP 1687572A2 EP 04797952 A EP04797952 A EP 04797952A EP 04797952 A EP04797952 A EP 04797952A EP 1687572 A2 EP1687572 A2 EP 1687572A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- heating
- heating element
- exchanger according
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H3/00—Air heaters
- F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
- F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
- F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
- F24H3/0429—For vehicles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H3/00—Air heaters
- F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
- F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
- F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H3/00—Air heaters
- F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
- F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
- F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
- F24H3/0429—For vehicles
- F24H3/0435—Structures comprising heat spreading elements in the form of fins
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H3/00—Air heaters
- F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
- F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
- F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
- F24H3/0429—For vehicles
- F24H3/0441—Interfaces between the electrodes of a resistive heating element and the power supply means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H3/00—Air heaters
- F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
- F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
- F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
- F24H3/0429—For vehicles
- F24H3/0441—Interfaces between the electrodes of a resistive heating element and the power supply means
- F24H3/0447—Forms of the electrode terminals, e.g. tongues or clips
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
- F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
- F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
- F24H9/1872—PTC
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
- F28D2021/0091—Radiators
- F28D2021/0096—Radiators for space heating
Definitions
- Heat exchanger in particular for a heating or air conditioning system of a motor vehicle, and a method for producing such
- the invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for a heating or air conditioning system of a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- US Pat. No. 6,178,292 B1 discloses a heat exchanger with an electric heater which is arranged within a carrier element and which is pushed between two adjacent fin packs.
- the carrier element includes a pair of parallel plates, between which an electrical heating element is held and electrically contacted.
- the electric heater consists of a heating element and an insulation element and has a multilayer structure which is essentially penetrated by a heating current perpendicular to the individual layers. Fastening elements running perpendicular to the support element and heater are provided for fastening.
- Such a heat exchanger still leaves something to be desired, especially what the Parts variety and number, and thus affects the manufacturing costs of the entire radiator.
- a heat exchanger in particular for a heating or air conditioning system of a motor vehicle, with a plurality of flat tubes arranged parallel to one another and through which a heat transfer medium flows, with at least some of the flat tubes being associated with an electrically operated heating element which is attached after the heat exchanger has been soldered, and which is directly or indirectly associated with this is fixed to the heat exchanger, and the heating element is formed at least in regions from at least three different layers which are firmly connected to one another over a large area.
- the production is preferably carried out by rolling (laminating) stainless steel strip material and an aluminum foil laminated with a polymer layer or by laminating other materials with suitable properties.
- one or more layer components can be provided with a self-adhesive layer or a heat-seal adhesive layer, so that production-related adhesive layers can be provided between the actual layers, the adhesive layers also having a function when the heating element is in operation.
- the heating element is pushed between two adjacent, protruding rib packets.
- the ribs can be rounded on one side, but preferably on both sides, or provided with a chamfer, which facilitates the insertion of the heating element.
- the heating element can be produced both as a composite and from individual interconnected individual elements. The network must still be separated according to the later connection, unless all individual elements are to be connected in parallel later. The individual elements are to be connected to one another in accordance with the subsequent interconnection.
- the heating element is preferably formed by at least one heating conductor layer, one insulation layer and one heat conducting and protective layer, wherein further layers can also be provided, in particular one or more adhesive layers, which can also be designed as a self-adhesive coating.
- the heating conductor layer is preferably formed by a steel, in particular a stainless steel layer, which in particular has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.25 mm and is elastically deformable, so that the heating element rests resiliently on the protruding rib packets when there is a corresponding deformation and is non-positively between them is held.
- the insulation layer is preferably formed by a polymer, in particular a polyester layer.
- a polymer in particular a polyester layer.
- other, higher temperature-resistant materials such as PEN or polyimides are also possible.
- the insulation layer is preferably formed from an insulating film or a lacquer. It preferably has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, in particular 15 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m. Furthermore, a thin special paper, e.g. an adhesive tape or a thin plastic film possible.
- an adhesive layer is provided between the heat conductor layer and the insulation layer, which two layers permanently bonded together after lamination.
