Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/92—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof
  • A61K8/922—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof of vegetable origin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K8/0216—Solid or semisolid forms
  • A61K8/0229—Sticks
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q15/00—Anti-perspirants or body deodorants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/06—Preparations for styling the hair, e.g. by temporary shaping or colouring
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/12—Preparations containing hair conditioners
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
  • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
  • C11C3/006—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by oxidation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/74—Carboxylates or sulfonates esters of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2093—Esters; Carbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D7/266—Esters or carbonates

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel alkoxylated fatty esters, their uses, and methods of manufacture thereof. More specifically, the present invention is related to ethoxylated monoesters, propoxylated monoesters and ethoxylated/propoxylated esters, wherein the esters are derived from natural products, such as plant and animal oils and waxes.
• natural products such as plant and animal oils and waxes.
• Natural products and their derivatives are increasingly fav ⁇ red in the cosmetics industry since consumers have become more environmentally sensitive. Further, consumers have recognized the value of many unique properties displayed by natural products and their derivatives.
• One common method of producing natural products for the cosmetic industry is to extract an oil or wax from the seed of a plant.
• Oils and waxes are a group of organic substances that form an important and useful part of the cosmetic and other industries. Generally, waxes are solid and oils are liquid at ordinary room temperatures. However, some tropical products, which are liquids in their sites of origin, become solids in cooler climates, often retain the name originally given, e.g., palm oil and coconut oil. Waxes and oils are derived from both plant and animal sources. Chemically most fats and oils are either simple or mixed glyceryl esters of organic acids belonging to the fatty-acid series (triglycerides). Triglycerides are esters formed from glycerol and three fatty acids that may be identical or different from each other.
• oils and waxes contain mixed triglycerides. Waxes are often found as trace components of triglyceride oils or can be extracted in a more pure form from certain botanical and animal sources. Sunflower and corn oils contain natural waxes, while jojoba, carnauba and candelillia are examples of waxes found naturally in a more pure form. Beeswax and lanolin are examples of natural waxes of insect and animal origin.
• waxes range from the liquid, unsaturated jojoba oil to the almost completely saturated sunflower wax.
• various modifications can be introduced into the triglyceride and/or wax ester structure.
• One such modification is the introduction of ethylene oxide (ETO) and/or propylene oxide (PO) units to the hydroxyl function of a hydrolyzed triglyceride or wax ester. It has been found that by controlling the number of units ETO or PO added, various properties such as solubility and melting point can be adjusted in the oil or wax.
• ethoxylates vary in form, depending on the level of ethoxylation. For instance, when a liquid starting material is ethoxylated with approximately 15 moles of ethylene oxide, it may become solid or semi solid at room temperature. Propoxylates, however, are more often liquids because they contain branched polyoxypropylene chains. Branching tends to keep materials fluid.
• Another method of altering the melting points of oils and waxes is to add hydrogen to points of unsaturation within the oil or wax molecule.
• the addition of hydrogen is typically accomplished under several atmospheres of pressure at elevated temperatures and in the presence of metal catalysts, such as nickel or palladium.
• This hydrogenation process can be continued until all points of unsaturation within the oil or wax molecule are saturated with hydrogen, or the reaction can be stopped at some point short of achieving a fully saturated oil or wax.
• the melting point of the oil or wax generally increases as a linear function of the amount of hydrogen that has been added.
• a hydrogenation reaction is said to yield "partially hydrogenated" material when stopped short of achieving a "fully saturated” oil or wax.
• the melting point of these "partially hydrogenated” materials is less than the melting point of the "fully saturated” material and higher than the melting point of the starting oil or wax.
• partial hydrogenation is a means of adjusting the melting point of an oil or wax, this partial hydrogenation process results in the formation of unwanted "trans” isomers.
• These trans isomers have been shown to be harmful in human nutrition and have an inhibitory effect on the natural metabolic pathway whereby prostaglandins are created in the skin.
• alkoxylation is a process whereby the melting points and solubility of various oils and waxes can be modified, there is a need to expand the range of melting points of alkoxylated materials. Partial hydrogenation to achieve a higher melting point is not desirable because of the formation of unwanted trans isomers.
• the present invention is a novel composition that is useful as an ingredient in pharmaceuticals, neutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals.
• the compositions according to the present invention are used in shampoos, hair conditioners, skin conditioners, deodorant sticks, lipsticks, toners, skin cleansers, and the like.
