EP1682649A1 - Stossbelastungsresistente tablette - Google Patents
Stossbelastungsresistente tabletteInfo
- Publication number
- EP1682649A1 EP1682649A1 EP04765165A EP04765165A EP1682649A1 EP 1682649 A1 EP1682649 A1 EP 1682649A1 EP 04765165 A EP04765165 A EP 04765165A EP 04765165 A EP04765165 A EP 04765165A EP 1682649 A1 EP1682649 A1 EP 1682649A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- preferred
- tablet
- weight
- tablets
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
- C11D17/0065—Solid detergents containing builders
- C11D17/0073—Tablets
Definitions
- the present invention is in the field of compact moldings having washing and cleaning properties.
- Such detergent tablets comprise, for example, laundry detergent tablets for washing textiles, automatic dishwashing detergent tablets or hard surface cleaning agents, bleach tablets for use in dishwashers or dishwashers, water softening tablets or patch salt tablets.
- the invention relates to detergent tablets which are used for cleaning dishes in a domestic dishwasher and are referred to briefly as detergent tablets or dishwasher tablets.
- Detergent tablets are widely described in the art and are becoming increasingly popular with consumers because of their ease of use. Tableted detergents and cleaners have a number of advantages over powdered ones: they are easier to dose and to handle and, due to their compact structure, have advantages in storage and transport. Also in the patent literature washing and cleaning agent tablets are thus described comprehensively. A problem which occurs again and again in the application of washing and cleaning-active moldings is the too low disintegration and dissolution rate of the moldings under conditions of use. Since sufficiently stable, i.
- Shock-resistant moldings can only be produced by relatively high molding pressures, resulting in a strong compaction of the molding constituents and a consequent delayed disintegration of the molding in the aqueous liquor and thus to a slow release of the active substances in the washing or cleaning process ,
- EP 687 464 (Allphamed Arzneistoff-Gesellschaft) describes effervescent tablets comprising at least one active ingredient or combination of active ingredients, at least one binder, optionally excipients such as flavors, dyes, fragrances, plasticizers, bleaching agents and effervescent additives, propylene glycol or glycerol being used as binders, preferably in amounts of from 0.004 to 2.5% by weight. Also claimed are methods of making these effervescent tablets. According to the statements of this document can be prepared with the teaching of the invention, a detergent effervescent tablet without the binder used would lead to a loss of carbon dioxide in the effervescent additives.
- European Patent Application EP 711 828 (Unilever) describes detergent tablets containing surfactant (s), builder (s) and a polymer which acts as a binding and disintegrating aid.
- the binders disclosed in this document should be solid at room temperature and fed to the premix to be compressed as a melt.
- Preferred binders are the relatively high molecular weight polyethylene glycols.
- the present invention was based on the object, washing or cleaning agent tablets provide that are characterized by short disintegration times for a given hardness and thus can be dosed via the dispensing chamber household washing machines.
- the moldings should have increased stability against shock and impact loads. The corresponding advantages should be achieved regardless of the formulation in order to be able to dispense with expensive pre-assembly steps or the use of expensive tabletting aids only for this purpose.
- the present invention is a tablet of compressed particulate detergent or cleaning agent having on its upper side at least two reinforcing recesses whose horizontal extent is greater than the depth of the tablet surface at the level of the tablet surface.
- a tablet of the invention has a top and a bottom and one or more side surfaces.
- the underside is the area of the tablets which comes in contact with the lower punch of the tablet press during the pressing process, while the upper side is the surface which contacts the upper punch of the tablet press.
- the side surfaces are touched by the walls of the die during the pressing process, with a round or oval tablet having only one side wall (the cylinder jacket surface), whereas polygonal tablets have an equal number of side surfaces in number of corners.
- Preferred in accordance with the invention are rectangular tablets which have four side surfaces. In the special case of the square tablet, all four side surfaces are the same size, while in tablets with rectangular top and bottom only equal to two side surfaces.
- the top of the tablet according to the invention provided with reinforcing recesses, which are hineingegargt in the top.
- the depressions on the tablet top correspond to elevations on the tableting punch (see below).
- the horizontal extent of the reinforcing recesses at the level of the tablet surface is greater than their depth. In other words, the gain pits in the x, y direction on the Level of the tablet top to a greater extent than in the z-direction of the tablet height.
- the horizontal extent of the reinforcing depressions at the level of the tablet surface is 1.01 times to 5 times, preferably 1.02 to 4 times, more preferably 1.0 to 3 times times and in particular from 1, 5 to 2 times the depth of the reinforcement pits.
- a 5 mm deep reinforcement depression has a length or width of more than 5 mm, wherein in preferred tablets the length or width is 5.05 to 25 mm, preferably 5.5 to 20 mm, particularly preferably 5.2 to 15 mm and in particular 5.25 to 10 mm.
- the depth of the reinforcing recesses is correlated with the height of the tablets in order to further optimize the breakage stability (kink stability) of the tablet.
- particularly preferred tablets according to the invention are characterized in that the depth of the reinforcing recesses 0.05 times to 0, 5 times, preferably 0.1 times to 0.4 times and in particular 0.15 times to 0 , 3 times the tablet height.
- the tablets have at least two reinforcing recesses. Depending on the shape of the reinforcing recesses but also more than two wells can be mounted on the top of the molding.
- tablets according to the invention are preferred which have at least 3, preferably at least 4, more preferably at least 5, more preferably at least 6, more preferably at least 7, more preferably at least 8, even more preferably at least 9 and in particular at least 10 reinforcing recesses.
- the reinforcing depressions can be embossed as straight grooves in the molding surface, but they can also be angled or wavy lines or closed outline figures.
- the reinforcing recesses embossed according to the invention are grooves, ie straight lines which run parallel to one another on the surface of the tablet and connect one side of the tablet surface to the opposite side. These lines enclose an angle with the lateral boundary line of the tablet surface. If this is 90 °, the reinforcing recesses are parallel to the tablet width or length. Angles ⁇ 90 ° can be realized by the reinforcing recesses extending obliquely across the tablet surface.
- Preferred tablets according to the invention are characterized in that the reinforcing recesses run parallel to one another and to the tablet width, with an equidistant arrangement of the reinforcing depressions being preferred.
- This parallel arrangement can be realized not only with straight lines, but also with bow-shaped or wave-shaped reinforcing recesses. It is also possible to combine mutually parallel reinforcing recesses which run parallel to the tablet width with further mutually parallel reinforcing recesses which run parallel to the tablet length.
- this "waffle iron structure" in which the intersecting reinforcing recesses enclose an angle of 90 ° with each other, can also be modified to alter the crossing angle, then at least one series of mutually parallel reinforcing recesses does not run parallel to the tablet width.
- Tablets according to the invention in which the reinforcing recesses run parallel to the tablet width and further reinforcing recesses run parallel to the tablet length, with an equidistant arrangement of the reinforcing depressions being preferred, are preferred according to the invention.
- a further preferred arrangement of the reinforcing recesses in the case of tablets according to the invention is that the reinforcing recesses radiate from a common center.
- This arrangement is for example particularly advantageous if the molded body has further recesses, which are used as a cavity or cavity to incorporate therein other ingredients or to insert other tablet ingredients.
- Such well tablets are currently known in the art as dishwashing agents and can be stabilized by the reinforcing recesses according to the invention.
- dishwashing agents are currently known in the art as dishwashing agents and can be stabilized by the reinforcing recesses according to the invention.
- Such an arrangement of the gain pits recalls a sun with the corresponding number of beams, for example four, five, six, seven or eight beams.
- the "sun rays" can be formed not only by straight lines, but also by curved or wavy lines.
- reinforcing recesses Another possibility of arranging the reinforcing recesses is to design them in outline.
- tablets according to the invention are preferred in which the reinforcing depressions have the form of concentrically nested circles or ellipses.
- more complicated forms such as clouds, trees, cups, hands, etc. are considered.
- the reinforcing recesses preferably have a cross section which is semicircular or semi-elliptical or triangular.
- the "cross section" of the reinforcing recesses is the vertical section through the tablet, vertical to the respective reinforcing depression. Accordingly, tablets according to the invention are preferred in which the cross section of the reinforcing recesses is triangular or semicircular.
- the tablet height and the depth of the reinforcing recesses are preferably correlated with each other. In addition to the relative statements mentioned above, absolute details can be made of particularly advantageous embodiments.
- Preferred tablets according to the invention are characterized in that the height of the tablet is 5 to 25 mm, preferably 7 to 22 mm and in particular 10 to 20 mm. Accordingly, the depth of the reinforcing recesses in preferred tablets according to the invention is 0.5 to 10 mm, preferably 0.75 to 8 mm and in particular 1 to 5 mm. The depth of the reinforcing depressions is the lowest point of the respective reinforcing depressions, for example, in the case of v-shaped reinforcing depressions, the triangular tip.
- particulate premixes are compacted in a so-called matrix between two punches to form a solid compressed product.
- This process hereinafter referred to as tabletting, is divided into four sections: dosing, compaction, plastic deformation and ejection.
- the premix is introduced into the die, wherein the filling amount and thus the weight and the shape of the resulting shaped body are determined by the position of the lower punch and the shape of the pressing tool.
- the constant dosage even at high molding throughputs is preferably achieved via a volumetric metering of the premix.
- the upper punch contacts the pre-mix and continues to descend toward the lower punch.
- the particles of the premix are pressed closer to each other, with the void volume within the filling between the punches decreasing continuously. From a certain position of the upper punch (and thus from a certain pressure on the premix) begins the plastic deformation, in which the particles flow together and it comes to the formation of the molding.
- the finished molded body is pushed out of the die by the lower punch and carried away by subsequent transport means. At this time, only the weight of the shaped body is finally determined because the compacts due to physical processes (re-expansion, crystallographic effects, cooling, etc.) can change their shape and size.
- the tabletting is carried out in commercial tablet presses, which can be equipped in principle with single or double punches.
- eccentric tablet presses are preferably used in which the die or punches are attached to an eccentric disc, which in turn is mounted on an axis at a certain rotational speed.
- the movement of these punches is comparable to the operation of a conventional four-stroke engine.
- the compression can be done with a respective upper and lower punch, but it can also be attached more stamp on an eccentric disc, the number of Matrizenbohritch is extended accordingly.
- the throughputs of eccentric presses vary depending on the type of a few hundred to a maximum of 3000 tablets per hour.
- the lower punch is usually not moved during the pressing process. A consequence of this is that the resulting tablet has a hardness gradient, i. harder in the areas closer to the upper punch than in the areas closer to the lower punch.
- rotary tablet presses are selected in which a larger number of dies are arranged in a circle on a so-called die table.
- the number of matrices varies between 6 and 55 depending on the model, although larger matrices are commercially available.
- Each die on the die table is assigned an upper and lower punch, in turn, the pressing pressure can be actively built only by the upper or lower punch, but also by both stamp.
- the die table and the punches move about a common vertical axis, the punches are brought by means of rail-like cam tracks during the circulation in the positions for filling, compression, plastic deformation and ejection.
- these curved paths are supported by additional low-pressure pieces, Nierderzugschienen and lifting tracks.
- the filling of the die via a rigidly arranged supply device, the so-called filling shoe, which is connected to a reservoir for the premix.
- the pressing pressure on the premix is individually adjustable via the compression paths for upper and lower punches, wherein the pressure build-up is done by the Vorbeirollen the stamp shank heads on adjustable pressure rollers.
- Concentric presses can be provided with two Drik to increase the throughput, with the production of a tablet only a semicircle must be traversed.
- several filling shoes are used arranged one behind the other, without the slightly pressed first layer is ejected before further filling.
- suitable process control coat and point tablets can be produced in this way, which have a zwiebelschalenartigen structure, wherein in the case of the point tablets, the top of the core or the core layers is not covered and thus remains visible.
- Even rotary tablet presses can be equipped with single or multiple tools, so that, for example, an outer circle with 50 and an inner circle with 35 holes are used simultaneously for pressing.
- the throughputs of modern rotary tablet presses amount to over one million moldings per hour.
- the tablets can also in the context of the present invention, multi-phase, in particular multi-layered, ausgestalten.
- the moldings can be made in a predetermined spatial form and predetermined size.
- the training as a blackboard the bar or bar shape, cubes, cuboids and corresponding space elements with flat side surfaces and in particular cylindrical configurations with circular or oval cross-section.
- This last embodiment covers the presentation form of the tablet up to compact cylinder pieces with a ratio of height to diameter above 1.
- the spatial form of another embodiment of the moldings is adapted in their dimensions of Ein Schlauerhunt of commercial household washing machines or the dosing of commercial dishwashers, so that the moldings can be metered without dosing directly into the dispenser, where they dissolve during the Ein réellevorgangs, or from where they are released during the cleaning process.