- the alternative is also possible to replace the polyester insulation layer with the adhesive layer.
- the heat conducting and protective layer is preferably formed by a metal layer, in particular an aluminum layer or a layer made of a preferably relatively soft aluminum alloy.
- the heat conducting and protective layer takes on the function of transferring the heat generated in the heating conductor layer focused onto the corrugated fins, in particular the crests of the corrugated fins, ie. H. to perform a task that the insulation layer could only fulfill to a lesser extent.
- this heat-conducting and protective layer also has a protective function, so that the adjacent insulation layer is protected against injuries, for example when the heating elements are introduced. It preferably has a thickness of 20 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, in particular 50 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the heat conducting and protective layer is preferably directly adjacent and arranged in contact with the fin packs of the heat exchanger, so that an optimal heat transfer is possible.
- the aluminum layer is. as well as a stainless steel tape that can be used for the heating conductor layer are commercially available as aluminum foil laminated with a self-adhesive film. This makes it possible to create a permanent connection between the aluminum layer and the insulating layer underneath.
- the laminate according to the invention is produced by rolling and can thus be processed further like a sheet.
- the heating element itself is preferably designed as a heating grid, or a plurality of heating elements are connected to form a heating grid, in particular in such a way that the current is conducted, for example in a meandering manner, t through the heating grid in such a way that the required electrical
- the heating elements and / or the heating conductor layer can in turn be meandering, for example around the electrical one
- individual heating elements running parallel to one another being connected on each side to at least one adjacent heating element via connecting webs.
- the heating element is preferably mounted on the end of the air outflow side with respect to the corresponding flat tube and running parallel thereto, the heating element being accommodated at least in regions between the above rib packets. This enables simple, space-saving and inexpensive attachment.
- the electrical resistance and thus the heating power can preferably be set by providing recesses in the layer used to generate heat, for example slots produced by punching, e.g. through a expanded metal-like design.
- the cut edges are deburred after the punching process. This is preferably done by means of a pulsed voltage which is applied between the current-conducting layers, the voltage preferably being increased from pulse to pulse.
- a pulsed voltage which is applied between the current-conducting layers, the voltage preferably being increased from pulse to pulse.
- possible connection burrs between the two metal layers burn off as a result of the short-term arc, the surrounding areas not or only because of the shortness of the pulses very limited to be affected by excessive heat. Deburring can also be carried out using an etching process or in some other way.
- the deburring can be carried out, for example, directly after the punching, if appropriate also before the lamination, or after the lamination has taken place, followed by punching and subsequent shaping of the heating element.
- the deburred cutting edges are preferably sealed, for example by applying a varnish or an adhesive which hardens after application.
- sealing can also be carried out, for example, in the case of elements of different dimensions which are produced separately and are then firmly connected to one another, the sealing preventing a later short-circuit-forming deformation of the edges, in particular if the layers of the highly electrically conductive layers are small.
- a polymer is preferably used for sealing, whereby the thickness of the seal can be adjusted by choosing the viscosity and the application method (e.g. dipping, rolling off, wiping or applying a bead). Sealing is preferably carried out directly after deburring, but can optionally be carried out as the last method step after connecting and shaping the individual heating elements to form a heating grid.
- the laminate has the layers indicated above, the heat-conducting and protective aluminum layer being in contact with the corrugated fins, while the non-insulated surface of the heat conductor layer forms the side facing away from the heat exchanger. This results in between the aluminum layer and the corrugated fins on. improved heat transfer, in particular with soft aluminum alloy, so that a certain conformity to the tops of the corrugated ribs is possible.
- contact conductors with contact lugs are provided which engage in an electrically conductive manner in the grooves or folds of the heating device and thus contact the heating conductor layer directly.
- the grid-shaped heating device can be secured against falling out by means of an additional adhesive to be applied.
- the heating device holds by means of a force-fit connection, ie. H. by pinching the folds into the spaces between the protruding ribs.