• the compositions according to the present invention may be used as "water soluble" adhesives since their water solubility is greater than traditional, oil based, adhesives, and have sufficient stickiness and tackiness to hold items while in the solid state.
• the composition of the present invention comprises a family of
• compositions that generally have melting points that range from 30-80 °C, preferably with
• the preferred embodiment is solid below 55°C.
• the composition of the present invention is solid below 55°C.
• compositions may be blended with different melting point components within the family to form other products with selected melting points and specific physical properties or feel.
• These compounds whether used pure or when combined with other carrier and vehicle components (including other additives or binders) can form excellent carrier and vehicles for delivery of compositions for use in the cosmetic, personal care and/or pharmaceutical field, including the cosmeceutical field where cosmetic compositions also provide pharmaceutical or other therapeutic benefits.
• Typical materials with which the compound according to the present invention may be blended in accordance with the practice of the present invention include, but are not limited to, cosmetic oils and waxes, both natural and synthetic, including hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated oils, silicon oils, mineral oils, long chain esters, vitamins (especially vitamin E), long chain fatty acids, alcohols, cosmeceuticals, pigments, botanical extracts, esters and ethers, dimers, trimers, oligomers, and polymers, and the like.
• These blended compositions may of course be combined with the active ingredients intended to be delivered by the composition used in the present invention.
• compositions according to the present invention may be blended with other waxes, oils, thickeners, abrasive materials, pigments, and the like to prepare a "water soluble” adhesive wax.
• This "water soluble” adhesive wax finds use in industries where temporary adhesives are needed, especially industries where the adhesives are needed to be soluble enough in water to wash residual adhesive off of attached surfaces.
• the present invention has a partially saturated component.
• Typical alcohol-free fatty compounds are single ester waxes and oils such as jojoba oil, rice bran wax, sunflower wax, candellia wax, beeswax, corn oil wax, and the like.
• the liquid waxes and oils typically contain one or more double bonds (points of unsaturation).
• the partially saturated component of the instant invention is unique in that it has a single carbon-carbon double bond that is a cis isomer, resulting from the partially saturated component being derived from a natural product. This configuration is necessarily present or implicit in some of the processes of manufacture as disclosed herein. However alternate embodiments of the present invention utilize partially saturated compounds. Partial saturation accomplished via partial hydrogenation (an incomplete hydrogenation reaction) yields a quantity of the trans isomer of the carbon-carbon double bond. This is true even if the carbon-carbon double bond is originally in the cis isomer.
• any partially saturated resultant prepared through interesterification will be essentially trans free.
• the present invention allows for the production of fatty compositions with predetermined physical properties, such as melting point and solubility profile. This is important in the cosmetics and other industries where various formulations require components that melt either above or below normal skin or room temperatures or which are soluble in, or compatible with, a wide variety of cosmetic bases.
• the desired melting characteristics of the present invention is accomplished by first adjusting the physical properties of the unsaturated fatty starting materials. This is accomplished by controlling the partial saturation of the unsaturated fatty compound through transesterification. Then, when the partially saturated fatty compound has the desired physical properties (which are not necessarily the same as the physical properties of the final product), the physical properties of the product of this invention may be tuned by varying the degree and composition (ratios) of the alkoxylate reactants. The result is an array of alkoxylated wax esters whose physical properties, such as melting points and solubility, are varied.
• the present invention is a composition that results from the polyalkoxylation of a fatty compound.
• this fatty compound is derived from natural products, where any points of unsaturation are in the cis configuration, and alcohol free.
• the present invention is a composition that results from the addition of (CH 2 CH 2 O) x or (CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O) y to a fully hydrogenated (saturated) alcohol-free fatty compound.
• a caustic catalyst basic conditions
• sodium methoxide (NaOCH 3 ) sodium methoxide
• double bonds in the waxes first are hydrogenated (saturated) to create the fully hydrogenated alcohol-free fatty compound. Then the hydrogenated waxes are saponified. The saponification step also randomizes the naturally occurring composition of the fatty acids and fatty alcohols in the esters. Finally the hydrogenated, saponified, and randomized waxes are alkoxylated, thereby producing compositions according to the present invention.
• fully hydrogenated waxes and unsaturated waxes are first mixed together. This mixture is then saponified, said saponification resulting in the randomization of the fatty acids and fatty alcohols between, and within, the hydrogenated and unsaturated waxes.