- the detergent tablets After pressing, the detergent tablets have a high stability.
- the breaking strength of cylindrical shaped bodies can be detected by the measurand of the diametric breaking load. This is determinable
- ⁇ is the diametrical fracture stress (DFS) in Pa
- P is the force in N which results in the pressure applied to the molded article causing the breakage of the molded article
- D is the molded article diameter in meters
- t the height of the moldings.
- the upper punch of the tablet press used for production must have corresponding elevations on the reinforcing depressions embossed on the later tablet top side. These elevations are preferably made of wear-resistant materials to increase the service life of the Tablettierstempel. In particular, metals and plastics have proven to be suitable.
- Another object of vorligenden invention is therefore a process for the preparation of tablets from compressed particulate detergent or cleaner by per se known compression of particulate premixes, wherein for pressing an upper punch is used, which has at least two elevations on its pressing surface for pressing reinforcing recesses whose horizontal extent at the plane of the pressing surface is greater than its height.
- the tablet to be pressed usually powdery or fine-grained material is, if not particularly complicated and the production hindering precautions for a special distribution are taken, evenly distributed when filling in the Preßmatrize. This has the consequence that the material must be most compressed at the points where the profile of the embossing element has the highest elevations.
- the material to be pressed tries to avoid the highest pressure peaks by a movement in the direction of the less highly stressed areas, in the areas of the highest profile elevations also the highest specific surface pressures occur.
- the profile of the embossing element consists of a flat surface, for example the base surface which surrounds the elevations for the reinforcing depressions, the highest surface loads are to be expected at the elevations, and at the summit or the highest point.
- the area of the crest the area has only very small angles of inclination with respect to the base plane. By definition, these angles of inclination increase towards the base of the elevations and are greatest at the transition into the surrounding base area.
- the pressing force acts perpendicular to the base plane and the surface element in the center of the dome.
- the pressing force is directed to an increasingly inclined surface, so that the pressing force is divided into a correspondingly smaller, perpendicular to the respective surface element force component and in turn directed perpendicular thereto force component.
- These shear forces act almost tangentially.
- the force components perpendicular to the normal force are a measure of the shear and abrasion forces acting at the interface between the elevations for the reinforcing recesses and the material to be pressed.
- the protrusions for the reinforcing recesses must be made of a very hard, incompressible material.
- the adhesion tendency of the material to be pressed on the surface of the press ram is determined inter alia by the specific surface pressures between the material to be pressed and the stamp surface and by the surface structure. If, for example, the surface of the pressing or tableting punch has friction-reducing or lubricating or sliding-promoting properties, this prevents or at least reduces the sticking tendency.
- the pressing forces are directed perpendicular to the flat base. Since the flat base area represents the lowest height in the profile of the embossing element, the lowest compression of the material to be pressed is given in this area. As a result, lower surface pressures are also to be expected in the region of the base surface than in the area of the upwardly curved elevations for the reinforcing recesses. For these reasons, the material of the base must not be incompressible, especially from the Druckgeomentrie only normal forces are to be expected.
- a tabletting die whose embossing element is designed in the described form, is advantageously anti-adhesion or at least adhesion-reducing. With such a pressing tool long tool life and perfect tablet surfaces can be achieved.
- embossing element of the tabletting punch is not intended to be laterally delimited by the base surface, and this of a substantially uniform, is surrounded by incompressible edge strips, repercussions of the compression and deformation process on the die inner wall are excluded on the compressible base.
- An outwardly sloping beveling of the edge strip thereby advantageously results in a clean material distribution in the die and a stabilization of the tablet structure.
- the embossing element consists of several individual parts.
- the scope and cutting of the items are oriented to the different materials or material requirements.
- the individual production of the elevations for the reinforcing recesses of incompressible and on the outer surface at least adhesion-reducing coated material, a plate-shaped element of walkbarem material for the base and an annular element of incompressible material for the edge strip is an advantageous distinction for the design of the items that because of their different materials.
- the coating of the elevations for the reinforcing recesses must be both hard and resistant to high surface loads, but on the other hand also have a friction-reducing or lubricating property.
- nickei Vietnamese surface coatings have been found to be very suitable, in which finest PTFE particles (Teflon) are included. These give the coating anti-adhesion and material-seizure-preventing properties.
- an embodiment for the adhesion-reducing coating in which the base coating material consists of a nickel-phosphorus alloy instead of nickel, has also proved to be suitable.
- the surface coating with at least adhesion-reducing effect has proven itself.
- the surface of the pin is coated with a graphite layer, which are known as lubricating or slide-promoting, and here also serves as a binder for fixing diamond particles, which in turn give the surface the required hardness.
- the at least adhesion-reducing coating consists essentially of carbon.
- plastics As an alternative to metals, which may need to be coated, it is also possible to use plastics as materials for the elevations in the upper punch which characterize the reinforcing recesses. By producing the elevations of plastic materials can be produced Tablettierstkov that also realize complicated geometries.
- plastics characterizes materials whose essential constituents consist of such macromolecular organic compounds which are produced synthetically or by modification of natural products and are in many cases meltable and formable under certain conditions (heat and pressure) Plastics are thus in principle organic polymers and can be classified either according to their physical properties (thermoplastics, thermosets and elastomers), the nature of the reaction of their preparation (polymers, polycondensates and polyadducts) or according to their chemical nature (polyolefins, polyesters, polyamides, polyols). urethanes, etc.).
- the elevations in the upper punch represent elevations on the embossing element of the tableting punch in the context of the present invention.
- the surface on which the elevations in the upper punch, which emboss the reinforcing depressions, are applied can also assume different shapes, from the flat, flat surface to hemispherical configurations a variety of ways is conceivable. In the context of the present invention, on the one hand, it is preferred that the surface on which the elevations in the upper punch, which emboss the reinforcing recesses, sit, plane, i. is just.
- the base on which the elevations in the upper punch, which shape the reinforcing recesses sitting made of plastic, so that Tablettierstempel are preferred in which the elevations in the upper punch, which shape the reinforcing recesses and the flat base are made of plastic.
- the material of the elevations in the upper punch which characterize the reinforcing recesses, is harder than that of the base surface.
- the term "hardness” is used to denote the resistance that a solid has to the penetration of another body.
- the Rockwell hardness (HR) suitable for higher degrees of hardness either a diamond cone (HRC) or steel balls of different diameters (HRB) are pressed into the material.
- HRC diamond cone
- HRB steel balls of different diameters
- HV Vickers hardness
- the hardness is defined as the load in relation to the impression surface (N / mm 2 ).
- the impressions are very small, so that one can also determine the hardness of very thin layers.
- this also applies to the Knoop hardness (HK), in the determination of which a diamond pyramid with a rhombic ground plan is used.
- the diameter of a ball impression which was generated by impact with the hand hammer (Poldihammer, scleroscope) or by a tensioned spring, serves as a basis for calculation.
- Another dynamic method of determining hardness is the return method.
- the Shore hardness determined in this way is determined in the case of steel by the ball impact test as rebound hardness or, in the case of rubber and other elastomers, as penetration resistance against a truncated cone.
- the ball hardness is measured as the quotient of the test load and the surface of the impression of a steel ball (5 mm diameter) after 10, 30 or 60 seconds under load.
- the elevations in the upper punch consist of a harder plastic than the base.
- Hard plastics in particular meet the requirement profile, the elevations in the upper punch, which characterize the reinforcing recesses, at the same time be hard and resistant to high surface loads, but on the other hand must also have a friction-reducing or lubricating property.
- plastic materials for the elevations in the upper punch, which characterize the reinforcing recesses in particular polyolefins, preferably polyethylene or polypropylene, have proven themselves.
- Polyethylene (PE) are polymers belonging to the polyolefins with groupings of the type
- Polyethylenes are made by polymerizing ethylene according to two fundamentally different methods, the high pressure and the low pressure process.
- the resulting products are accordingly often referred to as high pressure polyethylene and low pressure polyethylene, respectively; they differ mainly in their degree of branching and, consequently, in their degree of crystallinity and their density. Both methods can be carried out as solution polymerization, emulsion polymerization or gas phase polymerization.
- HMW-LDPE high molecular weight
- the macromolecules of the polyethylenes from low-pressure process are largely linear and unbranched.
- These polyethylenes (HDPE) have degrees of crystallinity of 60-80% and a density of about 0.94-0.965 g / cm 3 . They are particularly suitable as Mmaterialien for the elevations in the upper punch, which shape the reinforcing recesses.
- Polypropylene are thermoplastic polymers of propylene with repeat units of the type
- Polypropylenes can be prepared by stereospecific polymerization of propylene in the gas phase or in suspension to give highly crystalline isotactic or less crystalline syndiotactic or amorphous atactic polypropylenes, respectively. Of particular technical importance is the isotactic polypropylene, in which all methyl groups are located on one side of the polymer chain. Polypropylene is characterized by high hardness, resilience, stiffness and heat resistance and is in the context of the present invention thus a ideal material for the elevations in the upper punch, which characterize the reinforcing recesses.
- polyamides in the context of the present invention are preferably materials which can be used for the elevations in the upper punch, which emboss the reinforcing depressions.
- Polyamides are high molecular weight compounds consisting of building blocks linked by peptide bonds. The synthet.
- Polyamides (PA) are, with a few exceptions, thermoplastic, chain-like polymers with recurring acid amide groups in the main chain. According to the chemical structure, the so-called homopolyamides can be divided into two groups: the aminocarboxylic acid types (AS) and the diamine-dicarboxylic acid types (AA-SS); where A is amino groups and S is carboxy groups.
- the former are formed from one building block by polycondensation (amino acid) or polymerization ( ⁇ -lactam), the latter from two building blocks by polycondensation (diamine and dicarboxylic acid).
- the polyamides are coded from unbranched aliphatic building blocks according to the number of carbon atoms.
- PA 6 is the polyamide constructed from ⁇ -aminocaproic acid or ⁇ -caprolactam
- PA 12 is a poly ( ⁇ -laurolactam) from ⁇ -laurolactam.
- PA 66 polyhexamethylene adipamide
- PA 610 polyhexamethylenesebacinamide
- PA 612 polyhexamethylenedodecanamide
- the polyamide types mentioned are preferred materials for the elevations in the upper punch which emboss the reinforcing recesses.
- Polyurethanes are polymers (polyadducts) which can be obtained by polyaddition from dihydric and higher alcohols and isocyanates with groupings of the type
- R 1 stands for a low molecular weight or polymeric diol residue and R 2 stands for an aliphatic or aromatic group.
- the plastics mentioned can be used alone as materials for the elevations in the upper punch, which characterize the reinforcing recesses, but they can also be provided with coatings or laminations of metals or other materials.
- Glass reinforced plastics are composites of a combination of a matrix of polymers and glass fibers acting as amplifiers.
- the glass materials used for fiber reinforcement are present in the GRP as fibers, yarns, rovings (glass fiber strands), nonwovens, fabrics or mats.
- thermosets such as, for example, epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, phenolic and furan resins
- thermoplastics such as, for example, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyacetals, polyphenylene oxides and sulfides, polypropylenes and styrene copolymers
- the weight ratio between the reinforcing material and the polymer matrix is usually in the range from 10:90 to 65:35, with the strength properties of the GRP generally increasing to an amplifier content of about 40% by weight.
- the manufacture of the GRP is predominantly in compression molding; Further important manufacturing processes are hand lamination, fiber spraying, continuous impregnation, winding and spin coating processes.
- prepregs preimpregnated with fiberglass fiber materials, which are cured under application of pressure in the heat.
- the GFK are distinguished from the non-reinforced matrix polymers by increased tensile, flexural and compressive strength, impact strength, dimensional stability and stability to the influence of heat, acids, salts, gases or solvents.
- glass-fiber-reinforced polyterafluoroethylene and glass-fiber-reinforced polyamides have proven to be the materials of the elevations in the upper punch which characterize the reinforcing recesses.
- plastics that are softer than the plastics used for the construction of the elevations in the upper punch, which characterize the reinforcing recesses.
- these plastics can come from the same or from different groups, as long as the condition of hardness or softness is met.
- adhesion-preventing or at least adhesion or adhesion-reducing effect of the walkable material for the formation of the base area has been described above. Experiments have shown that, for example, with the polyuretane Material Vulkollan or the PVC material Mipolam very good results could be achieved. Over use times of several thousand pressures, no adhesion to the base material was found.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to produce moldings of the most varied compositions, the process according to the invention in particular minimizing the problems in the production and use of detergent tablets for machine dishwashing. These detergent tablets usually contain only minor amounts of surfactants.
- Detergent tablets are usually prepared by blending surfactant granules with conditioning components and then compressing this particulate premix.
- Preferred variants of the process according to the invention are therefore characterized in that the particulate premix contains surfactant-containing granules (e) and has a bulk density of at least 500 g / l, preferably at least 600 g / l and in particular at least 700 g / l.