- the grid-shaped heating device is formed in a meandering manner, i. H. Heating strands arranged in parallel in the form of folds are alternately connected at the ends by wide and narrow webs, so that a
- FIG. 1 shows a section through a heating element in the stretched state
- FIG. 2 shows a section through a built-in heating element
- FIG. 3 shows a section perpendicular to the normal flow direction of the air
- FIG. 4 shows an enlarged representation of a region from FIG. 3 with clarification of the heat transfer
- FIG. 6 shows a perspective illustration of a heat exchanger with an attached additional heater
- FIG. 7 shows a section through an installed heating element in the area of an electrical contact
- 8a shows a plan view of a heating element according to the second exemplary embodiment, shown in stretched form
- 8c is a plan view of the insulation layer and heat conducting and protective layer
- FIG. 18 shows a section through a heating element with a folded-over composite in the end regions
- FIG. 19 shows a plan view of a heat exchanger with a heating element, the heating element being fixed to the heat exchanger with the aid of a holding element,
- FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the heat exchanger with heating element and holding element of FIG. 19,
- FIG 21 is a perspective view of the holding element of FIGS. 19 and 20, FIGS. 22a-22h show various examples of the application of a current band, and
- heating elements 4 are a plurality of individual heating elements 4 after soldering from the air outflow side of the heat exchanger in each case inserted between adjacent, protruding fin packs 3, each heating element 4 being U-shaped for this purpose.
- each row of flat tubes 2 is equipped with a heating element 4, but any other variant is also possible, for example that only every second or third row of flat tubes is provided with a heating element, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.
- the heating elements 4 the structure of which is illustrated in FIG. 1, have a heating conductor layer 5, formed by a stainless steel layer, an adhesive layer 6, formed by an adhesive coating of the subsequent insulation layer 7, which is formed from a polyester film, and an adjoining layer Thermally conductive and protective layer 8, which is formed by an aluminum layer.
- the planar composite of the individual layers is produced by means of lamination, which is why the heating element 4 can also be referred to as a laminate.
- a stamping and bending process is provided, during which the heating elements 4 are formed, whereby they have an essentially U-shaped cross section, so that the flanks bear against the protruding rib packs 3 in the installed state.
- the cut can also be on. other than by punching, for example using a laser.
- the electrical circuit and the heat conductor layer are, for example, by means of Recesses selected or designed so that the desired total resistance results in thicknesses from 0.1 to 0.25 mm.
- the insulation layer 7 has a thickness of approximately 25 ⁇ m, so that reliable insulation, but also good heat transfer, is ensured.
- the heat conducting and protective layer 8 has a thickness of approximately 100 ⁇ m, which does not cause any problems in terms of forming technology and is also sufficient with regard to the protective function.
- 3 insertion bevels are provided on the protruding rib packs (see FIG. 2).
- These insertion bevels can be applied, for example, by a shaping process before soldering the radiator block or also afterwards, for which purpose, for example, a special shaping tool is inserted between the respective fin packs 3 in the direction of insertion of the heating elements 4, so that the corners of the individual fin packs 3 are deformed and thereby beveled ,
- the heating element 4 Due to the use of stainless steel, the heating element 4 has a certain spring force when deformed, which is used to keep the heating elements 4 between the rib packs 3 in the largest possible area (non-positive connection).
- the heating conductor layer 5 is arranged on the inside and the heat conducting and protective layer 8 on the outside.
- Figures 3 and 4 show a section through the ribs of the protruding rib packs 3 and a heating element 4 perpendicular to the flow direction of the air.
- the heat flow through the insulation layer 7 and the heat focusing in the heat conducting and protective layer 8 is illustrated by arrows.
- a pulse width modulation method is used for power control, but there are also others
- the individual heating elements 4 are connected according to the first embodiment, as can be seen from Figures 5a to 5d, by means of connecting webs 11 and auxiliary connecting webs 12, so that the heating elements
- FIG. 4 can also be referred to as heating strands of a heating grid 13 " , consisting of a plurality of heating elements 4, connecting webs 11 and auxiliary connecting webs 12.