• compositions are finally alkoxylated, thereby producing further compositions according to the present invention.
• different amounts of different naturally derived fatty compounds are mixed together and catalytically interesterified and then followed by alkoxylation.
• partially or fully hydrogenated wax esters are mixed with fatty compounds containing unsaturation in the cis isomer form. These mixtures are interesterified and alkoxylated, as described above.
• the physical and chemical properties of the interesterified materials can be adjusted by addition of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, in different combinations and ratios. This would adjust the level and amount of randomized, but un-alkoxylated, cis configuration, interesterified starting material remaining in the final compositions, thereby further adjusting physical and chemical properties of the compositions according to the present invention.
• 150 mole equivalents of the acyl oxide, preferably ethylene oxide is reacted with each mole of fully hydrogenated alcohol-free transesterified fatty compound, hydrogenated jojoba oil, in the caustic conditions noted above.
• Resulting majority products are a combination of polyalkoxylated fatty alcohols (I), polyalkoxylated fatty acids (II), polyalkoxylated diethers (III), polyalkoxylated ethers (IV), and residual unreacted material (V).
• Other polyalkoxylated minority products are possible, even likely, including fully hydrogenated and randomized fatty compounds.
• the preferred composition according to the present invention has the total mole equivalent amount of acyl oxide added to the hydrogenated alcohol free composition, ⁇ molq ;I1 , « 150. ⁇ molq, n may vary from 5 to 400 total mole equivalents and still fall within the scope of the present invention.
• the product compositions of the present invention have been found to have beneficial physical properties, such as melting point, hardness, solubility profile, wettability, adhesion, and the like.
• the preferred composition is moderately soluble in oils and produces a clear solution when mixed with water, at concentrations up to 5%, may create a cloudy mixture at higher concentrations.
• the HLB number of the preferred composition is 9.6, with a penetrometer reading of 0.68 mm when tested at ambient (20°C) temperatures.
• the measured melting point range of the preferred composition is 55-58°C, and the Floratech slip test angle, in a 5% solution, is 17°.
• Example formulations using the product of the present invention are described below.
• This composition lends viscosity and foam stabilization to this conditioning shampoo.
• Chembetaine CGF Cocamidopropyl Betaine Chemron 7.00 GE Silicone SF 1188 Dimethicone Copolyol GE Silicones 0.50 Abil Quat 3272 Quaternium-80 Goldschmidt 0.40 D. Citric Acid (to pH 6.5- Citric Acid Roche 0.10 6.8) Fragrance Fragrance Shaw Mudge 0.50 Co. Sodium Chloride Sodium Chloride Morton Salt 0.50 100.00
• This formula assists in detangling wet hair and leaving a conditioned, glossy shine contributed by use of PEG-150 Hydrogenated Jojoba esters.
• This lotion spreads easily and absorbs quickly into the skin, leaving it smooth, soft, and supple as a result of the use of PEG 150 Hydrogenated Jojoba esters.
• Florasolvs PEG-150 Hydrogenated Jojoba esters may be used essentially by themselves, or in blended with other waxes, oils, thickeners, abrasive materials, pigments, and the like to prepare a "water soluble" adhesive wax.
• These adhesives are an essentially solvent-free water-soluble ester based adhesive.
• the adhesive composition imparts soft handle and hydrophilic/lipophylic properties as well as good resiliency and crease resistance. Further, these adhesives show good compatibility with various resins, and therefore are suitable for shape-memory finishing of cellulose fiber and the like.
• Antioxidants including tocotrienols (compounds homologous to tocopherols that differ by the presence of three unsaturated bonds in the phytyl side chain), and oryzanol (a mixture of ferulic acid esters of sterols, e.g., beta-sitosteryl ferulate and methyl ferulate, and triterpene alcohols, e.g., 24-methylenecycloartyl ferulate; see Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products, 4 th Ed., John Wiley, New York, 1979, volume 1, pages 407 to 409) may be present.