- preferred methods therefore include the compression of a particulate premix of at least one surfactant-containing granules and at least one admixed pulverulent component.
- the preparation of the surfactant-containing granules can be carried out by conventional industrial granulation processes such as compaction, extrusion, mixer granulation, pelleting or fluidized bed granulation.
- the surfactant-containing granules satisfies certain particle size criteria in preferred process variants.
- preferred processes according to the invention are those in which the surfactant-containing granules have particle sizes between 100 and 2000 ⁇ m, preferably between 200 and 1800 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 400 and 1600 ⁇ m and in particular between 600 and 1400 ⁇ m.
- the surfactant granules preferably also contain excipients, which more preferably originate from the group of builders.
- the surfactant-containing granules contain anionic and / or nonionic surfactants and builders and have total surfactant contents of at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 15% by weight and in particular at least 20% by weight.
- These surfactants come from the group of anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic or cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants are clearly preferred for economic reasons and because of their power spectrum.
- anionic surfactants for example, those of the sulfonate type and sulfates are used.
- Suitable surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C 9-13 -Alkylbenzolsul- sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkane sulfonates, and the disulfonates obtained, for example, from C 12-i 8 monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation obtained.
- alkanesulfonates which are obtained from C 12-18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization.
- esters of ⁇ -sulfo fatty acids for example, the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or Taigfettcicren are suitable.
- sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are to be understood as meaning the mono-, di- and triesters and mixtures thereof, as obtained in the preparation by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol.
- Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.
- Alk (en) ylsulfates are the alkali metal salts and, in particular, the sodium salts of the sulfuric monoesters of C 12 -C 18 fatty alcohols, for example coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C 10 -C 20 oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of these chain lengths are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) ylsulfates of said chain length, which contain a synthetic, produced on a petrochemical basis straight-chain alkyl radical, which have an analogous degradation behavior as the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials.
- C 12 -C 16 alkyl sulfates and C 2 -C 15 - alkyl sulfates and C 14 -C 15 alkyl sulfates are preferred.
- 2,3-alkyl sulfates which are produced for example in accordance with US Patent No. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from Shell Oil Company under the name DAN ®, are suitable anionic surfactants.
- the sulfuric monoesters of ethoxylated with 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide straight-chain or branched C 7-2 ⁇ -alcohols such as 2-methyl-branched C g . ⁇ alcohols with an average of 3.5 Mol of ethylene oxide (EO) or C 2 . 18 fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Due to their high foaming behavior, they are only used in detergents in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of from 1 to 5% by weight.
- Suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and the monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- alcohols preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C 8- 8 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these.
- Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves constitute nonionic surfactants (see description below).
- Sulfosuccinates whose fatty alcohol residues are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are again particularly preferred.
- alk (en) ylsuccinic acid having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the Al k (en) yl chain or salts thereof.
- anionic surfactants are particularly soaps into consideration.
- Suitable are saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular of natural fatty acids, e.g. Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.
- the anionic surfactants may be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
- the anionic surfactants are preferably present in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts.
- surfactant granules containing from 5 to 50% by weight, preferably from 7.5 to 40% by weight and in particular from 10 to 30% by weight of anionic surfactant (s), in each case based on the granules ,
- anionic surfactants that are used, the freedom from formulation no obstacle to be observed in the way.
- preferred surfactant granules have a content of soap which exceeds 0.2% by weight, based on the total weight of the detergent tablets prepared in step d).
- Preferred anionic surfactants to be used are the alkylbenzenesulfonates and fatty alcohol sulfates, with preferred detergent tablets having from 2 to 20% by weight, preferably from 2.5 to 15% by weight and in particular from 5 to 10% by weight of fatty alcohol sulfate (e), in each case based on the weight of the detergent tablets.
- the tablets according to the invention are formulated as automatic dishwashing agents, they preferably contain only minor amounts of anionic surfactants, but mainly nonionic surfactants.
- nonionic surfactants are preferably used alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, especially primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol in which the alcohol radical is linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position may contain or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten.
- alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are preferred.
- Examples of preferred ethoxylated alcohols include C 12 -alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9 . ⁇ alcohol containing 7 EO, C 13-15 alcohols containing 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C12-18 alcohols containing 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of C 12 -14- alcohol with 3 EO and C 12-18 -alcohol with 5 EO.
- the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical means which, for a particular product, may be an integer or a fractional number.
- Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow rank ethoxylates, NRE).
- fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples of these are tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
- nonionic surfactants and alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x can be used in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, especially in the 2-position methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G is the symbol which represents a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose.
- the degree of oligomerization x which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is an arbitrary number between 1 and 10; preferably x is 1.2 to 1.4.
- nonionic surfactants used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.
- nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylaminoxid, and the fatty acid alkanolamides may be suitable.
- the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half thereof.
- surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula
- RCO is an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms
- R ⁇ is hydrogen
- [Z] is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
- the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula
- R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 1 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 2 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, with C 1-4 alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated Derivatives of this residue.
- [Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- a reduced sugar for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
- Low-foaming nonionic surfactants are used as preferred surfactants.
- the machine dishwashing detergents according to the invention contain nonionic surfactants, in particular nonionic surfactants from the group of the alkoxylated alcohols.
- the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary, alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in 2-position or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture can contain, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten.
- EO ethylene oxide
- alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are preferred.
- Preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, 12 C i 4 alcohols containing 3 EO or 4 EO, C9-11 alcohol containing 7 EO, C 13-15 alcohols containing 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12 . 18- alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C 12 - ⁇ -alcohol with 3 EO and C-
- the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical means which, for a particular product, may be an integer or a fractional number.
- Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow rank ethoxylates, NRE).
- fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples of these are tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
- compositions according to the invention which comprise a nonionic surfactant which has a melting point above room temperature.
- preferred dishwashing detergents are characterized in that they contain nonionic surfactant (s) having a melting point above 20 ° C., preferably above 25 ° C., more preferably between 25 and 60 ° C. and in particular between 26.6 and 43, 3 ° C, included.
- Suitable nonionic surfactants which have melting or softening points in the temperature range mentioned are, for example, low-foaming nonionic surfactants which may be solid or highly viscous at room temperature. If highly viscous nonionic surfactants are used at room temperature, it is preferred that they have a viscosity above 20 Pas, preferably above 35 Pas and in particular above 40 Pas. Nonionic surfactants which have waxy consistency at room temperature are also preferred.
- Preferred nonionic surfactants to be used at room temperature are from the groups of the alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, in particular the ethoxylated primary alcohols, and mixtures of these surfactants with structurally complicated surfactants such as Polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene (PO / EO / PO) surfactants.
- Such (PO / EO / PO) nonionic surfactants are also distinguished by good foam control.
- the nonionic surfactant having a melting point above room temperature is an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant consisting of the reaction of a monohydroxyalkanol or alkylphenol having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably at least 12 mol, more preferably at least 15 mol, especially at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol or alkylphenol emerged.
- a particularly preferred room temperature solid nonionic surfactant is selected from a straight chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms (C 16-2 o-alcohol), preferably a C 18 alcohol and at least 12 moles, preferably at least 15 moles and especially at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide won.
- C 16-2 o-alcohol a straight chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms
- C 18 alcohol preferably a C 18 alcohol and at least 12 moles, preferably at least 15 moles and especially at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide won.
- the so-called “narrow rank ethoxylates" are particularly preferred.
- particularly preferred dishwashing agents of the invention contain ethoxylated nonionic surfactant (s) consisting of C 6-20 monohydroxyalkanols or C 6 . 20- alkylphenols or C 16-2 o-fatty alcohols and more than 12 moles, preferably more than 15 moles and in particular more than 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol was won (n).
- ethoxylated nonionic surfactant consisting of C 6-20 monohydroxyalkanols or C 6 . 20- alkylphenols or C 16-2 o-fatty alcohols and more than 12 moles, preferably more than 15 moles and in particular more than 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol was won (n).
- the nonionic surfactant solid at room temperature preferably additionally has propylene oxide units in the molecule.
- such PO units make up to 25 wt .-%, more preferably up to 20 wt .-% and in particular up to 15 wt .-% of the total molecular weight of the nonionic surfactant from.
- Particularly preferred nonionic surfactants are ethoxylated monohydroxyalkanols or alkylphenols which additionally have polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer units.
- the alcohol or alkylphenol part of such nonionic surfactant molecules preferably constitutes more than 30% by weight, more preferably more than 50% by weight and in particular more than 70% by weight of the total molecular weight of such nonionic surfactants.
- Preferred dishwashing detergents are characterized in that they contain ethoxylated and propoxylated nonionic surfactants in which the propylene oxide units in the molecule contain up to 25% by weight, preferably up to 20% by weight and in particular up to 15% by weight of the total molecular weight of the nonionic Surfactants are included.
- More particularly preferred nonionic surfactants having melting points above room temperature contain from 40 to 70% of a polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer blend containing 75% by weight of a reverse block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with 17 moles of ethylene oxide and 44 moles of propylene oxide and 25% by weight.
- -% one Block copolymers of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene initiated with trimethylolpropane and containing 24 moles of ethylene oxide and 99 moles of propylene oxide per mole of trimethylolpropane.
- Nonionic surfactants that may be used with particular preference are available, for example under the name Poly Tergent ® SLF-18 from Olin Chemicals.
- a further preferred dishwashing detergent according to the invention contains nonionic surfactants of the formula (VI)
- R 1 is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 18 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof
- R 2 denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof and x for values between 0.5 and 1, 5 and y is a value of at least 15.
- nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula
- R 1 and R 2 are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- R 3 is H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n- Butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical
- x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5. If the value x ⁇ 2, each R 3 in the above formula may be different.
- R 1 and R 2 are preferably linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, with radicals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms being particularly preferred.
- R 3 H, -CH 3 or -CH 2 CH 3 are particularly preferred.
- Particularly preferred values for x are in the range from 1 to 20, in particular from 6 to 15.
- each R 3 in the above formula may be different if x ⁇ 2.
- the alkylene oxide unit in the square bracket can be varied.
- the value 3 for x has been chosen here as an example and may be larger, with the range of variation increasing with increasing x-values and including, for example, a large number of (EO) groups combined with a small number of (PO) groups, or vice versa.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as defined above and x is from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18. Particularly preferred are surfactants in which the radicals R 1 and R 2 has 9 to 14 C atoms, R 3 is H and x assumes values of 6 to 15.
- dishwashing agents according to the invention are preferred, the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula
- R 1 and R 2 are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- R 3 is H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl
- x is n-butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl
- x are values between 1 and 30
- k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5
- x is from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and especially from 6 to 18, are particularly preferred.
- nonionic surfactants have been low foaming nonionic surfactants which have alternating ethylene oxide and alkylene oxide units.
- surfactants with EO-AO-EO-AO blocks are preferred, wherein in each case one to ten EO or AO groups are bonded to each other before a block of the other groups follows.
- Machine dishwashing agents according to the invention which contain surfactants of the general formula VII as nonionic surfactant (s) are preferred here R 1 -O- (CH 2 -CH 2 -O) w - (CH 2 -CH (R 2 ) -O) x - (CH 2 -CH 2 -O) y - (CH 2 -CH (R 3 ) -0) z -H (VII)
- R 1 is a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C 6 .
- the preferred nonionic surfactants of formula VII can be prepared by known methods from the corresponding alcohols R 1 -OH and ethylene or alkylene oxide.
- the radical R 1 in formula X above may vary depending on the origin of the alcohol. When native sources are used, the radical R 1 has an even number of carbon atoms and is usually undisplayed, the linear radicals being selected from alcohols of native origin having 12 to 18 C atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or Oleyl alcohol, are preferred.
- Alcohols which are accessible from synthetic sources are, for example, the Guerbet alcohols or methyl-branched or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the 2-position, as they are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
- R 1 in formula VII is an alkyl radical having 6 to 24, preferably 8 to 20, particularly preferably 9 to 15 and in particular 9 to 11 carbon atoms.
- alkylene oxide unit which is contained in the preferred nonionic surfactants in alternation with the ethylene oxide unit, in particular butylene oxide is considered in addition to propylene oxide.
- R 2 or R 3 are independently selected from - CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 or CH (CH 3 ) 2 are suitable.
- Preferred automatic dishwashing agents are characterized in that R 2 and R 3 are each a residue -CH 3 , w and x independently of one another for values of 3 or 4 and y and z independently of one another represent values of 1 or 2.
- nonionic surfactants which have a C 9-15 -alkyl radical having 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units, followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units, followed by 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units, followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units.