- FIG. 5a shows a perspective view of the heating grid 13
- FIG. 5b shows an enlarged section, wherein the Direction of insertion, as is also shown in FIGS. 5a and 5c, by an arrow,
- FIG. 5c a section corresponding to FIG. 5b through two heating elements 4 and FIG. 5d a top view of the heating conductor layer 5 of the heating grid 13.
- the arrangement of the heating elements 4 and connecting webs 11 is meandering, whereby on the a connecting web 11 opposite side to increase the strength of the heating grid 13, an auxiliary connecting web 12 is provided, which is cut during or after installation.
- punched-out areas which in the present case are circular, are in the heating conductor layer 5 in provided adjacent to the flat tubes 2 area.
- punch-outs or recesses extending in the longitudinal direction of the heating elements can also be provided.
- the flanks of the heating elements can also have recesses, as shown in FIGS. 13a and 13b using two further exemplary embodiments. According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG.
- the heating element in this case made of stainless steel 1.4301, itself has a meandering structure, as a result of which the resistance of the individual heating element is increased.
- the current flow and thus the heat development is conducted less through the bottom of the U-shaped holding element, so that less heat is introduced into the coolant.
- a polyester-laminated aluminum foil is applied to the heating element.
- a planed and appropriately formed expanded metal structure is provided, in which a special cut of the metal strip material and simultaneous stretching result in diamond-shaped meshes with corresponding webs for the power line.
- the electrical resistance can be set within wide limits.
- FIGS. 13c to 13e show how the path of the current flow can be extended by the arrangement of punched-out areas, for example FIG. 13c shows a high electrical resistance, FIG. 13d shows a medium electrical resistance and FIG. 13e shows a relatively low electrical resistance.
- a gap 21 is provided in the circuit, which gap is bridged by means of a fuse element (in particular a fuse, not shown) which interrupts the circuit " when a predetermined limit temperature is exceeded.
- a temperature-resistant adhesive is provided on the heat exchanger 1 to additionally secure the heating elements 4.
- FIG. 6 shows a heat exchanger 1 with a mounted and electrically contacted additional heater, which is formed by heating elements 4 arranged in a meandering manner.
- contact tabs 31 are provided for a plug contact of a radiator-side plug, not detailed, on a narrow side of the heat exchanger 1.
- the four contact lugs 31 present in the present example are formed in one piece with contact conductors 32 which have contact lugs 33 for contact with the heating elements 4.
- At least two contact conductors 32 are preferably provided, one of which is designed as a ground rail 32a, which also has a plurality of contact tabs 33 in the presence of several heating grids.
- the ground contact conductor 32a has an additional electrically conductive connection 34 as equipotential bonding to the heat exchanger block.
- 7 shows a section through the contact point of contact lug 33 and heating element 4.
- the dimensions of contact lug 33 are matched to the free space in the U-shaped area of heating elements 4.
- This contact lug 33 can have spring elements (not shown
- another contact can also be provided, for example spring tongues, screws or rivets.
- welding, soldering or gluing can also be provided for electrical contacting of the heating grid with the power supply, contact elements, in particular contact plates, being able to be formed in one piece with the heating grid or separately therefrom.
- An example of an alternative contacting in another exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 12.
- the contact tabs can also be attached to the contact conductor, for example by means of a soldered connection, welded connection or crimped or riveted connection.
- the contact conductor can also form a structural unit with elements for fastening to the heat exchanger, for which Ciipse can be provided, for example.
- all contact conductors can be encapsulated by a plastic part, not shown, which holds the individual contact conductors in their relative position, includes clip elements and at the same time forms the housing of a plug.
- FIG. 8a shows the second exemplary embodiment according to which a plurality of individually designed heating elements 4 are correspondingly connected to one another.
- a double-T-shaped stainless steel heating plate is provided as the heating conductor layer 5 (see FIG. 8b), which has a plurality of circular punched-outs which are arranged along the longitudinal axis.