• tocotrienols compounds homologous to tocopherols that differ by the presence of three unsaturated bonds in the phytyl side chain
• oryzanol a mixture of ferulic acid esters of sterols, e.g., beta-sitosteryl ferulate and methyl ferulate, and triterpene alcohols, e.g., 24-m
• Fragrances, colorants e.g., dyes or pigments
• topically applied medications UV absorbers, whitening agents, emulsifying agents, binders, scrubbing particulates, and the like
• Fatty elements used in combination with the present invention can be selected from mineral oils like paraffin or petroleum oils, silicon oils, vegetable oils like coconut, almond, apricot, corn, jojoba, olive, avocado, sesame, palm, eucalyptus, rosemary, lavender, pine, thyme, mint, cardamon, orange blossoms, soy beans, bran, rice, colza, and castor oils, animal oils and fats like tallow, lanolin, butter oil, fatty acid esters, fatty alcohol esters, waxes whose melting point is the same as the skin's (animal waxes like beeswax, botanical waxes such as carnauba or candelilla waxes, mineral waxes like micro-crystalline waxes and synthetic waxes like polyethylene or
• Cosmetically or dermatologically active substances may be added to the composition of the present invention, meaning active ingredients chosen from anti-acne agents, antimicrobial agents, anti-perspiration agents, astringents, deodorants, hair removers, external analgesics, agents for hair conditioning, skin conditioning, sun protection, vitamins, catechines, flavonoids, ceramides, fatty substances, polyunsaturated fatty acids, essential fatty acids, keratolytic agents, enzymes, anti-enzymes, moisteners, anti-inflammatory substances, detergents, perfumes, and mineral substances for synthetic coverings.
• CTFA Cosmetically or dermatologically active substances may be added to the composition of the present invention, meaning active ingredients chosen from anti-acne agents, antimicrobial agents, anti-perspiration agents, astringents, deodorants, hair removers, external analgesics, agents for hair conditioning, skin conditioning, sun protection, vitamins, catechines, flavonoids, ceramides, fatty substances, polyunsaturated fatty
• Detergent or foaming agents may include disodic cocoamphodiacetate salts; lauroylether sulfosuccinate disodic salts; the vegetable protein acylates; the cocoyl gutamate triethanolamine salts; the lauroyl sarcosinate sodium salts; the glucoside decyl-ethers; and the sodium sulfate lauroyl
• Pasty active compounds like lanolin by-products (acetyl lanolin, lanolin, and lanolin alcohols; cholesterol by-products, like cholesterol esters (12 cholesteryl hydroxy stearate); pantaetythritol hydroxylated esters, linear mono-esters like butyl stearate, arachidyl propionate or stearyl heptanoate, and triglycerides with a fatty chain less that C 16 can also be used.
• These substances may be water-soluble, lipid-soluble, or lipid-soluble and water soluble at the same time, or dispersible. They can be chosen from the compounds that are found in the CTFA dictionary at pages 51 to 101.
• Surface active agents cationic, anionic, non-ionic and/or Zwitterionic may be used in combination with the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
• These surface agents can be chosen, for example, from the hydrophilic surface agents, like glycols, such as hexylene glycol, butylene-1,2 glycol, ethyl-2-hexyl sulfosuccinate; oxyethylene octylphenol (and the salts derived from cocoyl and lauroyl collagen, sorbitan palmitate, and the polyoxyethylene byproducts of sorbitol palmitate esters, salts of fatty chain quaternary ammonium.
• glycols such as hexylene glycol, butylene-1,2 glycol, ethyl-2-hexyl sulfosuccinate
• oxyethylene octylphenol and the salts derived from cocoyl and lauroyl collagen, sorbitan palmitate, and the polyoxyethylene byproduct
• Suitable anionic surfactants which may be used include water-soluble alkali metal or ammonium salts having alkyl radicals containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, the term alkyl being used to include the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals.
• suitable synthetic anionic surfactants are sodium or ammonium alkyl sulfates, especially those obtained by sulfating higher (C 8 -C 18 ) alcohols produced, for example, from tallow or coconut oil; alkyl (C 9 -C 2 0) benzene sulfonates, particularly sodium linear secondary alkyl (C 10 -C 15 ) benzene sulfonates; alkyl glyceryl ether sulfates, especially those ethers of the higher alcohols derived from tallow or coconut oil and synthetic alcohols derived from petroleum; coconut oil fatty monoglyceride sulfates and sulfonates; salts of sulfuric acid esters of higher (C 8 -C 18 ) fatty alcohol-alkylene oxide, particularly ethylene oxide reaction products; the reaction products of fatty acids such as coconut fatty acids esterified with isoethionic acid and neutralized with sodium hydroxide; sodium and potassium salts of fatty acid amides of
• the preferred anionic surfactants are sodium or ammonium (C 10 -C 18 ) alkyl sulfates and (C 10 - C 18 ) alkyl polyethoxy (1-11 EO, ethylene oxide) sulfates and mixtures thereof having differing water solubilities .