- These surfactants have the required low viscosity in aqueous solution and can be used according to the invention with particular preference.
- nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula (VIII) R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x R 2 (VIII)
- R 1 represents linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which preferably between 1 and have 5 hydroxy groups and are preferably further functionalized with an ether group
- R 3 is H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2- Butyl radical, x for values between 1 and 40.
- R 3 is H.
- R 1 is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 4 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 2 is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which preferably have between 1 and 5 hydroxyl groups and x stands for values between 1 and 40.
- R 1 which is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, furthermore a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical with 1 have up to 30 carbon atoms R 2 , which is a monohydroxylated intermediate group - CH 2 CH (OH) - adjacent.
- R 2 which is a monohydroxylated intermediate group - CH 2 CH (OH) - adjacent.
- Such end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants can be prepared for example by reacting a terminal epoxide of formula R 2 CH (0) CH 2 with an ethoxylated alcohol of the formula R 1 0 [CH 2 CH 2 0] x-1 CH 2 CH 2 0H.
- the stated C chain lengths and degrees of ethoxylation or degrees of alkoxylation of the abovementioned nonionic surfactants represent statistical mean values which, for a specific product, may be an integer or a fractional number.
- alkyl polyglycosides Another class of nonionic surfactants that can be used to advantage are the alkyl polyglycosides (APG).
- APG alkyl polyglycosides
- Usable Alkypolyglycoside meet the general formula RO (G) z , in which R is a linear or branched, especially in the 2-position methyl branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G is the Is a symbol which represents a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose.
- the glycosidation degree z is between 1, 0 and 4.0, preferably between 1, 0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1, 1 and 1, 4.
- linear alkyl polyglucosides that is to say alkyl polyglycosides in which the polyglycosyl radical is a glucose radical and the alkyl radical is an n-alkyl radical.
- the surfactant granules may preferably contain alkylpolyglycosides, with contents of APG of more than 0.2% by weight, based on the total molding, being preferred.
- Particularly preferred detergent tablets contain APG in amounts of from 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 5% by weight and in particular from 0.5 to 3% by weight.
- Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides may also be suitable.
- the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half thereof.
- anionic or nonionic surfactants or mixtures of these classes of surfactants and optionally amphoteric or cationic surfactants are used in the surfactant granules
- processes according to the invention are preferred in which the surfactant content of the surfactant-containing granules 5 to 60 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 50 wt. -% and in particular 15 to 40 wt .-%, each based on the surfactant granules is.
- the surfactant granules can be used in the detergent tablets in varying amounts. Processes according to the invention in which the proportion of surfactant-containing granules in the washing and cleaning agent tablets is 40 to 95% by weight, preferably 45% to 85 wt .-% and in particular 55 to 75 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the detergent tablets, are thereby preferred. As already mentioned above, automatic dishwashing detergent tablets usually contain only small quantities of surfactants, so that the above information does not apply to this class of detergent tablets.
- builders are the most important ingredients of detergents and cleaners.
- surfactant granules or where no Tensidgranulate be used as part of the premix all commonly used in detergents and cleaning agents builders may be included, especially zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and - where there are no ecological prejudices against their use - also the phosphates.
- Suitable crystalline, layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi x 0 2x + 1 'H 2 O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1, 9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4 are.
- Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M is sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3.
- both ß- and ⁇ -sodium disilicates Na 2 Si 2 0 5 'yH 2 0 are preferred.
- amorphous sodium silicates with a Na 2 O: SiO 2 modulus of from 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, which Delayed and have secondary washing properties.
- the dissolution delay compared with conventional amorphous sodium silicates may have been caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compaction / densification or by overdrying.
- the term "amorphous” is also understood to mean "X-ray amorphous”.
- the silicates do not yield sharp X-ray reflections typical of crystalline substances in X-ray diffraction experiments, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays having a width of several degrees of diffraction angle. However, it may well even lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles provide blurred or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline regions of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values of up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates also have a dissolution delay compared with the conventional water glasses.
- compacted / compacted amorphous silicates particularly preferred are compacted / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and overdried X-ray amorphous silicates.
- Detergents and cleaning agents which are preferred in the context of the present invention are characterized in that these silicates (e), preferably alkali metal silicates, particularly preferably crystalline or amorphous alkali disilicates, are present in amounts of from 10 to 60% by weight, preferably from 15 to 50% by weight. % and in particular from 20 to 40 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the detergent or cleaning agent.
- these compositions preferably comprise at least one crystalline, layered silicate of the general formula NaMSi x 0 2x + 1 'y H 2 0 wherein M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1, 9 to 22 , preferably from 1, 9 to 4, and y is a number from 0 to 33.
- the crystalline layer-form silicates of the formula (I) are obtained, for example, from the company Clariant GmbH
- Na-SKS eg Na-SKS-1 (Na 2 Si 2 2 ⁇ 4 5 - ⁇ H 2 O, kenyaite), Na-SKS-2 (Na 2 Si 14 O 2 g-xH 2 O, magadiite), Na -SKS-3 (Na 2 Si 8 O 17 -H 2 O) or Na-SKS
- Na-SKS-5 ( ⁇ -Na 2 Si 2 O 5 ), Na-SKS-7 ( ⁇ -Na 2 Si 2 O 5 , natrosilite), Na-SKS-9 (NaHSi 2 O 5 H 2 O), Na -
- preferred automatic dishwashing detergents or dishwashing assistants have a weight fraction of the crystalline layered silicate of the formula (I) of from 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 15% by weight and in particular from 0, 4 to 10 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of these agents on.
- Particular preference is given in particular to those automatic dishwasher detergents which have a total silicate content of less than 7% by weight, preferably less than 6% by weight, preferably less
- silicate of the general formula NaMSi x 0 2x + 1 'y H 2 0 is.
- the finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite used is preferably zeolite A and / or P.
- zeolite P zeolite MAP® (commercial product from Crosfield) is particularly preferred.
- zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P are also suitable, however, are zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P.
- Commercially available and preferably usable in the context of the present invention is, for example, a cocrystal of zeolite X and zeolite A (about 80% by weight of zeolite X) ), which is marketed by CONDEA Augusta SpA under the trade name AX VEGOBOND ® and by the formula n Na 2 0 ⁇ (1-n) K 2 0 ⁇ ⁇ Al 2 0 3 (2 to 2.5) Si0 2 ⁇ ( 3.5-5.5) H 2 O
- the zeolite can be used both as a builder in a granular compound, as well as to a kind of "powdering" of the entire mixture to be pressed, usually both ways for incorporating the zeolite are used in the premix.
- Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m (volume distribution, measuring method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.
- additional zeolite may be incorporated into the premix by adding zeolite as a conditioning component.
- the finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite used is preferably a zeolite of type A, P, X or Y.
- zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P are also suitable.
- Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m (volume distribution, measuring method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22 wt .-%, in particular 20 to 22 wt .-% of bound water.
- phosphates as builders are possible, unless such use should not be avoided for environmental reasons. This applies in particular to the use of agents according to the invention as automatic dishwasher detergents, which is particularly preferred in the context of the present application.
- agents according to the invention as automatic dishwasher detergents, which is particularly preferred in the context of the present application.
- the alkali metal phosphates with a particular preference for pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate), have the greatest importance in the washing and cleaning agent industry.
- Alkalimetallphosphate is the summary term for the alkali metal (especially sodium and potassium) salts of various phosphoric acids in which metaphosphoric acids (HP0 3 ) ⁇ and orthophosphoric H 3 P0 4 in addition to high molecular weight Can distinguish representatives.
- the phosphates combine several advantages: they act as alkali carriers, prevent lime deposits on machine parts or lime incrustations in fabrics and also contribute to the cleaning performance.
- Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, NaH 2 P0 4 exists as dihydrate (density 1, 91 like “3 , melting point 60 °) and as monohydrate (density 2.04 like “ 3 ). Both salts are white powders which are very slightly soluble in water and which lose the water of crystallization on heating and at 200 ° C into the weak acid diphosphate (disodium hydrogen diphosphate, Na 2 H 2 P 2 0), at higher temperature in sodium trimetaphosphate (Na 3 P 3 0 9 ) and Maddrell's salt (see below).
- NaH 2 P0 4 is acidic; It arises when phosphoric acid is adjusted to a pH of 4.5 with sodium hydroxide solution and the mash is sprayed.
- Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (potassium phosphate primary or monobasic phosphate, potassium biphosphate, KDP), KH 2 P0 4 , is a white salt of density 2.33 "3 , has a melting point of 253 ° [decomposition to form potassium polyphosphate (KP0 3 ) J and is readily soluble in water.
- Disodium hydrogen phosphate (secondary sodium phosphate), Na 2 HPO 4 , is a colorless, very slightly water-soluble crystalline salt. It exists anhydrous and with 2 moles (density 2.066 like “3 , water loss at 95 °), 7 moles (density 1, 68 like “ 3 , melting point 48 ° with loss of 5 H 2 0) and 12 moles water ( Density 1, 52 like “3 , melting point 35 ° with loss of 5 H 2 0), becomes anhydrous at 100 ° and goes on stronger heating in the diphosphate Na 4 P 2 0 7.
- Disodium hydrogen phosphate is by neutralization of phosphoric acid with sodium carbonate solution under Use of phenolphthalein as an indicator
- Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (secondary or dibasic potassium phosphate), K 2 HP0 4 , is an amorphous, white salt that is readily soluble in water.
- Trisodium phosphate, tertiary sodium phosphate, Na 3 P0 are colorless crystals which have a density of 1, 62 "3 and a melting point of 73-76 ° C (decomposition) as decahydrate (corresponding to 19-20% P 2 O 5 ) have a melting point of 100 ° C and in anhydrous form (corresponding to 39-40% P 2 0 5 ) have a density of 2.536 like "3 .
- Trisodium phosphate is readily soluble in water under alkaline reaction and is prepared by evaporating a solution of exactly 1 mole of disodium phosphate and 1 mole of NaOH.
- Tripotassium phosphate (tertiary or tribasic potassium phosphate), K 3 P0 4 , is a white, volatilized, granular powder with a density of 2.56 "3 , has a melting point of 1340 ° and is readily soluble in water with an alkaline reaction Heating of Thomas slag with coal and potassium sulfate Despite the higher price, in the detergent industry, the more soluble, therefore highly effective, potassium phosphates are often preferred over the corresponding sodium compounds.
- Tetrasodium diphosphate (sodium pyrophosphate), Na 4 P 2 O 7 , exists in anhydrous form (density 2.534 like “3 , melting point 988 °, also indicated 880 °) and as decahydrate (density 1, 815-1, 836 like " 3 , melting point 94 ° with loss of water).
- decahydrate Density 1, 815-1, 836 like " 3 , melting point 94 ° with loss of water.
- Na 4 P 2 0 7 arises when heating disodium phosphate to> 200 ° or by reacting phosphoric acid with soda in a stoichiometric ratio and the solution is dewatered by spraying.
- the decahydrate complexes heavy metal salts and hardness agents and therefore reduces the hardness of the water.
- Potassium diphosphate (potassium pyrophosphate), K 4 P 2 O 7 , exists in the form of the trihydrate and is a colorless, hygroscopic powder with a density of 2.33% "3 " which is soluble in water, the pH being 1% Solution at 25 ° 10.4.
- Sodium and potassium phosphates in which one can distinguish cyclic representatives, the sodium or Kaliummetaphosphate and chain types, the sodium or potassium polyphosphates. In particular, for the latter are a variety of names in use: melting or annealing phosphates, Graham's salt, Kurrolsches and Maddrell's salt. All higher sodium and potassium phosphates are collectively referred to as condensed phosphates.
- pentasodium triphosphate Na 5 P 3 O 10 (sodium tripolyphosphate)
- n 3.
- 100 g of water dissolve at room temperature about 17 g, at 60 ° about 20 g, at 100 ° around 32 g of the salt water-free salt; after two hours of heating the solution to 100 ° caused by hydrolysis about 8% orthophosphate and 15% diphosphate.
- pentasodium triphosphate In the preparation of pentasodium triphosphate, phosphoric acid is reacted with sodium carbonate solution or sodium hydroxide solution in a stoichiometric ratio and the solution is dehydrated by spraying. Similar to Graham's salt and sodium diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate dissolves many insoluble metal compounds (including lime soaps, etc.). Pentakaliumtriphosphat, K 5 P 3 O 10 (potassium tripolyphosphate), for example, in the form of a 50 wt .-% solution (> 23% P 2 0 5 , 25% K 2 0) in the trade. The potassium polyphosphates are widely used in the washing and cleaning industry. There are also sodium potassium tripolyphosphates which can also be used in the context of the present invention. These arise, for example, when hydrolyzed sodium trimetaphosphate with KOH:
- sodium tripolyphosphate potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of these two; also mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and Sodium potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate can be used according to the invention.