- a rectangular punched or cut insulating and protective film which consists of an insulating layer and a heat conducting and protective layer, is laminated onto this heating circuit board.
- flags 41 are provided, which can be used to form connection areas according to FIG. 12 or connecting webs of heating elements 4 connected in parallel or to form an overheating protection 42, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.
- overheating fuses 42 is particularly useful when no air flows over the heat exchanger 1, no water or water mixture flows through the flat tubes 2, in particular when there is no water in the heat exchanger 1 (radiator) and a very high electrical heating output is required.
- the overheating fuse 42 is in the present case formed by a thermally triggering fuse, the two lugs 41 of adjacent heating elements 4 being soldered to one another by means of a soft solder or a eutectic solder. For this the heating elements 4 are deformed elastically, so that in the event of overheating and an associated loosening of the solder connection, the heating elements 4 deform back again and the tabs 41 come out of contact, as a result of which the circuit is interrupted.
- the limit temperature at which the circuit is interrupted can be determined, in the present case this is around 150 ° C.
- an equilibrium temperature is established at the soldering point, at which the heat loss generated and the heat dissipated to the air flowing past and the heating element are in equilibrium.
- the temperature at the soldering point rises and when the limit temperature is exceeded, the soldering connection is released, ie the overheating fuse 42 responds, so that the electrical auxiliary heating is automatically stopped as a result of the interruption in the circuit , so that overheating of the heating elements 4 or other elements arranged in the area of the heat exchanger 1 or the subsequent air ducts can be avoided.
- FIGS. 11 a and 11 b show how the triggering temperature of the overheating fuse 42 can be set to the desired value by varying the conductive cross section in the area of the solder joint.
- the other connections serve in particular the fixed connection of the individual heating elements 4, so that a heating grid is formed from the individual heating elements 4, corresponding to that of the first exemplary embodiment, but with a parallel connection of two heating elements.
- Such a coherent heating grid is easier to assemble, since individual heating elements do not have to be positioned and contacted.
- parallel connections and series connections of heating elements can be implemented in a simple manner.
- the connection to the electrical contact element can, as shown above or as shown in FIG. 12, be made via soldering points 51, which can simultaneously serve as overheating protection devices.
- the insulation layer 7 is already provided by a self-adhesive coating of an aluminum foil, which forms the heat conducting and protective layer 8.
- a heating element 4 is formed by a current supply layer 5 (first electrode), formed by a steel heating grid, an adhesive layer 6, formed by an adhesive coating of the subsequent polymers -PTC layer 7, which is formed from a polymer PTC material with a defined specific resistance, and an adjoining mass, heat conducting and protective layer 8, which is formed by an aluminum layer (second electrode).
- first electrode current supply layer 5
- second electrode an adhesive layer 6
- an adhesive coating of the subsequent polymers -PTC layer 7 which is formed from a polymer PTC material with a defined specific resistance
- heat conducting and protective layer 8 which is formed by an aluminum layer (second electrode).
- the layer which is the most distant from the fin packs 3 is used only to a limited extent for heat generation, but rather for power supply and distribution, so that the current flows uniformly through the adhesive layer 6 and in particular the polymer PTC layer 7, which serves for heat generation , flows and is discharged via the heat conducting and protective layer 8 (second electrode).
- the adhesive layers must also be sufficiently electrically conductive, which can be achieved, for example, by admixing conductive carbon black or other electrically conductive particles. Other adhesive bonding techniques between the metal layers and the polymer PTC layer are also conceivable. Due to the PTC resistance behavior (positive temperature coefficient) of the polymer PTC layer 7, the heating grid 13 thus formed has sufficient intrinsic safety so that no overheating protection is required. In principle, the construction of all of the previous exemplary embodiments is possible, but the electrical contacting must be adapted to the different conductance behavior.
- the heat exchanger 1 is preferably at the ground potential, as in all of the previous exemplary embodiments.
- FIGS. 14a to 14c show a heating grid formed from individual elements with a series connection of two heating elements connected in parallel in order to adapt the electrical resistance.