• Particularly preferred anionic surfactants comprise a mixture of a C 10 -C 18 alkyl sodium or ammonium sulfate or sulfonate or a C 14 -C 18 alpha-olefin sodium or ammonium sulfonate (AOS) and a C 8 -C 12 alkyl polyethoxy (2-4 EO) sodium or ammonium sulfate.
• Mixtures containing a major amount of the alkyl sulfates, olefin sulfonates or alkyl alkoxy sulfates with aryl sulfonates such as sodium cumene sulfonate, sodium xylene sulfonate and sodium benzene sulfonate are also optional.
• the amount of anionic surfactant present in the composition will generally range from about 0 or 1% or 4 to 12% by weight (total ingredients) by weight.
• amphoteric or Zwitterionic surfactant may optionally be present at a level of at least abut 0.1 or at least about 0.25 percent by weight of the total composition, per 1 part by weight of the content of anionic surfactant present in the composition.
• amphoteric surfactants that may be used in combination with the composition of the invention are betaines and compounds that can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight chain or branched and wherein one of the aliphatic substituent contains from abut 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one contains an ionic water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
• makeup or cosmetic compositions comprising the present invention may also contain as an optional ingredient, a film forming skin tightening agent, particularly a plant derived biological polysaccharide cosmetic ingredient that may be combined with a casein hydrolysate.
• the polysaccharides that can be used in the practice of the invention include, for example, lecithin, pectin, karaya gum, locust bean gum, xanthan gum and mixtures thereof.
• the polysaccharides are preferably used in the present compositions in combination with a casein hydrolysate.
• Suitable co-emulsifiers which may be used in combination with compositions according the present invention, are both known w/o (water in oil) and o/w (oil in water) emulsifiers.
• Typical examples of fats are glycerides while suitable waxes include inter alia beeswax, paraffin wax or microwaxes.
• Suitable thickeners are, for example, crosslinked polyacrylic acids and derivatives thereof, polysaccharides, more particularly xanthan gum, guar, agar, alginates and tyloses, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose, also fatty alcohols, monoglycrides and fatty acids, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrolidone.
• biogenic agents are, for example, plant extracts, protein hydroly sates and vitamin complexes.
• Typical film formers are, for example, polyvinyl pyrolidone, vinyl pyrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers, polymers of the acrylic acid series, quaternary cellulose derivatives and similar compounds.
• Suitable preservatives are, for example, formaldehyde solution, p-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid.
• Suitable pearl esters are, for example, glycol distearic acid esters, such as ethylene glycol distearate, and also fatty acids and fatty acid monoglycol esters.
• the dyes used may be selected from many of the substances that are permitted and suitable for cosmetic purposes, as listed for example in the publication "Kosmetician mistakesch" of the Farbstoffkommission der Deutschen pages 81- 106.
• the total percentage content of auxiliaries and additives may be 1 to 50% by weight and may be 5 to 40% by weight, based on the formulation.
• the formulations may be produced in known manner, i.e. for example by hot, cold, hot/cold or PIT emulsification. These are purely mechanical processes that do not involve a chemical reaction.
• the cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical formulations may have a water content of 25 to 95% by weight and preferably 50 to 75% by weight.
• the following list of cosmetic category codes identifies fields of use for the cosmetic compositions and carriers of the present invention. TABLE 1 FDA cosmetic category codes 01. Baby products. A. Baby shampoos B.
• Hair preparations (non-coloring) A. Hair conditioner B. Hair spray (aerosol fixatives) C. Hair straighteners D. Permanent waves E. Rinses (non-coloring) F. Shampoos (non-coloring) G. Tonics, dressings, and other hair grooming aids H. Wave sets I. Spiking gels, pomades and leave-in conditioners J. Other hair preparations
• Hair coloring preparations A. Hair dyes and colors (all types requiring caution statements and patch tests) B. Hair tints C. Hair rinses (coloring) D. Hair shampoos (coloring) E. Hair color sprays (aerosol) F. Hair lighteners with color G. Hair bleaches H. Other hair coloring preparations
• Manicuring preparations A. Basecoats and undercoats B. Cuticle softeners C. Hair creams and lotions D. Nail extenders E. Nail polish and enamel F. Nail polish and enamel removers G. Other manicuring preparations

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