- preferred agents are characterized in that this phosphate (s), preferably alkali metal phosphate (s), more preferably pentasodium or.
- Pentakaliumtriphosphat sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate
- this phosphate preferably alkali metal phosphate (s), more preferably pentasodium or.
- Pentakaliumtriphosphat sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate
- in amounts of 5 to 80 wt .-%, preferably from 15 to 75 wt .-%, in particular from 20 to 70 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the detergent or cleaning agent contain.
- compositions according to the invention in which the weight ratio of potassium tripolyphosphate present in the composition to sodium tripolyphosphate is more than 1: 1, preferably more than 2: 1, preferably more than 5: 1, more preferably more than 10: 1 and in particular more than 20: 1.
- weight ratio of potassium tripolyphosphate present in the composition to sodium tripolyphosphate is more than 1: 1, preferably more than 2: 1, preferably more than 5: 1, more preferably more than 10: 1 and in particular more than 20: 1.
- agents according to the invention which contain exclusively potassium tripolyphosphate.
- alkali carriers are, for example, alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogencarbonates, alkali metal sesquicarbonates, the alkali metal silicates, alkali metal silicates and mixtures of the abovementioned substances, preference being given to using alkali metal carbonates, in particular sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or sodium sesquicarbonate for the purposes of this invention.
- alkali metal carbonates in particular sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or sodium sesquicarbonate for the purposes of this invention.
- a builder system comprising a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate.
- a builder system comprising a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate and sodium disilicate.
- Particularly preferred detergents and cleaning agents contain carbonate (s) and / or bicarbonate (s), preferably alkali metal carbonates, more preferably sodium carbonate, in amounts of from 2 to 50% by weight, preferably from 5 to 40% by weight and in particular 7.5 to 30 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the detergent or cleaning agent.
- carbonate (s) and / or bicarbonate (s) preferably alkali metal carbonates, more preferably sodium carbonate
- organic cobuilders it is possible in particular to use polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxylates, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins, further organic cobuilders (see below) and phosphonates in the detergents and cleaners according to the invention. These classes of substances are described below.
- Useful organic builder substances are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids meaning such carboxylic acids which carry more than one acidity function. These are, for example, citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these.
- Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures thereof.
- the acids themselves can also be used.
- the acids typically also have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH of detergents or cleaners.
- citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any desired mixtures of these can be mentioned here.
- polymeric polycarboxylates for example the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those having a relative molecular mass of from 500 to 70,000 g / mol.
- the molecular weights stated for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molar masses M w of the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship with the polymers investigated. These data differ significantly from the molecular weight data, in which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molar masses measured against polystyrenesulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights specified in this document.
- Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates, which have molar masses of from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, may again be preferred from this group.
- copolymeric polycarboxylates in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid.
- Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable.
- Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids is generally from 2000 to 70000 g / mol, preferably from 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular from 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.
- Polyacrylates are, for example, under the names Versicol ® E5, Versicol ® E7 and Versicol ® E9 (trademark of Allied Colloids), Narlex ® LD 30 and Narlex ® LD 34 (trademark of National Adhesives), Acrysol ® LMW-10, Acrysol ® LMW 20, Acrysol ® LMW-45 and Acrysol ® A1-N (trademark of Rohm & Haas), and Sokalan ® PA-20, Sokalan ® PA-40, Sokalan ® PA 70 and Sokalan ® PA-110 (trademark of BASF) available in the stores.
- Ethylene / maleic acid copolymers are sold under the name EMA ® (trademark of Monsanto), methyl vinyl ether / maleic acid copolymers under the name Gantrez ® AN 119 (trademark of GAF Corp.) and acrylic acid / maleic acid copolymers under the name Sokalan ® CP5 and Sokalan ® CP7 (trademark of BASF).
- Acryiphosphinate are as DKW ® - available (trademark of National Adhesives) or Belperse ® grades (trademark of Ciba-Geigy).
- graft copolymers which are obtained by grafting polyalkylene oxides having molecular weights of between 2000 and 100 000 with vinyl acetate.
- the acetate groups may optionally be saponified up to 15%.
- Polymers of this type are available under the name Sokalan ® HP22 (trademark of BASF).
- the (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution.
- the content of (co) polymeric polycarboxylates in the compositions is preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight.
- the polymers may also contain allylsulfonic acids such as allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid as a monomer.
- biodegradable polymers of more than two different monomer units for example those which contain as monomers the salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or the salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallyl sulfonic acid as monomers. Derivatives included.
- copolymers are those which preferably have as monomers acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate.
- polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids their salts or their precursors.
- Particularly preferred are polyaspartic acids or their salts and.
- polyacetals which are prepared by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 C atoms and at least 3 Hydroxyl groups can be obtained.
- Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.
- dextrins for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches.
- the hydrolysis can be carried out by customary, for example acid or enzyme catalyzed processes.
- it is hydrolysis products having average molecular weights in the range of 400 to 500,000 g / mol.
- a polysaccharide with a dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range from 0.5 to 40, in particular from 2 to 30 is preferred, DE being a common measure of the reducing action of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose, which has a DE of 100 , is.
- DE dextrose equivalent
- oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function.
- Ethylenediamine-N, N '- disuccinate (EDDS) is preferably in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts.
- glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates are also preferred in this context. Suitable amounts are in zeolithissen and / or silicate-containing formulations at 3 to 15 wt .-%.
- organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may optionally also be present in lactone form and which contain at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and a maximum of two acid groups.
- phosphonates are, in particular, hydroxyalkane or aminoalkanephosphonates.
- hydroxyalkane phosphonates 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) is of particular importance as a co-builder. It is preferably used as the sodium salt, the disodium salt neutral and the tetrasodium salt alkaline (pH 9).
- Ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonates are preferably used as aminoalkane phosphonates (EDTMP), Diethylentriaminpentamethylenphosphonat (DTPMP) and their higher homologues in question.
- the builder used here is preferably HEDP from the class of phosphonates.
- the aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced heavy metal binding capacity. Accordingly, in particular if the agents also contain bleach, it may be preferable to use aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or to use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.
- Detergents or cleaning agents according to the invention may furthermore contain washing or cleaning-active polymers.
- the group of these polymers includes, for example, the rinse aid polymers and / or polymers which are effective as softeners.
- Detergents or cleaning agents which are preferred according to the invention are characterized in that, based on their total weight, they contain 0.1 to 50% by weight, preferably between 0.2 and 40% by weight, more preferably between 0.4 and 35% by weight .-% and in particular between 0.6 and 31 wt .-% of a polymer, preferably at least one polymer from the group of cationic, anionic or amphoteric polymers.
- Effective polymers as softeners are, for example, the sulfonic acid-containing polymers which are used with particular preference in the compositions according to the invention.
- Suldonklare phenomenon-containing polymers are copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, sulfonic acid-containing monomers and optionally other ionic or nonionic monomers.
- unsaturated carboxylic acids of the formula XI are preferred as the monomer
- R 1 to R 3 independently of one another are -H-CH 3 , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, with -NH 2 , -OH or - COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals as defined above or for -COOH or - COOR 4 , wherein R 4 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Preferred among these monomers are those of the formulas XIIa, XIIb and / or XIIIc,
- Suitable further ionic or nonionic monomers are, in particular, ethylenically unsaturated compounds.
- the content of the monomers used according to the invention to monomers of group iii) is preferably less than 20% by weight, based on the polymer.
- Particularly preferred polymers to be used consist only of monomers of groups i) and ii).
- copolymers are made of
- R 1 to R 3 independently of one another are -H-CH 3 , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, with -NH 2 , -OH or - COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals as defined above or is -COOH or - COOR 4 , where R 4 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,
- Particularly preferred copolymers consist of i) one or more unsaturated carboxylic acids from the group of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and / or maleic acid ii) one or more sulfonic acid-containing monomers of the formulas XIIa, XIIb and / or XIIIc:
- the copolymers may contain the monomers from groups i) and ii) and, if appropriate, iii) in varying amounts, it being possible for all representatives from group i) to be combined with all representatives from group ii) and all representatives from group iii).
- Particularly preferred polymers have certain structural units, which are described below.
- laundry detergent or detergent compositions of the invention are preferred, which are characterized in that they contain one or more copolymers, the structural units of the formula XIII - [CH 2 -CHCOOH] m - [CH 2 -CHC (O) -Y-SO 3 H] p - (XIII)
- polymers are prepared by copolymerization of acrylic acid with a sulfonic acid-containing acrylic acid derivative.
- acrylic acid derivative containing sulfonic acid groups is copolymerized with methacrylic acid, another polymer is obtained whose use in the washing or cleaning composition according to the invention is also preferred and characterized in that the preferred detergent or cleaner compositions comprise one or more copolymers containing structural units of the formula XIV
- Acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid can also be copolymerized completely analogously with methacrylic acid derivatives containing sulfonic acid groups, as a result of which the structural units in the molecule are changed.
- inventively preferred detergent compositions which are characterized in that they contain one or more copolymers which contain structural units of the formula XVII
- washing or cleaning agent compositions according to the invention which contain one or more copolymers which contain structural units of the formulas XIII and / or XIV and / or XV and / or XVI and / or XVII and / or XVIII are preferred - [CH 2 -CHCOOH] rn - [CH 2 -CHC (O) -Y-SO 3 H] p - (XIII), - [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) COOH] m - [CH 2 -CHC ( 0) -Y-S0 3 H] p - (XIV), - [CH 2 -CHCOOH] m - [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) C (O) -Y-S0 3 H] p - (XV), - [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) COOH] m - [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) C (O) -Y-SO 3 H] p - (
- the sulfonic acid groups may be wholly or partially in neutralized form, i. in that the acidic hydrogen atom of the sulfonic acid group in some or all sulfonic acid groups can be exchanged for metal ions, preferably alkali metal ions and in particular for sodium ions.
- metal ions preferably alkali metal ions and in particular for sodium ions.
- Corresponding detergent or cleaning agent compositions which are characterized in that the sulfonic acid groups are present in the copolymer partially or fully neutralized are preferred according to the invention.
- the monomer distribution of the copolymers used in the detergent or cleaning compositions according to the invention in the case of copolymers which contain only monomers from groups i) and ii) is preferably in each case from 5 to 95% by weight i) or ii), particularly preferably from 50 to 90 % By weight of monomer from group i) and from 10 to 50% by weight of monomer from group ii), in each case based on the polymer.
- terpolymers particular preference is given to those containing from 20 to 85% by weight of monomer from group i), from 10 to 60% by weight of monomer from group ii) and from 5 to 30% by weight of monomer from group iii) ,
- the molecular weight of the above-described sulfo-copolymers used in the detergent or cleaner compositions of the present invention can be varied to tailor the properties of the polymers to the desired end use.
- Preferred washing or cleaning compositions are characterized in that the Copolymers of molecular weights of 2000 to 200,000 gmol "1 , preferably from 4000 to 25,000 gmol " 1 and in particular from 5000 to 15,000 gmol "1 have.
- Particularly preferred detergents or cleaners according to the invention are characterized in that they comprise at least one polymer containing sulfonic acid groups, preferably a copolymer of i) unsaturated carboxylic acids ii) sulfonic acid group-containing monomers iii) optionally further ionic or nonionic monomers.
- Preferred agents according to the invention may further contain amphoteric or cationic polymers to improve the rinse-off result.
- These particularly preferred polymers are characterized by having at least one positive charge.
- Such polymers are preferably water-soluble or water-dispersible, that is, they have a solubility in water at 25 ° C above 10 mg / ml.
- particularly preferred detergents or cleaners are characterized in that they contain at least one polymer with a molecular weight above 2000, which has at least one positive charge.
- Particularly preferred cationic or amphoteric polymers contain at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer unit of the general formula
- R 1 to R 4 independently of one another are -H-CH 3 , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, with -NH 2 , -OH or - COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals as defined above, a heteroatomic group having at least one positively charged group, a quaternized nitrogen atom or at least one amine group with a positive charge in the pH range between 2 and 11 or -COOH or -COOR 5 , wherein R 5 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Particularly preferred as part of the amphoteric polymers are unsaturated carboxylic acids of the general formula
- R 1 to R 3 are independently -H-CH 3 , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, with - NH 2 , -OH or -COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals as defined above or is - COOH or -COOR 4 , wherein R 4 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- amphoteric polymers contain as monomer units derivatives of diallylamine, in particular dimethyldiallylammonium salt and / or
- Methacrylamidopropyl (trimethyl) ammonium salt preferably in the form of the chloride, bromide, iodide, hydroxide, phosphate, sulfate, hydrosulfate, ethylsulfate, methyl sulfate, mesylate, tosylate, formate or acetate in combination with monomer units from the group of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids.