- solder joints are provided at the transitions between the individual heating elements as fuses (overheating fuse 42), in principle a single fuse would suffice.
- contact plates are provided at the ends, represented by "+" and the earth symbol in FIG. 14c. Any other interconnections, e.g. the interconnection of all heating elements 4 in series or the parallel connection of all heating elements 4, are possible.
- Heat development and heat input, especially in the temperature-sensitive intermediate polymer layer are limited so that it is not damaged.
- the burning process can ensure a minimum distance between the electrically conductive layers.
- the deburred cutting edges are sealed after deburring (see Fig. 15c).
- the cut edges are provided with an insulating polymer (seal 61), which hardens after application.
- the individual heating elements are then formed and connected to form a heating grid.
- Deburring and sealing can also be the last steps after forming.
- the insulation layer and the heat conducting and protective layer protrude at least in regions over the heating conductor layer, so that a short circuit due to the protruding insulation layer is excluded.
- the heating conductor layer is above the insulation layer and the heat conducting and formed according to the insulation layer
- a seal 61 is preferably provided, as shown in FIG. 16b.
- FIGS. 17a and 17b after lamination, there is a free etching of an area (surrounded by a dashed line in FIG. 17a), in which later a separation takes place by means of punching, as shown in FIG. 17b.
- an area surrounded by a dashed line in FIG. 17a
- the heat conductor layer is removed in a relatively small and limited area, the insulation layer remaining undamaged.
- the width of the area is dimensioned in such a way that it can be ensured that the stamped cut runs in this area and, after the cut has been made, a short circuit is reliably ruled out due to a burr between the two highly electrically conductive layers due to the stamping.
- a heating element 4 consisting of a steel element (heat-conducting element 8) and a composite sealed thereon (heating-conductor layer 5 and insulation layer 7) is provided.
- the end regions 71 of the composite are folded over, the insulation layer 7 being located on the outside, as a result of which the heating conductor layer 5, which is on ground, is covered in these end regions 71.
- the individual heating elements 4 can be fixed to the heat exchanger 1 by means of adhesive, according to a further exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 19 to 21, a plastic holding element 81 is provided for fixing the heating elements 4 to the heat exchanger 1, which is pushed over the heat exchanger 1 and the fixing Via the contact plates 82 of the heating elements 4.
- the contact plates 82 clip into the holding element 81.
- There will also be relief enables the heating elements 4 against pressure and tension, since a large part of the forces are absorbed by the holding element 81.
- electrically well conductive current bands 91 are provided at the ends of the heating elements 4 which are connected to one another in order to reduce the current density in these regions, which serve only insignificantly for heating the fin packs 3.
- the production can take place by means of continuous current bands 91, which are then cut through.
- the current strips 91 in the present case formed by flexible copper strips, can be attached by means of riveting, soldering, gluing, pressing or in some other way, the attachment or insertion taking place before or after the heating elements 4 are bent can.
- An overheating fuse 42 for protection against overheating can be integrated directly in one or both current strips 91. A detailed representation can be seen in FIG. 23c.
- FIG. 22b shows a current band 91 which only partially protrudes between two adjacent heating elements 4, but which represents the only electrical contact between them (application of the current band 91 after the shaping).
- the current band 91 extends all the way into the resulting consequence of the forming groove inside (especially in the case. Of attachment of the strip conductor 91 before forming).
- the individual adjacent heating elements 4 can have overlapping end regions (FIG. 22d), end regions arranged in abutment (FIG. 22e) or end regions spaced apart from one another (FIG. 22f).
- 22g shows a mechanical fixation by reshaping the current band 91, material from the current band 91 being pressed through openings in the heating elements 4.
- FIG. 22h shows a soldered or welded connection of current band 91 and heating elements 4.
- the design of the heating elements 4 corresponds to that shown in FIG. 18, that is to say to a short circuit prevent, the end regions 71 of the composite (aluminum / insulation film) consisting of the heat conductor and insulation layer 5 or 7 are turned over, the insulation layer 7 coming to the outside, as a result of which the heat conductor layer 5, which is on ground, lies in these end regions 71 is covered.