- the premix Prior to compression of the particulate premix to detergent tablets, the premix may be finely divided
- Fine particulate powdering agents are well known in the art, with mostly zeolites, silicates or other inorganic salts are used.
- the premix is "powdered” with finely divided zeolite, with faujasite-type zeolites being preferred.
- faujasite type zeolite denotes all three zeolites which form the faujasite subgroup of the zeolite structure group 4 (cf. Donald W.
- Mixtures or cocrystallizates of zeolites of the faujasite type with other zeolites, which need not necessarily belong to the zeolite structure group 4, can be used as a powdering agent, it being advantageous if at least 50 wt .-% of the powdery powder of a zeolite of faujasite Type persist.
- washing and cleaning agent tablets which consist of a particulate premix containing granular components and subsequently admixed pulverulent substances, the one or more subsequently admixed pulverulent components comprising a faujasite-type zeolite having particle sizes below 100 ⁇ m, preferably below 10 ⁇ m and in particular below 5 ⁇ m and makes up at least 0.2% by weight, preferably at least 0.5% by weight and in particular more than 1% by weight of the premix to be tabletted.
- detergent tablets and detergent tablets which additionally contain a disintegration assistant are preferred.
- the premix additionally comprises a disintegration assistant, preferably a disintegration aid based on cellulose, preferably in granular, cogranulated or compacted form, in amounts of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight and in particular from 4 to 6 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the premix contains, are preferred.
- the particulate premixes to be compressed additionally comprise one or more substances from the group of bleaches, bleach activators, enzymes, pH adjusters, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescers, dyes, Foam inhibitors, silicone oils, anti redeposition agents, optical brighteners, grayness inhibitors, dye transfer inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors.
- bleaching agents are, for example, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H 2 0 2 -yielding peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, or Phthaloiminoperklare
- Cleaning agents according to the invention may also contain bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents.
- Typical organic bleaching agents are the diacyl peroxides, e.g. Dibenzoyl.
- Other typical organic bleaches are the peroxyacids, examples of which include the alkyl peroxyacids and the aryl peroxyacids.
- Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy- ⁇ -naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ⁇ -phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid
- PAP Phthaloiminoperoxyhexanoic acid
- o-carboxybenzamidoperoxycaproic acid N-nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-nonenylamidopersuccinate
- aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaic acid, Diperoxysebacic acid, diperoxybrassic acid, the diperoxyphthalic acids, 2-decyldiperoxybutane-1,4-diacid, N, N-terephthaloyl-di (6-aminopercapronate) can be used.
- chlorine or bromine-releasing substances are, for example, heterocyclic N-bromo- and N-chloroamides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, dibromoisocyanuric acid and / or
- Hydantoin compounds, such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin are also suitable.
- Preferred dispersions according to the invention contain bleaching agents in amounts of from 1 to 40% by weight, preferably from 2.5 to 30% by weight and in particular from 5 to 20% by weight, in each case based on the total dispersion.
- the agents according to the invention are used as automatic dishwashing detergents, they may furthermore contain bleach activators as dispersed substances in order to achieve an improved bleaching effect on cleaning at temperatures of 60 ° C. and below.
- bleach activators it is possible to use compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid.
- Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the stated C atom number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
- polyacylated alkylene diamines in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, especially tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, in particular triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5- diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran.
- TAED tetraacetylethylened
- bleach activators preferably used in the context of the present application are compounds from the group of cationic nitriles, in particular cationic nitrile of the formula
- R 3 in the R 1 is -H, -CH 3 , a C 2-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical, a substituted C 2-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical having at least one substituent from the group -Cl, -Br, - OH, -NH 2 , -CN, an alkyl or alkenylaryl radical having a C 1-24 -alkyl group, or represents a substituted alkyl or alkenylaryl radical having a C 1-4 -alkyl group and at least one further substituent on the aromatic ring
- R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from -CH 2 -CN, -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 , -CH (CH 3 ) -CH 3 , -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH (OH) -CH 3, -CH 2 - CH 2 -CH 2 -OH
- inventive agents is a cationic nitrile of the formula
- bleach activators are compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid.
- Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the stated C atom number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
- polyacylated alkylene-diamines in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic acid anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride, acylated polyvalent Alcohols, in particular triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate, 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran, n-methyl-morph
- Hydrophilic substituted acyl acetals and acyl lactams are also preferably used.
- Combinations of conventional bleach activators can also be used.
- the bleach activators are usually used in automatic dishwashing detergents in amounts of from 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.25 to 15% by weight and in particular from 1 to 10% by weight, based in each case on the composition.
- bleach catalysts can also be incorporated into the compositions.
- These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo saline complexes or carbonyl complexes.
- Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru ammine complexes can also be used as bleach catalysts.
- bleach activators preference is given to bleach activators from the group of the polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (US Pat.
- TAED tetraacetylethylenediamine
- N-acylimides in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI)
- acylated phenolsulfonates in particular n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate
- N- or iso-NOBS N- or iso-NOBS
- n-methyl-morpholinium acetonitrile-methyl sulfate (MMA) preferably in amounts of up to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 wt .-% to 8 wt .-%, especially 2 to 8 wt .-% and particularly preferably 2 to 6 wt .-% based on the total weight of the dispersion used.
- Bleach-enhancing transition metal complexes in particular having the central atoms Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Ti and / or Ru, preferably selected from the group of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably the cobalt (ammine) Complexes of the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes, the chlorides of cobalt or manganese, manganese sulfate are used in conventional amounts, preferably in an amount up to 5 wt .-%, in particular of 0.0025 wt % to 1 wt .-% and particularly preferably from 0.01 wt .-% to 0.25 wt .-%, each based on the total agent used. But in special cases, more bleach activator can be used.
- Another long-standing problem with automatic dishwashing is the corrosion of glassware, which can usually manifest itself by the appearance of turbidity, streaks and scratches, but also by iridescence of the glass surface. The observed effects are based essentially on two processes, the leakage of alkali and alkaline earth ions from the glass in conjunction with hydrolysis of the silicate network, on the other hand in a deposition of silicate compounds on the glass surface.
- Preferred agents according to the invention therefore furthermore comprise glass corrosion protection agents, preferably from the group of magnesium and / or zinc salts and / or magnesium and / or zinc complexes.
- a preferred class of compounds that can be added to the compositions of the invention to prevent glass corrosion are insoluble zinc salts. These can accumulate on the glass surface during the dishwashing process, preventing the dissolution of metal ions from the glass network and the hydrolysis of the silicates. In addition, these insoluble zinc salts also prevent the deposition of silicate on the glass surface, so that the glass is protected from the consequences described above.
- Insoluble zinc salts in the context of this preferred embodiment are zinc salts which have a solubility of a maximum of 10 grams of zinc salt per liter of water at 20 ° C.
- Examples of particularly preferred insoluble zinc salts according to the invention are zinc silicate, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, basic zinc carbonate (Zn 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 ), zinc hydroxide, zinc oxalate, zinc monophosphate (Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ), and zinc pyrophosphate (Zn 2 (P 2 0 7 )).
- the zinc compounds mentioned are preferably employed in the compositions according to the invention in amounts which have a content of the zinc ions of between 0.02 and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 5.0% by weight and in particular between 0.2 and 1, 0 wt .-%, each based on the agent effect.
- the exact content of the agents on the zinc salt or zinc salts is of course dependent on the type of zinc salts - the less soluble the zinc salt used, the higher its concentration should be in the inventive compositions.
- the particle size of the salts is a criterion to be observed, so that the salts do not adhere to glassware or machine parts.
- liquid aqueous according to the invention automatic dishwasher detergents are preferred in which the insoluble zinc salts have a particle size below 1.7 mm.
- the insoluble zinc salt has an average particle size which is significantly below this value in order to further minimize the risk of insoluble residues, for example an average particle size of less than 250 ⁇ m. Again, this is even more true the less the zinc salt is soluble.
- the glass corrosion inhibiting effectiveness increases with decreasing particle size.
- the average particle size is preferably below 100 microns. For still less soluble salts, it may be even lower; For example, average particle sizes below 100 ⁇ m are preferred for the very poorly soluble zinc oxide.
- Another preferred class of compounds are magnesium and / or zinc salt (s) of at least one monomeric and / or polymeric organic acid. The effect of this is that even with repeated use, the surfaces of glassware do not change corrosively, in particular, no turbidity, streaks or scratches, but also iridescence of the glass surfaces are not caused.
- magnesium and / or zinc salt (s) of monomeric and / or polymeric organic acids may be included in the claimed compositions, as described above, the magnesium and / or zinc salts of monomeric and / or polymeric organic acids are derived from the Groups of unbranched saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, the branched saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, the saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, the aromatic mono-, di- and tricarboxylic acids, the sugar acids, the hydroxy acids, the oxo acids, the amino acids and / or the polymeric carboxylic acids are preferred. Within these groups, the acids mentioned below are again preferred in the context of the present invention:
- benzoic acid 2-carboxybenzoic acid (phthalic acid), 3-carboxybenzoic acid (isophthalic acid), 4-carboxybenzoic acid (terephthalic acid), 3,4-dicarboxybenzoic acid (trimellitic acid), 3,5 -Dicarboxylicbenzoic acid (Trimesionklare).
- sugar acids galactonic acid, mannonic acid, fructonic acid, arabinonic acid, xylonic acid, ribonic acid, 2-deoxy-ribonic acid, alginic acid.
- hydroxy acids From the group of hydroxy acids: hydroxyphenylacetic acid (mandelic acid), 2-hydroxypropionic acid (lactic acid), malic acid (malic acid), 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid (tartaric acid), 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid (citric acid) .
- Ascorbic acid 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid), 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (gallic acid).
- oxo acids 2-oxopropionic acid (pyruvic acid), 4-oxo-pentanoic acid (levulinic acid).
- amino acids From the group of amino acids: alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, tryptophan, phenylalanine, methionine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine.
- polymeric carboxylic acids polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, alkylacrylamide / acrylic acid copolymers, alkylacrylamide / methacrylic acid copolymers,
- Alkylacrylamide / methylmethacrylic acid copolymers copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, vinyl acetate / crotonic acid copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acrylate copolymers.
- inventively preferred zinc salts of organic acids preferably organic carboxylic acids, ranging from salts which are difficult or insoluble in water, ie a solubility below 100 mg / L, preferably below 10 mg / L, in particular have no solubility, to such salts having a solubility in water above 100 mg / L, preferably above 500 mg / L, more preferably above 1 g / L and in particular above 5 g / L (all solubilities at 20 ° C water temperature).
- the first group of zinc salts includes, for example, the zinc nitrate, the zinc oleate and the zinc stearate;
- the group of soluble zinc salts includes, for example, zinc formate, zinc acetate, zinc lactate and zinc gluconate:
- the dispersions according to the invention comprise at least one zinc salt, but no magnesium salt of an organic acid, which is preferably at least one zinc salt of an organic carboxylic acid, more preferably a zinc salt selected from zinc stearate, zinc oleate, zinc gluconate, zinc acetate , Zinc lactate and / or Zinkeitrat acts.
- Zinc ricinoleate, zinc abietate and zinc oxalate are also preferred.
- An agent preferred in the context of the present invention contains zinc salt in amounts of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 4% by weight and in particular from 0.4 to 3% by weight, or zinc in oxidized form (calculated as Zn 2+ ) in amounts of from 0.01 to 1% by weight, preferably from 0.02 to 0.5% by weight and in particular from 0.04 to 0.2% by weight , in each case based on the total weight of the dispersion.
- the tablets according to the invention are used as dishwashing detergents, then these detergents may contain corrosion inhibitors for protecting the items to be washed or the machine, with particular silver protectants being of particular importance in the field of automatic dishwashing. It is possible to use the known substances of the prior art. In general, silver protectants selected from the group of triazoles, benzotriazoles, bisbenzotriazoles, aminotriazoles, alkylaminotriazoles and transition metal salts or complexes can be used in particular. Particularly preferred to use are benzotriazole and / or alkylaminotriazole.
- Examples which may be mentioned of the 3-amino-5-alkyl-1,2,4-triazoles preferably used according to the invention include: 5-propyl, -butyl, -pentyl, -heptyl, -octyl-, Nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, isononyl, versatic-10 acid alkyl, phenyl, p-tolyl, - (4-tert-butylphenyl) -, - (4-methoxyphenyl) -, - (2-, -3-, 4-pyridyl) -, - (2 Thienyl) -, - (5-methyl-2-furyl) -, - (5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl) -, 3-amino-1, 2,4-triazole.
- Preferred acids for salt formation are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, sulphurous acid, organic carboxylic acids such as acetic, glycolic, citric, succinic acid.
- cleaner formulations often contain active chlorine-containing agents which can markedly reduce the corrosion of the silver surface.
- active chlorine-containing agents are particularly oxygen and nitrogen-containing organic redox-active compounds, such as di- and trihydric phenols, eg. As hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucinol, pyrogallol or derivatives of these classes of compounds.
- salt and complex inorganic compounds such as salts of the metals Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Co and Ce are often used.
- transition metal salts which are selected from the group of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, more preferably the cobalt (amine) complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes , the chlorides of cobalt or manganese and manganese sulfate.
- zinc compounds can be used to prevent corrosion on the items to be washed.
- redox-active substances in the compositions according to the invention.
- These substances are preferably inorganic redox-active substances from the group of manganese, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, cobalt and cerium salts and / or complexes, wherein the metals preferably in one of the oxidation states II, III , IV, V or VI.
- the metal salts or metal complexes used should be at least partially soluble in water.
- the counterions suitable for salt formation comprise all customary mono-, di- or tri-positively negatively charged inorganic anions, eg. As oxide, sulfate, nitrate, fluoride, but also organic anions such. Stearate.
- Metal complexes in the context of the invention are compounds which consist of a central atom and one or more ligands and optionally additionally one or more of the abovementioned anions.
- the central atom is one of the above-mentioned metals in one of the abovementioned oxidation states.
- the ligands are neutral molecules or anions that are mono- or polydentate; the term "Ligands" in the context of the invention, for example, in "Römpp Chemie Lexikon, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart New York, 9th edition, 1990, page 2507" explained in more detail.
- the charge of the central atom and the charge of the ligand (s) are not zero, either one or more of the abovementioned anions or one or more cations, depending on whether there is a cationic or anionic charge surplus, e.g. As sodium, potassium, ammonium ions, for the charge balance.
- Suitable complexing agents are, for example, citrate, acetylacetonate or 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate.
- metal salts and / or metal complexes are selected from the group MnS0 4 , Mn (II) citrate, Mn (II) stearate, Mn (II) acetylacetonate, Mn (II) - [1-hydroxyethane-1, 1- diphosphonate], V 2 0 5 , V 2 0 4 , V0 2 , TiOS0 4 , K 2 TiF 6 , K 2 ZrF 6 , CoSO 4 , Co (NO 3 ) 2 , Ce (NO 3 ) 3 and mixtures thereof.
- metal salts and / or metal complexes are selected from the group MnS0 4 , Mn (II) citrate, Mn (II) stearate, Mn (II) acetylacetonate, Mn (II) - [1-hydroxy-ethane
- metal salts or metal complexes are generally commercially available substances that can be used for the purpose of silver corrosion protection without prior purification in the compositions of the invention.
- this is from the S0 3 -Hergori
- the inorganic redox-active substances are preferably coated, ie completely coated with a waterproof material which is readily soluble in the cleaning temperatures, in order to prevent their premature decomposition or oxidation during storage.
- Preferred coating materials which are applied by known methods, such as Sandwik from the food industry, are paraffins, microwaxes, waxes of natural origin such as carnauba wax, candellila wax, beeswax, higher melting alcohols such as hexadecanol, soaps or fatty acids.
- the coating material solid at room temperature is applied in a molten state to the material to be coated, for example by finely divided material to be coated in a continuous stream by a likewise continuously generated Spray zone of the molten coating material is thrown.
- the melting point must be chosen so that the coating material easily dissolves or melts during the silver treatment.
- the melting point should ideally be in the range between 45 ° C and 65 ° C and preferably in the range 50 ° C to 60 ° C.
- the metal salts and / or metal complexes mentioned are in the agents, in particular automatic dishwashing agents, preferably in an amount of 0.05 to 6 wt .-%, preferably 0.2 to 2.5 wt .-%, based on the total weight of Contain funds.
- Agents according to the invention may contain enzymes to increase the washing or cleaning performance, it being possible in principle to use all enzymes established for this purpose in the prior art. These include in particular proteases, amylases, lipases, hemicellulases, cellulases or oxidoreductases, and preferably mixtures thereof. These enzymes are basically of natural origin; Starting from the natural molecules, improved variants are available for use in detergents and cleaners, which are preferably used accordingly. Agents according to the invention preferably contain enzymes in total amounts of 1 ⁇ 10 -6 to 5 weight-percent based on active protein The protein concentration can be determined by known methods, for example the BCA method or the biuret method.
- subtilisin type examples thereof are the subtilisins BPN 'and Carlsberg, the protease PB92, the subtilisins 147 and 309, the alkaline protease from Bacillus lentus, subtilisin DY and the enzymes thermitase, proteinase K and the subtilases, but not the subtilisins in the narrower sense Proteases TW3 and TW7.
- subtilisin Carlsberg in a developed form under the trade names Alcalase ® from Novozymes A / S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
- subtilisins 147 and 309 are sold under the trade names Esperase ®, or Savinase ® from Novozymes. From the protease from Bacillus lentus DSM 5483 derived under the name BLAP ® variants are derived.
- proteases are, for example, under the trade names Durazym ®, relase ®, Everlase® ®, Nafizym, Natalase ®, Kannase® ® and Ovozymes ® from Novozymes, under the trade names Purafect ®, Purafect ® OxP and Properase.RTM ® by the company Genencor, that under the trade name Protosol® ® from Advanced Biochemicals Ltd., Thane, India, under the trade name Wuxi ® from Wuxi Snyder Bioproducts Ltd., China, under the trade names Proleather® ® and protease P ® by the company Amano Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, and the enzyme available under the name Proteinase K-16 from Kao Corp., Tokyo, Japan.
- amylases which can be used according to the invention are the ⁇ -amylases from Bacillus licheniformis, from ⁇ . amyloliquefaciens or from ß. stearothermophilus and their improved for use in detergents and cleaners further developments.
- the enzyme from ß. licheniformis is available from Novozymes under the name Termamyl ® and from Genencor under the name Purastar® ® ST.
- Development products of this ⁇ - amylase are available from Novozymes under the trade names Duramyl ® and Termamyl ® ultra, from Genencor under the name Purastar® ® OxAm and from Daiwa Seiko Inc., Tokyo, Japan, as Keistase ®.
- the ⁇ -amylase of ⁇ . amyloliquefaciens is sold by Novozymes under the name BAN ®, and derived variants from the ⁇ - amylase from B. stearothermophilus under the names BSG ® and Novamyl ®, likewise from Novozymes.
- ⁇ -amylase from Bacillus sp. A 7-7 (DSM 12368) and cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from ⁇ . agaradherens (DSM 9948).
- compositions according to the invention may contain lipases or cutinases, in particular because of their triglyceride-cleaving activities, but also in order to generate in situ peracids from suitable precursors.
- lipases or cutinases include, for example, the lipases originally obtainable from Humicola lanuginosa (Thermomyces lanuginosus) or further developed, in particular those with the amino acid exchange D96L. They are for example marketed by Novozymes under the trade names Lipolase ®, Lipolase Ultra ®, LipoPrime® ®, Lipozyme® ® and Lipex ®.
- the cutinases can be used, which were originally isolated from Fusarium solani pisi and Humicola insolens.
- lipases are available from Amano under the designations Lipase CE ®, Lipase P ®, Lipase B ®, or lipase CES ®, Lipase AKG ®, Bacillis sp. Lipase® , Lipase AP® , Lipase M- AP® and Lipase AML® are available. From the company Genencor, for example, the lipases, or cutinases can be used, the initial enzymes were originally isolated from Pseudomonas mendocina and Fusarium solanii.
- Suitable mannanases are available, for example under the name Gamanase ® and Pektinex AR ® from Novozymes, under the name Rohapec ® B1 L from AB Enzymes and under the name Pyrolase® ® from Diversa Corp., San Diego, CA, USA , The from ß. subtilis .beta.-glucanase obtained is available under the name Cereflo ® from Novozymes.
- detergent and cleaner compositions according to the invention may be oxidoreductases, for example oxidases, oxygenases, catalases, peroxidases, such as halo-, chloro-, bromo-, lignin, glucose or manganese peroxidases, dioxygenases or laccases (phenol oxidases, polyphenol oxidases) contain.
- oxidases oxygenases, catalases, peroxidases, such as halo-, chloro-, bromo-, lignin, glucose or manganese peroxidases, dioxygenases or laccases (phenol oxidases, polyphenol oxidases) contain.
- Suitable commercial products Denilite® ® 1 and 2 from Novozymes should be mentioned.
- organic, particularly preferably aromatic, compounds which interact with the enzymes in order to enhance the activity of the relevant oxidoreductases (enhancers) or to ensure the flow of electrons (mediators) at greatly varying redox potentials between the oxidizing enzymes and the soils.
- the enzymes used in agents according to the invention are either originally derived from microorganisms, such as the genera Bacillus, Streptomyces, Humicola or Pseudomonas, and / or are produced by biotechnological methods known per se by suitable microorganisms, such as transgenic expression hosts of the genera Bacillus or filamentous fungi.
- the purification of the relevant enzymes is conveniently carried out by conventional methods, for example by precipitation, sedimentation, concentration, filtration of the liquid phases, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, exposure to chemicals, deodorization or suitable combinations of these steps.
- the agents of the invention may be added to the enzymes in any form known in the art. These include, for example, obtained by granulation, extrusion or lyophilization solid preparations or, in particular in liquid or Gel-like agents, solutions of the enzymes, advantageously as concentrated as possible, low in water and / or added with stabilizers.
- the enzymes may be encapsulated for both the solid and liquid dosage forms, for example by spray-drying or extruding the enzyme solution together with a preferably natural polymer or in the form of capsules, for example those in which the enzymes are entrapped as in a solidified gel or in those of the core-shell type, in which an enzyme-containing core is coated with a water, air and / or chemical impermeable protective layer.
- further active ingredients for example stabilizers, emulsifiers, pigments, bleaches or dyes, may additionally be applied.
- Such capsules are applied by methods known per se, for example by shaking or rolling granulation or in fluid-bed processes.
- such granules for example by applying polymeric film-forming agent, low in dust and storage stable due to the coating.
- a protein and / or enzyme contained in an agent according to the invention can be protected against damage, for example inactivation, denaturation or decomposition, for example by physical influences, oxidation or proteolytic cleavage, in particular during storage.
- damage for example inactivation, denaturation or decomposition, for example by physical influences, oxidation or proteolytic cleavage, in particular during storage.
- inhibition of proteolysis is particularly preferred, especially if the agents also contain proteases.
- Compositions according to the invention may contain stabilizers for this purpose; the provision of such means constitutes a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- One group of stabilizers are reversible protease inhibitors. Frequently, benzamidine hydrochloride, borax, boric acids, boronic acids or their salts or esters are used, including in particular derivatives with aromatic groups, such as ortho-substituted, meta-substituted and para-substituted phenylboronic acids, or their salts or esters.
- peptidic protease inhibitors are, inter alia, ovomucoid and leupeptin to mention; An additional option is the formation of fusion proteins from proteases and peptide inhibitors.
- enzyme stabilizers are amino alcohols such as mono-, di-, triethanol- and -propanolamine and mixtures thereof, aliphatic carboxylic acids up to C 12 , such as succinic acid, other dicarboxylic acids or salts of said acids. End-capped fatty acid amide alkoxylates are also suitable. Certain organic acids used as builders are additionally capable of stabilizing a contained enzyme. Lower aliphatic alcohols, but especially polyols such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or sorbitol are other frequently used enzyme stabilizers. Also used are calcium salts, such as calcium acetate or calcium formate, and magnesium salts.
- Polyamide oligomers or polymeric compounds such as lignin, water-soluble vinyl copolymers or cellulose ethers, acrylic polymers and / or polyamides stabilize the enzyme preparation, inter alia, against physical influences or pH fluctuations.
- Polyamine N-oxide containing polymers act as enzyme stabilizers.
- Other polymeric stabilizers are the linear C 8 -C 18 polyoxyalkylenes.
- Alkylpolyglycosides can stabilize the enzymatic components of the agent according to the invention and even increase their performance.
- Crosslinked N-containing compounds also act as enzyme stabilizers.
- a sulfur-containing reducing agent is, for example, sodium sulfite.
- combinatons of stabilizers are used, for example of polyols, boric acid and / or borax, the combination of boric acid or borate, reducing salts and succinic acid or other dicarboxylic acids or the combination of boric acid or borate with polyols or polyamino compounds and with reducing salts.
- the effect of peptide-aldehyde stabilizers is enhanced by the combination with boric acid and / or boric acid derivatives and polyols and further enhanced by the additional use of divalent cations, such as calcium ions.
- Preferred tablets according to the invention are characterized in that they additionally contain one or more enzymes and / or enzyme preparations, preferably solid protease preparations and / or amylase preparations, in amounts of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 4.5 and in particular from 0.4 to 4 wt .-%, each based on the total agent included.