- the current band 91 (copper band) thus only contacts the heat-conducting element 8 (referred to as a steel heating element in FIGS. 22g and 22h).
- overheating fuses 42 designed as fuses are provided, in the present case one for each heating register.
- 23a shows the attachment of a heating register to one of the two contact plates, which is made of spring steel, the attachment already being carried out when the heating register is connected under prestress and with the aid of low-melting solder.
- 23b shows a corresponding configuration of the overheating fuse 42, but in this case directly between two heating registers.
- 23c shows the use of a current band 91 with a targeted reduction in cross-section, which serves as overheating protection 42. At the narrow point, the temperature is greatly increased with a corresponding current flow, so that if the temperature increases too much, this point melts and interrupts the circuit.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10354385 | 2003-11-20 | ||
DE10354384 | 2003-11-20 | ||
DE10356108 | 2003-11-27 | ||
PCT/EP2004/013036 WO2005050101A2 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2004-11-17 | Heat exchanger, especially for a heater or air conditioner of a motor vehicle, and method for the production thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1687572A2 true EP1687572A2 (en) | 2006-08-09 |
EP1687572B1 EP1687572B1 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
Family
ID=34623404
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04797952.1A Not-in-force EP1687572B1 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2004-11-17 | Heat exchanger, especially for a heater or air conditioner of a motor vehicle |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1687572B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2007511412A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102004055523A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005050101A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2947983B1 (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2013-03-15 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | HEATING BAR CONSTITUTING AN ELECTRICAL RADIATOR |
EP2540540A1 (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2013-01-02 | Behr France Rouffach SAS | Radiator with integrated electric additional heating |
EP2685784B1 (en) | 2012-07-11 | 2016-09-14 | MAHLE Behr GmbH & Co. KG | Dispositif de chauffage |
CN106996994B (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2023-12-05 | 昆山迈致治具科技有限公司 | Temperature cycle test bench |
FR3075552B1 (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2022-05-20 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | ELECTRIC HEATER WITH GROUNDING MEANS |
EP3930423B1 (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2023-10-11 | Mahle International GmbH | Heating module for a heating device |
FR3134675B1 (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2024-03-22 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Heating body of an electric radiator |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5180900A (en) * | 1991-04-15 | 1993-01-19 | Tapeswitch Corporation Of America | Electrical resistance element with heat-sensitive disconnect capability |
DE4436791A1 (en) | 1994-10-14 | 1996-04-18 | Behr Gmbh & Co | Radiator for a heating system of a motor vehicle |
US6178292B1 (en) | 1997-02-06 | 2001-01-23 | Denso Corporation | Core unit of heat exchanger having electric heater |
ES2204008T3 (en) | 1998-02-20 | 2004-04-16 | Smart Gmbh | INSTALLATION OF HEATING OR AIR CONDITIONING FOR MOTOR VEHICLES. |
DE19858499A1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2000-06-21 | Behr Gmbh & Co | Heat exchanger has flat tubes on at least one of two narrow sides provided with heating wire in recess and fastened there |
JP4092805B2 (en) | 1999-03-19 | 2008-05-28 | 株式会社デンソー | Air conditioner for vehicles |
DE10025539A1 (en) * | 2000-05-23 | 2001-11-29 | Diehl Ako Stiftung Gmbh & Co | Heating device used for a household appliance, e.g. a washing machine or dishwasher, comprises a ceramic-filled polymer layer arranged between a surface of the appliance to be heated and an electrically conducting heating foil |
-
2004
- 2004-11-17 EP EP04797952.1A patent/EP1687572B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-11-17 JP JP2006540305A patent/JP2007511412A/en active Pending
- 2004-11-17 DE DE102004055523A patent/DE102004055523A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-11-17 WO PCT/EP2004/013036 patent/WO2005050101A2/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2005050101A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2007511412A (en) | 2007-05-10 |
EP1687572B1 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
WO2005050101A3 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
WO2005050101A2 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
DE102004055523A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
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