- enzymes and / or enzyme preparations preferably solid protease preparations and / or amylase preparations
- Agents preferred according to the invention are characterized in that they contain, based on their total weight, at least 20% by weight, preferably at least 30% by weight, particularly preferably at least 40% by weight and in particular at least 50% by weight of builders and / or bleaching agents and / or bleach activators and / or washing or cleaning-active polymers and / or glass corrosion inhibitors and / or silver protectants and / or enzymes.
- compositions according to the invention consist of at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 92% by weight, preferably at least 94% by weight, especially preferably at least 96% by weight, more preferably at least 98% by weight and most preferably at least 99.5% by weight, exclusively of builders and / or bleaches and / or bleach activators and / or washing or cleaning-active polymers and / or glass corrosion inhibitors and / or silver protectants and / or enzymes.
- washing or cleaning agents according to the invention which, based on their total weight, are between 0.04 and 18% by weight, preferably between 0.08 and 16% by weight and in particular between 0.2 and 14% by weight.
- the detergent tablets may also contain components which positively influence the oil and grease washability from textiles (so-called soil repellents). This effect is particularly evident when a textile is dirty, which has been previously washed several times with a detergent prepared according to the invention, which contains this oil and fat dissolving component.
- the preferred oil and fat dissolving components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methylcellulose and methylhydroxy-propylcellulose with a proportion of methoxyl groups of 15 to 30 wt .-% and hydroxypropoxyl groups of 1 to 15 wt .-%, each based on the nonionic cellulose ether, as well as the known from the prior art polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or derivatives thereof, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionic and / or nonionic modified derivatives thereof. Particularly preferred of these are the sulfonated derivatives of phthalic and terephthalic acid polymers.
- the shaped bodies may contain, as optical brighteners, derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts. Suitable are e.g. Salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-morpholino-1, 3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or similarly constructed compounds which, instead of the morpholino group, a diethanolamino group , a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group. Furthermore, brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyrene type may be present, e.g. the alkali salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, or
- Dyes and fragrances are added to the detergent tablets according to the invention to improve the aesthetic appearance of the products and to provide the consumer in addition to the softness a visual and sensory "typical and distinctive" product available.
- perfume oils or fragrances can individual perfume compounds, for example the synthetic products of the ester type, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons can be used.
- Fragrance compounds of the ester type are, for example, benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethylmethylphenyl glycinate, allylcyclohexyl propionate, styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate.
- the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, to the aldehydes, for example, the linear alkanals having 8-18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, to the ketones such as the ionone, oc-lsomethylionon and Methylcedrylketon the alcohols include anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol; the hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes such as limonene and pinene.
- fragrances are used, which together produce an attractive fragrance.
- perfume oils may also contain natural fragrance mixtures as are available from vegetable sources, eg pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or ylang-ylang oil.
- the content of the detergent tablets and detergent tablets produced according to the invention is usually less than 0.01% by weight of dyes, while fragrances may account for up to 2% by weight of the total formulation.
- the fragrances can be incorporated directly into the compositions prepared according to the invention, but it can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers, which enhance the adhesion of the perfume to the laundry and provide a slower fragrance release for long-lasting fragrance of the textiles.
- carrier materials for example, cyclodextrins have been proven, the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes can be additionally coated with other excipients.
- compositions according to the invention can be colored with suitable dyes.
- Preferred dyes the selection of which presents no difficulty to the skilled person, have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the agents and to light and no pronounced substantivity to textile fibers so as not to stain them.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL04765165T PL1682649T3 (pl) | 2003-11-13 | 2004-09-14 | Tabletka odporna na obciążenie uderzeniowe |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10352961A DE10352961A1 (de) | 2003-11-13 | 2003-11-13 | Stoßbelastungsresistente Tablette |
PCT/EP2004/010251 WO2005047446A1 (de) | 2003-11-13 | 2004-09-14 | Stossbelastungsresistente tablette |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1682649A1 true EP1682649A1 (de) | 2006-07-26 |
EP1682649B1 EP1682649B1 (de) | 2007-10-31 |
Family
ID=34585036
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04765165A Expired - Lifetime EP1682649B1 (de) | 2003-11-13 | 2004-09-14 | Stossbelastungsresistente tablette |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070009561A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1682649B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE377070T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10352961A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2295912T3 (de) |
PL (1) | PL1682649T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005047446A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2416072T3 (es) * | 2006-09-15 | 2013-07-30 | Capsugel Belgium Nv | Forma de dosificación de disgregación rápida |
DE102008060470A1 (de) * | 2008-12-05 | 2010-06-10 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Reinigungsmittel |
FR2964012B1 (fr) * | 2010-08-31 | 2017-07-21 | Rockwool Int | Culture de plantes dans un substrat a base de laine minerale comprenant un liant |
DE102016109795A1 (de) * | 2016-05-27 | 2017-11-30 | Budich International Gmbh | Reinigungs- und/oder Klarspülmittelformkörper |
US10808205B1 (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-10-20 | Magnus Procurement and Logistic Solutions, Inc. | Solid oven cleaning composition and methods for the preparation and use thereof |
DE102021203328A1 (de) | 2021-04-01 | 2022-10-06 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Waschmittelportionseinheit |
WO2023205379A1 (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2023-10-26 | First Time Us Generics Llc | Tablet press compression tooling assembly for the formation of soft-chew tablets and related methods |
Family Cites Families (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3234258A (en) * | 1963-06-20 | 1966-02-08 | Procter & Gamble | Sulfation of alpha olefins |
US3557003A (en) * | 1967-06-21 | 1971-01-19 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent tablet |
ATE84963T1 (de) * | 1987-12-17 | 1993-02-15 | Upjohn Co | Dreifach gekerbte arzneimitteltablette. |
US5198140A (en) * | 1988-11-02 | 1993-03-30 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Dual composition soap or detergent bar containing convoluted surfaces and tongue and groove interlock |
DE4420735C2 (de) * | 1994-06-15 | 1996-09-05 | Allphamed Arzneimittel Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung mechanisch stabiler, sich mit hoher Auflösegeschwindigkeit auszeichnender Brausetabletten |
DE19709411A1 (de) * | 1997-03-07 | 1998-09-10 | Henkel Kgaa | Waschmittelformkörper |
ATE276350T1 (de) * | 1997-11-26 | 2004-10-15 | Procter & Gamble | Verfahren zur herstellung einer waschmitteltablette |
US6992056B1 (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 2006-01-31 | Henkel Kgaa | Process for preparing detergent tablets having two or more regions |
DE29807840U1 (de) * | 1998-04-30 | 1998-09-03 | Notter GmbH Werkzeugbau, 75248 Ölbronn-Dürrn | Tablettierwerkzeug, insbesondere Tablettierstempel oder Tablettiermatritze |
ES2188196T3 (es) * | 1998-07-15 | 2003-06-16 | Henkel Kgaa | Procedimiento para la obtencion de cuerpos moldeados de agentes de lavado y limpieza polifasicos. |
DE19856214C1 (de) * | 1998-12-05 | 2000-03-09 | Henkel Kgaa | Punkttablette |
DE19860189C1 (de) * | 1998-12-24 | 2000-03-30 | Henkel Kgaa | Formoptimierter Waschmittelformkörper |
DE19922578C2 (de) * | 1999-05-17 | 2003-12-24 | Benckiser Nv | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer mehrschichtigen Tablette, insbesondere Reinigungsmitteltablette, sowie danach herstellbares Produkt |
DE19930932A1 (de) * | 1999-06-19 | 2000-12-21 | Henkel Kgaa | Preßverfahren für Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteltabletten |
DE19930771A1 (de) * | 1999-07-03 | 2001-01-04 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelformkörpern |
DE50011759D1 (de) * | 1999-07-09 | 2006-01-05 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- oder reinigungsmittel-portion |
DE19963569B4 (de) * | 1999-12-29 | 2006-11-16 | Reckitt Benckiser N.V. | Zusammensetzung zur Verwendung in einer Geschirrspülmaschine |
DE10010760A1 (de) * | 2000-03-04 | 2001-09-20 | Henkel Kgaa | Mehrphasige Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelformkörper mit nicht-gepreßten Anteilen |
DE10108153A1 (de) * | 2000-09-28 | 2002-10-24 | Henkel Kgaa | Muldentabletten und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
US6586386B2 (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2003-07-01 | Isp Investments Inc. | Tablet of compacted particulate cleaning composition |
DE10209157A1 (de) * | 2002-03-01 | 2003-09-18 | Henkel Kgaa | Parfümierte Reinigungsmittelformkörper |
-
2003
- 2003-11-13 DE DE10352961A patent/DE10352961A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-09-14 PL PL04765165T patent/PL1682649T3/pl unknown
- 2004-09-14 EP EP04765165A patent/EP1682649B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-14 DE DE502004005394T patent/DE502004005394D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-14 AT AT04765165T patent/ATE377070T1/de active
- 2004-09-14 WO PCT/EP2004/010251 patent/WO2005047446A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2004-09-14 ES ES04765165T patent/ES2295912T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2006
- 2006-05-12 US US11/433,877 patent/US20070009561A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2005047446A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20070009561A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
DE502004005394D1 (de) | 2007-12-13 |
EP1682649B1 (de) | 2007-10-31 |
PL1682649T3 (pl) | 2008-03-31 |
DE10352961A1 (de) | 2005-06-23 |
WO2005047446A1 (de) | 2005-05-26 |
ES2295912T3 (es) | 2008-04-16 |
ATE377070T1 (de) | 2007-11-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2235153B1 (de) | Reinigungsmittel | |
EP1711589B1 (de) | Maschinelles geschirrspulmittel | |
WO2005108537A1 (de) | REINIGUNGSMITTEL KLARSPÜLTENSID UND EINER SPEZIELLEN α-AMYLASE | |
DE10313172B4 (de) | Gestaltsoptimierte Reinigungsmitteltabletten | |
EP1363986B1 (de) | "3 in 1" GESCHIRRSPÜLMITTEL UND VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG DERSELBEN | |
EP1740686A1 (de) | REINIGUNGSMITTEL MIT KLARSPÜL-SULFOPOLYMER UND EINER SPEZIELLEN alpha-AMYLASE | |
EP1735419B1 (de) | Maschinelles geschirrspülmittel | |
DE102007059968A1 (de) | Reinigungsmittel | |
US20070009561A1 (en) | Tablets resistant to shock loads | |
EP1651746B1 (de) | Wasch- oder reinigungsmittel | |
EP1727884B1 (de) | Maschinelles geschirrspülmittel | |
DE10253479A1 (de) | Befüllte Muldentabletten und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung II | |
DE102010063625A1 (de) | Geschirrspülmittelkompaktate | |
EP2097503A1 (de) | Wasch- oder reinigungsmittelformkörper | |
EP3164478A1 (de) | Geschirrspülmittel | |
DE102006051529A1 (de) | Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittelformkörper | |
DE102010063626A1 (de) | Geschirrspülmittelkompaktate | |
EP2097253A1 (de) | Wasch- oder reinigungsmittelformkörper |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20060317 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: PEGELOW, ULRICH Inventor name: HOLDERBAUM, THOMAS Inventor name: NITSCH, CHRISTIAN Inventor name: STEFFEN-HOLDERBAUM, UTA |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20060814 |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: STEFFEN-HOLDERBAUM, UTA Inventor name: NITSCH, CHRISTIAN Inventor name: PEGELOW, ULRICH Inventor name: HOLDERBAUM, THOMAS |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: HOLDERBAUM, THOMAS Inventor name: NITSCH, CHRISTIAN Inventor name: PEGELOW, ULRICH Inventor name: STEFFEN-HOLDERBAUM, UTA |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20060814 |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 502004005394 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20071213 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20080206 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: PL Ref legal event code: T3 |
|
NLV1 | Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2295912 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20071031 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20080131 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20080131 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20080331 Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20071031 |
|
RAP2 | Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred) |
Owner name: HENKEL AG & CO. KGAA |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FD4D |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20071031 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20071031 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20071031 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20071031 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20080801 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20071031 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20080201 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20071031 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: HENKEL K.G.A.A. Effective date: 20080930 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080930 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20071031 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080930 Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20071031 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080930 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080930 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20080501 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Payment date: 20140827 Year of fee payment: 11 Ref country code: PL Payment date: 20140708 Year of fee payment: 11 Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20140827 Year of fee payment: 11 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20140910 Year of fee payment: 11 Ref country code: LU Payment date: 20141001 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150914 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MM01 Ref document number: 377070 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20150914 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20150914 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150914 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150914 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20160921 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20160921 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20160916 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150914 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20160922 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150914 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 502004005394 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20180531 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180404 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20171002 Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20170914 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20181024 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20170915 |